Ferrari

The company's loftiest efforts have been in the supercar market. In the Marillion song Bitter Suite from "Misplaced Childhood" there is a reference to Lyon. The later Testarossa remains one of the most famous Ferraris. Lyon is twinned with:. Ferrari entered the mid-engined 12-cylinder fray with the Berlinetta Boxer in 1971. The long list of notable Lyonnais includes:. The company has also produced front-engined 2+2 cars, culminating in the current 612 Scaglietti. Despite occasional problems with the technology infrastructure or lack of cards in vending machines, it seems to have been adopted as a viable means of public transport.

Although they looked quite different from their 2-seat counterparts, both the GT4 and Mondial were very closely-related to the 308 GTB. The system was introduced in May 2005 and was a huge success in its first few months of operation. For a time, Ferrari built 2+2 versions of its mid-engined V8 cars. Known as Vélo'v, it is owned and operated by the advertising company JCDecaux, which refers to it as Cyclocity. Ferrari quickly moved into the Gran Turismo market, and the bulk of the company's sales remain in this area. Lyon has a public bicycle network of 2000 bikes which can be picked up and dropped off at points around the city. V6 and V8 Ferrari models make up well over half of the marque's total production. In addition to the extensive metro and bus system, Lyon has a tramway system.

This layout would go on to be used in most Ferraris of the 1980s and 1990s. The TCL (Transport en Commun Lyonnais : Lyon's Public transport) serves 62 communes of the Lyons agglomeration and constitutes the second grid system jointly French. The Dino was the first mid-engined Ferrari. Metro: see Lyon Metro. Ferrari's earliest models were pure sports cars, not the exotics we know today. 1982.
. It was the first city to be connected by the TGV c.

. Lyon is connected to the North (Lille, Paris) and the South (Marseille, Montpellier) by the TGV.
. Airport: Saint-Exupéry International Airport.
. The red vestments of the canons of Lyon are said to have given rise to red becoming the signature color of the cardinals, in a decree promulgated under Pope Innocent IV at the First Council of Lyons, 1245. In the mid 1990s, Ferrari added the letter "F" to the beginning of all models (a practice quickly abandoned after the F512M and F355, but recently picked up again with the F430). The archdiocese dates to Roman times before Franks entered modern France (see history above).

The various Dino models were named for Enzo's son. The Roman Catholic Archbishop of the city holds the title "Primate of the Gauls" (Primat des Gaules) and is the leading Archbishop of France. This was probably to avoid confusion with the multiple 250 models produced before the GTO. Two of France's best known wine-growing regions are located near Lyon: the Beaujolais to the North, and the Côtes du Rhône to the South. As well, the 250 GTO's famous acronym, which means Gran Turismo Omologato, was simply a name the Italian press gave the car which referred to the way Ferrari had, in a sense, avoided the rules and successfully homologated the car for racing purposes (Somehow, Ferrari had convinced the FIA, the 250 GTO was the same car as previous 250's). During the event, the local population places candles in their windows and the city of Lyon organizes and projects impressive large-scale light shows onto the sides of important Lyonais monuments, such as the mediaeval Cathédral St-Jean. (North American Racing Team, who raced Ferrari's in America) won the famous 24 hour race of the same name. December 8 each year is marked by "la Fête de la Lumière" (the Festival of Lights), a celebration of thanks to the Virgin Mary, who purportedly saved the city from a deadly plague in the Middle Ages.

The 365 GTB4 model only became known as a Daytona after racing variants run by N.A.R.T. The Lumière brothers invented cinema in the town in 1898. Many such names are actually not official factory names. For several centuries Lyon has been known as the capital of gastronomy, fine handweaving, and the silk trade. Many Ferraris also had other names affixed (like Daytona) to identify them further. Lyon was an early center for printing books, and nurtured a circle of 16th century poets. This naming system can be confusing, as some entirely different vehicles used the same engine type and body style. Interpol headquarters is located in this neighborhood.

In general, the following conventions were used:. This area also contains the Parc de la tête d'or, one of Europe's largest urban parks. Most Ferraris were also given designations referring to their body style. Across the Rhône from the presqu'ile sits modern Lyon, home to the urban center Lyon Part-Dieu; central France's only skyscraper; and most of the city's population. Until the mid-1990s, Ferrari followed a three-number naming scheme based on engine displacement:. Specifically, it is the largest clear square (i.e., without any patches of greenery, trees or any other kind of obstacles) in Europe. This was done as a protest concerning arguments between Ferrari and the Italian Racing Authorities regarding the homologation of a new mid-engined Ferrari race car. On the peninsula (presqu'ile) between the rivers Rhône and Saône, is the third largest public square in France, and one of the largest in Europe, the Place Bellecour.

Curiosly, Ferrari won the 1964 World championship with John Surtees by competing the last two races in cars painted white&blue, as these were not entered by the Italian factory themselves, but the US-based NART team. The Saint-Jean and the Croix-Rousse areas, which are noted for their narrow passageways (traboules) that pass through buildings and link the streets either side, were designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1998. When BMW re-entered F1 in 2000, they also made sure that the cars of WilliamsF1 were painted white and blue. Croix-Rousse the hill that works was traditionally home to the many small silk workshops, an industry for which the city was renowned. the green Jaguar Racing in F1 as well as the blue on current Renault F1 cars, which was originally contributed by a tobacco sponsor. Fourvière, known as the hill that prays is the location for the highly decorated Notre-Dame de Fourvière basilica, several convents, the palace of the Archbishop, the Tour métallique (a highly visible TV tower) and a funicular. In recent years, these traditional colors have resurfaced in some cases, eg. The Rhône and Saône rivers meet at the south end of the city, which is dominated by the two hills Fourvière and the Croix-Rousse.

Since 1996, the Ferrari F1 cars are said to be painted in a brighter, nearly orange red, in order to fit better to their tobacco sponsor. (See also Klaus Barbie.) The traboules, or secret passages, through the houses enabled the local people to escape Gestapo raids. The shade of the color varies, though. Lyon was a centre for the occupying German forces and also a stronghold of resistance during World War II, and the town is now home to a resistance museum. These national colors were mostly replaced by sponsor liveries since 1968, but unlike most other teams, Ferrari always kept the traditional red. The 1831 uprising saw one of the first recorded uses of the black flag as an emblem of protest. For example, a yellow Ferrari 156 was entered and driven in the 1961 Belgian Grand Prix by Olivier Gendebien from Belgium, scoring 4th behind 3 other Ferrari 156 painted in red, as they were entered by the Scuderia Ferrari itself, but driven by Americans Phil Hill&Richie Ginther as well as German Wolfgang von Trips. The silk workers of Lyon, known as canuts, staged two major uprisings: in 1831 and 1834.

The color was not determined by the country the car was made in, nor by the nationality of the driver(s), but by the nationality of the team that entered the vehicle. Bartholomew's Day Massacres in 1572. In that scheme, French cars like Bugatti were blue, German like BMW and Porsche white (since 1934 also Silver Arrows), British racing green etc. Lyon was a scene of mass violence against Huguenots in the St. This was the customary national racing color of Italy, as recommended between the World Wars by the organisations that later would become the FIA. Thanks to the silk trade, Lyon became an important industrial town during the 19th century. Since the 1920s, Italian race cars of Alfa Romeo, Maserati and later Ferrari and Abarth were (and often still are) painted in "race red" (Rosso Corsa). During the Renaissance, the city developed with the silk trade, especially with Italy; the Italian influence on Lyon's architecture can still be seen.

One example is quite prominent next to roads in Austria and Eastern European countries, as an Austrian company, named "avanti" (http://www.avanti.at) since 1972, operates over 100 filling stations marked with a prancing horse logo which is nearly identical to Ferrari's. When international banking moved to Genoa, then Amsterdam, Lyon simply became the banking center of France; its new Bourse (treasury), built in 1749, still resembled a public bazaar where accounts were settled in the open air. Yet, other companies use similar logos. The fairs in Lyon, the invention of Italian merchants, made it the economic countinghouse of France in the late 15th century. The prancing horse is now a trademark of Ferrari. 327). But, as Ferrari's fame grew, Ducati abandoned the horse; this may have been the result of a private agreement between the two brands. Fernand Braudel remarked, "Historians of Lyon are not sufficiently aware of the bi-polarity between Paris and Lyon, which is a constant structure in French development" from the late Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution (Braudel 1984 p.

Taglioni's father was, in fact, a companion of Baracca's and fought with him in the 91st Air Squad. In 843, by the Treaty of Verdun, Lyon, with the country beyond the Saône, went to Lothair I. The prancing horse has not always been uniquely identified with the Ferrari brand: Fabio Taglioni used it on his Ducati motorbikes. Burgundian refugees from the destruction of Worms by Huns in 437 were resettled by the military commander of the west, Aëtius, at Lugdunum, which was formally the capital of the new Burgundian kingdom by 461. Ever since, the cavallino was shown on the Alfas that were competing against the Silver Arrows of Mercedes-Benz and Auto Union, among others. The great Christian bishop of Lyon in the 2nd century was the Easterner Irenaeus. The first race at which Alfa Romeo would let Ferrari use the horse on the Alfas entered by his Scuderia Ferrari was eleven years later at Spa 24 Hours in 1932, which the Ferrari-led Alfa team won. The Christians in Lyon were persecuted for their religious views under the reigns of the Roman emperors Marcus Aurelius and Septimus Severus.

Baracca using the Stuttgart horse from a shot-down plane ties in with the fact that his family owned many horses. Two emperors were born in this city: Claudius and Caracalla. This is supported by the evidence Barraca's horse looks more similar to the one of Stuttgart (not changed since 1938) than the current Ferrari design, especially as the legs of the horses are concerned. It then became the capital of Gaul, partly thanks to its fortunate site at the convergence of two navigable rivers, and quickly became the main city of Gaul. Another theory suggests Baracca copied the rampant horse design from a shot-down German pilot who had the emblem of the city of Stuttgart on his plane. Agrippa recognized that Lugdunum's position on the natural highway from northern to south-eastern France made it a natural communications hub, and he made Lyon the starting point of the principal Roman roads throughout Gaul. It has been supposed the choice of a horse was perhaps partly because his noble family was known for having many horses on their estates at Lugo di Romagna. The three parts of Gaul mentioned by Caesar met at Lyon.

Ferrari left the horse black as it had been on Baracca's plane; however, he added a canary yellow background as this is the color of the city of Modena, his birthplace. Lug's 'totem' was a cock (rooster), hence the Modern French association with 'le coq'. The Countess asked Enzo to use this horse on his cars, suggesting that it would grant him good luck. The name was latinised as Lugdunum; Lug was equated by the Romans to Mercurius. On June 17, 1923, Enzo Ferrari won a race at the Savio track in Ravenna where he met the Countess Paolina, mother of Count Francesco Baracca, a legendary asso (ace) of the Italian air force and national hero during World War I, who used to paint a horse on the side of his planes. Lyon was founded as a Roman colony in 43 BC by Munatius Plancus, a lieutenant of Caesar, on the site of a Gaulish hill-fort settlement called Lug[o]dunon—from the Celtic sun god Lugus ('Light', cognate to Old Irish Lugh, Modern Irish Lú) and dúnon (hill-fort). Enzo Ferrari met these competitors many times since the 1920s while competing for Alfa. Lyon, similarly to Marseille and Paris is divided into 9 municipal arrondissements, referred to by number.

Stuttgart, called Stoccarda by the Italians, is the home of Mercedes-Benz and Ferrari's rival Porsche, which also uses the Stuttgart sign in its corporate logo, centered in the emblem of the state of Württemberg just like the city is placed within the state. Lyon is the capital of the Rhône-Alpes région, the préfecture of the Rhône département, and the capital of 14 cantons, covering 1 commune, and with a total population of 445,452 (1999). This name is derived from Stutengarten, an ancient form of the modern German word Gestüt, which translates into English as stud farm and into Italian as scuderia. . Curiously, a similar black horse on a yellow shield is the Coat of Arms of the German city of Stuttgart. Lyon is also the international headquarters of Interpol. The road cars have a rectangular badge on the front hood (see picture above). Lyonnaise Region is an unofficial, popular name, not to be confused with the administrative région of Rhône-Alpes, which is much larger than the Lyonnaise Region.

The famous symbol of the Ferrari race team is a black prancing horse on yellow shield-shaped background, usually with the letters S F for Scuderia Ferrari, and with three stripes of the Italian national colors green-white-red on top. Today the region around Lyon is still known as Lyonnais (French: le Lyonnais), or sometimes even as the Lyonnaise Region (French: Région Lyonnaise). Famous drivers include Tazio Nuvolari, Juan Manuel Fangio, Alberto Ascari, Phil Hill, Mike Hawthorn, John Surtees, Niki Lauda, Jody Scheckter, Gilles Villeneuve, Nigel Mansell, Alain Prost and Michael Schumacher. The city gave its name to the Lyonnais province, of which it was the capital. As of 2004, the team's records include fourteen World Drivers Championship titles (1952, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1964, 1975, 1977, 1979, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004), fourteen World Constructors Championship titles (1961, 1964, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004), 179 grand prix victories, 3445 and a half points, 544 podium finishes, 174 pole positions, 11,182 laps led, and 180 fastest laps in 1622 grands prix contested. Lyon is the capital of the Rhône-Alpes région, and the préfecture (capital) of the Rhône département. Ferrari is the oldest team left in the championship, not to mention the most successful: the team holds nearly every Formula One record. Together with its suburbs and satellite towns, Lyon forms the second largest metropolitan area in France after Paris, with 1,648,216 inhabitants at the 1999 census, and approximately the 20th to 25th largest metropolitan area of Western Europe.

Alberto Ascari gave Ferrari its first World Championship a year later. Location: 45°46′1″N, 4°50′3″E. José Froilán González gave the team its first victory at the 1951 British Grand Prix. Lyon (often Lyons in English) (French pronunciation: /ljɔ̃/) is a city in east central France. The Scuderia joined the Formula One World Championship in the first year of its existence, 1950. A historical article about a 19th century flood inspired the 1979 song The Flood at Lyons by Renaissance. After Ferrari's departure from Alfa, he began to design and produce cars of his own; the Ferrari team first appeared on the European grand prix scene after the end of World War II. Yokohama, Japan, 1959 Yokohama's Sister City page.

His Scuderia started as an independent sponsor for drivers in various cars, but soon became the Alfa Romeo in-house racing team. Frankfurt, Germany, 1960. Enzo Ferrari's true passion, despite his extensive road car business, was always auto racing. Saint Louis, United States, 1975. Main article: Scuderia Ferrari. Milan, Italy, 1966. As of 2004, FIAT owns 56% of Ferrari, Mediobanca 15%, Commerzbank 10%, Lehman Brothers 7%, and Enzo's son Piero Ferrari 10%. Guangzhou, China, 1988.

Other design houses that have done work for Ferrari over the years include Scaglietti, Bertone, Touring, Ghia, and Vignale. Birmingham, Great Britain, 1951 Birmingham's Partner City page. Ferrari road cars, noted for nice styling by design houses like Pininfarina, have long been one of the ultimate accessories for the rich. Hector Guimard, Art Nouveau architect. While his beautiful and blazingly fast cars quickly gained a reputation for excellence, Enzo maintained a famous distaste for his customers, most of whom he felt were buying his cars for the prestige and not the performance. Bernard Pivot, journalist. Image:Ferrarimascot.jpg The first Ferrari road car was the 1947 125 S, powered by a 1.5 L V12 engine; Enzo reluctantly built and sold his automobiles to fund the Scuderia. Caracalla, IIInd century roman emperor.

"Scuderia Ferrari" literally means "Ferrari Stable" in keeping with the prancing horse emblem; the name is figuratively translated as "Team Ferrari." (It is correctly pronounced "skoo dee ry ah".). Bertrand Tavernier, movies director. Right up to Il Commendatore's death, this would remain little more than a source of funding for his first love, racing. Raymond Domenech, trainer French football team. The factory was bombed in 1944 and rebuilt in 1946 to include a works for road car production. Youri Djorkaeff, football player. In 1943 the Ferrari factory moved to Maranello, where it has remained ever since. Henri Cochet, tennis player.

Because he was prohibited by contract from racing for several years, the Scuderia briefly became Auto Avio Costruzioni Ferrari, which ostensibly produced machine tools and aircraft accessories.Also known as SEFAC Ferrari did in fact produce one racecar, the Tipo 815, in the non-competition period; it was thus the first actual Ferrari car (it debuted at the 1940 Mille Miglia), but due to World War II it saw little competition. Bishop Mathias Loras, the first Bishop of the Dubuque, Iowa Diocese. In 1940, upon learning of the company's plan to absorb his beloved Scuderia and take control of his racing efforts, he quit Alfa. Jean-Michel Jarre, musician. Ferrari prepared and successfully raced various drivers in Alfa Romeo cars until 1938, when he was officially hired by Alfa as head of their racing department. Maurice Jarre, composer. Enzo Ferrari never intended to produce road cars when he formed Scuderia Ferrari in 1929 as a sponsor for amateur drivers headquartered in Modena. Marie-France Gaîté (la Gribouille), singer.

. Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, aviation pioneer and writer. The company is based in Maranello, near Modena, Italy. Tony Garnier, architect and utopian planner. At first, Scuderia Ferrari sponsored drivers and manufactured racecars; the company went into independent car production in 1946, eventually became Ferrari S.p.A., and is now controlled by the Fiat group. Jules Favre, republican statesman. Ferrari is an Italian manufacturer of high-end race cars and high-performance sports cars formed by Enzo Ferrari in 1929. Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, painter.

1996 F50 GT. Shlomo Aviner, renowned Religious Zionist rabbi. 1994 333 SP. François Rabelais, 16th century writer. 1971 312 PB. Louise Labé, 16th century poet. 1969 512 S and 512 M. Cathédrale Saint-Jean.

1969 312 P. Cité Internationale, 1998, Renzo Piano, architect. 1967 412 P. Lyon Airport Railway Station, 1994, Santiago Calatrava, architect. 1967 330 P4. Opéra National de Lyon, renovation and expansion 1993, Jean Nouvel, architect. 1966 330 P3. Guillaume Gilbert, architect.

1965 330 P2. Satolas Airport, 1975. 1964 330 P. Sainte Marie de La Tourette monastery, 1960, Le Corbusier, architect. 1964 250 LM. La Mouche Cattle Market and Abbatoir, 1914, 1928, Tony Garnier, architect. 1963 250 P. Tour métallique de Fourvière, 1894.

1963 P/LM series