Heart

The heart may also be illustrated as an icon (♥), symbolizing love. Balinese dance includes many famous forms such as legong, baris, topeng, barong, and many others. It can vary from one to four chambers (2 atria and 2 ventricle). Balinese gamelan is highly developed and varied. Different species have different heart chambers. Balinese is famous for the arts, both the performing arts as well as painting, scuplture, and woodcarving. It resembles venison in structure and taste. In the past, the language has been heavily influenced by the Balinese caste system, but this is becoming less and less pronounced.

They are counted among offal, but being a muscle, the taste of heart is much more like regular meat than that of other offal. The Balinese language is a rich and diverse language reflecting the population. The hearts of cattle, sheep, pigs and certain fowl are consumed as food in many countries. English is a common third language owing to the island's large tourism industry. The earthworm has a series of multiple primitive hearts. Balinese and Indonesian are the most widely spoken languages in Bali, and many Balinese people are bilingual or even trilingual. The Gray Whale's heart beats 9 times per minute, Harbour Seal 10 when diving, 140 when on land, elephant 25, human 70, sparrow 500, shrew 600, and hummingbird 1,200 when hovering. Other minority religions on the island include Islam (5.7%), Christianity (1.4%), and Buddhism (0.6%) (2003 statistics).

See "Early development" above for information about the early human heart rates. About 92% of Bali's population adheres to this religion. This is evident within a species as well, as the young beat their hearts faster than the adults. Unlike most of Muslim-majority Indonesia, the majority of Bali's population adheres to Balinese Hinduism, formed from a combination of existing local beliefs and Hindu influences from mainland Southeast Asia and South Asia. Smaller animals have faster heartbeats. Bali is a richly diverse island of approximately 3.57 million people (2003 statistics). Birds and mammals show complete separation of the heart into two pumps, for a total of four heart chambers; it is thought that the four-chambered heart of birds evolved independently of that of mammals. Another series of bombings occurred nearly three years later at Kuta and nearby Jimbaran; see 2005 Bali bombings.

The blood from the single ventricle is then pumped to both the lungs and the body tissues, an type of double circulation. On October 12, 2002, the island was the location of a car bomb attack in the tourist resort of Kuta, killing 202 people, mostly foreign tourists. Blood from both the body and the lungs is pumped into the single ventricle, where unoxygenated and oxygenated blood may mix. In 1965, after a failed coup d'etat against the national government, Bali was the scene of widespread killings of members and sympathizers of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) by right-wing militias, along with several other parts of Indonesia. Amphibians and reptiles have a three-chambered heart: two atria and one ventricle. Bali became part of the Republic of East Indonesia after the World War II Japanese conquest and part of United States of Indonesia in 1948. The blood pumps through the gills and on to the the body tissues without returning to the heart. "Pendet","Legong" and "Baris" are some of the better-known examples.

In fish, the system has only one circuit. Balinese dance is highly developed, and considered by many to be one of the world's finest artistic traditions. The heart of fish have only two chambers: one atrium and one ventricle. Its arts and crafts are also popular. If an automated external defibrillator is available, this device may automatically administer defibrillation if this is indicated. Bali's beaches are famous worldwide. If a person is encountered in cardiac arrest (no heartbeat), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should be started, and help called. International tourism started in the 1920s.

See cardiac arrest for emergencies involving the heart. These wars were so fierce (with the entire royal court of the Raja, women and children plunged into battle, armed with kris and spears, killing each other on the battlefield rather than be taken captive) that the Dutch governors afterwards exercised relatively little influence over the island, generally allowing local control over religion and culture to remain intact. See also: Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures. Dutch control of the island was firmly established after a series of colonial wars (1846–1849). The transplant team was headed by Christiaan Barnard. The Dutch established a trade post soon after, and the Dutch East India Company (VOC) started trading from early 17th century onwards. At Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, 53-year-old Louis Washkansky on December 3, 1967 became the first human to receive a heart transplant (however he died 18 days later from double pneumonia). Europeans first discovered the island when the Dutch explorer Cornelis de Houtman arrived in 1597, though a Portuguese ship had foundered off the coast of Bukit as early as 1585.

Nitroglycerin and other compounds that give off nitric oxide are used to treat heart disease as they cause the dilation of coronary vessels. The Majapahit empire collapsed slightly before 1500, due to assaults, causing an exodus to Bali. Beta blockers are drugs that lower the heart rate and blood pressure and reduce the heart's oxygen requirements. The Hindu Majapahit Empire (1293–1520 AD) on Eastern Java founded a Balinese colony in 1343. If a coronary artery is blocked or narrowed, the problem spot can be bypassed with coronary artery bypass surgery or it can be widened with angioplasty. The name Balidwipa has been discovered from various inscriptions, among others the Blanjong charter which was issued by Sri Kesari Warmadewa in 913 AD and mentions the word "Walidwipa". Important diseases of the heart include:. The end of the prehistoric period in Indonesia was marked by the arrival of the Hindu people arriving from India around 100 BC as determined by Brahmi inscriptions on potsherds.

The study of diseases of the heart is known as cardiology. The Balinese people are descendants of a prehistoric race who migrated through mainland Asia to the Indonesian archipelago, presumably first settling around 2500 BC. The heart also secretes ANF (atrial natriuretic factor), a powerful peptide hormone, that affects the blood vessels, the adrenal glands, the kidneys and the regulatory regions of the brain to regulate blood pressure and volume. Bali is also famous for its artisans who produce batik and ikat cloth and clothing, wooden carvings, stone carvings and silverware. In the event of severe pathology, the Purkinje fibers can also act as a pacemaker; this is usually not the case because their rate of spontaneous firing is considerably lower than that of the other pacemakers and hence is overridden. A significant number of Balinese are also fishermen. The time taken for the wave to reach this node from the sinoatrial nerve creates a delay between contraction of the two chambers and ensures that each contraction is coordinated simultaneously throughout all of the heart. Other crops such as fruits, vegetables and other cash crops are also grown, although in smaller amounts.

Once the wave reaches the atrioventricular node, situated in the lower right atrium, it is conducted through the bundles of His and causes contraction of the ventricles. Most of the Balinese people are involved in agriculture, primarily that of rice cultivation. The sinoatrial node, often known as the cardiac pacemaker, is located in the upper wall of the right atrium and is responsible for the wave of electrical stimulation (See action potential) that initiates atria contraction. Beautiful black sand beaches between Pasut and Klatingdukuh are now being developed for tourism, but apart from the famous seaside temple of Tanah Lot, this is not yet a tourist area. The rhythmic sequence of contractions is coordinated by the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. Facing a revitalizing landscape of strong waves, the coast around Pasut is a perfect escape from the crowds. The heart's rhythmic contractions occur spontaneously, although the frequency or heart rate can be changed by nervous or hormonal influences such as exercise or the perception of danger. The Ho River is navigable by small sampan.

This is in contrast with skeletal muscle, which requires either conscious or reflex nervous stimuli. Pasut Beach (Tabanan), near Sungai Ho and Pura Segara, is a quiet beach lying 14 km southwest of Tabanan. Cardiac muscle is self-exciting. The beach town of Padangbai in the north east has both: the main beach and the secret beach have white sand and the south beach and the blue lagoon have much darker sand. Finally complete cardiac diastole involves relaxation of the atria and ventricles in preparation for refilling with circulating blood. Beaches in the south tend to have white sand while those in the north and west tend to have black sand. The ventricular systole consists of the contraction of the ventricles and flow of blood into the circulatory system. Again, once all the blood empties from the ventricles, the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves close. The island is surrounded by coral reefs.

It is the closing of the valves that produces the familiar beating sounds of the heart, commonly referred to as the "lub-dub" sound due to the closing of the semilunar and atrioventricular valves. Due to the slope of the mountainous terrain in the island's center, the roads tend to follow the crests of the ridges across the mountains. This prevents any backflow into the atria. There are major coastal roads as well as roads that cross the island mainly in a north-south manner. Once the blood has fully left the atria, the atrioventricular valves, which are situated between the atria and ventricular chambers, close. There are no railway lines on the island. Every single beat of the heart involves a sequence of events known as the cardiac cycle, which consists of three major stages: atrial systole, ventricular systole and complete cardiac diastole. The atrial systole consists of the contraction of the atria and the corresponding influx of blood into the ventricles. The Ngurah Rai International Airport is located near Jimbaran, on the isthmus joining the southernmost part of the island to the main part of the island.

The function of the heart is to pump blood around the body. The main tourist locations are the town of Kuta (along with its accompanying beach), Sanur, Jimbaran, Seminyak and the newer development of Nusa Dua. See main page cardiac cycle. Its population of over 3 million is mainly (about 93%) Hindu, but a very small part is Muslim (mostly coastal fisherman). The blood supply to the heart itself is supplied by the left and right coronary arteries, which branch off from the aorta. In the south the land descends to form an alluvial plain, watered by shallow rivers, dry in the dry season and overflowing whenever there are periods of heavy rains. The endocardium is a further layer of flattened epithelial cells and connective tissue which lines the chambers of the heart. The town of Ubud (north of Denpasar), with its art market, museums and galleries, is regarded as the cultural center of Bali.

Beneath this is a much thicker myocardium made up of cardiac muscle. The principal cities are the northern port of Singaraja and the capital, Denpasar, near the southern coast. The first is the outer epicardium which is composed of a layer of flattened epithelial cells and connective tissue. About 30,000 years ago Mount Batur experienced a massive catastrophic eruption — one of the largest known volcanic events on Earth. The heart wall is made of three distinct layers. Mount Batur, or what remains of it, is also still active. The contractile nature of the heart is due to the presence of cardiac muscle in its wall which can work continuously without fatigue. Mountains range from the central to the eastern side of the island with Mount Agung being the easternmost peak.

Even though the ventricles lie below the atria, the two vessels through which the blood exits the heart (the pulmonary artery and the aorta) leave the heart at its top side. The highest point of the island is Mount Agung, 3,142 m high (10,308 feet), an active volcano that last erupted in March 1963. As the right ventricle needs to pump blood only to the lungs, it requires less muscle. Its surface is 5,633 km². The left ventricle is much more muscular (1.3 - 1.5 cm thick) than the right (0.3 - 0.5 cm thick) as it has to pump blood around the entire body, which involves exerting a considerable force to overcome the vascular pressure. It lies about 8 degrees south of the equator. Even the lungs take some of the blood supply from the aorta via bronchial arteries. Bali is part of the Lesser Sunda Islands, 153 km long and 112 km wide (95 by 69 miles), and 3.2 km east of Java.

The left ventricle then pumps the blood through the aorta to the entire body. . From the left atrium this newly oxygenated blood passes through the mitral valve to enter the left ventricle. The island is a popular tourist destination and known, along with Java, for its highly developed arts, including dance, sculpture, painting, leather and metalworking, and music, especially that played on the gamelan. The oxygenated blood then flows through pulmonary veins to the left atrium. It is positioned in a chain with Java to the west and Lombok to the east. In the lungs gaseous exchange takes places and the blood releases carbon dioxide into the lung cavity and picks up oxygen. Location: 8°25′23″S, 115°14′55″E.

The right ventricle pumps the deoxygenated blood to the lungs, through the pulmonary artery. Bali is an Indonesian island. The blood then passes through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle. Oxygen-depleted or deoxygenated blood from the body enters the right atrium through two great veins, the superior vena cava which drains the upper part of the body and the inferior vena cava that drains the lower part. On both sides, the lower ventricles are thicker than the upper atria.

The left side (see left heart) collects oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body. this happens through a process called diffusion. The function of the right side of the heart (see right heart) is to collect deoxygenated blood from the body and pump it into the lungs so that carbon dioxide can be dropped off and oxygen picked up. Finally complete cardiac diastole involves relaxation of the atria and ventricles in preparation for refilling with circulating blood.

Again, once all the blood empties from the ventricles, the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves close. Valves between the atria and ventricles (atrioventricular valves) maintain coordinated unidirectional flow of blood from the atria to the ventricles.The ventricular systole consists of the contraction of the ventricles and flow of blood into the circulatory system. A septum divides the right atrium and ventricle from the left atrium and ventricle, preventing blood from passing between them. It consists of four chambers, the two upper atria (singular: atrium) and the two lower ventricles.

In normal adults, its mass is 250-350 g, but extremely diseased hearts can be up to 1000 g in mass. A stethoscope can be placed directly over the apex and count the beats. The apex is the blunt point at the base of the heart. It is enclosed by a sac known as the pericardium and is surrounded by the lungs.

In the human body, the heart is normally situated slightly to the left of the middle of the thorax, underneath the sternum (breastbone). [2]. There is no difference in male and female heart rates before birth. After the 15th week the deceleration slows reaching an average rate of about 145 (+/-25 bpm) bpm at term.

After peaking at about 9.2 weeks after the LMP, it decelerates to about 150 bpm (+/-25 bpm) during the 15 week after the LMP. [1]. This acceleration is approximately 3.3 bpm per day, or about 10 bpm every three days, an increase of 100 bpm in the first month. It then accelerates linearly for the first month of beating, peaking at 165-185 bpm during the early 7th week, (early 9th week after the LMP).

The human heart begins beating at a rate near the mother’s, about 75-80 beats per minute (bpm). The human embryonic heart (EHR) begins beating at approximately 21 days after conception, or five weeks after the last normal menstrual period (LMP), which is the date normally used to date pregnancy. . The term cardiac means "related to the heart", from the Greek kardia (καρδια) for "heart".

The heart (Latin cor) is a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood through the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. Congenital heart defects. It is sometimes treated by implanting an artificial pacemaker. Cardiac arrhythmia is an irregularity in the heartbeat.

Endocarditis and myocarditis are inflammations of the heart. Congestive heart failure is the gradual loss of pumping power of the heart. A heart attack occurs when heart muscle cells die because blood circulation to a part of the heart is interrupted. Coronary heart disease is the lack of oxygen supply to the heart muscle; it can cause severe pain and discomfort known as Angina.