IKEA

. Paris hosted the 1900 and 1924 Olympic Games. "Socialistic" in nature, IKEA attempts to elevate public taste by providing quality goods at affordable prices. The 80,000-seat Stade de France was built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup and is used for football and rugby. As pointed out by circuit lecturer Will Novosedlik, IKEA embodies the principles of design reform begun by William Morris and John Ruskin. Paris's main sports clubs are the football club Paris Saint-Germain, the basketball team Paris Basket Racing and the Rugby union club Stade Français. IKEA was named one of the 100 Best Companies for Working Mothers in 2004 by Working Mothers magazine. Paris is home to some of the most famous and luxurious brand names in the fashion industry like Louis Vuitton, Chanel, Hermès, Dior and Givenchy.

Some criticisms of IKEA:. The most prestigious are probably the Hôtel de Crillon on Place de la Concorde, and the nearby Hôtel Ritz Paris on Place Vendôme. Another reason could be to make it difficult to acquire IKEA. Paris also hosts a number of famous hotels. This complicated structure is seen by some as an attempt to avoid Sweden's high taxation at the time. Galeries Lafayette, Samaritaine (currently closed) or Printemps, are remarkable not only for the wide range of items they sell but also for their 19th-century or Art Nouveau architecture. INGKA Holding BV is wholly owned by Stichting INGKA Foundation, which is a foundation registered in the Netherlands. Its department stores, e.g.

INGKA Holding BV is the ultimate parent company for all IKEA Group companies, including the industrial group Swedwood. Paris is famous for gastronomical establishments like Fauchon (delicatessen), near the Église de la Madeleine, or Berthillon (ice cream) on Île-Saint-Louis. The remaining 22 are run by franchisees outside of the IKEA Group.[8].
. Of the 202 IKEA stores in 32 countries, 180 are run by the IKEA Group. On the western and eastern perimeters respectively are the two "forests", the Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes. The operator/franchisee of the majority of the stores worldwide is a separate entity, the IKEA Group, a private group of companies owned by a Dutch charitable foundation. During the Second Empire, Napoleon III created three vast gardens on the outskirts of Paris: Montsouris, Buttes Chaumont in the northeast, and Parc Monceau, formerly known as the folie de Chartres, in the northwest.

Despite IKEA's Swedish roots, the owner/franchiser of the IKEA concept is a Dutch company, Inter IKEA Systems BV. Two of Paris's most famous gardens are the Tuileries Garden on the banks of the Seine next to the Louvre and the centrally-located Luxembourg Garden, which used to belong to a château built for the Marie de' Medici. Returned, damaged and formerly showcased products which are not in "as new" condition are displayed here, and sold with a discount. Other notable cemeteries include Cimetière de Montmartre, Cimetière du Montparnasse, Cimetière de Passy and the Catacombs of Paris. Most IKEA stores also offer an "as-is" area at the end of the warehouse just prior to the cashiers. Many of Paris's illustrious historical figures have found rest in Père Lachaise Cemetery. the ingredients) at these stores and assemble it (that is, simple, straightforward food preparation) at home.
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As would be expected with IKEA, you can buy IKEA's specialities, such as Swedish meatballs, in parts (i.e. Lastly, art and artifacts from the Middle Ages and Impressionist eras are kept in Musée Cluny and Musée d'Orsay respectively, the former with the prized tapestry cycle The Lady and the Unicorn. Outside of Sweden, these restaurants are sometimes complemented by mini-shops selling Swedish-made, Swedish-style groceries. Starkly apparent with its service-pipe exterior, the Centre Georges Pompidou, also known as Beaubourg, houses the Musée National d'Art Moderne. The restaurant area is usually the one place in the store where there are large windows. Works by Pablo Picasso and Rodin are found in Musée Picasso and Musée Rodin respectively, while the artistic community of Montparnasse is chronicled at the Musée du Montparnasse. Many stores include restaurants serving typically Swedish food, and beverages such as lingonberry juice. The Louvre is one of the largest and most famous museums, housing many works of art, including the Mona Lisa (La Joconde) and the Venus de Milo statue.

However, there are few complaints about being able to collect goods quicker from the customer warehouses.
. Unfortunately, this occasionally results in customers being unable to find the goods they paid for at the cashier without direction from staff and the impression of queueing twice (once at the cashier, once at the external warehouse). Other than the Eiffel Tower, the lone skyscraper Tour Montparnasse and Basilica of the Sacré Cœur on the hill Montmartre are easily visible from many locations around the city, while the window-shaped Grande Arche in La Défense marks the west. Some stores operate separate additional warehouses for the larger or less popular flatpacks to keep the size of the customer warehouse down (and therefore less daunting) and allow more stock to be kept on-site at any given time. The three most famous landmarks of Paris are almost certainly the Eiffel Tower, originally a "temporary" construction for the 1889 Universal Exposition, the Arc de Triomphe, commissioned by Napoleon Bonaparte and the cathedral Notre Dame de Paris, a 12th-century ecclesiastical masterpiece. stores place the showroom upstairs and the marketplace and warehouse both downstairs. Traffic in Paris is notoriously heavy, slow and tiresome.

Whilst the original design involved the warehouse on the lower level and the showroom and markethall on the upper, some stores are single-level bungalow-style stores while many U.S. Most of these 'Portes' have parking areas and a metro station, where non-residents are advised to leave cars. In addition, the shortcuts are heavily criticized for not being long enough for convenience. On/off ramps of the Périphérique are called 'Portes', as they correspond to the former city gates in these fortifications. However, though they may be indicated on store maps, these shortcuts are often not obvious so an inexperienced IKEA shopper is likely to overlook them and travel through the whole layout of the store. The city is also the hub of France's motorway network, and is surrounded by an orbital road, the Périphérique, which roughly follows the path of final, 19th-century fortifications around Paris. Recently, in some stores, shortcuts have been introduced between various sections, making travel time through the store much shorter if necessary. official site Members of the syndicate include the RATP, which operates the Parisian and some suburban busses, the Métro, and sections of the RER; the SNCF, which operates the rest of the RER and the suburban train lines; and other operators.

This design is intended to make customers encounter products which they might not have thought to look for, but has the disadvantage of inconveniencing consumers who already know what they want to buy and just want to return to the warehouse area. Administratively speaking, the public transportation networks of the Paris region are coordinated by the Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France (STIF), formerly Syndicat des transports parisiens (STP). The sequence involves going through furniture showrooms (showroom) and housewares (market-hall) first, then the warehouse where one collects flatpacks for products seen in the showrooms, and then the cashier. A third line along the southern inner orbital road is currently under construction. They are often designed around a mandatory "one-way" layout which forces consumers to traverse nearly all parts of the store before reaching the cashier or check-out stands. There are two tangential tramway lines in the suburbs: Line T1 runs from Saint-Denis to Noisy-le-Sec, line T2 runs from La Défense to Issy. Newer IKEA stores are usually very large blue boxes with few windows. This latter is a network of 380 stations (more than the London Underground) connected by 221.6km of rails.

[7]. Six major railway stations, Gare du Nord, Gare Montparnasse, Gare de l'Est, Gare de Lyon, Gare d'Austerlitz, and Gare Saint-Lazare connect this train network to the world famous and highly efficient underground metro system, the Métro. The first of these will be in Coventry. Paris is a central hub of the national rail network of very fast (TGV) and normal (Corail) trains, which interconnects with a high-speed regional network, the RER. [5] [6] In January 2006 it announced plans to create 10 extra smaller outlets, to be based in city centres. Le Bourget airport nowadays only hosts business jets, air trade shows and the aerospace museum. It applied for judicial review but lost in 2005. A third and much smaller airport, at the town of Beauvais, 70 km (45 mi) to the north of the city, is used by charter and low-cost airlines.

IKEA was vetoed planning permission for a further store in England in 2004 (to be based in Stockport in Greater Manchester) by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. Paris is served by two principal airports: Orly Airport, which is south of Paris, and the Charles de Gaulle International Airport in nearby Roissy-en-France, one of the busiest in Europe. Over 300,000 visitors were expected on the first weekend of operation. "Greater Paris"). IKEA employees indicated that on the first Saturday of operation, the Stoughton store would have sales of $1-1.2M. The current socialist municipality of Paris is pushing forward the idea of a loose "metropolitan conference" (conférence métropolitaine), while some in the right wing opposition propose the creation of a more integrated Grand Paris (i.e. Nearby highways were at a standstill; approaching the store from less than 1 mile took upwards of an hour. There are currently plans to create a metropolitan structure that would cover the city of Paris and some of its suburbs in order to increase administrative efficiency.

The Stoughton, Massachusetts store opened on 9 November 2005. The hundreds of suburban communes around the city of Paris also each have their separate administrations, which accounts for the extreme complexity of the Île-de-France administrative grid. The first person in line had been there a week. The city of Paris, the seven départements of petite couronne and grande couronne, and the Île-de-France région all have their own separate administrations. That store is its first in the Southeast U.S., its third-largest in North America, and the only one to serve grits. It is made up of eight départements: the city of Paris itself (as a département), the three départements of the petite couronne already mentioned, and another concentric circle of four larger départements (Val-d'Oise (95), Yvelines (78), Essonne (91) and Seine-et-Marne (77)) which form the grande couronne. Minding the above problems, the store at Atlantic Station in Atlanta opened on 29 June 2005 with 20 off-duty police officers directing traffic. This région encompasses the city of Paris, its suburbs, and most of the commuting belt beyond.

In Saudi Arabia three people were crushed to death in September 2004 when IKEA offered a limited number of $150 vouchers for free. Paris is also the préfecture, or capital city, of the Île-de-France région which was created in 1976, replacing a District of the Paris Region which had been created in 1961. The store was re-opened at 5pm on 11 February 2005 with no additional incident. On the other hand, the jurisdiction of the Prefecture of Paris, previously called Prefecture of the Seine (before 1968), is now strictly limited to the city of Paris. The store was closed after only 30 minutes (due to the large number of customers, there were inadequate security staff and police). The Prefecture of Police jurisdiction, which used to be the whole Seine département, is now limited to Paris proper, but for some matters (such as fire protection or rescue operations) it still covers the three départements of the petite couronne. It attracted over 6,000 visitors due to huge opening discounts in the first three opening hours and resulted in a number of casualties as people were crushed in the rush to get into the store. "large ring") of the more distant suburbs of Paris.

A new store opened in Edmonton, North London at midnight on 10 February 2005. "small ring"), as opposed to the grande couronne (i.e. IKEA's most popular store in Brent Park, London frequently has traffic jams on the weekends. In 1968, Seine was split into four new départements: the city of Paris proper (which retained the number 75) and three départements (Hauts-de-Seine (92), Seine-Saint-Denis (93) and Val-de-Marne (94)) forming a ring around Paris often called petite couronne (i.e. When an IKEA opened in Tempe, Arizona in November 2004, the traffic jams on Interstate 10 were so severe that the Arizona Department of Public Safety had to close the nearest off-ramp to the store just to spread out the traffic among other nearby off-ramps. Number 75 was once the official number of the Seine département, which encompassed the city of Paris and its nearest suburbs. Emeryville police were forced to manually direct traffic daily for three months. The prefect of Paris is at the same time regional prefect of Île-de-France, in charge of some economic development and urban planning issues for the whole région of Île-de-France, which encompasses Paris and all its suburbs.

For example, when an IKEA opened in April 2000 in Emeryville, California, the traffic was so severe that most local traffic lights were rendered useless. The State appointed prefect of Paris, not to be confused with the above mentioned prefect of Police, is the representative of the French State in the Paris département, in charge of the control of legality, as is the case in other French départements. The handful of American cities which accepted IKEA stores were delighted by the subsequent surge in sales tax revenue, yet dismayed at the accompanying surge in traffic congestion. The Council of Paris, presided by the Mayor of Paris, is the single council for both authorities, meeting either as municipal council (conseil municipal) or as departmental council (conseil général) depending on the issue to be debated. Because they have few stores, they often drew consumers from out-of-state. As well as being a single commune, the city of Paris is also a département (official number: 75), which is a unique status in France solely introduced for the capital city. before the United Kingdom and other European countries, IKEA had very few stores until recently. Paris has yet to completely emerge from the centralized administrative system created by Napoleon in 1800: public order is still in the hands of the State appointed prefect of Police (as is the Paris Fire Brigade) and Paris has no municipal police force, although it does have its own traffic wardens.

Although they were in the U.S. The Council of Paris elects the mayor of Paris, a position created in 1977. Like all big-box stores, IKEA stores draw consumers from a very large area. A selection of members from each arrondissement council form the Council of Paris (Conseil de Paris). IKEA's goals of sustainability and environmental design in their merchandise may be trumped by the impact a new IKEA store can have on a community:. Citizens of each arrondissement elect a local council (conseil d'arrondissement), which in turn elects the mayor of the arrondissement. Company founder Ingvar Kamprad, who is dyslexic, found that naming the furniture with a name, rather than a product code, made the names easier to remember. Two parks on the edge of the city proper, Bois de Boulogne on the west and Bois de Vincennes on the east, belong to the 16th and 12th arrondissements respectively.

The entire office furniture line is named EFFEKTIV. It is divided into twenty municipal arrondissements (see: Arrondissements of Paris), numbered in a clockwise spiral outwards from the Ier arrondissement at the center of the city. For example, AKTION is a name for a pepper mill, DINERA for tableware, KASSETT for media storage. Administratively speaking, the city of Paris is a French commune (municipality). Most names have an etymology regarding their function or appearance (de) [4]:.
. Every IKEA product is identified by a name, either Swedish in origin or Swedish-sounding. Among the manufacturing sector, the largest employers were the electronic and electrical industry (17.9% of the total manufacturing workforce in 1999) and the publishing and printing industry (14.0% of the total manufacturing workforce), the remaining 68.1% of the manufacturing workforce being distributed among many other industries.

[3]. Reflecting the diversity of the Paris economy, at the 1999 census 16.5% of the 5,089,170 persons employed in the metropolitan area worked in business services, 13.0% in commerce (retail and wholesale trade), 12.3% in manufacturing, 10.0% in public administrations and defense, 8.7% in health services, 8.2% in transportation and communications, 6.6% in education, and the remaining 24.7% in many other economic sectors. Now working in the Nordic countries and in UK, sites confirmed in England include London, Manchester, Leeds and Liverpool. The economies of Paris and its closest départements have made a clear shift towards high value-added services, in particular business services. The product, named BoKlok was launched in Sweden in 1996 in a joint venture with Skanska. Although the Île-de-France's manufacturing base is still important and remains one of the manufacturing powerhouses of Europe, it is in a period of decline. IKEA has also expanded their product base to include flat-pack houses, in an effort to cut prices involved in a first-time buyer's home. The Paris economy is essentially a service economy.

The intended result is flexible, adaptable home furnishings, scaleable both to larger homes and smaller dwellings. The tourism industry, for instance, employs only 3.6% of the total workforce of the metropolitan area (as of 1999) and is by no means a major component of the economy. Responding to the explosion of human population—and material expectations—in the 20th century, the company has mastered economies of scale, capturing material streams and creating manufacturing processes that hold costs and resource use down, such as the extensive use of particle board. The economy of the Paris region is extremely diverse and has not yet adopted a specialization inside the global economy (unlike Los Angeles with the entertainment industry, or London and New York with financial services). Its founder calls it "democratic design," meaning that the company applies an integrated approach to manufacturing and design (see also environmental design). According to the 1999 census conducted within the INSEE statistical aire urbaine (metropolitan area) commuter belt area around Paris, out of 5,089,170 persons employed within, 31.5% worked inside the city of Paris, 16% in the Hauts-de-Seine (92) département, home of the new La Défense business district to the west of the city proper, while the remaining 52.5% worked in the rest of the suburbs of the Paris agglomeration. IKEA also claims to have pioneered the use of more sustainable approaches to mass consumer culture. In 2002, according to Eurostat, the Île-de-France GDP accounted alone for 4.5% of the total GDP of the European Union (of 25 members), although its population is only 2.45% of the total population of the EU25.

IKEA claims this permits them to reduce costs and use of packaging by not shipping air—the volume of a bookcase, for example, is considerably less if it is shipped unassembled rather than assembled. The Île-de-France accounts for about 29% of the total GDP of metropolitan France, although its population is only 18.7% of the total population of metropolitan France (as of 2004). Also, because much of it is self-assembly furniture (also known as "flat-pack"), it is designed to be assembled by the consumer rather than being sold pre-assembled. In the same year, were it a country, the Île-de-France would be the 15th largest economy in the world. IKEA furniture is well known for its modern (often unusual) design. Together their 2003 GDP GDP is calculated by INSEE at €448,933 million ^[7], or US$506.7 billion (at real exchange rates, not at PPP). The store in Asker is currently undergoing a major expansion and remodeling.). Paris and its surrounding Île-de-France région is one of the engines of the global economy.

(The store was located in the same building which houses the Bellevue hotel, about two km from the present site at Billingstad/Slependen, which opened in 1975. The most recent immigrants to Paris come essentially from mainland China and from Africa. It was also the location for the first IKEA "warehouse" store which came to serve as a model for IKEA establishments elsewhere and on March 23, 1963, the first store outside Sweden was opened in Asker, a Norwegian municipality outside Oslo. people who were not living in France in 1990). At first, Kamprad sold his goods out of his home and by mail order, but eventually a store was opened in the nearby town of Älmhult. As of 1999, 4.2% of the total population of the metropolitan area of Paris were recent migrants (i.e. The company motto is: "Well designed affordable quality furniture to the many people". As a comparison, 19.5% of the total population of the metropolitan area of London was born outside of the (metropolitan) United Kingdom^[5], while 27.5% and 31.9% of the total populations of the New York and Los Angeles metropolitan areas respectively were born outside of the United States^[6].

Furniture was first added to the IKEA product range in 1947 and, in 1955, IKEA began to design its own furniture. The metropolitan area of Paris is one of the most multi-cultural in Europe, with 19.4% of the total population of the metropolitan area being born outside of metropolitan France^[4]. Originally, IKEA sold pens, wallets, picture frames, table runners, watches, jewelry and nylon stockings or practically anything Kamprad found a need for that he could fill with a product at a reduced price. These peculiar facts are due to the conservativeness of French administrative limits, with no significant administrative enlargement of the city of Paris since 1860, contrary to many other western cities. This acronym is incidentally similar to the Greek word οικία [oikia] (home) and to the Finnish word oikea (correct). The city of Paris and the Hauts-de-Seine represent together 47.5% of the 5,089,170 jobs in the metropolitan area, while the city proper alone represents only 31.5% of these. The company name is a composite of the first letters in his name and the names of the property and the village in which he grew up: Ingvar Kamprad Elmtaryd Agunnaryd. As a consequence commuters are not exclusively going from the suburbs to work in the city of Paris, but also come from the city of Paris to work in the suburbs.

IKEA was founded in 1943 by Ingvar Kamprad, then 17. Indeed, most offices in the agglomeration of Paris are located in an area consisting of the Western half of the city of Paris proper and the central portion of the département of the Hauts-de-Seine, in a triangle between the Opéra Garnier, La Défense and the Val de Seine. . Economically speaking, Paris is not properly the center of the agglomeration.
. Modern suburban development is even accellerating, as with an estimated total of 11.5 million inhabitants for 2004, the Paris metropolitan area is showing a rate of growth double that of the 1990s. IKEA is famous for its affordable furniture which consumers are required to assemble for themselves. On the other hand, Paris agglomeration considered as a whole have been continuously increasing since the end of the late 16th-century French Wars of Religion, with brief setbacks only during the French Revolution and World War II.

^[2]. These tendencies are generally seen as negative for the city, and the current city administration is trying to reverse them; these actions seem to have had some effect, as according to the population estimate of July 2004, Paris population rose for the first time since 1954 reaching a total of 2,144,700 inhabitants. The IKEA catalogue, containing about 12,000 products, is printed in 160 million copies (2006) worldwide, and distributed free of charge. This decline in population is due to the relocation of people to the suburbs, under the influence of several factors, namely de-industrialisation, high rent, the gentrification of many inner quarters as well as the transformation of living space into offices, although not to the scale of London or American cities. IKEA is generally pronounced (IPA /i'ke.a/) but in many English-speaking regions, it is pronounced (IPA /aɪ'ki:ə/) rhyming with the word "idea". This is a number lower than its historical 1921 peak of 2.9 million. IKEA is one of the few store chains to have locations both in Israel and in other Middle Eastern nations. At the 1999 census, the population of the city of Paris was 2,125,246.

More than 20 opened during 2005. mile). It has 229 stores in 33 countries, most of them in Europe, the rest in the United States, Canada, Asia and Australia. per sq. IKEA is a Swedish home furnishings retailer. per km² (260,000 inh. 2006 Ireland — Dublin. Some neighborhoods in the east of this arrondissement are known to have densities of almost 100,000 inh.

2006 Japan — Funabashi. mile) in 1999. 2005 Turkey — Istanbul. per sq. 2004 Portugal — Lisbon. per km² (105,339 inh. 2001 Greece — Thessaloniki. Today, the most crowded arrondissement in the city of Paris is the 11th arrondissement, with a density reaching 40,672 inh.

2001 Israel — Netanya. mile) in 1999, seven times more dense than in the City of London. 2000 Russia — Moscow (Chimki). per sq. 1998 China — Shanghai. per km² (46,979 inh. 1996 Malaysia — Kuala Lumpur (Mutiara Damansara). mile) in 2001, whereas the four first arrondissements of Paris still have a density of 18,139 inh.

1996 Finland — Espoo. per sq. 1994 Taiwan — Taipei. per km² (6,417 inh. 1992 Slovakia — Bratislava. Today, the City of London is almost empty, with a population density of only 2,478 inh. 1991 United Arab Emirates — Dubai. per km² before the Industrial Revolution.

1991 Czech Republic — Prague (Zličín). This is most striking in the medieval heart of both metropolises: the City of London and the four first arrondissements of Paris were the medieval heart of each metropolis, with densities reaching 75,000 to 100,000 inh. 1991 Poland — Platan. More precisely, people relocating to the suburbs were for the most part replaced by new people attracted to an urban lifestyle, and buildings were not converted into offices as systematically as has happened elsewhere, such as in London where the inhabitants have left the city center since the Second World War, and the density of Inner London is now much lower than that of Paris. 1990 Hungary — Budapest. Although the city of Paris has also experienced a decline in population since the 1920s, it has nonetheless seen fewer inhabitants relocating to the suburbs than has occurred in other western cities. 1989 Italy — Milan (Cinisello Balsamo). In many western cities, people have left the city center in the 20th century to relocate to the distant suburbs, leaving the city center as a business district dead at night.

1987 United Kingdom — Manchester (Warrington). The density in Paris is comparable to the densities met within Asian cities. 1985 United States — Philadelphia (Conshohocken). The population density in the city of Paris is very high compared to those of most western cities, which are rarely as crowded as Paris (except for Manhattan). 1984 Kuwait — Kuwait City. mile). 1984 Belgium — Brussels (Zaventem and Ternat). per sq.

1983 Saudi Arabia — Jeddah. per km² (22,438 inh. 1981 France — Paris (Bobigny). mile), and the density in Inner London at the 2001 UK census was 8,663 inh. 1981 Iceland — Reykjavík. per sq. 1980 Spain — Gran Canaria (Las Palmas). per km² (66,940 inh.

1978 Singapore — Queenstown. As a matter of comparison, the density in Manhattan at the 2000 US census was 25,846 inh. 1978 Netherlands — Rotterdam (Sliedrecht). mile). 1977 Austria — Vienna (Vösendorf). per sq. 1976 Canada — Vancouver (Richmond). per km² (63,321 inh.

1975 Hong Kong — Kowloon (Tsim Sha Tsui). Excluding the outlying parks of Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes, the density in the city was actually 24,448 inh. 1975 Australia — Sydney (Artarmon). mile). 1974 Germany — Munich (Eching). per sq. 1973 Switzerland — Zürich (Spreitenbach). per km² (52,225 inh.

1969 Denmark — Copenhagen (Ballerup). At the 1999 French census the population density in the city of Paris was 20,164 inh. 1963 Norway — Asker (Nesbru). The expected failure of these projects is interpreted in France as yet another sign of Paris' muséification. 1958 Sweden — Älmhult. Recent 'modernisation' proposals - building skyscrapers to the inside of the city rim, or to loosen strict laws governing the height of any new constructions - have been met with strong opposition on all sides. The smell your armpits advert, in which a boss tells members of his staff to smell each other's armpits. Paris is subject to some of the most stringent architectural protection laws in the world: ill-renowned urbanistic experiences of the 1960s aside, it is difficult to place large-scale or architecturally innovative buildings within city limits.

(complaints were dismissed) [12]. It is feared that Paris is being slowly "embalmed" into a form pleasing to tourists and nostalgists. Make a fresh start," got complaints that it was trivializing marriage breakups and showing a homosexual relationship. Emblematically, even the National Archives of France are due to relocate to the northern suburbs before 2010. And for all your new things, you know where to come. Many of its institutions and arenas of communal activity are either located in the suburbs or finding a new home there, which one day may lessen Paris' importance as a pole of activity for its surrounding suburbs: the financial (La Défense) business district, the main food wholesale market (Rungis), major renowned schools (École Polytechnique, HEC, ESSEC, INSEAD, etc.), world famous research laboratories (in Saclay or Évry), the largest sport stadium (Stade de France), and even some ministries (namely the Ministry of Transportation) are located outside of the city of Paris. A campaign under the slogan, "Just pack up, ship out, find a place of your own. A so-called "muséification" (museumification) of the city of Paris is feared by some in France.

(complaints were dismisssed but IKEA voluntarily withdrew the advert) [11]. The widening social gap between these disadvantaged suburbs on the one hand and the wealthier suburbs (especially the western ones) and the rich city of Paris on the other hand have led to periodic unrest since the mid-1980s, sometimes degenerating into riots such as during the 2005 riots. An advertisement where a management consultant suggests how much more furniture a company could buy, if it fired an office worker. Many inner suburbs of Paris (especially the eastern ones) have been in a period of de-industrialisation since the 1970s, and the once-thriving cités have gradually become ghettos for immigrants and oases of unemployment. [10]. A comprehensive express subway network, the RER, was built to complement the Métro and serve the distant suburbs, while a network of freeways was developed in the suburbs, centered on the Périphérique, the expressway circling around the city of Paris proper. (complaints were dismissed). The suburbs around the city of Paris proper began to expand considerably, with the construction of large social estates known as cités and the beginning of the business district La Défense.

“Stop being so English”: In which a “Swedish psychologist” claims the British are uptight due to their taste in “English” furniture. In the post-WWII era, Paris experienced its largest development since the end of the Belle Époque in 1914. In the 1990s, there were several complaints arising from IKEA's British television advertising campaigns: