Kenya

Sevens is slowly on the up and, with a population of almost 30 million people, the country has some potential talent to pick from. See also Culture jamming, Guerrilla communication. Most notable was their 15-12 win over Australia in the 2003 Hong Kong Sevens tournament. The best-known organizations subverting established logos and brands are ®™ark and AdBusters. Rugby has always been popular in Kenya especially with the Annual Tusker Sevens tournament but only recently has the country began to be noticed on the international circuit. Virtually all distinctive design elements related to brands or logos can become subjects to subvertising. Kenya is now beginning to be a force to reckon with in Rugby. flag with the white stars replaced with major corporate logos.

The Kenyan Ministry of Sports has tried to stop the defections, but they have continued anyway, with Bernard Lagat the latest, choosing to represent the USA. Another example is the AdBusters' corporate flag, a U.S. Lately, there has been controversy in Kenyan athletics circles, with the defection of a number of Kenyan athletes to represent other countries, chiefly Bahrain and Qatar. Perhaps the best known example of a logo "hijacked" this way is the Swooshtika. A retired Olympic and Commonwealth Games champion, Kipchoge Keino, is Kenya's most famous sportsman. The wide recognition the most famous logos receive provides the brand's critics with the possibility of meme-hacking, a process also known as subvertising, turning the marketing message carried by the logo (either in its pristine form, or subtly altered) into a vehicle for an alternative message, frequently highly critical to the brand in question. The Marathon world record holder, Paul Tergat, and the current women's Boston Marathon champion, Catherine Ndereba, are the among the best-known and most respected athletes in Kenya. Perhaps the most famous (and possibly the oldest) of these is the emblem of the Olympic Games: the Olympic Rings, five interlocking rings (blue, yellow, black, green, and red respectively) on a white field.

Kenyan athletes continue to dominate the world of distance running, although competition from Morocco and Ethiopia has somewhat reduced this trend. And, logos don't have to represent commercial enterprises to be well-known. Kenya has regularly produced Olympic and Commonwealth Games champions at various distances, especially the 800 m, the 1,500 m, the 3,000 m steeplechase, the 5000 m and the 10,000 m races. Note also, the right pointing arrow in the new logo is a subliminal hint of motion. But the country is chiefly known for its dominance in middle-distance and long-distance athletics. Besides creating a much stronger, shorter brand name, they reduced the amount of color used on vehicles (planes, trucks) and saved hundreds of thousands of dollars in paint costs. Kenya is active in several sports, among them football (soccer), cricket, boxing and many others. An interesting case is the refinement of the FedEx logo, where the brand consultants convinced the company to shorten their corporate name and logo from "Federal Express" to the popular abbreviation "Fed Ex".

Main article: Culture of Kenya. Some famous examples of his work were the UPS package with a string (updated in March 2003) IBM, Goodwill Industries and NeXT Computer. See also: List of cities in Kenya, Maasai. However, Paul Rand is considered the father of corporate identity and his work has been seminal in launching this field. Others include Hinduism, Jainism & the Bahá'í Faith. Corporate identities today are often developed by large firms who specialize in this type of work. Religious affiliation: Various Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, Muslim 6%, Traditional Religions 22%. He hired a young student (Caroline Davidson) to design his logo, paying her $35 for what has become one of the best known marks in the world (she was later compensated again by the company).

Ethnic groups: Kĩkũyũ 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 15%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Ameru 6%, other African 12%, non-African (Asian/Desi, European, and Arab) 1%. When Phil Knight started Nike, he was hoping to find a mark as recognizable as the Adidas stripes, which also provided reinforcement to the shoe. Ethnically split opposition groups allowed the regime of Daniel arap Moi, in power from 1978 until 2002, to be re-elected for four terms, with the election in 1997 being marred by violence and fraud. Other logos that are recognized globally: the Nike "Swoosh" and the adidas "Three stripes" are two well-known brands that are defined by their corporate logo. During the early 1990s, clashes killed thousands and left tens of thousands homeless. Automotive brands can be summed up simply with their corporate logo- from the Chevrolet "Bow Tie" mark to the circle marks of VW, Mercedes and BMW, to the interlocking "RR" of Rolls-Royce each has stood for a brand and clearly differentiated the product line. Tension between the various groups accounts for many of Kenya's problems. There are some other logos that must be mentioned when evaluating what the mark means to the consumer.

Kenya is a country of great ethnic diversity. What started as International Business Machines is now just "IBM" and the color blue has been a signature in their unifying campaign as they have moved to become an IT services company. Main article: Demographics of Kenya. IBM, also known as "Big Blue" has simplified their logo over the years, and their name. Source http://www.kenyaspace.com. Coca Cola's script is known the world over, but is best associated with the color red; its main competitor, Pepsi has taken the color blue, although they have abandoned their script logo. The number of foreigners coming to Kenya has increased as attested to by the airlines operating in Kenya. Other well-known examples are: Apple Computer, Inc.'s apple with a bite out of it started out as a rainbow of color, and has been reduced to a single color without any loss of recognition.

Tourism has grown tremendously since 2003. The logotype will be recognized from afar because of its shape and its yellow color. Another key foreign exchange earner is tourism. The same will be true when one is looking at the airport for the booth of the Hertz Rent-A-Car company. Chief among Kenya's exports are: flowers (horticulture), fruits and vegetables, tea, and coffee. For example, a box of Kellogg's cereals will be easily recognized in a supermarket's shelf from a certain distance, due to its unique typography and distinctive red coloring. The effects of HIV/AIDS has largely offset the previous high population growth which was caused by a high birth rate and reduced infant mortality due to better health care. Due to the design, the color, the shape, and eventually additional elements of the logotype, each one can easily be differentiated from other logotypes.

Considered by some to be long-term barriers to development are: electricity shortages, the government's continued and allegedly inefficient dominance of key sectors, corruption, the foreign debt burden, unstable international commodity prices, poor communication infrastructure and the effects of HIV/AIDS, which is having its effect on the most productive group of the population. In the next table, the name of these companies is shown in their specific design, their logotype. A new economic team was put in place in 1999 to revitalize the reform effort, strengthen the civil service, and curb corruption, but wary donors continue to question the government's commitment to western establishment ideas of sound economic policy. In these examples, recognizing the companies entails reading the name. Embassy by Al Qaeda in 1998—damaged the tourist industry, and Kenya's Enhanced Structural Adjustment Program lapsed. The following table shows the names of six well-known companies in the same typeface in all cases. Political violence—namely the bombing of the U.S. There are essentially three kinds of logos:.

Growth slowed in 1997–1999 however. When designing (or commissioning) a logo, practices to encourage are:. Kenya's GDP grew 5% in 1995 and 4% in 1996, and inflation remained under control. Conversely, cool colors (blue, purple) are associated with lightness and weightlessness, thus many diet products have a light blue integrated into the logo. This resulted in a weak currency which hindered economic improvement. Warm colors (red, orange, yellow) are linked to hot food and thus can be seen integrated into many fast food logos. dollars. Color is also useful for linking certain types of products with a brand.

One of the unintended consequence of freeing foreign exchange control was that it allowed a gold-and-diamond export scam in which the Kenyan government lost over 600 million U.S. For other brands, more subdued tones and lower saturation can communicate dependability, quality, relaxation, etc. With the support of the World Bank, IMF, and other donors, the reforms led to a brief turnaround in economic performance following a period of negative growth in the early 1990s. Green is often associated with health foods.). In 1993, the government of Kenya implemented a program of economic liberalization and reform that included the removal of import licensing, price controls, and foreign exchange controls. Red, white, and blue are often used in logos for companies that want to project patriotic feelings. Some argue that this slow economic growth is because of poor management and uneven commitment to reform; others insist that it is due to falling commodity prices and poor access to Western markets. Loud colors, such as red, that are meant to attract the attention of drivers on freeways are appropriate for companies that require such attention.

The economy is only now beginning to show some growth after years of stagnation. Some colors are associated with certain emotions that the designer wants to convey (e.g. Kenya's main economic strengths include tourism and agriculture. Color is important to the brand recognition, but should not be an integral component to the logo design, which would conflict with its functionality. Main article: Economy of Kenya. A good logo:. Climate varies from tropical along the coast to arid in interior. Because logos are meant to represent companies and foster recognition by consumers it is counterproductive to redesign logos often.

The highlands are the site of the highest point in Kenya: Mount Kenya, which reaches 5,199 m and is also the site of glaciers. The logo, or brand, is not just an image, it is the embodiment of an organization. The Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa. Logo design is commonly believed to be one of the most important areas in graphic design, thus making it the most difficult to perfect. The highlands are bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west. In non-profit areas, the Red Cross is an example of an extremely well known emblem which does not need a name to go with, though in Muslim countries it is the Red Crescent. From the coast on the Indian Ocean the Low plains rise to central highlands. A sign or emblem would keep the general proprietary nature of the product in both markets.

Kenya covers an area of 582,646 km². Emblems will sometimes will grow in popularity, especially across areas with differing alphabets; for instance, a name in the Arabic language would be of little help in most European markets. The government supervises administration of districts and provinces, which are:. Examples of well-designed logos and logotypes are available in competitive design annuals. The Nairobi Area* has special status and is not included in any district or province. Therefore, the trend in the recent years has been to use both logos and names, and to emphasize the design of the name instead of the logotype, making it unique by its letters, color, and additional graphic elements. The division is then subdivided into location (Mtaa) and then sub location (Kijiji). The consequence is the notion that it makes less sense to use a sign as a logotype, even together with the name, if people will not duly identify it.

The provinces (Mkoa) are subdivided into districts (Wilaya) which are then subdivided into divisions (Tarafa). Today there are so many corporations, products, services, agencies and other entities using a sign or emblem as logotype that many have realized that only a few of the thousands of signs people are faced with are recognized without a name. Local administration is divided among eight provinces each headed by a presidentially appointed Provincial Commissioner. During many decades, when a new logo was being designed, owners, advertising professionals, and graphic designers always attempted to create a sign or emblem which, together with the name of the company, product, or service, would appear as a logotype. The reshuffle has drawn mixed reactions from different quarters with a number of nominees rejecting their appointments citing party policy and the opinion of constituents. The name being shaped often in a specific way by each manufacturer, these combined logotypes, which for the first time included sign and name, became extremely popular. His new line up excluded members who had opposed the constitution in the referendum but retained some allies from the official opposition party KANU and loyalists, notably absent was former Transport minister Chris Murungaru who has been accused of corruption in the past. The manufacturers later began to add the name of the company or of the product to their sign.

The president reconstituted his cabinet in a televised broadcast on 7th December. More and more manufacturers began therefore to include a symbol, sign, or emblem on their products, labels and packages, so that all the buyers could easily recognize the product they wanted. The defeat however created a political vacuum, as Kibaki responded to calls from the Orange Democratic Movement (supporters of the NO vote) for his resignation, by dissolving his cabinet. The industrial leaders became soon aware that the public would not easily differentiate their product from the same product of their competitors. The president never actively involved himself in the referendum process and instead insisted on letting Kenyans make an independent decision free from political influence. At that time, a significant part of the population was still illiterate. Research by independent observer groups indicated that the majority of voters were oblivious of the proposed constitution's content owing largely to the tribal voting lines that leaders propagated and partly to a failed civic education program. New competitors appeared from time to time, and the offer of products of a same kind increased notably.

After a long-lasting public debate, the people of Kenya rejected the government-supported draft constitution with a 57-43 majority in the historical November 21st referendum. The new products were distributed in large geographical areas, even nationwide. The right-leaning NAK favours a centralized Presidential system, while the left leaning LDP -led by Raila Odinga and Kalonzo Musyoka- favor a parliamentary system with Prime Minister. The new industrial procedures allowed a much higher output than that of the former handmade products. Constitutional reform is being delayed by disagreement amongst the coalition members. The origin of logotypes goes back to the 19th century, when industrial manufacture of products became important. Kenya is in the process of rewriting its post-colonial constitution and its subsequent amendments that gave the president nearly unlimited powers and immunity from the law accounting for many of Kenya's current problems with corruption. Examples:.

He was also the former Secretary General of Universities Academic Staff Union (UASU), Kenya's first lecturers' union. The difference between a slogan and a brand slogan is that brand slogan remains the same for a long time to build up the brands image while different slogans link to each product or advertising campaign. Kilemi Mwiria, who received his doctorate in Education from Stanford University. The main purpose of it is to support the identity of the brand together with the logotype. The coalition consists of some of the brightest minds in Kenya such as Dr. In this case it is a brand slogan also called a claim, a tagline or an endline in the advertising industry. The NAK and the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) formed the NARC coalition that currently governs Kenya. If the slogan appears always in the logotype, and in the same graphic shape, it can be considered as part of the logotype.

In December 2002, Kenya held democratic and open elections and elected Mwai Kǐbakǐ as president from the National Alliance Party of Kenya (NAK) as president. Sometimes a slogan is included in the logotype. Kenya has had a multi-party system since 1991 via constitutional amendment, with politicians frequently "crossing the floor" or setting up new political parties and coalitions to achieve their political aims. While large corporations spend hundreds of thousands of dollars to update and implement their logos, many small businesses will turn to local graphic designers to do a corporate logo. The judiciary is headed by a High Court, consisting of a chief justice and High Court judges, and judges of Kenya's Court of Appeal (no associate judges), all appointed by the president. The image at right shows an example of the two elements of a logotype. The attorney general and the speaker are ex officio members of the Assembly. A logotype consists of either a name or a name and a sign.

The president appoints the vice president and cabinet members from among those elected to the National Assembly. This is, however, not the way it is defined by graphic designers and by advertising professionals. Kenya has a unicameral National Assembly consisting of 210 members elected to a term of up to five years from single-member constituencies, plus 12 members nominated by political parties on a proportional representation basis. A common misconception holds that a logotype is merely a graphic symbol or sign. Kenya is a republic; the President of Kenya is both the chief of state and the head of government. If rights in relation to a logotype are correctly established and enforced, it can become a valuable intellectual property asset. Main article: Politics of Kenya. Once a logotype is designed, one of the most effective means for protecting it is through registration as a trademark, so that no unauthorised third parties can use it, or interfere with the owner's use of it.

The elections, judged free and fair by local and international observers, marked a turning point in Kenya's democratic evolution. To the extent that a logotype achieves this objective, it may function as a trademark, and may be used to uniquely identify businesses, organizations, events, products or services. In 2002, Moi was constitutionally barred from running, and Mwai Kǐbakǐ, running for the opposition coalition "National Rainbow Coalition" — NARC, was elected President. The uniqueness of a logotype is of utmost importance to avoid confusion in the marketplace among clients, suppliers, users, affiliates, and the general public. In democratic but flawed multiparty elections in 1992 and 1997, Daniel arap Moi won re-election. Emblems with non-textual content are distinct from true logotypes. Several contentious clauses, including the one allowing only one political party were changed in the following years. In this article several examples of 'true' logotypes are displayed, which may generally be contrasted with emblems, or marks which include non-textual graphics of some kind.

This was seen as the climax of a very undemocratic regime and it led to widespread agitation for constitutional reform. In recent times the term 'logo' has been used to describe signs, emblems, coats of arms, symbols and even flags. The election held in 1988 saw the advent of the infamous mlolongo (queueing) system where voters were supposed to line up behind their favourite candidates instead of secret ballot. It also depicts an organisation's personality. This event led to the disbanding of the entire Airforce and a large number of its former members were either dismissed or court-martialled. A logo is a tangible form used to represent any given article. The attempt was quickly suppressed by Loyalist forces led by the Army, the General Service Unit (GSU) — paramilitary wing of the police — and later the regular police, but not without civilian casualties. .

The abortive coup was masterminded by a lowly ranked Airforce serviceman, Senior Private Hezekiah Ochuka and was staged mainly by enlisted men in the Airforce. should be distinctly different from others in a similar market. The 1983 elections were held a year early, and were a direct result of an abortive military coup attempt on 01/08/1982. The shape, color, typeface, etc. Daniel arap Moi retained the Presidency, being unopposed in elections held in 1979, 1983 (snap elections) and 1988, all of which were held under the single party constitution. A logotype, commonly known as a logo, is the graphic element of a trademark or brand, which is set in a special typeface and/or font, or arranged in a particular, but legible, way. At Kenyatta's death in 1978, Daniel arap Moi became President. Icon (symbol / brandmark).

A year later, Kenyatta became Kenya's first president. Logotype/Wordmark/Lettermark (text or abbreviated text). Despite British hopes of handing power to "moderate" African rivals, it was the Kenya African National Union (KANU) of Jomo Kenyatta, that formed a government shortly before Kenya became independent on 12th December 1963. Combination (icon plus text ). The first direct elections for Africans to the Legislative Council took place in 1957. avoid culturally sensitive imagery, such as religious icons or national flags, unless the brand is commited to being associated with any and all connotations such imagery may evoke. The capture of Dedan Kimathi on 21 October 1956 in Nyeri signified the ultimate defeat of the Mau Mau and essentially ended the military offensive. avoid photography or complex imagery as it reduces the instant recognition a logo demands.

By the end of the emergency the Home Guard had killed no fewer than 4,686 Mau Mau, amounting to 42% of the total insurgents. do not use the face of a (living) person. The Home Guard formed the core of the government's anti-Mau Mau strategy as it was composed of loyalist Africans, not foreign forces like the British Army and King's African Rifles. do not use a specific choice of third-party font or clip-art as a distinguishing feature. May 1953 also saw the Home Guard officially recognized as a branch of the Security Forces. brand standard manual). The operation effectively placed Nairobi under military siege, and the occupants were screened and the Mau Mau supporters moved to detention camps. include guidelines on the position on a page and white space around the logo for consistent application across a variety of media (a.k.a.

Operation Anvil opened on 24 April 1954 after weeks of planning by the army with the approval of the War Council. be aware of design or copyright infringements. The capture of Warǔhiǔ Itote (General China) on 15 January 1954 and the subsequent interrogation led to a better understanding of the Mau Mau command structure. design using vector graphics, so the logo can be resized without loss of fidelity (Adobe Illustrator is one of the main programs for this type of design work; open source programs like Inkscape are emerging as excellent free alternatives). The situation did not improve for lack of intelligence, so General Sir George Erskine was appointed commander-in-chief of the colony's armed forces in May 1953, with the personal backing of Winston Churchill. produce alternatives for different contexts. In January 1953, Major General Hinde was appointed as director of counter-insurgency operations. avoid gradients (colors that transition from dark to light/light to dark) as a distinguishing feature.

The governor requested and obtained British and African troops, including the King's African Rifles. use few colors, or try to limit colors to spot colors (a term used in the printing industry). From October 1952 to December 1959, Kenya was under a state of emergency arising from the Mau Mau rebellion against British rule. represents the brand/company appropriately. A massive exodus to the cities ensued as their ability to provide a living from the land dwindled. abides by basic design principles of space, color, form, consistency, and clarity. To protect their interests, the settlers banned the growing of coffee, introduced a hut tax, and the landless were granted less and less land in exchange for their labour. may be able to maintain its integrity printed on various fabrics or materials (where the shape of the product may distort the logo).

The area was already home to over a million members of the Kĩkũyũ tribe, most of whom had no land claims in European terms (but the land belonged to the ethnic group), and lived as itinerant farmers. can work in "full-color", but also in two color presentation (black and white), spot color, or halftone. By the 1930's, approximately 30,000 settlers lived in the area and were offered undue political powers because of their effects on the economy. should remain effective reproduced small or large. During the early part of the 20th century, the interior central highlands were settled by British and other European farmers, who became wealthy farming coffee. is functional and can be used in many different contexts while retaining its integrity