Kenya

Sevens is slowly on the up and, with a population of almost 30 million people, the country has some potential talent to pick from. The newspaper was founded by Donald Stephens, who later became the First Chief Minister of Sabah. Most notable was their 15-12 win over Australia in the 2003 Hong Kong Sevens tournament. Sabah's first established newspaper was the New Sabah Times. Rugby has always been popular in Kenya especially with the Annual Tusker Sevens tournament but only recently has the country began to be noticed on the international circuit. Visit Atama's website[1]. Kenya is now beginning to be a force to reckon with in Rugby. Atama's debut album My Tribal Roots was released on 30th May 2005.

The Kenyan Ministry of Sports has tried to stop the defections, but they have continued anyway, with Bernard Lagat the latest, choosing to represent the USA. Sabah's first hip hop recording artist is Atama, real name Andrew Ambrose Mudi, who has successfully fused hip hop and tribal music. Lately, there has been controversy in Kenyan athletics circles, with the defection of a number of Kenyan athletes to represent other countries, chiefly Bahrain and Qatar. Sabah's first homegrown film was Orang Kita, starring Abu Bakar Ellah. A retired Olympic and Commonwealth Games champion, Kipchoge Keino, is Kenya's most famous sportsman. Some films and shows filmed in Sabah include the first season of reality show Survivor, The Amazing Race, Eco-Challenge Borneo, Bat*21, and Sacred Planet. The Marathon world record holder, Paul Tergat, and the current women's Boston Marathon champion, Catherine Ndereba, are the among the best-known and most respected athletes in Kenya. Noteworthy mentions include filmmaker Tony Francis Gitom, and their many high-placing contestants on local shows Malaysian Idol and Akademi Fantasia.

Kenyan athletes continue to dominate the world of distance running, although competition from Morocco and Ethiopia has somewhat reduced this trend. Sabah is not known for producing many well-known media figures, but the few it has produced have made their mark. Kenya has regularly produced Olympic and Commonwealth Games champions at various distances, especially the 800 m, the 1,500 m, the 3,000 m steeplechase, the 5000 m and the 10,000 m races. The most popular tourist destinations include:. But the country is chiefly known for its dominance in middle-distance and long-distance athletics. Tourism, particularly eco-tourism, is a major contributor to the economy of Sabah. Kenya is active in several sports, among them football (soccer), cricket, boxing and many others. The federal government extracts 95% of the revenues generated by Sabah, leaving only 5% for local needs..

Main article: Culture of Kenya. Part of the problem is the inequitable distribution of wealth between the State and the Federal government. See also: List of cities in Kenya, Maasai. The state has the highest poverty level in the country at 16 per cent, more than three times the national average. Others include Hinduism, Jainism & the Bahá'í Faith. In 2000, Sabah had an unemployment rate of 5.6 per cent - the highest of any Malaysian state and almost twice the national average of 3.1 per cent. Religious affiliation: Various Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, Muslim 6%, Traditional Religions 22%. Average incomes are now among the lowest in Malaysia, and with a considerably higher cost of living than in West Malaysia.

Ethnic groups: Kĩkũyũ 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 15%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Ameru 6%, other African 12%, non-African (Asian/Desi, European, and Arab) 1%. However, despite its vast wealth of natural resources, Sabah is currently the poorest of Malaysia's states. Ethnically split opposition groups allowed the regime of Daniel arap Moi, in power from 1978 until 2002, to be re-elected for four terms, with the election in 1997 being marred by violence and fraud. In 1970, Sabah ranked as one of the richest states in the federation, with a per capita GDP second only to Selangor (which then included Kuala Lumpur). During the early 1990s, clashes killed thousands and left tens of thousands homeless. Tourism is currently the second largest contributor to the economy. Tension between the various groups accounts for many of Kenya's problems. Other agricultural products important in the Sabah economy include rubber and cacao.

Kenya is a country of great ethnic diversity. Sabah's economy was traditionally heavily lumber dependent, based on export of tropical timber, but with increasing depletion of the natural forests and ecological efforts to save remaining natural rainforest areas, palm oil has emerged as a more sustainable resource. Main article: Demographics of Kenya. See Demographics of Malaysia for some further details about the population. Source http://www.kenyaspace.com.
The federal government of Malaysia officially recognizes 28 ethnic groups as being "indigenous" or bumiputra in Sabah:. The number of foreigners coming to Kenya has increased as attested to by the airlines operating in Kenya. Those POW's skulls line the roof of Dusun-Kadazan 'skull houses'.

Tourism has grown tremendously since 2003. During World War 2, the British army liberated North Borneo from the Japanese and released 280 Japanese POW's knowing that the vengeful natives would not show mercy. Another key foreign exchange earner is tourism. Monsopiad the legendary warrior who lived in the 1700's-1800's took 48 heads in the heat of battle before being overwhelmed. Chief among Kenya's exports are: flowers (horticulture), fruits and vegetables, tea, and coffee. Even though Dusun-Kadazans are known for their peaceful nature, they are also well known for their bravery and defiant nature towards oppression and foreign rule. The effects of HIV/AIDS has largely offset the previous high population growth which was caused by a high birth rate and reduced infant mortality due to better health care. Their traditional dances appear erotic yet innocent making the Dusun-Kadazan culture a popular one.

Considered by some to be long-term barriers to development are: electricity shortages, the government's continued and allegedly inefficient dominance of key sectors, corruption, the foreign debt burden, unstable international commodity prices, poor communication infrastructure and the effects of HIV/AIDS, which is having its effect on the most productive group of the population. Dusun-Kadazan people are known as the Latin lovers of the East, famous in the state for love and passion for music. A new economic team was put in place in 1999 to revitalize the reform effort, strengthen the civil service, and curb corruption, but wary donors continue to question the government's commitment to western establishment ideas of sound economic policy. In addition, Kadazan-Dusun, Bajau, Murut and other minor races also have distinct ethnic languages. Embassy by Al Qaeda in 1998—damaged the tourist industry, and Kenya's Enhanced Structural Adjustment Program lapsed. English and the Chinese dialects Mandarin and Hakka are widely understood. Political violence—namely the bombing of the U.S. Bahasa Malaysia is the national language spoken across ethnicities, although the spoken Sabahan dialect of Bahasa Malaysia differs much in inflection and intonation from the West Malaysian version, having more similarity in pronunciation to Bahasa Indonesia.

Growth slowed in 1997–1999 however. While the local and federal government do not officially recognise the existence of Filipino illegal immigrants, they are widely employed commercially, forming the bulk of manual labour in construction and other sections of commerce. Kenya's GDP grew 5% in 1995 and 4% in 1996, and inflation remained under control. Unofficially, Sabah is also home to an estimated 700,000 strong Filipino population due to lax immigration controls and poor policing of the Malaysia-Philippines national border. This resulted in a weak currency which hindered economic improvement. The largest indigenous ethnic group is the Kadazan-Dusun (roughly 25% of the total population); followed by the Bajau (15%), and the Murut (3%). dollars. The largest non-indigenous ethnic group is the Chinese, who make up for about 20% of Sabah's population.

One of the unintended consequence of freeing foreign exchange control was that it allowed a gold-and-diamond export scam in which the Kenyan government lost over 600 million U.S. The population of Sabah was 2,449,389 in the year 2000 (Housing Census of Malaysia, 2000), of which is divided into 32 officially recognized ethnic groups. With the support of the World Bank, IMF, and other donors, the reforms led to a brief turnaround in economic performance following a period of negative growth in the early 1990s. Names such as Fernando, Gomes, Rodriguez, and Fernandez are popular and widespread, which explains Sabah's festive almost Brazilian-like culture. In 1993, the government of Kenya implemented a program of economic liberalization and reform that included the removal of import licensing, price controls, and foreign exchange controls. Many peoples of Sabah have a Portuguese blood connection. Some argue that this slow economic growth is because of poor management and uneven commitment to reform; others insist that it is due to falling commodity prices and poor access to Western markets. Sabah consists of five administrative divisions, which are in turn divided into a total of 23 districts.

The economy is only now beginning to show some growth after years of stagnation. Aside from nominally separate immigration controls, little evidence remains of Sabah's theoretical autonomy. Kenya's main economic strengths include tourism and agriculture. These tensions are further inflamed by Kuala Lumpur's colonial mentality towards Sabah, wherein 95% of the profits from Sabah's immense natural resources are taken by the federal government, leaving the state government with only 5%. Main article: Economy of Kenya. Although Sabah entered the Federation of Malaysia as a autonomous state, resistance to pressure from Kuala Lumpur's vision of a one-party unitary Islamic state dominated by ethnic Malays has created considerable friction and even occasional calls for secession. Climate varies from tropical along the coast to arid in interior. A recent effort by PBS, a component party of BN, to hatch a co-operation with the one opposition candidate within the state assembly (whom conversely was a former UMNO member competing independently because he was not nominated for the constituency by his party) in an unprecedented attempt at bipartisanship, was harshly criticized by UPKO, another component party of BN.

The highlands are the site of the highest point in Kenya: Mount Kenya, which reaches 5,199 m and is also the site of glaciers. Sabah politics (as are Malaysia's) are very much based upon party lines. The Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa. Therefore many cast votes for independent candidates. The highlands are bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west. This was caused by a general sentiment where a number of voters were reluctant to cast votes for BN whose victory was almost assured but did not trust the opposition parties, most of which were not vigorously active before the election. From the coast on the Indian Ocean the Low plains rise to central highlands. The state assembly is now dominated by the ruling party BN (who conversely also did not penetrate Sabah until the 1990s.) with only one seat held by an opposition politician who is an independent candidate.

Kenya covers an area of 582,646 km². Thus the 2004 general elections saw widespread disillusionment, coupled with an ineffectual opposition. The government supervises administration of districts and provinces, which are:. This has given rise to dissent as the Chief Minister rotation system was halted just as UMNO, a Malay-based political party, was holding the post. The Nairobi Area* has special status and is not included in any district or province. UMNO had a quick rise to power since its entry into Sabah in 1991 where before that both eastern Malaysian states were not penetrated by the party, whose president is the de facto leader of the ruling coalition BN and automatically the Prime Minister of Malaysia. The division is then subdivided into location (Mtaa) and then sub location (Kijiji). This practice has since stopped with power now held by majority in the state assembly by the UMNO party, which also holds a majority in the national Parliament.

The provinces (Mkoa) are subdivided into districts (Wilaya) which are then subdivided into divisions (Tarafa). It also serves to give a disproportionate power to the minority Malay ethnic group, enabling them to overturn any local legislature implemented by the majority Kadazan-Dusun. Local administration is divided among eight provinces each headed by a presidentially appointed Provincial Commissioner. This serves to extremely weaken the executive branch of the State government, which was formerly much at odds with the federal government in Kuala Lumpur. The reshuffle has drawn mixed reactions from different quarters with a number of nominees rejecting their appointments citing party policy and the opinion of constituents. A bizarre feature of Sabah politics is a policy initiated by the Barisan Nasional in 1994: the Chief Minister's post is rotated among the coalition parties every 2 years, regardless of the party in power at the time, thus theoretically giving an equal amount of time for each major ethnic group to rule the State. His new line up excluded members who had opposed the constitution in the referendum but retained some allies from the official opposition party KANU and loyalists, notably absent was former Transport minister Chris Murungaru who has been accused of corruption in the past. The present elected State and Federal Government posts are held by Barisan Nasional, a coalition of major ethnic parties, including UMNO, Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP), United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation (UPKO) & Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (PBRS) and Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS).

The president reconstituted his cabinet in a televised broadcast on 7th December. A general election for State and Federal level officials is held every five years. The defeat however created a political vacuum, as Kibaki responded to calls from the Orange Democratic Movement (supporters of the NO vote) for his resignation, by dissolving his cabinet. Sabah has a democratic political system with universal suffrage. The president never actively involved himself in the referendum process and instead insisted on letting Kenyans make an independent decision free from political influence. The Philippines claims the whole of Sabah as part of its territory, based upon the Sultanate of Brunei's cession of its north-east territories to the Sultanate of Sulu in 1703, because of military assistance given by the latter to the former. Research by independent observer groups indicated that the majority of voters were oblivious of the proposed constitution's content owing largely to the tribal voting lines that leaders propagated and partly to a failed civic education program. In 1946 the Company's rule ended and it became the colony of North Borneo until it was admitted into the Malaysian federation in 1963.

After a long-lasting public debate, the people of Kenya rejected the government-supported draft constitution with a 57-43 majority in the historical November 21st referendum. Sabah was taken over by the British North Borneo Company in 1881, and became a protectorate of the British Empire with internal affairs still administered by the company in 1888. The right-leaning NAK favours a centralized Presidential system, while the left leaning LDP -led by Raila Odinga and Kalonzo Musyoka- favor a parliamentary system with Prime Minister. Mount Kinabalu, in central Sabah, is the highest mountain in Malaysia, and second in Southeast Asia. Constitutional reform is being delayed by disagreement amongst the coalition members. Over three quarters of the population inhabit the coastal plains. Kenya is in the process of rewriting its post-colonial constitution and its subsequent amendments that gave the president nearly unlimited powers and immunity from the law accounting for many of Kenya's current problems with corruption. These mountains and hills are traversed by an extensive network of river valleys and are in most cases covered with dense rainforest.

He was also the former Secretary General of Universities Academic Staff Union (UASU), Kenya's first lecturers' union. Sabah is generally mountainous, with the Banjaran Crocker range of central mountains varying in height from about 1,000 metres to 3,000 metres, which at its peak of Mount Kinabalu rises up to 4000 metres, and with several lower ranges of hills near the coasts. Kilemi Mwiria, who received his doctorate in Education from Stanford University. . The coalition consists of some of the brightest minds in Kenya such as Dr.
. The NAK and the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) formed the NARC coalition that currently governs Kenya. The state capital is Kota Kinabalu, formerly known as Jesselton.

In December 2002, Kenya held democratic and open elections and elected Mwai Kǐbakǐ as president from the National Alliance Party of Kenya (NAK) as president. The southern part of the island, called Kalimantan, belongs to Indonesia. Kenya has had a multi-party system since 1991 via constitutional amendment, with politicians frequently "crossing the floor" or setting up new political parties and coalitions to achieve their political aims. Situated on the northeast of the island, Sabah is smaller than its sister state, Sarawak. The judiciary is headed by a High Court, consisting of a chief justice and High Court judges, and judges of Kenya's Court of Appeal (no associate judges), all appointed by the president. It is one of the two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. The attorney general and the speaker are ex officio members of the Assembly. Sabah is the second largest state in Malaysia and is also known as Negeri di bawah bayu which means "The Land Below The Wind" .

The president appoints the vice president and cabinet members from among those elected to the National Assembly. 'Kataks' , Kadazan-Dusun Nationalism and Development: The 1999 Sabah State Election (Regime Change And Regime Maintenance In Asia And The Pacific Series No 24, Department Of Political And Social Change, Research School Of Pacific And Asian Studies, Australian National University) (ISBN 0731526783). Kenya has a unicameral National Assembly consisting of 210 members elected to a term of up to five years from single-member constituencies, plus 12 members nominated by political parties on a proportional representation basis. 1999. Kenya is a republic; the President of Kenya is both the chief of state and the head of government. Chin, Ung-ho. Main article: Politics of Kenya. Adam and Charles Black, London.

The elections, judged free and fair by local and international observers, marked a turning point in Kenya's democratic evolution. British North Borneo. In 2002, Moi was constitutionally barred from running, and Mwai Kǐbakǐ, running for the opposition coalition "National Rainbow Coalition" — NARC, was elected President. 1913. In democratic but flawed multiparty elections in 1992 and 1997, Daniel arap Moi won re-election. W. Several contentious clauses, including the one allowing only one political party were changed in the following years. W.

This was seen as the climax of a very undemocratic regime and it led to widespread agitation for constitutional reform. Gudgeon, L. The election held in 1988 saw the advent of the infamous mlolongo (queueing) system where voters were supposed to line up behind their favourite candidates instead of secret ballot. Atama Site, Photo Galleries, Discussions and Forum. This event led to the disbanding of the entire Airforce and a large number of its former members were either dismissed or court-martialled. The Northern Tip of Borneo. The attempt was quickly suppressed by Loyalist forces led by the Army, the General Service Unit (GSU) — paramilitary wing of the police — and later the regular police, but not without civilian casualties. Gomantong Caves - populated with millions of swifts and bats.

The abortive coup was masterminded by a lowly ranked Airforce serviceman, Senior Private Hezekiah Ochuka and was staged mainly by enlisted men in the Airforce. Turtle Islands Park - conservation efforts for endangered sea turtles. The 1983 elections were held a year early, and were a direct result of an abortive military coup attempt on 01/08/1982. Danum Valley Conservation Area - wilderness rainforest. Daniel arap Moi retained the Presidency, being unopposed in elections held in 1979, 1983 (snap elections) and 1988, all of which were held under the single party constitution. Pulau Sipadan - a famous island for scuba diving. At Kenyatta's death in 1978, Daniel arap Moi became President. Sandakan - gateway to the Sepilok Orang Utan Sanctuary and Kinabatangan River.

A year later, Kenyatta became Kenya's first president. Mount Kinabalu - the highest mountain in Southeast Asia. Despite British hopes of handing power to "moderate" African rivals, it was the Kenya African National Union (KANU) of Jomo Kenyatta, that formed a government shortly before Kenya became independent on 12th December 1963. Tanjung Aru resort - outside of Kota Kinabalu, with luxury beach resorts and Tunku Abdul Rahman Park and the North Borneo Railway. The first direct elections for Africans to the Legislative Council took place in 1957. Rumanau. The capture of Dedan Kimathi on 21 October 1956 in Nyeri signified the ultimate defeat of the Mau Mau and essentially ended the military offensive. Minokok.

By the end of the emergency the Home Guard had killed no fewer than 4,686 Mau Mau, amounting to 42% of the total insurgents. Ida'an. The Home Guard formed the core of the government's anti-Mau Mau strategy as it was composed of loyalist Africans, not foreign forces like the British Army and King's African Rifles. Paitan. May 1953 also saw the Home Guard officially recognized as a branch of the Security Forces. Orang Cocos. The operation effectively placed Nairobi under military siege, and the occupants were screened and the Mau Mau supporters moved to detention camps. Filipina-campuran.

Operation Anvil opened on 24 April 1954 after weeks of planning by the army with the approval of the War Council. Sarawak-indigenes. The capture of Warǔhiǔ Itote (General China) on 15 January 1954 and the subsequent interrogation led to a better understanding of the Mau Mau command structure. Sino-campuran. The situation did not improve for lack of intelligence, so General Sir George Erskine was appointed commander-in-chief of the colony's armed forces in May 1953, with the personal backing of Winston Churchill. Maragang. In January 1953, Major General Hinde was appointed as director of counter-insurgency operations. Indonesian.

The governor requested and obtained British and African troops, including the King's African Rifles. Melayu. From October 1952 to December 1959, Kenya was under a state of emergency arising from the Mau Mau rebellion against British rule. Tidong. A massive exodus to the cities ensued as their ability to provide a living from the land dwindled. Bisaya. To protect their interests, the settlers banned the growing of coffee, introduced a hut tax, and the landless were granted less and less land in exchange for their labour. Kedayan.

The area was already home to over a million members of the Kĩkũyũ tribe, most of whom had no land claims in European terms (but the land belonged to the ethnic group), and lived as itinerant farmers. Brunei. By the 1930's, approximately 30,000 settlers lived in the area and were offered undue political powers because of their effects on the economy. Orang Sungai. During the early part of the 20th century, the interior central highlands were settled by British and other European farmers, who became wealthy farming coffee. Suluk. It is believed that the Nandi were the first tribe to be put in a native reserve to stop them from disrupting the building of the railway. Mangka'ak.

Although this was also resisted by some tribes, notably the Nandi led by Orkoiyot Koitalel arap Samoei for ten years between 1895 to 1905, these did not stop the British building the railway. Bugis, (see Bugis of Sabah). This followed the building of the Kenya-Uganda railway passing through the country. Dumpas. Incipient imperial rivalry was forestalled when Germany handed its coastal holdings to Britain in 1890. Tambanuo. However, most historians consider that the colonial history of Kenya dates from the establishment of a German protectorate over the Sultan of Zanzibar's coastal possessions in 1885, followed by the arrival of the Imperial British East Africa Company in 1888. Rungus.

There followed a period of Portuguese rule centered mainly on the coastal strip ranging from Malindi to Mombasa. Lotud. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to explore Kenya, with Vasco da Gama having visited Mombasa in 1498. Illanun. Recent finds near Kenya's Lake Turkana indicate that hominids such as Homo habilis and Homo erectus lived in Kenya from 2.6 million years ago. Bajau. Fossils found in East Africa suggest that protohumans roamed the area more than 20 million years ago. Murut.

Main article: History of Kenya. Kwijau. . Serani (Orang Portuguesa Campur). It is bordered by Ethiopia to the North, Somalia to the East, Tanzania to the South, Uganda to the West, and Sudan to the North-West, with the Indian Ocean running down the South-East Border. Filipino. The Republic of Kenya, or Kenya (IPA: /ˈkɛnjə/), is an East African Country. Kadazan-Dusun.

National parks (Kenya). Music of Kenya. List of writers from Kenya. List of Kenyans.

List of cities in Kenya. Western. Rift Valley. Nyanza.

North Eastern. Nairobi Area*. Eastern. Coast.

Central.