Judo

Some minor judo administrations exist, such as the BJC-MAC (British Judo Council - Martial Arts Circle). This indicates that there was some recent effort in part of the games' developer to ensure that the players were informed on the dangers of imitating reckless driving. Judo clubs can also be administered by the British Judo Council (BJC), which is popular in the north of England. It should be noted, however, that celebrity-endorsed advisories have been included in opening cutscenes of Need for Speed titles since Need for Speed: Underground, stressing that players should only the race within the games, as well as advising gamers to drive responsibly in real-life. In Great Britain, the British Judo Association (BJA) is the largest Judo Association and the only one affiliated to the IJF. [1]. Each national organization in the US has its own promotion requirements, but they still have the same belt rank system. Controversy of speeding and evading the authority has surfaced when a copy of the game is found on one of two street racing Mercedes cars in Toronto in January 26, 2006; the street racer was involved in an accident resulting a taxi-driver's death.

The other national organizations are USJF, United States Judo Federation, and USJA, United States Judo Association. Also, there is the "Black Edition", a special edition which features additional races and two bonus cars, a specially-tuned BMW E46 (M3) GTR and a 1967 Chevrolet Camaro. One is USA Judo, which also has state organizations which host state tournaments and other judo related activities. Most Wanted takes the series back to its roots, with police chases making up the body of the gameplay, and also combines the extensive vehicle customization features that were known in the Underground series and Grand Theft Auto-like free-roaming of Underground 2. In the US, there are several different national organizations. Need for Speed: Most Wanted is the latest major incarnation of Need for Speed, released on 15 November 2005, and is one of the first games released for the Xbox 360. The international organization of judo is the IJF, or the International Judo Federation. It is the top selling game for the PSP.

Judo, uniquely among combat sports, puts equal emphasis on the initial throwing and the final pinning and submitting phases of combat, ideally enabling practitioners to dominate grappling-fights from the get-go. In addition to Japanese cars, NFSU Rivals features several American muscle cars, including those not featured in previous Need for Speed Underground games, such as the the 1969 Dodge Charger, the 1967 Ford Mustang, and the 1997 Chevrolet Corvette C5. It should be noted that the ability to throw an opponent to his back and apply a pinning technique is of enormous importance in these kinds of competitions, as is the ability to finish off a downed opponent with strikes or a submission-move. Need for Speed Underground Rivals is a PSP game released on February, March and September 2005 for Japan, the United States and Europe, respectively. Karo Parisyan, an Armenian-born judoka now fighting in the Ultimate Fighting Championship, has demonstrated the application of judo techniques to mixed martial arts in the United States. It also suffered from a debatable soundtrack. Hidehiko Yoshida, an Olympic gold medalist in 1992 and World Judo Champion in 1999, is well-known in PRIDE Fighting Championships, as is Fedor Emelianenko, PRIDE's current heavy weight champion. The game wasn't as successful as Underground, mainly due to some features that were in the game, but not expanded on, such as sound systems, which could be put in the trunk of cars, but served no purpose other than sheer flash (not unlike the body kits, spoilers, and carbon-fiber that is throughout the game, but does not alter the handling characteristics of the vehicles either).

Due to their knowledge in ne-waza/grappling and tachi-waza/standing-grappling, various accomplished judo practitioners have also competed in mixed martial arts matches. Underground 2 also introduces several SUVs, which could be customized as extensively as other Underground 2 vehicles and used to race against other SUV racers. Even in the controlled environments of a match or dojo training session, injuries can easily occur due to a lapse in focus or overzealous application of a technique. Also included is an "outrun" mode where a player can challenge random opponents on the road and the race leader will attempt to distance themselves away from the opponent to defeat the opponent (similar to Tokyo Xtreme Racer). However, while throws executed with proper break falls on soft mats can seem light and graceful, their more practical application on a hard surface (and potentially with greater intent to harm) could be very dangerous. In Underground 2, the story continues, but there are new racing modes such as the Underground Racing League and Street X, new and more tuning options, as well as a new method of selecting races—just driving around the city (similar to Grand Theft Auto) and selecting race "beacons". Proponents believe this contributes to judo being underrated as a method of self-defense. A demo of the game was placed as a "late" easter egg in finished copies of the EA Games and Criterion Games collaboration Burnout 3: Takedown, and completed versions of NFSU2 also have a demo of Burnout 3 in the game.

Without the kicking and punching so common to other martial arts, except in atemi-waza, which is taught to black belts, judo is often portrayed as friendlier than, for instance, karate. Need For Speed: Underground 2, the sequel to the commercial hit Need for Speed: Underground, was released on November 15, 2004. A World Championship or Olympic match lasts only 5 minutes, but will leave participants exhausted. This limitation could be overcome with the use of third party utilities. Despite the literal meaning of judo being "the gentle way", competition judo is one the roughest and most demanding of sports. While the PC version of the game featured Internet multiplayer, it strangely lacked LAN multiplayer capabilities. The judges can make a decision to change the score or penalty given by the referee. In addition, vehicles do not have damage models at all.

All scores and penalties are given by the referee. EA took some effort in making the races appear as sanctioned racing events, and included a public service announcement in the game's introduction. Penalties may be given for being inactive during the match or using illegal techniques and fighting must be stopped if a participant is outside the designated area on the mat (tatami). It is rumoured that the car manufacturers were very strict in how their vehicles were to be portrayed in this game, especially considering the "illegal street racing" reputation of the tuner culture. If there is no ippon or submission, the one with the highest score wins. Despite this, Underground was commercially very successful. An automatic ippon is also granted when one's opponent submits (which frequently occurs when strangle holds / arm locks are used). This, plus the increasingly arcade-like controls, became points of controversy for NFS fans.

Pinning an opponent, with both shoulders on the mat, for 25 seconds (20 if you previously scored a waza-ari, since two half-points will complete your ippon) results in an ippon. Instead of hundred-thousand dollar exotics, Underground featured vehicles associated with import tuner culture. After the throw occurs and is scored, combat may continue on the ground. All races now take place in a city at night, and there are no police pursuits—characteristics that were reused in Undergrounds sequel, Need for Speed: Underground 2. If there is no score during this period, then the decision (majority vote) of the referee and two corner judges is used. A complete reimagining of the series' formula, Need for Speed: Underground offered a career mode featuring a storyline, and a garage mode that allowed players to fully customize their cars with a large variety of brand-name performance and visual upgrades. Finally, if both players have identical scores, the match is resolved by having the contestants continue fighting in a sudden death overtime called the Golden Score period where the first contestant to get any score wins. "Hot Pursuit 2" was the first "Need for Speed" to forego an original instrumental rock/techno soundtrack in favour of songs sung by licensed song artists under the EA Trax label.

If they are also equal in yukos, kokas break the tie. For the multiplayer mode of the PC version, GameSpy's internet matchmaking system was used in place of Local Area Network(LAN)play. At match end, if one player has scored a waza-ari and the other has not, the player with the waza-ari wins, but if they are equal in that regard (both with zero or one) yukos are used to break the tie. The game lacks a cockpit view. Rather, they are used as tiebreakers if the match ends before an ippon is scored. The game also allows players to chase down speeders as the police. Yukos and kokas are not fractional points in that they do not accumulate to equal a waza-ari or ippon-- in fact a waza-ari beats any number of yukos and a yuko beats any number of kokas. Some of the cars included in the game are the Ferrari F50, the McLaren F1 and its F1 LM variant, the Porsche Carrera GT concept car, the Lamborghini Murcielago, and the Mercedes-Benz CLK-GTR.

Technically speaking, a waza-ari is a half-point, two of which will earn the match. (A different developer did those versions, and they were not ports of the PS2 version.). Anything else, such as landing your opponent on the hip or shoulder, will be waza-ari (技有), yuko (有効) or koka (効果) (waza-ari being the highest of the 3, koka the lowest) or even no score. Strangely, different versions of the game were produced for each system; the best version, according to the gaming press, was the PlayStation 2 version, with the Xbox, GameCube and PC versions generally considered inferior. This will score an ippon (一本), a full point that wins the match. While well-received by the press, it lacked the realism and sheer depth of "NFS: Porsche Unleashed". The object in a judo match is to throw your opponent to the ground. The first "Need For Speed" for the "next-generation" of consoles, "Hot Pursuit 2" draws primarity from the gameplay and style of "NFS III"; its emphasis was on evading the police and over-the-top tracks featuring lengthy shortcuts.

Of course the IJF was created largely based on the earlier European Judo Union where weight classes had also been used for many years. Motor City Online went offline in 2003. In 1961, Uchida represented the United States at the International Judo Federation meetings in Paris, where the IJF adopted weight classes for all future championships. The game allowed players to pit each other in several modes of racing through the Internet, and were allowed customization of the player's driver, garage and vehicles. In 1953, Stone and Uchida successfully petitioned the Amateur Athletic Union to accept judo as a sport, with their weight class system as an official component. Although officially bearing no Need for Speed prefix (while the working title of the game was known as Need for Speed: Motor City), Motor City Online, was an MMOG variation of Need for Speed released by EA Games on October 2001, featuring mostly American coupés and muscle cars from the 1930s to the 1970s. In the 1940s Henry Stone and Yosh Uchida, the head coaches at Cal and SJSC, developed a weight class system for use in the frequent competitions between the schools. Anyone who manages to finish Factory Driver can be called a great "computer" driver.

Collegiate competition in the United States, especially between UC Berkeley and San Jose State, contributed towards refining judo into the sport seen at the Olympic Games and World Championships. Many of the missions were considered to be really difficult. Over 78 Kg. The Factory Driver was also a different kind of unlocking, except to do with performing and excelling in certain slaloms, speed races, deliveries, etc. up to and including 78 Kg. The Evolution concept was a hit for many people, creating many new Porsche fans due to the game's high level of academia and depth of Porsche cars. Over 70 Kg. It features historical videos and many pictures of old photos of Porsche vehicles.

up to and including 70 Kg. In terms of game construction, it is most often hailed as Need For Speed's best collaborated effort to bring forth one singular car brand and amplify and deepen the depth of knowledge both on history and motor functions. Over 63 Kg. In later years, it was released for Game Boy Advance. up to and including 63 Kg. The game was also the first NFS game that didn't have a split screen mode. Over 57 Kg. Porsche Unleashed also featured a Factory Driver mode, where the player had to test Porsches with various stunts and move on with his career.

up to and including 57 Kg. The player had to win races in the Evolution career mode to unlock cars in chronological order from 1950 to 2000. Over 52 Kg. The cars handled more realistically than in any other NFS game, and there is an in-depth catalogue of different Porsche parts that span throughout the years. up to and including 52 Kg. Porsche Unleashed (US title) and Porsche 2000 (European title) was different from the previous versions because it featured only Porsches and featured a wealth of information regarding them. Over 48 Kg. After a race, the player was given the option to purchase repairs.

Women Up to and including 48 Kg. Vehicles which have been involved in accidents featured visibly crushed car bodies and suffered from performance penalties. Over 100 Kg. Another innovation was the introduction of damage models. up to and including 100 Kg. Career mode incorporated a monetary reward system that allowed a player to purchase vehicles and performance upgrades while earning cash by racing in a chronological set of tournaments. Over 90 Kg. Getaway required the player to outrun a pursuing police vehicle for a given time period.

up to and including 90 Kg. High Stakes was a racing mode in which the reward was the losing player's car. Over 81 Kg. Nevertheless, High Stakes introduced several new types of gameplay: High Stakes, Getaway and Career. up to and including 81 Kg. It was widely criticised for being too similar to NFS III, especially due to the fact that all of the tracks from NFS III were contained in NFS HS/RC (amongst others). Over 73 Kg. High Stakes (US title) and Road Challenge (European title) was released in the summer of 1999.

up to and including 73 Kg. A community of car builders for the game sprung up as a result. Over 66 Kg. This game also was the first to allow the downloading of additional car models. up to and including 66 Kg. NFS III took advantage of the multimedia capabilities of the CD-ROM by featuring audio commentary, picture slideshows and music videos. The eight divisions are: Men Up to and including 60Kg Over 60 Kg. It is the highest-selling of all Need for Speed games and is the most popular one.

Men and women compete separately (although they often train together), and there are several weight divisions. The objective was to unlock the rewards by winning races. Judo became an Olympic sport for men in 1964 and, with the persistence of an American woman by the name of Rusty Kanokogi and many others, a sport for women as well in 1988 (both years given were the years that Judo was a demonstration event followed by an official medal event 4 years later). Most cars and tracks were available at the beginning of the game. Although a fully featured martial art, judo has also developed as a sport. NFS III added Hot Pursuit mode, in which the player either attempted to outrun the police or be the cop, arresting speeders. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu remained rather aloof to later changes in international Judo rules which added emphasis to the standing phase of the fight, and thus remains a distinctive form of Judo to this day. The special edition of NFS II included one extra track, extra cars, and support for Glide, the then-burgeoning 3D graphics standard used in 3Dfx's Voodoo and Voodoo 2 graphics cards.

The terms Judo and Jiu-jitsu were at that time interchangeable. In addition, track design was more open-ended; players could now "drive" off the asphalt, and even cut across fields to take advantage of shortcuts. He taught Judo to Carlos Gracie (1902-94) and others in Brazil. Though the gameplay was arcade-like, the levels were intricately well designed. At this time, groundfighting (newaza) was very popular and not yet limited by the rules. Many fans of the first edition of Need for Speed were disappointed to find NFS II was arcade-like instead of preserving the realism of NFS. Mitsuo 'Count' Maeda introduced Judo to Brazil in the early 20th Century. A new racing mode was also introduced in NFS II dubbed Knockout, where the last racers to finish laps will be elimated until the only leading racer remains, and wins.

In Austria, Julius Fleck and others developed a system of throwing intended to extend Judo that they called Judo-do. NFS II featured some of the rarest and most exotic vehicles ever available, including the Ford Indigo concept vehicle, and features country-themed tracks from North America, Europe, Asia and Australia. Teaching in France, Mikonosuke Kawaishi developed an alternative approach to instruction that continued to teach many techniques banned in modern competition. This is the last game in the series to support DOS as future releases for the PC will only run on Microsoft Windows 95 or above. A sub-style of Kodokan Judo that developed in Japanese inter-scholastic competition is known as Kosen judo (高專柔道) with the same range of techniques but greater latitude permitted for Ne-waza (ground technique). The Windows 95 version supported DirectX 2 and TCP/IP networking, included 2 bonus tracks and various enhancements in the game engine. Kano took the name Judo from Jikishin Ryu Judo, which is an older school but not really seen outside of Japan. Available only on PC CD-ROM, it contained both a DOS and Windows 95 version.

Jigoro Kano's Kodokan Judo (講道館) is not the only style of judo. A little known edition of Need for Speed, Special Edition is sometimes considered as the lost episode of Need for Speed, though it wasn't significantly different from the 1995 PC release. The dan (black belt) ranks are awarded after doing an exam supervised by independent judges of the national judo association. The game also contained precise vehicle data with spoken commentary. Once both parts have been completed it is possible for a Judoka to be promoted. Electronic Arts teamed up with automotive magazine Road & Track to match vehicle behaviour, including the mimicking of the sounds made by the vehicles' gear control levers. Judokas also have to compete in a grading competition against people of a similar grade. The first installment of the NFS series was beyond doubt the only serious attempt to provide a realistic simulation of car handling and physics without arcade elements.

In most Western countries, Judokas have to pass an exam which is normally assesed by the Sensei (Teacher) within the Dojo. The initial version also featured an obnoxious opponent who taunted the player if the computer won the race or the player got arrested (which happened with the third ticket.). Corner judges on the corners of the mat also have a white and blue flag to indicate to which competitor a point should go when it is unclear whom it should be awarded to. The first version featured chases by police cars which remained a popular theme throughout the series - the so-called Hot Pursuit editions (Need for Speed III: Hot Pursuit, Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2 and Need for Speed: Most Wanted) have sold better in the marketplace than intervening versions. Points are also awarded to white or blue. The original Need for Speed was released for 3DO in 1994 with versions for PlayStation, PC (DOS), and Sega Saturn following shortly afterwards (1995 and 1996). In both cases this does not indicate their rank, but is to enable the judges and spectators to tell the opponents apart during a fight. Since then EA Blackbox has been NFS's primary developer.

In some competitions the older system whereby one competitor wears a white sash and the other a blue sash remains in place. Blackbox was acquired by Electronic Arts shortly before the game's publication and the company was renamed Electronic Arts Blackbox. In competition one judoka wears a blue suit while the other wears white. In 2002, another Vancouver-based gaming company, named Blackbox Software, was contracted to continue the series with the title Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2. Jigoro Kano was the inventor of the kyu - dan grading system, that soon got adapted by other martial arts such as karate. Electronic Arts Canada and Electronic Arts Seattle continued to develop, and expand the Need For Speed franchise for many years. Historically, a woman's belt had a white stripe at its centre in some countries, while in most of them this habit has been discontinued. The company capitalized on its experience in the domain when it began developing the Need For Speed series in late 1992.

All dan grades may wear the black belt; sixth- through eighth- dans may alternately wear a red-and-white belt, while those ranked ninth- dan and above may wear a solid red belt. Prior to EA Canada's purchase by Electronic Arts in 1991, the company was known as Distinctive Software, and had already created popular racing games such as Stunts and Test Drive II. In Japan, all adult kyu grades wear either white or brown belts. Need for Speed was originally developed by EA Canada, a game studio based in Vancouver, Canada. Some European countries additionally use a red belt to signify a complete beginner. . In the UK and most of Europe the belt grading colours run like this: White, Yellow, Orange, Green, Blue, Brown and then Black. The games consist of racing with various cars on various tracks.

In some countries, the nine colours run from grey through white, light blue, blue, yellow, orange, green, purple, and brown. Need for Speed (NFS) is a series of racing computer and video games by Electronic Arts released on platforms including personal computers, Nintendo, Xbox, Xbox 360, PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable consoles. Judoka are ranked according to skill and knowledge of judo, that grade being reflected in the colour of his belt: There are two divisions of grades, the student grades (kyu, 級), and the master grades (dan, 段). Because this allows a merciful exit to the match, injuries related to these holds are quite rare. When this occurs, the match is over, and the tapping player has lost, but the chokehold or joint lock ceases.

In randori and shiai (tournament) practice, when an opponent successfully executes a chokehold or joint lock, one "taps out" by tapping the mat or one's opponent at least twice in a manner that clearly indicates the submission. Also for reasons of safety, chokeholds, jointlocking - and the sacrifice (sutemi) techniques, which can be very spectacular, are often subject to age and/or rank restrictions; in the United States, one must be 13 or older to use chokeholds, and 17 or older, or hold the rank of Shodan (first grade black belt) or higher to use armlocks. Striking techniques (called atemi-waza) such as kicking and punching, along with knife and sword techniques are retained in the katas taught to higher ranking judoka (for instance, in the kime-no-kata), but are forbidden in contest (and usually prohibited in randori), for reasons of safety. In randori, players (known as judoka) may attack each other with any judo throw or grappling technique.

A kind of sparring is practiced in judo, known as randori (乱取り), meaning "free practice". The groundwork techniques are divided into: attacks against the joints or joint locks (kansetsu-waza, 関節技), strangleholds or chokeholds (shime-waza, 絞技), and holding or pinning techniques (osaekomi-waza, 押込技). Sacrifice techniques are divided into those in which the thrower falls directly backwards (ma-sutemi-waza, 真捨身技) and those in which he falls onto his side (yoko-sutemi-waza, 橫捨身技). Standing techniques are divided in hand techniques (te-waza, 手技), hip techniques (koshi-waza, 腰技) and foot/leg techniques (ashi-waza, 足技).

Nage-waza is divided in two groups of techniques, standing techniques (tachi-waza, 立技) and sacrifice techniques (sutemi-waza, 捨身技). While Judo includes a variety of rolls, falls, throws, pins, chokes, joint-locks, and methods of percussion, the primary focus is on throwing (nage-waza, 投げ技), and groundwork (ne-waza,寝技). In some matches, when there are not enough blue judogis availible, one judoka may be given a colored sash or alternately colored belt to differentiate himself from the other. Before competition, a blue judogi is assigned to one judoka per match for ease of distinction by judges and referee.

The jacket is intended to withstand the stresses of throwing and grappling, and is as a result much thicker than that of a karategi. The judogi consists of white cotton drawstring pants and a white quilted cotton jacket fastened by a colored belt indicative of kyu or dan rank. This judogi was created at the Kodokan and similar uniforms were later adopted by many other martial arts. Judoka (Judo practitioners) wear white cotton uniforms called Judogi (which means Judo uniform in Japanese) for practicing Judo.

This balanced theory of combat has made Judo a popular choice for many. Judo's balance between both the standing and ground phases of combat gives judoka the ability to take down opponents who are standing up and then pin and submit them on the ground. Judo's Balanced Approach to Fighting. Actual fighting, albeit within safety rules, is considered to be much more effective than only practicing techniques, since fighting full-strength develops the muscles and cardio-vascular system on the physical side of things, and it develops strategy and reaction time on the mental side of things.

Half the combat time is spent fighting on the ground, called ne-waza and the other half standing up, called tachi-waza. Judo emphasizes fighting (randori) as its main form of training. Fighting. They enable the one applying the choke to force the adversary into unconsciousness and even death.

Chokes/strangulations are Judo's deadliest techniques. Chokes/Strangulations. For these reasons Judo considers joint locks to be important techniques. Also, some joints, such the elbows, can be broken, maiming your adversary so he cannot any longer attack you effectively or put up a defence.

Joint locks are effective combat techniques since they enable you to control your opponent through pain-compliance. Even so, some Judoka still enjoy learning and fighting each other informally using these banned techniques. Over the years it was discovered that attacking those other joints would not only result in many injuries to the athletes, but also would gradually wear the joints down over time. In times past, Judo allowed many other joints to be attacked too such as the knees, spine and others.

Elbow locks are considered safe-enough to do at nearly full-force to induce a submission. Joint Locks. It is your job to break through his 'guard' and pin or submit him, and it is his job to submit you from where he is, to roll you over and get on top of you or to simply break out and get back up to his feet and fight from there if that is what he wants to do. Clearly you do not have control of him in this position even though you are 'on top', so it is not considered a pin.

Also, to make things even worse for you, there are various attacking techniques he can launch against you from this position, which is called 'Do-osae' (body squeeze) in Japanese and 'The Guard' in English. What if, for example, his friends who are nearby happen to drop in to 'pay you a little visit'? You won't be able to get away. However, if the person you are holding down has wrapped his legs around any part of your lower body or your trunk, he is pinning you as much as you are pinning him since you cannot get up and flee unless he lets go. This also flows from the theory that you will be striking a pinned opponent, and after 10 seconds will have possibly weakened him somewhat with strikes, at least enough to merit giving some points.

In a match, if you pin your opponent for less than 25 seconds you get points depending on how long, with the minimum being 10 seconds. The reason for requiring such a long pin is that in order to be able to hit the person underneath you effectively, you have to have full control of him for a long time. If a pin is held for 25 seconds, the person doing the pinning wins the match. Pins are considered important since in a real fight the person on top who has control of the person beneath can hit him with knees, forearms, the head and so on.

Pins. In the ground phase, which is considered the secondary phase of combat, the opponents try to hold, or get the opponant to submit either by using arm locks (leg locks are not allowed) or by chokes and strangulations. The Ground Phase. Therefore points are given for lesser throws in the standing phase of combat.

In actual fact, this kind of victory is very difficult to achieve if the opponents are equally matched. If a judoka executes a powerful yet fully controlled throw, he can win a match outright due to the theory that he has displayed enough superiority. Be that as it may, another reason to throw the opponent is to shock his body through smashing him forcefully onto the ground. Thus, the main reason for throwing the opponent is to control him and put yourself in a dominant position above him where you have more potential to inflict damage on him than he does on you.

The main purpose of the throwing techniques (nage waza) is to take an opponent who is standing on his feet, mobile and dangerous, down onto his back where he cannot move any more. punches, kicks etc) are not allowed due to their certainty of injury, but judoka are supposed to 'take them into consideration' while training by, for example, not fighting in a bent-over position for long, since this position is vulnerable to knee-strikes and others. Strikes (i.e. Some judoka, however, are very skilled in combining takedowns with submissions, where a submission technique is begun standing and finished on the ground.

Even though standing joint-lock and choke/strangulation submission techniques are legal in the standing phase, they are quite rare due to the fact that they are much harder to apply standing than throws are. In the standing phase, which is considered the initial phase, the opponents try to throw each other to the ground. The Standing Phase. Some judoka can become quite skilled in one phase and be rather weak in the other, depending on where their interests most lie, although most are rather balanced between the two.

Each phase requires its own mostly separate techniques, strategies, randori, conditioning and so on, although some special training is devoted to 'transitional' techniques to bridge the gap. Judo assumes that there are two main phases of combat: the standing (tachi-waza) and the ground (ne-waza) phase. Jujitsu techniques which relied solely on superior strength were discarded or adapted in favour of those which involved redirecting the opponent's force, off-balancing the opponent, or making use of superior leverage. Kano saw jujutsu as a disconnected bag of tricks, and sought to unify it according to some principle; he found it in the notion of "maximum efficiency".

For example, if the attacker was to push against his opponent he would find his opponent stepping to the side and allowing (usually with the aid of a foot to trip him up) his momentum to throw him forwards (the inverse being true for pulling). Judo takes from jujutsu ("gentle art") the principle of using one's opponent's strength against him and adapting well to changing circumstances. To English speakers, Judo and Jujutsu would mean "the easy way", as in the easiest way to accomplish something. Thus Judo literally means "the gentle way", or "the way of giving way", and may also be defined as "the way of suppleness", "the way of flexibility, or "the way of adaptability".

The word Judo is composed of two kanji: "ju", which means gentleness or giving way, and "dō" (道), meaning way of life (the same character as the Chinese "tao"). Although two years would pass before it would be called by that name, and Kano had not yet been accorded the title of "master" in the Kito ryu (起倒流) -- Iikubo would come to the temple to help teach three days per week, this was the founding of the Kodokan (講道館) or "place for learning the way.". At the age of 22, just about to finish his degree at the University, Kano took 9 students from Iikubo's school to study jujitsu under him at the Eishoji Temple. His thoughts were already on doing more than expanding the canons of Kito and Tenjin Shinyo Ryu; full of new ideas, in part as a result of his education, Kano had in mind a major reformation of jujutsu, with techniques based on sound scientific principles, and with focus on development of the body, mind, and character of young men in addition to development of martial prowess.

By this time, Kano was devising new techniques, such as the kata guruma ( or 'shoulder wheel', known as a fireman's carry to Western wrestlers who use(d) a slightly different form of this technique) and uki goshi (floating hip toss). Like Fukuda, Iikubo placed much emphasis on free practice; on the other hand, Kito Ryu emphasized throwing techniques to a much greater degree than Tenjin Shinyo Ryu. Iso, too, took ill, and Kano, feeling that he still had much to learn, took up another style, becoming a student of Tsunetoshi Iikubo of Kito Ryu. Through dedication, Kano quickly earned the title "shihan", or master, and became assistant instructor to Iso at the age of 21.

Kano then became a student in another Tenjin Shinyo school, that of Masatomo Iso, who put more emphasis on formal kata than did Fukuda. Little more than a year after Kano joined Fukuda's school, Fukuda took ill and died. Fukuda is said to have emphasized technique over formal exercise, sowing the seeds of Kano's emphasis of randori (乱取り), or free practice, in Judo. When he went off to the University to study literature at the age of 18, he continued his martial efforts, eventually gaining a referral to Hachinosuke Fukuda, a master of the Tenjin Shinyo Ryu (天神真楊流) and ancestor of noted Japanese/American judoka Keiko Fukuda, who is one of Kano's oldest surviving students.

He first started pursuing jujitsu (柔術), at that time a flourishing art, at the age of 17, but met with little success---in part due to difficulties finding a teacher who would take him on as a serious student. Kano was a small, frail boy, who, even in his twenties, did not weigh more than a hundred pounds, was often picked on by bullies. His grandfather was a self-made man, a sake brewer from Shiga prefecture in central Japan; however, Kano's father was not the eldest son and did not inherit the business, but instead became a Shinto priest and government official, with enough influence for his son to enter the second incoming class of Tokyo Imperial University. Kano was born into a well-to-do Japanese family.

The early history of Judo and that of its founder, Japanese polymath and educator Kano Jigoro (surname first in Japanese) (1860-1938), are inseparable. . Practitioners of Judo are called judoka. The sport became the model of the modern Japanese martial arts, gendai budo, developed from old koryu schools.

Jigoro Kano (嘉納治五郎) in 1882. Judo was developed from Jujutsu, and was founded by Dr. Judo (Japanese: 柔道, jūdō; "gentle way") is a martial art, sport, and philosophy originated in Japan.