This page will contain external links about hummer, as they become available.HummerHummer is a marque of vehicles sold by General Motors. For the military vehicles on which the trademark is based see HMMWV. HistoryHummers were traditionally built by AM General Corporation, formerly the heavy industries division of American Motors, in its Mishawaka, Indiana assembly plant. AM General had planned to sell a civilian version of the Hummer as far back as the late 1980s. In 1990, two matching white Hummers were driven from London, UK to Beijing, People's Republic of China over the rough roads of the central Soviet Union. The Hummers made the drive with ease, and highlights of this journey were broadcast on ESPN in the United States. The publicity would pale in comparison to the attention that the HMMWV received for its service in Operation: Desert Storm the following year. In 1991, AM General began selling a civilian version of the M998 High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV or Hum-Vee) vehicle to the public under the brand name Hummer. In 1999, AM General sold the brand name to General Motors but continued to manufacture the vehicles, which GM then re-sold. In the next few years, GM introduced two new homegrown models, the H2 and H3, and renamed the original vehicle to H1. AM General continues to build the H1 and is contracted by GM to produce the H2. The H3 is built in Shreveport, LA. As of 2004, Hummer has gone international with selected importers and distributors in Europe and other markets. It has only been sold in small volumes, but some celebrities and business people have bought Hummers to satisfy their curiosity. Markets such as Australia have taken interest to Hummers with importers converting the latest H3 to right hand drive despite GM not officially selling the brand in Australia. From 2006, GM will be building/assembling the Hummer H3 at the Port Elizabeth plant in South Africa to make Hummers internationally available. Hummers at the Port Elizabeth plant will be built for local South African consumption and exported to Australia, the United Kingdom and Japan. EvaluationThe first two Hummer models are large, heavy vehicles with large engines and complex drivelines. The third one, the H3, is smaller and geared more towards people who want an everyday SUV. They also feature aggressive styling and advertising, setting them apart from competing models. This has made them a target of criticism, as many people view Hummers as ill-suited for use as a passenger vehicle on public streets. As fuel prices have risen, detractors have also singled out the Hummer as an egregious waster of resources—a charge based largely on the Hummer's unnecessary fuel consumption and size. Since both the H1 and H2 can weigh over 8,500 lb (GVWR), the United States fuel economy regulations do not apply to them. GM does not disclose their expected fuel economy ratings, and the company is not required to display a Monroney sticker on the vehicles. However, expected mpg ratings can be derived from their fuel capacity and range ratings. These metrics show that the Diesel H1 is expected to reach 16 mpg (U.S.), while the H2 should get 9.6 mpg. Car and Driver magazine observed 12 mpg with their H2 SUV. These ratings are similar to those of other heavy trucks and SUVs. ModelsThere are three current and possibly two future models in the Hummer line:
LicensingGeneral Motors has been very active in licensing the Hummer brand. Various companies have licensed the Hummer trademarks for use on colognes, flashlights, bicycles [1], laptops [2], apparel, jewelry, CD players and other items. [3] Famous owners
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[3]. In 1860, Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Sardinia became also the first King of Italy after conquering the rest of the peninsula. Various companies have licensed the Hummer trademarks for use on colognes, flashlights, bicycles [1], laptops [2], apparel, jewelry, CD players and other items. In 1792, Jean-Paul Marat, son of a Sardinian father from Cagliari and a Swiss mother, was one of the triumvirate leading the French Revolution. General Motors has been very active in licensing the Hummer brand. In 1718 Sardinia became an independent kingdom under the House of Savoy, rulers of Piedmont. There are three current and possibly two future models in the Hummer line:. This was the first time Turks lost out to Europeans signaling a trend of military decline and defeats from which Turks never recovered. These ratings are similar to those of other heavy trucks and SUVs. The sight of the admiral's head on a spear put such a fear in the heart of the Turks, that they abandoned the fight and completely surrendered to Christians. Car and Driver magazine observed 12 mpg with their H2 SUV. On October 7, 1571, at the Battle of Lepanto, Sardinian mariners on Board the admiralship of Infante Don John of Austria, half brother of Felipe II, boarded the Turkish admiralship, overpowered the crew, and cut off the head of a Turkish admiral. These metrics show that the Diesel H1 is expected to reach 16 mpg (U.S.), while the H2 should get 9.6 mpg. Under Spain, Sardinians were regularly employed on the royal Spanish fleet. However, expected mpg ratings can be derived from their fuel capacity and range ratings. After the merge of the Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, Sardinia was incorporated into the newly created national entity, Spain. GM does not disclose their expected fuel economy ratings, and the company is not required to display a Monroney sticker on the vehicles. The native population of the city of Alghero (S'Alighera in Sardinian, L'Alguer in Catalan) was expelled and the city repopulated by the Catalan invaders, whose descendants spoke Catalan till quite recently. Since both the H1 and H2 can weigh over 8,500 lb (GVWR), the United States fuel economy regulations do not apply to them. In 1323, the Kingdom of Aragon began a campaign to conquer Sardinia; the giudicato of Arborea successfully resisted this and for a time came to control nearly the entire island, but its last ruler Eleanor of Arborea, was eventually defeated by the Aragonese in the decisive Battle of Sanluri, June 30, 1409. As fuel prices have risen, detractors have also singled out the Hummer as an egregious waster of resources—a charge based largely on the Hummer's unnecessary fuel consumption and size. At various times, these fell under the sway of Genoa and Pisa. This has made them a target of criticism, as many people view Hummers as ill-suited for use as a passenger vehicle on public streets. By 900, these districts had become four independent constitutional monarchies. They also feature aggressive styling and advertising, setting them apart from competing models. To provide for local defense, he divided the island into four Giudicati, Gallura, Logudoro, Arborea, and Caralis. The third one, the H3, is smaller and geared more towards people who want an everyday SUV. Especially after the conquering of Sicily in 832, the Byzantines were unable to effectively defend their most distant province, and the provincial judge assumed independent authority. The first two Hummer models are large, heavy vehicles with large engines and complex drivelines. Beginning in the eighth century, Arabs and Berbers began raiding Sardinia. Hummers at the Port Elizabeth plant will be built for local South African consumption and exported to Australia, the United Kingdom and Japan. Byzantine rule was practically nonexistent in the mountainous Barbagia region in the eastern part of the island, and an independent kingdom persisted there from the sixth through ninth centuries. From 2006, GM will be building/assembling the Hummer H3 at the Port Elizabeth plant in South Africa to make Hummers internationally available. Under the Byzantines, the imperial representative was a judge who governed from the southern city of Caralis. Markets such as Australia have taken interest to Hummers with importers converting the latest H3 to right hand drive despite GM not officially selling the brand in Australia. From 456 - 534, Sardinia was a part of the short-lived kingdom of the Vandals in North Africa, until reconquered by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I. It has only been sold in small volumes, but some celebrities and business people have bought Hummers to satisfy their curiosity. In 238 BC, after being defeated by the Roman Republic during the First Punic War, Carthage ceded Sardinia to Rome. As of 2004, Hummer has gone international with selected importers and distributors in Europe and other markets. The settlers called for help from Carthage, and the island became a province in the Carthaginian Empire. The H3 is built in Shreveport, LA. In 509 BC, war broke out between the native Nuragic people and the Phoenician settlers. AM General continues to build the H1 and is contracted by GM to produce the H2. Beginning around 1000 BC, Phoenician mariners established several ports of trade on the Sardinian coast. In the next few years, GM introduced two new homegrown models, the H2 and H3, and renamed the original vehicle to H1. The density, extensiveness and sheer size of the architectural remains from the Neolithic period, points to a considerable population of the island. In 1999, AM General sold the brand name to General Motors but continued to manufacture the vehicles, which GM then re-sold. Genetics has now shown that Sardinians are a pre-Indo-European population and, like Basque, different from all surrounding and much younger groups. In 1991, AM General began selling a civilian version of the M998 High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV or Hum-Vee) vehicle to the public under the brand name Hummer. However most theories regarding the original population of Sardinia have been formulated prior to genetics research and in the traditional frame of east-west movements. The publicity would pale in comparison to the attention that the HMMWV received for its service in Operation: Desert Storm the following year. According to some linguistic studies, the town of Sardis in (Lydia) would have been their starting point from which they would have reached the Tyrrhenian Sea, dividing into what were to become the Sardinians and the Etruscans. The Hummers made the drive with ease, and highlights of this journey were broadcast on ESPN in the United States. This assertion holds some truth; in fact most of the tombe dei giganti have a tombstone shaped like a ship vertically dug into the ground, bearing witness to their sea traveling activities. In 1990, two matching white Hummers were driven from London, UK to Beijing, People's Republic of China over the rough roads of the central Soviet Union. Shardana and Shekelesh were also called by the Egyptians as the "people from the faraway islands", implying that Shardana were already residents of Sardinia at the time of the Egyptian expedition. AM General had planned to sell a civilian version of the Hummer as far back as the late 1980s. Shardana had joined the Shekelesh and others to form the coalition of the Sea Peoples, but were defeated by Ramses III around 1180 BC in Egypt. Hummers were traditionally built by AM General Corporation, formerly the heavy industries division of American Motors, in its Mishawaka, Indiana assembly plant. It is speculated that, among others, the Shardana people landed in Sardinia coming from the eastern Mediterranean. . Still today, more than 9,000 Nuraghe survive. For the military vehicles on which the trademark is based see HMMWV. From Neolithic times till the Roman Empire, the Nuragic civilisation took shape on the island. Hummer is a marque of vehicles sold by General Motors. The Cannonau wine is made with these grapes and may qualify as the mother of all the European wines. Hugh Heffner owns a hummer limo. Desiccated grapes, recently found in several locations, were DNA tested and proved to be the oldest grapes in the world, dating back to the Pyramids' and Mesopotamia’s era. Former NBA player Dennis Rodman owns a heavily modified H2. In Prehistory Sardinia's inhabitants developed a trade in obsidian, a stone used for the production of the first rough tools, and this activity brought Sardinians into contact with most of the Mediterranean people. Rapper Xzibit owns a heavily modified H2. In 1979 human remains were found that were dated to 150,000 BCE. Neil Young owns a Hummer that exclusively runs on biodiesel. Sardinia's history is very ancient. Bam Margera owned an H2 (Seen in the MTV show Viva La Bam), but then his uncle Don Vito let it drop into a quarry, thus destroying it. It lacks many species instead, like the viper and the marmot, which are found everywhere else on the continent. Soccer player Ronaldinho from FC Barcelona owns a Hummer. Sardinia is a precious natural resource, containing thousands of rare or uncommon animals and plant species such as the Mediterranean Monk Seal and the boar. Rapper DMX owns a Hummer. It is highly recommended to make the trip from Macomer to Bosa Marina, where the train winds its way through the typical Sardinian landscape to reach the sea near the coastal town of Bosa situated in the west of the island. California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger was the first private citizen to own a Hummer and continues to own several. The train connects Cagliari to Arbatax in the south and Sassari to Palau in the north. Hummer Hx. It is slow but it allows the traveller to have scenic views impossible to see from the main road. Hummer H4. Many tourists catch the trenino verde which runs through the wildest parts of the island. Hummer H3T. Some run on narrow gauge track. Hummer H3
"su Pidzu"); 1 francu = 1,000 former Italian lire. Sardinia's currency (as a part of Italy) is now the Euro, but in some rural areas Sardinians and towns, above all Cagliari, still unofficially refer to su Francu (or loc. In the city of Alghero in the north, a Medieval dialect of Catalan is still spoken (the name of the city in Catalan is L'Alguer) as the island was an Aragonese colony in the past. In the island of San Pietro, the dialect spoken is a mix of Sardinian and Italian language coming from Liguria Genoa. The spoken language was spread by the first settlers to Corsica, giving then origin to a new variety of language Sardinian-Corsican language. In the northern regions of Gallura and Sassari, tatarese is spoken. While it has been significantly supplanted by Italian for official purposes, Sardinian is still widely spoken in rural areas. The most spoken languages in Sardinia are Italian and Sardinian, a Romance language of Latin origin, but with an obscure Pre-Roman element, including Phoenician, Etruscan, and Near Eastern languages. The climate is mainly Mediterranean, with a warm spring and fall, hot summer, and mild winter. See also: Tourist destinations of Sardinia. The island is particularly famous for its beaches, but is also rich in other interesting places. The island contains numerous extraordinary tourist areas, including the Costa Smeralda and Gennargentu. The other region is Veneto. a distinct people) by the Italian Parliament. Sardinia is one of two Italian regions whose inhabitants have been recognised as a "popolo" (i.e. See also: Sardinian towns. The region is divided into eight provinces: Cagliari, Sassari, Nuoro, Oristano, Olbia-Tempio, Ogliastra, Carbonia-Iglesias and Medio Campidano. The regional capital is Cagliari. Sardinia is an autonomous region of Italy. Sardinia has an area of 24,090 km2 and a population of 1.65 million. . Last and present name has been Sardinia, for the Shardana (who also had been expelled in Egypt by Ramses III circa 1180 BC). Sandalyon was its second name, probably due to its shape, recalling a footprint. At the beginning of the nuragic age circa 1500 BC the island was first called Hyknusa (latinized Ichnusa) by the Greeks probably meaning island (nusa) of the Hyksos, the people who had just been expelled by Ahmose I of Egypt circa 1540 BC and were by now looking for a new home. It forms part of Italy. Sardinia (Sardegna in Italian, Sardigna, Sardinna or Sardinnia in the Sardinian language, Sardenya in Catalan), is the second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (Sicily is the largest), between Italy, Spain and Tunisia, south of Corsica. This cheese is called Casu Marzu. Cheese filled with live maggots and their feces is a delicacy in Sardinia. The last four are new provinces since May 2005. |