This page will contain images about hallmark, as they become available.HallmarkA hallmark is an official marking made by a trusted party, usually an assay office, on items made of precious metals (platinum, gold and silver) that guarantees a certain purity of the metal. This should not be confused with a marking, often just a number such as 925, which is done voluntarily by the manufacturer, and unfortunately does not always reflect the true purity of the metal. A hallmark is only applied after the item has been assayed to determine its purity. Often the hallmark is made up of several elements including: the type of metal, the maker and the year of the marking. Merriam-Webster also defines hallmark as "a distinguishing characteristic, trait, or feature (eg. the dramatic flourishes which are the hallmark of the trial lawyer -- Marion K. Sanders)". History of hallmarkingHallmarking may have begun as long ago as the sixth century AD. Byzantine silver from this time has a system of five marks which have not been completely deciphered. Hallmarking is Europe's earliest form of consumer protection. Hallmarking probably started in France, the standard for silver being established in 1260, but the first town mark was established in 1275. In 1300, King Edward I of England enacted a statute ordering that all silver articles must meet the Sterling silver standard (92.5% pure silver), and should be assayed by 'guardians of the craft', who would then mark the item with a leopard's head. In 1327, King Edward III of England granted a charter to the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths (more commonly known as the Goldsmiths' Company), marking the beginning of the Company's formal existence. In 1355, individual maker marks were introduced in France, which was mirrored in England in 1363, adding accountability to the two systems. In 1427, the date letter system was established in France, allowing the accurate dating of any hallmarked piece. In 1478, the Assay Office was established in Goldsmiths' Hall. At this time, the date letter system was introduced in England. In 1697, a higher standard of silver, known as the Britannia standard (95.8% silver) was made compulsory in England to protect the new coinage which was being melted down by silversmiths for the silver. The Sterling standard was restored in 1720. In 1975, the 1973 Hallmarking Act was enacted, introducing Platinum marking. All four remaining assay offices finally adopted the same date letter sequences. The latest changes in 1999 were made to the UK hallmarking system to bring the system closer into line with the European Union (EU). International hallmarking has been plagued by difficulties, because even amongst countries which implement hallmarking, standards and enforcement varies considerably, making it difficult for one country to accept another's hallmarking as equivalent to its own. List of countries with statutory independent hallmarking as of 2004
Modern hallmarksUnited Kingdom hallmarksPictured here are the assay office marks - from left to right, the leopard's head of London, the anchor of Birmingham, the Yorkshire rose of Sheffield, and the castle of Edinburgh. As it now stands, the compusory part of the UK hallmark consists of the sponsor or maker's mark, the assay office mark, and the standard of fineness (in this case silver, 925 parts in 1000). These are shown in the top of the two example hallmarks. The bottom example shows the extra marks that can also be struck, the lion passant, indicating Sterling silver, the date mark (lowercase a for '2000'), and in this example, the 'Millennium mark', which was only available for the years 1999 and 2000. The bottom example bears the Yorkshire rose mark for the Sheffield Assay Office. Vienna Convention hallmarksMarking techniquesPunchingTraditionally, the hallmarks are 'struck' using steel punches. Punches are made in different sizes, suitable for tiny pieces of jewellery to large silver platters. Punches are made in straight shank or ring shank, the former for normal punching with a hammer, and the later used with a press to mark rings. The problem with traditional punching is that the process of punching displaces metal, causing some distortion of the article being marked. This means that re-finishing of the article is required after hallmarking. For this reason, and that off-cuts from sprues are often used for assay, many articles are sent unfinished to the assay office for assay and hallmarking. Laser markingA new method of marking using lasers is now available, which is especially valuable for delicate items and hollowware, which would be damaged or distorted by the punching process. Laser marking also means that finished articles do not need to be re-finished. Laser marking works by using high power lasers to evaporate material from the metal surface. Two methods exist, 2D and 3D laser marking. 2D laser marking burns the outline of the hallmarks into the object, while 3D laser marking better simulates the marks made by punching. This page about hallmark includes information from a Wikipedia article. Additional articles about hallmark News stories about hallmark External links for hallmark Videos for hallmark Wikis about hallmark Discussion Groups about hallmark Blogs about hallmark Images of hallmark |
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2D laser marking burns the outline of the hallmarks into the object, while 3D laser marking better simulates the marks made by punching. Along with making a post-Dancing with the Stars appearence in the November 2005 issue of Playboy (previously unpublished pictures from her Miss April 1997 shoot) , Monaco has also made numerous recent cover appearances in scantily-clad magazines such as FHM and Maxim. Two methods exist, 2D and 3D laser marking. The win on Dancing With the Stars boosted her visibility level considerably and resulted in a number of appearances on talk shows as well as possible new job offers, but she stated that she intends to remain with General Hospital. Laser marking works by using high power lasers to evaporate material from the metal surface. From appearances, it is fair to say that Monaco was as happy about losing this match as O'Hurley was about losing the regular competition. Laser marking also means that finished articles do not need to be re-finished. This time, O'Hurley and his dance partner Charlotte emerged as the winners. A new method of marking using lasers is now available, which is especially valuable for delicate items and hollowware, which would be damaged or distorted by the punching process. It was held "live" on September 20 and results were announced two days later. For this reason, and that off-cuts from sprues are often used for assay, many articles are sent unfinished to the assay office for assay and hallmarking. However, it was decided to have a "Dance-Off" special as a follow up to this controversial result, with a presumably lessened chance of Internet voting skewing the results. This means that re-finishing of the article is required after hallmarking. This was discussed briefly on a Larry King Live interview with several members of the show, but was not pursued by runner-up John O'Hurley, who took the high road and declared that participation and viewer popularity was more important to him than winning. The problem with traditional punching is that the process of punching displaces metal, causing some distortion of the article being marked. This was viewed by some as an upset, whereas others suspected ballot-box stuffing, a frequent complaint of Internet-based voting. Punches are made in straight shank or ring shank, the former for normal punching with a hammer, and the later used with a press to mark rings. On July 6, 2005, Kelly Monaco won the Dancing With The Stars competition. Punches are made in different sizes, suitable for tiny pieces of jewellery to large silver platters. In the quarterfinal round samba, she coolly recovered from a mid-dance wardrobe malfunction without becoming exposed on live national television. Traditionally, the hallmarks are 'struck' using steel punches. Despite her perceived lack of height and an initial lack of grace, she improved each week and became a popular underdog. The bottom example bears the Yorkshire rose mark for the Sheffield Assay Office. In summer 2005, Monaco appeared as a contestant in the highly-rated American version of the television series Dancing With The Stars. The bottom example shows the extra marks that can also be struck, the lion passant, indicating Sterling silver, the date mark (lowercase a for '2000'), and in this example, the 'Millennium mark', which was only available for the years 1999 and 2000. In 2003 Monaco was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for her Port Charles work. These are shown in the top of the two example hallmarks. When that program ended, she joined the cast of soap opera General Hospital as possible con woman Samantha “Sam” McCall in September 2003. As it now stands, the compusory part of the UK hallmark consists of the sponsor or maker's mark, the assay office mark, and the standard of fineness (in this case silver, 925 parts in 1000). Monaco had two roles on the supernatural television soap opera Port Charles: Olivia “Livvie” Locke Morley (1999–2003) and Tess Ramsey (2002–2003). Pictured here are the assay office marks - from left to right, the leopard's head of London, the anchor of Birmingham, the Yorkshire rose of Sheffield, and the castle of Edinburgh. She also had minor roles in the late 1990s films BASEketball, Idle Hands, and Mumford. International hallmarking has been plagued by difficulties, because even amongst countries which implement hallmarking, standards and enforcement varies considerably, making it difficult for one country to accept another's hallmarking as equivalent to its own. Her first television role was on the nightime drama Baywatch from 1997 to 1998. The latest changes in 1999 were made to the UK hallmarking system to bring the system closer into line with the European Union (EU). The work allowed her the opportunity to travel to many exotic locales, including Fiji, Honduras, and throughout South America. All four remaining assay offices finally adopted the same date letter sequences. She became Playboy's Playmate of the Month in April 1997, and was also featured in several of its newsstand specials. In 1975, the 1973 Hallmarking Act was enacted, introducing Platinum marking. With her family's approval, she traveled to Chicago for a photo shoot. The Sterling standard was restored in 1720. In 1996, Monaco sent nude photos of herself to Playboy magazine and was contacted one month later by the men's publication. In 1697, a higher standard of silver, known as the Britannia standard (95.8% silver) was made compulsory in England to protect the new coinage which was being melted down by silversmiths for the silver. With dreams of becoming an actress, she planned her escape from the Poconos. At this time, the date letter system was introduced in England. She then attended Northampton Community College in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, where she majored in mass communications for two years, and worked as a lifeguard at the Mount Airy Lodge in Mount Pocono. In 1478, the Assay Office was established in Goldsmiths' Hall. Monaco excelled at sports, including soccer, swimming, tennis, track, and softball, as well as speech, debate and drama during her years at Pocono Mountain High School in Swiftwater, where she graduated in 1994. In 1427, the date letter system was established in France, allowing the accurate dating of any hallmarked piece. Although initially unhappy about the move, she eventually learned to love her peaceful surroundings. In 1355, individual maker marks were introduced in France, which was mirrored in England in 1363, adding accountability to the two systems. The Monacos relocated from Philadelphia to the rural Pocono Mountains region of Pennsylvania before Kelly became a teenager. In 1327, King Edward III of England granted a charter to the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths (more commonly known as the Goldsmiths' Company), marking the beginning of the Company's formal existence. Kelly grew up in a traditional Italian American Catholic household, the third of five sisters. In 1300, King Edward I of England enacted a statute ordering that all silver articles must meet the Sterling silver standard (92.5% pure silver), and should be assayed by 'guardians of the craft', who would then mark the item with a leopard's head. Kelly Marie Monaco (born May 23, 1976 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American model, actress, and reality television contestant. Hallmarking probably started in France, the standard for silver being established in 1260, but the first town mark was established in 1275. Playboy's Girls of Summer June 2003. Hallmarking is Europe's earliest form of consumer protection. Playboy's Sexy 100 February 2003. Byzantine silver from this time has a system of five marks which have not been completely deciphered. Playboy's Blondes, Brunettes & Redheads March 2002. Hallmarking may have begun as long ago as the sixth century AD. Playboy's Nude Playmates April 2001 — pages 80–81. . 75 September 2000. Sanders)". Playboy's Book of Lingerie Vol. the dramatic flourishes which are the hallmark of the trial lawyer -- Marion K. 74 July 2000 - pages 36-37. Merriam-Webster also defines hallmark as "a distinguishing characteristic, trait, or feature (eg. Playboy's Book of Lingerie Vol. Often the hallmark is made up of several elements including: the type of metal, the maker and the year of the marking. 5 June 2000. A hallmark is only applied after the item has been assayed to determine its purity. Playboy's Celebrating Centerfolds Vol. This should not be confused with a marking, often just a number such as 925, which is done voluntarily by the manufacturer, and unfortunately does not always reflect the true purity of the metal. Playboy's Girls of Summer May 2000. A hallmark is an official marking made by a trusted party, usually an assay office, on items made of precious metals (platinum, gold and silver) that guarantees a certain purity of the metal. 2 April 2000. Uzbekistan. Playboy's Natural Beauties Vol. United Kingdom. 71 January 2000 — front & back covers, pages 1–3, 36–37, 66–67, 76–81, 92–93. Switzerland. Playboy's Book of Lingerie Vol. Sweden. Playboy's Wet & Wild December 1999. Slovenia. Playboy's Nudes December 1999 — pages 64–65. Singapore. Playboy's Barefoot Beauties December 1999. Norway. Playboy's Girlfriends September 1999 — pages 32–41. Netherlands. 69 September 1999. Malta. Playboy's Book of Lingerie Vol. Malaysia. Playboy's Hardbodies July 1999. Luxembourg. 68 July 1999 — pages 14–17. Latvia. Playboy's Book of Lingerie Vol. Italy. Playboy's Girls of Summer June 1999. Hong Kong. 1 May 1999. Greece. Playboy's Natural Beauties Vol. Germany. 67 May 1999 — pages 80–81. Finland. Playboy's Book of Lingerie Vol. Estonia. 3 February 1999 — pages 88–91. Denmark. Playboy's Playmates in Bed Vol. Cyprus. Playboy's Girls of Winter January 1999 — cover, pages 28–29, 34–35, 40–41, 44–45. Belgium. Playboy's Nudes December 1998 — pages 30–31, 46–47. Austria. Playboy's Playmate Tests November 1998. 64 November 1998 — pages 20–23. Playboy's Book of Lingerie Vol. 63 September 1998 — pages 34–35. Playboy's Book of Lingerie Vol. 14 August 1998 — pages 26–33. Playboy's Playmate Review Vol. |