This page will contain discussion groups about jibjab, as they become available.JibJabThe JibJab logo, with its Victorian era appearance, illustrates the influence of Terry Gilliam on the duo's animationJibJab is a website featuring Flash cartoons. It is run by two Americans, Gregg and Evan Spiridellis, who call themselves "the JibJab Brothers". When they are credited together (such as when they are co-directors), they call themselves Grevan Spiridellis, which is a combination of Gregg and Evan. In 2004 it became a parter of 180Solutions through Zango. Prior to Election 2004JibJab was started in 1999. The brothers had made several short films prior to the 2004 presidential election, including several Rumple sketches (Rumple was the President's three-inch tall imaginary friend) even though the website was not as well-known as it became when the "This Land" video was released. Some of these movies involved politics, such as Arnold Schwarzenegger's campaign for governor in California's 2003 recall election, and another one involved the 2000 presidential election. A few of the non-political cartoons are as follows:
Jibjab also featured a few extras on their site as well:
Cartoons made for various companies:
Election 2004"This Land"For the 2004 presidential election, JibJab created a Flash movie entitled This Land, which featured a parody of Woody Guthrie's song "This Land is Your Land", sung by animated caricatures of George W. Bush and John Kerry. This animation was an instant hit. Visits to the site skyrocketed, and the site was listed number one on Alexa's "Movers and Shakers" list. After being linked to on thousands of websites, the song was featured several times in the printed media and on television, including NBC Nightly News and ABC World News Tonight. On July 26, 2004, the creators appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. The popularity of the animation has resulted in The Richmond Organization, a music publisher that owns the copyright to Guthrie's tune through its Ludlow Music Unit, threatening legal action. JibJab and Ludlow Music reached a settlement after JibJab's attorneys unearthed evidence that the song had passed into the public domain in 1973. The terms of the settlement allowed for the continued distribution of This Land, with JibJab donating 20% of the net proceeds to the Woody Guthrie Foundation, as well as linking to the original song lyrics. A nod to this animation appeared in the movie Fun with Dick and Jane. The video features George Bush riding the nuclear bomb, a'la Slim Pickens in Dr. Strangelove. "Good to be in D.C."Due to the popularity of This Land a second parody, Good to be in D.C. featuring President George W. Bush, Former Democratic Presidential and Vice Presidential candidates John Kerry, John Edwards, Al Gore and Joseph Lieberman was made to the tune of Dixie. It also poked fun at Vice President Cheney's ties to Halliburton and former New Jersey Governor Jim McGreevey's coming out as a homosexual, Former President Bill Clinton in the arms of two women while his wife Hillary smacks him. And actress Jane Fonda dressed as a 1960s hippie protesting the Vietnam War and being set on fire. The cartoon was shown on The Tonight Show, The Today Show, and many other news programs. "Second Term"For the inauguration in January 2005, a third parody, "Second Term," featuring most of the political figures already mentioned, was made to the tune of "She'll Be Comin' 'Round the Mountain." The cartoon premiered on The Tonight Show. It dealt with the reactions to Bush's 2004 electoral victory, both in the US and around the world. Post-Election 2004"Matzah!"There's no Bush or Kerry, but this cartoon features a burning bush hip-hop Jew. Matzah features a hip-hop Hebrew, Smooth-E, rapping about matzah, the unleavened bread observant Jews eat during Passover. The main character is reminiscent of rapper Eminem, and appears in front of rap-video cliches. It also features a burning bush -- part of the story of Exodus, which is told at Passover -- but no George W. Bush. It was aired on The Tonight Show on Thursday, April 21, 2005. "Big Box Mart"Another criticizing cartoon, "Big Box Mart" follows Jibjab's tradition of lampooning big retailers. It premiered October 13, 2005 on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. It follows a man, representing the typical American consumer, who shops and purchases "crap" with "a walletful of credit cards" at a fictional store called Big-Box Mart to fulfill his "needs". Later the man's factory job is outsourced to another country, as it's cheaper to sell merchandise to retailers by using cheap foreign labor. He ends up as an employee at the big-box store he regularly shopped at, Big Box Mart, an obvious caricature of Wal-Mart. The cartoon is notable for containing the faces of approximately one thousand JibJab fans. The video is sung to the tune of Oh! Susanna. Jibjab and BudTheir new project is an advertisement campaign for Budweiser. More information on this partnership can be found by going to their site. "2-0-5"This cartoon, which premiered on the Tonight Show on December 15, 2005, is sung to the tune of "Auld Lang Syne" and "Turkey in the Straw". It depicts President George W. Bush singing about the many issues he has faced and allegedly caused during 2005 and how he is hoping that 2006 will be better. This page about jibjab includes information from a Wikipedia article. Additional articles about jibjab News stories about jibjab External links for jibjab Videos for jibjab Wikis about jibjab Discussion Groups about jibjab Blogs about jibjab Images of jibjab |
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Bush singing about the many issues he has faced and allegedly caused during 2005 and how he is hoping that 2006 will be better. [15]. It depicts President George W. The report did emphasise that TCO was only one factor in considering whether to use a particular IT platform, and also noted that as management and server software improved and became better packaged the overall picture that was being shown in their report could change. This cartoon, which premiered on the Tonight Show on December 15, 2005, is sung to the tune of "Auld Lang Syne" and "Turkey in the Straw". IDC also did not take into account specific application servers — servers that need low maintenance and are provided by a specific vendor — when they performed their study. More information on this partnership can be found by going to their site. They found that most Linux servers ran less workload per server than Windows 2000 servers and also found that none of the businesses they interviewed used 4-way SMP Linux computers. Their new project is an advertisement campaign for Budweiser. The report did not take into consideration the impact of downtime to the profitability of the business (although they did apply a 40% productivity factor, in order to recognize that employees are not entirely unproductive during periods of IT infrastructure downtime) though it did find that Linux servers had less unplanned downtime than Windows 2000 Servers. The video is sung to the tune of Oh! Susanna. The report also found that the greatest cost was not in the procurement of software and hardware, but in staffing costs and downtime. The cartoon is notable for containing the faces of approximately one thousand JibJab fans. They determined, however, that Linux had a better TCO than Windows 2000 when it came to web serving. He ends up as an employee at the big-box store he regularly shopped at, Big Box Mart, an obvious caricature of Wal-Mart. IDC determined that the four areas where Windows 2000 had a better TCO than Linux — over a period of five years for an average organization of 100 employees — were in the use of file, print, network infrastructure and security infrastructure. Later the man's factory job is outsourced to another country, as it's cheaper to sell merchandise to retailers by using cheap foreign labor. IDC's report was based on telephone interviews of IT executives and managers of 104 North American companies in which they determined what they were using for a specific workload for file, print, security and networking services. It follows a man, representing the typical American consumer, who shops and purchases "crap" with "a walletful of credit cards" at a fictional store called Big-Box Mart to fulfill his "needs". According to the report, Windows 2000 had a lower TCO for four infrastructure items and Linux had a lower TCO for web serving. It premiered October 13, 2005 on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. IDC looked at security and other infrastructure tasks, and Web Serving. Another criticizing cartoon, "Big Box Mart" follows Jibjab's tradition of lampooning big retailers. In October 2002, Microsoft commissioned IDC to determine the total cost of ownership (TCO) for enterprise applications on Windows 2000 versus the TCO of Linux on the same enterprise applications. It was aired on The Tonight Show on Thursday, April 21, 2005. [14]. Bush. The server that RIS runs on must be Windows 2000 Server and the server must be able to access a network DNS Service, a DHCP service and the Active Directory services. It also features a burning bush -- part of the story of Exodus, which is told at Passover -- but no George W. The remote computer must also meet the Net PC specification. The main character is reminiscent of rapper Eminem, and appears in front of rap-video cliches. [13] RIS requires that client computers are able to boot over the network via either a network interface card that has a Pre-Boot Execution Environment (PXE) boot ROM installed or that it has a network card installed that is supported by the remote boot disk generator. Matzah features a hip-hop Hebrew, Smooth-E, rapping about matzah, the unleavened bread observant Jews eat during Passover. This is required so that local accounts are given the right identifier and do not clash with other Windows 2000 Professional computers on a network. There's no Bush or Kerry, but this cartoon features a burning bush hip-hop Jew. Images do not have to support specific hardware configurations and the security settings can be configured after the computer reboots as the service generates a new unique security ID (SID) for the machine. It dealt with the reactions to Bush's 2004 electoral victory, both in the US and around the world. Remote Installation Services (RIS) are a means to automatically install Windows 2000 Professional (and not Windows 2000 Server) to a local computer over a network from a central server. For the inauguration in January 2005, a third parody, "Second Term," featuring most of the political figures already mentioned, was made to the tune of "She'll Be Comin' 'Round the Mountain." The cartoon premiered on The Tonight Show. Using SMS allows installations to happen over a wide geographical area and provides centralised control over upgrades to systems. The cartoon was shown on The Tonight Show, The Today Show, and many other news programs. Those operating systems that can be upgraded in this process must be running a version of Windows that can be upgraded (Windows NT 3.51, Windows NT 4, Windows 98 and Windows 95 OSR2.x) and those versions must be running the SMS client agent that can receive software installation operations. And actress Jane Fonda dressed as a 1960s hippie protesting the Vietnam War and being set on fire. Systems Management Server can be used to upgrade system to Windows 2000 to multiple systems. It also poked fun at Vice President Cheney's ties to Halliburton and former New Jersey Governor Jim McGreevey's coming out as a homosexual, Former President Bill Clinton in the arms of two women while his wife Hillary smacks him. If a system has different HALs, mass storage devices or ACPI support, then multiple images would need to be maintained. Bush, Former Democratic Presidential and Vice Presidential candidates John Kerry, John Edwards, Al Gore and Joseph Lieberman was made to the tune of Dixie. The primary reason for using Sysprep is for deploying Windows 2000 to a site that has standard hardware and that needs a fast method of installing Windows 2000 to those computers. Due to the popularity of This Land a second parody, Good to be in D.C. featuring President George W. This means that all applications and system configuration settings will be copied across to the new Windows 2000 installations, but it also means that the reference and target computers must have the same HALs, ACPI support, and mass storage devices — though Windows 2000 automatically detects plug and play devices. Strangelove. Sysprep allows the duplication of a disk image on an existing Windows 2000 Server installation to multiple servers. The video features George Bush riding the nuclear bomb, a'la Slim Pickens in Dr. The Winnt.exe program must also be passed a /unattend switch that points to a valid answer file and a /s file to point to the location of one or more valid installation sources. A nod to this animation appeared in the movie Fun with Dick and Jane. The hard drive does not need to be in the target computer and may be swapped out to it at any time, with hardware configuration still needing to be done later. The terms of the settlement allowed for the continued distribution of This Land, with JibJab donating 20% of the net proceeds to the Woody Guthrie Foundation, as well as linking to the original song lyrics. The Syspart method is started on a standardised reference computer — though the hardware need not be similar — and it copies the required installation files from the reference computer's hard drive to the target computer's hard drive. JibJab and Ludlow Music reached a settlement after JibJab's attorneys unearthed evidence that the song had passed into the public domain in 1973. Unattended installations can be performed via a bootable CD, using Microsoft Systems Management Server (SMS), via the System Preparation Tool (Sysprep), via running the Winnt32.exe program using the /syspart switch or via running the Remote Installation Service (RIS). The popularity of the animation has resulted in The Richmond Organization, a music publisher that owns the copyright to Guthrie's tune through its Ludlow Music Unit, threatening legal action. The Winnt.exe or Winnt32.exe program then uses that answer file to automate the installation. On July 26, 2004, the creators appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. Unattended installations are scripted via an answer file, or predefined script in the form of an INI file that has all the options filled in already. After being linked to on thousands of websites, the song was featured several times in the printed media and on television, including NBC Nightly News and ABC World News Tonight. An attended installation requires the manual intervention of an operator to choose options when installing the operating system. Visits to the site skyrocketed, and the site was listed number one on Alexa's "Movers and Shakers" list. Installations can be attended or unattended. This animation was an instant hit. It can be installed onto servers via traditional media (such as via CD) or via distribution folders that reside on a shared folder. Bush and John Kerry. Windows 2000 can be deployed to a site via various methods. For the 2004 presidential election, JibJab created a Flash movie entitled This Land, which featured a parody of Woody Guthrie's song "This Land is Your Land", sung by animated caricatures of George W. It also supports failover and load balancing. Cartoons made for various companies:. [12] A limited edition 64 bit version of Windows 2000 Advanced Server was made available via the OEM Channel. Jibjab also featured a few extras on their site as well:. It released Windows 2000 Professional, Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2000 Advanced Server and Windows Datacenter Server:. A few of the non-political cartoons are as follows:. Microsoft released various versions of Windows 2000 to cater to different markets and business needs. Some of these movies involved politics, such as Arnold Schwarzenegger's campaign for governor in California's 2003 recall election, and another one involved the 2000 presidential election. The types supported are mirrored volumes and RAID-5 volumes:. The brothers had made several short films prior to the 2004 presidential election, including several Rumple sketches (Rumple was the President's three-inch tall imaginary friend) even though the website was not as well-known as it became when the "This Land" video was released. Along with support for simple, spanned and striped volumes, the server family of Windows 2000 also supports fault tolerant volume types. JibJab was started in 1999. It also requires that one or more domain controllers exist to hold the Active Directory database and provide Active Directory directory services. . It requires that a DNS service that supports SRV resource records be installed, or that an existing DNS infrastructure be upgraded to support this functionality. In 2004 it became a parter of 180Solutions through Zango. Active Directory can only be installed on a Windows 2000 Server, Advanced Server or Datacenter Server computer, and cannot be installed on a Windows 2000 Professional computer. When they are credited together (such as when they are co-directors), they call themselves Grevan Spiridellis, which is a combination of Gregg and Evan. Groups of trees that do not exist within the same namespace can be linked together to form forests. It is run by two Americans, Gregg and Evan Spiridellis, who call themselves "the JibJab Brothers". Active Directory can organise groups of resources into a single domain and can link domains into a contiguous domain name space together to form trees. JibJab is a website featuring Flash cartoons. Active Directory Networks can vary from a small installation with a few hundred objects, to a large installation with millions of objects. Kraft. This allows all of the information and computer settings about an organization to be stored in a central, organized database. Sony. Active Directory stores information about its users and can act in a similar manner to a phone book. Fart Waffle. Active Directory allows administrators to assign enterprise wide policies, deploy programs to many computers, and apply critical updates to an entire organization, and is one of the main reasons why many corporations have moved to Windows 2000. The History of Jibjab. [11]. Turkey Baseball. The file and root information is replicated via the Microsoft File Replication Service (FRS). The Dick Johnson Show. DFS roots that exist on a domain must be hosted on a domain controller or on a domain member server. Riddle King. Domain-based DFS roots exist within Active Directory and can have their information distributed to other domain controllers within the domain — this provides fault tolerance to DFS. Hoola Boy. Standalone DFS allows for only DFS roots that exist on the local computer, and thus does not use Active Directory. Nookie & Wheels. There can be two ways of implementing DFS on Windows 2000: through standalone DFS, or through domain-based DFS. Exit 109. A DFS root can only exist on a Windows 2000 version that is part of the server family, and only one DFS root can exist on that server. Raps!. When users try to access a share that exists off the DFS root, the user is really looking at a DFS link and the DFS server transparently redirects them to the correct file server and share. Sandbox. The Distributed File System, or DFS, allows shares in multiple different locations to be logically grouped under one folder, or DFS root. Geezers. They all have advanced functionality not found in Windows 2000 Professional, among these features are support for DFS, Active Directory and advanced fault-tolerant volumes. Nasty Santa. The Windows 2000 server family consists of Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2000 Advanced Server and Windows 2000 Datacenter Server. The console can be accessed in one of two ways:. The commands are limited to ones for checking and repairing the hard drive(s), repairing boot information (including NTLDR), replacing corrupted system files with fresh copies from the CD, or enabling/disabling services and drivers for the next boot. It presents itself as a simple command line interface. It is usually used, however, to recover the system from errors causing booting to fail, which would render other tools useless. The Recovery Console is an application that is run from outside the installed copy of Windows and that enables a user to perform maintenance tasks that cannot be run from inside of the installed copy, or cannot be feasibly run from another computer or copy of Windows 2000. [10]. It can also repopulate and repair all the files in the Dllcache folder. It is a command line utility that scans system files and verifies whether they were signed by Microsoft and works in conjunction with the Windows File Protection mechanism. The System File Checker (SFC) also comes bundled with Windows 2000. Windows XP was the first system to integrate these two programs into one, adopting the REGEDIT.EXE behavior with the additional NT functionality. Therefore, the only way to access the full functionality of an NT registry was with REGEDT32.EXE, which uses the older multiple document interface (MDI), which newer versions of regedit do not use. Because REGEDIT.EXE was directly ported from Windows 98, it does not support permission editing (permissions do not exist in Windows 9x). REGEDT32.EXE was also written for the Win32 API and requires all actions to be performed from the top menu bar. REGEDIT.EXE was written for the Win32 API and supports right-clicking of entries in a tree view to adjust properties and other settings. REGEDT32.EXE represents them as a list of strings. REGEDIT.EXE represents the three components of a value (its name, type, and data) as separate columns of a table. REGEDT32.EXE has a left-side tree view, but each hive has its own window, so the tree displays only keys. REGEDIT.EXE has a left-side tree view that begins at "My Computer" and lists all loaded hives. One acts like the Windows 9x REGEDIT.EXE program and the other could edit registry permissions in the same manner that Windows NT's REGEDT32.EXE program could. Windows 2000 comes bundled with two utilities to edit the Windows registry. Lastly, it also contains a services viewer, which allows users to view all installed services and to stop and start them on demand, as well as configure what those services should do when the computer starts. It also contains a disk management snap-in, which contains a disk defragmenter as well as other disk management utilities. This contains the event viewer — a means of seeing events and the Windows equivalent of a log file, a system information viewer, the ability to view open shared folders and shared folder sessions, a device manager and a tool to view all the local users and groups on the Windows 2000 computer. The main tools that come with Windows 2000 can be found in the Computer Management console (found in Administrative Tools in the Control Panel). [9]. User mode consoles can have full access granted user so they can make whatever changes they desire, can have limited access so that users cannot add to the console but they can view multiple windows in a console, or they can have limited access so that users cannot add to the console and also cannot view multiple windows in a console. User mode allows consoles to be distributed with restrictions applied. Author mode allows snap-ins to be added, new windows to be created, all portions of the console tree can be displayed and for consoles to be saved. In order to provide the ability to control what snap-ins can be seen in a console, the MMC allows consoles to be created in author mode or created in user mode. Snap-ins can be either standalone (performs one function), or extensions (adds functionality to an existing snap-in). Each console can contain one or many specific administrative tools, called snap-ins. Each of the tools is called a console, and most consoles allow an administrator to administer other Windows 2000 computers from one centralised computer. Windows 2000 introduced the Microsoft Management Console (MMC), which is used to create, save, and open administrative tools. [8] It also has support for many different locales, a list of which can be found on Microsoft's website. It supports Arabic, Armenian, Baltic, Central European, Cyrillic, Georgian, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, Simplified Chinese, Thai, Traditional Chinese, Turkic, Vietnamese and Western European languages. Windows 2000 has support for many languages other than English. They included several utilities designed to make the system more accessible:. Microsoft made an effort to increase the usability of Windows 2000 for people with visual and auditory impairments and other disabilities. Windows 2000 also added support for iSCSI protocol. All versions of Windows 2000 support three types of dynamic disk volumes (along with basic storage): simple volumes, spanned volumes and striped volumes:. Windows 2000 introduced the Logical Disk Manager for dynamic storage. [7] Also, in case of a user losing access to their key, support for recovery agents that can decrypt files has been built in to the EFS system. Because this is done at the file system level, it is transparent to the user. It then uses the symmetric key to decrypt the file. To decrypt the file, the file system uses the private key of the user to decrypt the symmetric key that is stored in the file header. The symmetric key that is used to encrypt the file is then encrypted with a public key that is associated with the user who encrypted the file, and this encrypted data is stored in the header of the encrypted file. EFS works by encrypting a file with a bulk symmetric key (also known as the File Encryption Key, or FEK), which is used because it takes a relatively smaller amount of time to encrypt and decrypt large amounts of data than if an asymmetric key cipher is used. As of February 2004, its encryption has not been compromised. EFS works in conjunction with the EFS service, Microsoft's CryptoAPI and the EFS File System Run-Time Library (FSRTL). It allowed any folder or drive on an NTFS volume to be encrypted transparently to the end user. The Encrypting File System (EFS) introduced strong encryption into the Windows file world. Volume mount points and directory junctions allow for a file to be transparently referred from one file or directory location to another. Reparse points are used to implement Volume Mount Points, Directory Junctions, Hierarchical Storage Management, Native Structured Storage and Single Instance Storage. Reparse points allow the object manager to reset a file namespace lookup and let file system drivers implement changed functionality in a transparent manner. Sparse files allow for the efficient storage of data sets that are very large yet contain many areas that only have zeroes. Microsoft released the third version of the NT File System (NTFS) — also known as version 5.0 — in Windows 2000; this introduced quotas, file-system-level encryption (called EFS), sparse files and reparse points. In order to improve performance on computers running Windows 2000 as a server operating system, Microsoft gave administrators the choice of optimising the operating system for background services or for applications. Users have the option of dumping the first 64KB of memory to disk (the smallest amount of memory that is useful for debugging purposes, also known as a minidump), a dump of only the kernel's memory or a dump of the entire contents of memory to disk, as well as write that this event happened to the Windows 2000 event log. [6] Microsoft recognised that the infamous Blue Screen of Death (or stop error) could cause serious problems for servers that needed to be constantly running and so provided a system setting that would allow the server to automatically reboot when a stop error occurred. This prevents programs (with the exception of Microsoft's update programs) from replacing critical Windows system files and thus making the system inoperable. As well as these features, Microsoft introduced a new feature to protect critical system files, called Windows File Protection (WFP). Windows 2000 also has several standard system utilities included as standard. Certain features are common across all versions of Windows 2000 (both Professional and the Server versions), among them being NTFS 5, the Microsoft Management Console (MMC), the Encrypting File System (EFS), dynamic and basic disk storage, usability enhancements and multi-language and locale support. The lowest level drivers are either legacy Windows NT device drivers that control a device directly or can be a PnP hardware bus. The Windows Driver Model (WDM) exists in the intermediate layer and was mainly designed to be binary and source compatible between Windows 98 and Windows 2000. Kernel mode drivers exist in three levels: highest level drivers, intermediate drivers and low level drivers. [5] The microkernel is also responsible for initialising device drivers at bootup that are necessary to get the operating system up and running. The microkernel often interfaces with the process manager. The microkernel sits between the HAL and the executive and provides multiprocessor synchronization, thread and interrupt scheduling and dispatching, trap handling and exception dispatching. The HAL includes hardware specific code that controls I/O interfaces, interrupt controllers and multiple processors. It was designed to hide differences in hardware and therefore provide a consistent platform to run applications on. The Windows 2000 Hardware Abstraction Layer, or HAL, is a layer between the physical hardware of the computer and the rest of the operating system. It contains various components, including:. It deals with I/O, object management, security and process management. The executive interfaces with all the user mode subsystems. The kernel mode stops user mode services and applications from accessing critical areas of the operating system that they should not have access to. Kernel mode in Windows 2000 has full access to the hardware and system resources of the computer. It consists of a security subsystem (grants/denies access and handles logons), workstation service (helps the computer gain network access) and a server service (lets the computer provide network services). The integral subsystem looks after operating system specific functions on behalf of the environment subsystem. There are three main environment subsystems:. These applications, however, run at a lower priority than kernel mode processes. The environment subsystem was designed to run applications written for many different types of operating systems. Two subsystems make up the user mode layer of Windows 2000: the environment subsystem and the integral subsystem. User mode in Windows 2000 is made of subsystems capable of passing I/O requests to the appropriate kernel mode drivers by using the I/O manager. All user mode applications access system resources through the executive which runs in kernel mode. Such programs are limited in terms of what system resources they have access to, while the kernel mode has unrestricted access to the system memory and external devices. The user mode refers to the mode in which user programs are run. Windows 2000 is a highly modular system that consists of two main layers: a user mode and a kernel mode. The worms have also had political consequences as many companies in several countries started to call for government action to prevent further damages from Windows worms. In August 2003, two major worms named the Sobig worm and the Blaster worm began to attack millions of Microsoft Windows computers, resulting in the largest down-time and clean-up cost ever. Code Red and Code Red II were famous (and highly visible to the worldwide press) computer worms that exploited vulnerabilities of the indexing service of Windows 2000's Internet Information Services (IIS). Several notable security flaws have been found in Windows 2000. The only elements of the Windows project which were included in Windows 2000 were the ability to upgrade from Windows 95 or Windows 98, and support for the FAT32 file system. Windows Me was released as a substitute, and the Neptune project was forwarded to the production of Whistler (Windows XP). However, the project lagged in production time – and only one alpha release was built. Windows Neptune started development in 1999, and was supposed to be the home-user edition of Windows 2000. Microsoft has replaced Windows 2000 Server products with Windows Server 2003, and Windows 2000 Professional with Windows XP Professional. Windows 2000 has since been superseded by newer Microsoft operating systems. Microsoft phased out all development of their Java Virtual Machine (JVM) from Windows 2000 in Service Pack 3. Microsoft has stated that they will not release a Service Pack 5, but instead, have offered an "Update Rollup" for Service Pack 4. Microsoft released Service Pack 1 (SP1) on August 15, 2000, Service Pack 2 (SP2) on May 16, 2001, Service Pack 3 (SP3) on August 29, 2002 and its last Service Pack (SP4) on June 26, 2003. [3] On September 29, 2000, Microsoft released Windows 2000 Datacenter. Novell, however, was not so impressed with Microsoft's new directory service architecture as they found it to be less scalable or reliable than their own Novell Directory Services (NDS) technology. [2] The public received the full version of Windows 2000 on February 17, 2000 and the press immediately hailed it as the most stable operating system Microsoft had ever released. From here Microsoft issued three release candidates from between July to November 1999 and finally released the operating system to partners on December 12, 1999. The first beta for Windows 2000 was released on September 27, 1997 and several further betas were released until Beta 3 which was released on April 29, 1999. [1] It was also the first Windows version that was released without a code name, though Windows 2000 Service Pack 1 was codenamed "Asteroid" and Windows 2000 64-bit was codenamed "Janus" (not to be confused with Windows 3.1, which had the same codename). Originally called Windows NT 5, Microsoft changed the name to Windows 2000 on October 27th, 1998. Windows 2000 originally descended from the Microsoft Windows NT operating system product line. . Unattended installations rely on the use of answer files to fill in installation information, and can be performed through a bootable CD using Microsoft Systems Management Server (SMS), by the System Preparation Tool (Sysprep). Windows 2000 can be installed and deployed to an enterprise through either an attended or unattended installation. The Windows 2000 Server family has enhanced functionality, including the ability to provide Active Directory services (a hierarchical framework of resources), Distributed file system (a file system that supports sharing of files) and fault-redundant storage volumes. Dynamic disk storage allows different types of volumes to be used. All versions of the operating system support the Windows NT filesystem, NTFS 5, the Encrypted File System (EFS), as well as basic and dynamic disk storage. Support for people with disabilities has also been improved by Microsoft across their Windows 2000 line, and they have included increased support for different languages and locale information. All versions of Windows 2000 have common functionality, including many system utilities such as the Microsoft Management Console (MMC) and standard system management applications such as a disk defragmentation utility. The kernel mode provides unrestricted access to system resources and facilitates the user mode, which is heavily restricted and designed for most applications. Windows 2000 is classified as a hybrid-kernel operating system, and its architecture is divided into two modes: user mode and kernel mode. Additionally, Microsoft offers Windows 2000 Advanced Server- Limited Edition, which released in 2001 and runs on 64-bit Intel Itanium microprocessors. Windows 2000 comes in four versions: Professional, Server, Advanced Server, and Datacenter Server. It is part of the Microsoft Windows NT line of operating systems and was released on February 17, 2000. Windows 2000 (also referred to as Win2K, W2K or Windows NT 5.0) is a preemptible and interruptible, graphical, business-oriented operating system that was designed to work with either uniprocessor or symmetric multi-processor (SMP) 32-bit Intel x86 computers. Approximately 1 GB of available disk space. 256 MB of RAM - up to 64 GB is supported in one machine. A Pentium-class CPU at 400 MHz or higher - up to 32 are supported in one machine. Its system requirements are normal, but are compatible with vast amounts of power:
It offers clustering infrastructure for high availability and scalability of applications and services, including main memory support of up to 8 gigabytes (GB) on Page Address Extension (PAE) systems and the ability to do 8-way SMP. Windows 2000 Advanced Server is a variant of Windows 2000 Server operating system designed for medium-to-large businesses. Furthermore, Windows 2000 introduced a DNS server which allows dynamic registration of IP addresses. This also provided a purely transitive-trust relationship between Windows 2000 domains in a forest (a collection of one or more Windows 2000 domains that share a common schema, configuration, and global catalogue, being linked with two-way transitive trusts). Additionally, Microsoft integrated Kerberos network authentication, replacing the often-criticised NTLM authentication system used in previous versions. A significant component of the server products is Active Directory, which is an enterprise-wide directory service based on LDAP. Windows 2000 Server products share the same user interface with Windows 2000 Professional, but contain additional components for running infrastructure and application software. It supports up to two processors, and can address up to 4 GBs of RAM. It offers greater security and stability than many of the previous Windows desktop operating systems. It is the basic unit of Windows 2000, and the most common. Windows 2000 Professional was designed as the desktop operating system for businesses and power users. Should a disk fail in the array, the parity blocks from the surviving disks are combined mathematically with the data blocks from the surviving disks to reconstruct the data on the failed drive "on-the-fly" (this works with various levels of success). RAID-5 volumes: a RAID-5 volume consists of multiple disks, and it uses block-level striping with parity data distributed across all member disks. Mirrored volumes are also known as RAID-1. This means that if one disk fails, the data can be totally recovered from the other disk. Mirrored volumes: the volume contains several disks, and when data is written to one it is mirrored to the other disks. However, the console can then only be used if the system boots to the point where NTLDR can start it. Installing the Recovery Console via Winnt32.exe, with the /cmdcons switch. Starting from the Windows 2000 CD, and choosing to enter the Recovery Console instead of continuing with setup, or. SoundSentry: designed to help users with auditory impairments, Windows 2000 will show a visual effect when a sound is played through the sound system. High contrast theme: to assist users with visual impairments. Narrator: Microsoft Narrator assists users with visual impairments with system messages, as when these appear the narrator will read this out via the sound system. On screen magnifier: assists users with visual impairments by magnifying the part of the screen they place their mouse over. Normally the modifier key must remain pressed down to activate the sequence. StickyKeys: makes modifier keys (ALT, CTRL and SHIFT) become "sticky" — in other words a user can press the modifier key, release that key and then press the combination key. SerialKeys: gives Windows 2000 the ability to support speech augmentation devices. On screen keyboard: assists those who are not familiar with a given keyboard by allowing them to use a mouse to enter characters to the screen. MouseKeys: allows the cursor to be moved around the screen via the numeric keypad instead of the mouse. ToggleKeys: when turned on, Windows will play a sound when either the CAPS LOCK, NUM LOCK or SCROLL LOCK keys are pressed. RepeatKeys: allows users to slow down the rate at which keys are repeated via the keyboard's keyrepeat feature. BounceKeys: multiple keystrokes to one key to be ignored within a certain timeframe. SlowKeys: Windows is told to disregard keystrokes that are not held down for a certain time period. FilterKeys: These are a group of keyboard related support for people with typing issues, and include:
Spanned volumes: multiple disks spanning up to 32 disks. Simple volume: this is a volume with disk space from one disk. The Window Manager component of this driver is responsible for drawing windows and menus while the GDI (graphical device interface) component is responsible for tasks such as drawing lines and curves, rendering fonts and handling palettes. The display system is handled by a device driver contained in Win32k.sys. Power Manager: the power manager coordinates power events and generates power IRPs. PnP Manager: handles Plug and Play and supports device detection and installation at boot time. Process Manager: handles process and thread creation and termination. Virtual Memory Manager: manages virtual memory, allowing Windows 2000 to use the hard disk as a primary storage device (although strictly speaking it is secondary storage). IPC Manager: short for Interprocess Communication Manager, manages the communication between clients (the environment subsystem) and servers (components of the executive). [4]. Security Reference Monitor (SRM): the primary authority for enforcing the security rules of the security integral subsystem. I/O Manager: allows devices to communicate with user-mode subsystems by translating user-mode read and write commands and passing them to device drivers. This essentially is a resource management infrastructure service that allows Windows 2000 to be an object oriented operating system. Object manager: a special executive subsystem that all other executive subsystems must pass through to gain access to Windows 2000 resources. POSIX environment subsystem supports applications that are strictly written to either the POSIX.1 standard or the related ISO/IEC standards. OS/2 environment subsystem supports 16-bit character-based OS/2 applications and emulates OS/2 1.3 and 1.x, but not 2.x or later OS/2 applications. Win32 subsystem runs 32-bit Windows applications and also supports Virtual DOS Machines (VDMs), which allows MS-DOS and 16-bit Windows 3.x (Win16) applications to run on Windows. |