Holden

Holden also exports its Statesman sedan to the Middle East as the Chevrolet Caprice, to South Korea as the Daewoo Statesman, and China as the Buick Royaum. Researchers at Cornell University developed a reputation management add-in called Credence that allows users to distinguish between "genuine" and "suspect" files before downloading them. The Holden Monaro is sold under that name through Vauxhall dealerships in the United Kingdom. Being open source, LimeWire has spawned several forks, including LionShare, an experimental software development project at Penn State University, FrostWire, and Acquisition, a popular Macintosh-based Gnutella client with a proprietary interface. A modified version of the Holden Monaro is sold in the United States as the Pontiac GTO. With the removal of all bundled software in LimeWire 4.0 (released May 14, 2004[1]), these objections were addressed. HSV's modified vehicles are also sold in the United Kingdom. Uninstallation of LimeWire would not remove LimeShop.

Holden's exports to the Middle East and Brazil were the first left hand drive cars built since the 1960s, when it sold cars in Hawaii. Among other things, LimeShop monitored online purchases in order to redirect sales commissions to LimeWire LLC. It is also sold in South Africa, Thailand, and parts of the Middle East badged as a Chevrolet Lumina, and in Brazil as the Chevrolet Omega. Prior to April 2004, the free version of LimeWire was distributed with a bundled program called "LimeShop" (a variant of TopMoxie), which was considered by computer security experts to be spyware. The Holden Commodore is as popular in New Zealand (where it has hit the number-one slot in the sales' charts from time to time) as it is in Australia, often being used as a police car. Lime Wire LLC, the developer of LimeWire, distributes two versions of the program; a basic, free version, and an enhanced version sold for a small fee, which is said to offer faster downloads. The Astra Turbo, and Tigra have also been released in Australia, but will not be sold in New Zealand. The Windows version of LimeWire installer includes a stripped-down version of Sun's Java installer which will download and install version 1.5 of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) if it detects the machine doesn't have Java, or has a version of Java below version 1.4.1.

It was only in August 2005 that the wagon version of the Holden Astra went on sale in Australia, while in New Zealand, the Astra wagon is to be dropped, like the Zafira in 2004. Although researchers have identified possible vulnerabilities in the SHA1 algorithm, because LimeWire does not rely on SHA1 alone these vulnerabilities do not have many adverse implications for LimeWire's verification of downloaded files. There are still differences between the Holden model ranges in Australia and New Zealand. LimeWire uses the SHA-1 and Tiger tree hash cryptographically secure hash functions to ensure that downloaded data is uncompromised. For a very brief, and with hindsight anomalous, period during 1998-1999, the Holden Frontera was sold new in New Zealand as the Isuzu Wizard, though things have now been brought into line with Australia. Classic Mac OS (Mac OS 9 and before) support has been dropped with LimeWire 4.0.10. Similarly, the Isuzu Trooper off-road vehicle was rebadged the Holden Jackaroo, as in Australia, although owing to the widespread availability of the identical Isuzu Bighorn as a used Japanese import, that name was used on brand new models imported by Holden New Zealand. To facilitate installation for casual users, the developers release installation packages for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and for Linux, in RPM format.

Later on this was changed to bring the New Zealand model range in line with Australia. LimeWire is written in Java and hence runs on any computer with the Java virtual machine installed. Early models of the Holden Astra and Vectra in New Zealand differed from those sold in Australia, in that they had a distinctive grille with a 'V' containing the Holden badge, similar to that used by Vauxhall in the UK. It was the first file sharing program to support firewall-to-firewall file transfers, a feature introduced in version 4.2, which was released in November 2004. The Astra was introduced the following year, identical Opel-badged models, imported second hand from Japan, already being sold locally. The program allows users to share files using the Gnutella peer-to-peer protocol. The Opel name was dropped, and the Vectra was rebadged as a Holden, even though it was then not available in Australia. LimeWire is a free and open source Gnutella peer-to-peer network client released under the GNU General Public License.

It was only in 1994, with Holden's future more secure, that General Motors New Zealand finally became Holden New Zealand. Harvard Business School Working Knowledge, 2004. This, however, created little brand loyalty and consumers did not accept 'GM' as a brand. Silverthorne, Sean. Commercials bore the Isuzu name. Music Downloads: Pirates- or Customers?. Therefore, the mainstream range in 1989 consisted of:. MIT Sloan School of Management, 2002.

In the late 1980s, General Motors New Zealand attempted to use many makes and have 'GM' as the main brand. Ghosemajumder, Shuman. Despite the car's origins and place of manufacture, it was marketed in New Zealand as 'American'. Advanced Peer-Based Technology Business Models. Research showed that Pontiac had a good reputation, so rather than follow the Australian route with a rebadged Toyota Corolla, GM New Zealand brought in the Opel Kadett based LeMans from Daewoo of South Korea, attempting to fill both the compact and mid-sized sectors until the arrival of the Opel Vectra. Retrieved July 8, 2005. Therefore, Opel made a small reintroduction with a tiny selection of highly priced models (Kadett GSE, Ascona GT, Senator, Monza). 'SHA1 Break Rumored', Freedom To Tinker Discussion Forum (2004).

Certainly what was happening in Australia did not instil confidence: rebadged Suzukis, Nissans and Isuzus were occupying the bottom end of the range, while the Commodore was about to shift to a Japanese-designed three-litre engine. Felten, Edward W. In around 1985, there were strong rumours, and a GM report, that indicated that Holden would cease to exist in its current form, and that its models would be exclusively designed offshore. pondered the reintroduction of other GM brands. As the 1980s continued and Holden's future became uncertain, General Motors New Zealand Ltd.

The Isuzu-based model survived until Holden introduced the ultimate Camira, the JE, which made it across the Tasman Sea in 1987. This was known as the JJ Camira, and proved to be much better than its Australian-sourced predecessor. However, the Australian Holden Camira (JB series) fared so badly in New Zealand that local GM bosses decided to replace it with a completely different model based on the Isuzu Aska (or JJ) from Japan. As 1983 began, Holden began fielding something close to a full range: the Gemini as the entry-level car, the Camira as the mid-sized one, and the Commodore in the large sector.

Isuzu (selling the Gemini) and Vauxhall (with the last Chevette) disappeared on the launch of the Holden Gemini TE series in 1981, while Bedford met its demise with the assembly of the last CF vans in 1984. Vauxhall's full line-up was pared back to the Chevette and Viva by 1977 as Holden's range expanded to include mid-sized cars (the Torana and Sunbird). Chevrolet and Pontiac had effectively disappeared from the market by the 1970s, though there were still Chevrolet trucks from the US and a top-end Holden Statesman with a Chevrolet V8 engine, known as the Chevrolet 350. However, for such a small market, it made little sense to have so many brands, so each was rationalized from the 1960s.

While the Holden name was used on virtually all GM products in Australia, in New Zealand other GM products from Vauxhall, Bedford, Isuzu, Pontiac and Opel were sold as well. The first export of Holdens to New Zealand began in 1954, and for many years they were assembled at the General Motors New Zealand plant in Petone outside Wellington, until it closed in 1990. Due to tariffs and exchange rates, various Vectra models are more expensive than the larger Commodore in Australia and New Zealand, and the European model is likely to be replaced by a version of the new Daewoo Tosca in 2006. The Holden Barina will be based on the Daewoo Kalos, and the entry-level Astra Classic will be replaced by the Holden Viva, based on the Daewoo Lacetti.

Holden has already established close research and design links with Daewoo, with which it provides the large Statesman model. Although its Opel-sourced models have been relatively successful, Holden has now looked to Daewoo in South Korea for replacements. It has subsequently been imported from Europe. The Vectra was briefly assembled locally for export to neighbouring countries, but this was dealt a severe blow by the Asian economic crisis in 1997.

The Opel Corsa was sold in Australia as the Holden Barina, replacing another model of that name, originally introduced in 1989, based on the Suzuki Swift. Between 1996 and 1997, Holden replaced the Toyota-based Nova and Apollo with the Astra and Vectra, imported from Opel in Europe. In 1995, UAAI was dissolved, and Holden was able to source product offerings from GM rather than from other manufacturers in Australia. This badge engineering proved unpopular with buyers, even though rival Ford had been successful with its Laser and Telstar models, which were just thinly disguised versions of Mazda's 323 and 626.

In 1989, Holden began selling rebadged versions of Toyota's Corolla and Camry, as the Nova and Apollo, while Toyota sold the Commodore as the Toyota Lexcen, named after the late America’s Cup yacht designer, Ben Lexcen. In 1988, it then entered a partnership with Toyota in Australia, to form a joint venture company called United Australian Automobile Industries (UAAI). Holden sold the Nissan Pulsar as a Holden Astra (not to be confused with the Opel-sourced model of the same name) and used the 3.0 L 6 cylinder RB engine from Nissan's Skyline in the VL Commodore (1986-1988). Between the late 1980s and mid-1990s, the Australian government introduced a plan to restructure the local motor industry, which involved local manufacturers sharing models, known as the Button Plan, after the federal minister for trade and industry, John Button.

Bodywork for the Camira wagon was exported to the UK for Vauxhall's Cavalier. The Torana was replaced by the 1982 Camira, which was GM's medium-sized "J-Car". The four, later renamed Sunbird, was very sluggish, the eight-cylinder version alarmingly fast: the six was the most popular option. The Torana LH/LX series, which consisted of 3 door hatchback and 4 door booted sedan variants (between 1974 and 1978) was unusual in that it was offered with a choice of four (1.9 L cam-in-head), six (2.8 L, 3.3 L OHV) or eight cylinder (4.2 L, 5.0 L OHV) engines.

The name 'Torana' was an Aboriginal word meaning 'to fly'. Another notable Holden offering was the mid-size Torana, introduced in the mid-1960s, and initially based on the British Vauxhall Viva. Holden has offered a reasonably full range of other vehicles, some locally produced but others sourced from various other parts of the General Motors empire, such as Chevrolet, Opel, Isuzu and Suzuki. The Kingswood sedan, wagon and ute (utility or pickup truck) was exported and assembled abroad, including New Zealand along with South Africa (badged as the Chevrolet Kommando), Indonesia and Trinidad and Tobago.

Despite the arrival of competitors in the 1960s, Holden's locally-produced large six and eight-cylinder cars have remained Australia's top-selling vehicle for most of that time. Better suited to Australian conditions than its competitors, and assisted by tariff barriers, it rapidly became Australia's best-selling car. Although not particularly mechanically or stylistically sophisticated, it was simple, rugged, more powerful than most competitors, and offered reasonable performance and fuel economy in an affordable package. The Holden 48/215, introduced in 1948, was a medium-sized vehicle fitted with a 132 in³ (2.15 L) engine, and based on a design proposed for the 1949 Chevrolet, that had been rejected as being too small for that purpose.

After the end of World War II, the Australian government took steps to encourage an Australian automotive industry, and persuaded General Motors to build "Australia's own car". . In 1998, it was renamed Holden Ltd and in May 2005, it became known as GM Holden Ltd. It was purchased by General Motors in 1931 and became General Motors–Holden's Ltd.

Holden began as Holden's Motor Body Builders Ltd., a coachbuilder that made bodies to suit a number of chassis imported from different manufacturers, but particularly Chevrolet. Holden is an Australian car manufacturer, originally independent but now a subsidiary of General Motors. Holden Piazza. Holden Statesman.

Holden Commodore and Calais. Opel Calibra. Opel Vectra. Pontiac LeMans (imported from Daewoo of Korea).

Holden Barina (a rebadged Suzuki Cultus/Swift).