Europe

Outside of these three main groups we can find:. Total Worldwide Sales: 30 million (Taking into account her albums in Spanish: Xuxa, Xuxa 2, Xuxa 3, Todos sus Éxitos, El Pequeño Mundo, Xuxa Dance, El Mundo es de los Dos, Xuxa Solamente para Bajitos) Since Xou da Xuxa era, she sold 14 million copies. This area consists of: Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, the Republic of Macedonia, Poland, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia and Ukraine. Her first animated movie and 5th 'Só para Baixinhos' CD are coming out soon. The main religions are Orthodox Christianity and Catholicism, with large Muslim populations in some parts formerly ruled by the Ottoman Empire. Her show 'TV Xuxa' is in the number one spot for children's programming in Brazil. This area corresponds, more or less, to Central and Eastern Europe. She has an on and off relationship with model and heir Luciano Szafir, father of her daughter.

Slavic Europe, where Slavic languages are spoken. Nine months before, she had announced live at Globo's Sunday show Domingão do Faustão that her dream would come true and she would have a child. This area consists of: Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, Romania, Moldova, French-speaking Belgium, Romandy, Romansh-speaking Switzerland, and Italian-speaking Switzerland. In 1998, her daughter was born live on Jornal Nacional, the most important and most watched news shows in Brazil. The major religion is Catholicism, except in Romania and Moldova. Xuxa is one of the richest women in Brazil, with a net worth of more than US$160 million. This area corresponds more or less to south-western Europe, with the exception of Romania and Moldova which are situated in Eastern Europe. She and Julio Iglesias were the only Latin Americans on the list.

Latin Europe, where the Romance languages are spoken. In 1991, she was one of the 40 Best Paid Celebrities in the World according to Forbes. This region consists of: United Kingdom, Ireland, Iceland, Germany, Austria, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, the Faroe Islands, German speaking part of Switzerland, the Flemish part of Belgium, the Swedish-speaking municipalities of Finland, and the South Tyrol part of Italy. Xuxa is richer than Roberto Carlos, the best-selling artist ever in Brazil. The main religion of the region is Protestantism, (except for `France and Ireland) but the further south you go, you encounter more countries with a Catholic majority (particularly Austria but also Belgium). But, while Xuxa is just a TV personality, Silvio Santos is also the owner of SBT. This area corresponds more or less to north-western Europe and some parts of central Europe. Ahead of her, only Silvio Santos, who is the presenter of lots of shows from the number 2-net: SBT.

Germanic Europe, where Germanic languages are spoken. Xuxa is one of the richest Brazilian entertainers. There are three main groups:. Her revealing clothes were not a big controversy in Brazil, which has traditionally been more relaxed about nudity than North America or Western Europe, and most of Brazilians didn't see anything wrong with the clothes she wore. The sub-division in several linguistic and cultural regions is much less subjective than the geographical sub-division, since they correspond to people's cultural connections. Just about anything could be found with her face on it in stores in Brazil and across Latin America. Notes:
. She had a multiplicity of licensed products since the 80s, from bubble gum to televisions, Shampoos, soap, food, books, clothes, shoes, dolls, toys, video games and board games.

These regions have declared, and de facto achieved, independence; however, they are not recognised de jure by other independent states. Xuxa's biggest singles were during her Xou da Xuxa era, the biggest of them all being Ilariê, but she was also successful with Lua de Cristal; Tindolelê; Brincar de Índio and Arco-Íris. Following are breakaway regions of independent states. The album included the hit Ilarie, which went to Number 1 across Latin America and it was the bestselling single and most-played song on the radio in 1989. Dependencies located in other continents are listed elsewhere. Her third album is the best-selling album in Brazilian history, selling almost 4 million copies. Note that this is not a list of all dependencies of all European countries. She is still popular with children today, who listen to her CD collection 'Só Para Baixinhos'.

In the list below, each territory is followed by its legal status. Xuxa is a Brazilian icon, who was part of the childhood of many young people born in the 1980s and 1990s. Most have a degree of autonomy.
. The European territories listed below are recognised as being culturally and geographically defined. After she was hospitalized for several days due to exhaustion, she decided to give up her international career. ¹ Armenia and Cyprus are not a part of Europe geographically, but may be considered to be European culturally.
² Azerbaijan and Georgia have territory in Europe north of the crest of the Caucasus and the Kura River.
³ Some integral parts of France are located outside Europe.
⁴ Russia and Kazakhstan have territory in Europe west of the Ural Mountains and both the Ural and Emba Rivers.
⁵ The name of this state is a matter of international dispute; see Republic of Macedonia.
⁶ Netherlands and two entites outside Europe (Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles, in the Caribbean) form the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
⁷ The Portuguese Madeira Islands are located in the North Altantic Ocean near the African mainland.
⁸ State union of Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro.
⁹ The Spanish Canary Islands are located in the North Atlantic Ocean; plazas de soberanía (exclaves) are located on the African mainland.
¹⁰ Turkey has territory in Europe west and north of the Bosporus and the Dardanelles.
. Her international ambitions ended after she taped 22 episodes of her American show in a month.

The following independent states may be considered to be in Europe:. The theme song of the show spent 8 weeks on the top of the charts and her CD charted gold. Europe passed well over 600 million people before the turn of the 20th century, but now is entering a period of population decline due to a variety of social factors. Also in 1993, she taped "Xuxa Park" in Spain. In contemporary times Europe has one of the lowest inbreeding rates in the world because of an extensive transport network paired with open borders. Many parents were taken aback by her seemingly open displays of sexuality and lack of modest clothing as well as her practice of putting on bright red lipstick and kissing the cheeks of prepubescent males at the end of each show. Roman road building helped with the interbreeding of the native Europeans' genetics. However, the show was sold in many countries throughout the world, among them Japan, Israel, Russia and some Arab countries.

Neanderthal man and modern man coexisted during at least some of this time. Xuxa did not master the English language, which was her greatest barrier to success. 10,000 years ago. In 1993 Xuxa hosted an English language series in the United States, "Xuxa", but it did not achieve the popularity Xuxa had enjoyed throughout Latin America and Spain. Almost all of Europe was possibly settled before or during the last ice age ca. She also recorded a programme in Spain in 1992, Xuxa Park, which achieved a huge success. Some animals live in caves, for example proteus and bats. In the 90s, Xuxa became very popular in the whole of Latin America, widening her appeal among Spanish-speaking audiences, when she recorded a programme in Argentina, Show de Xuxa, which was also popular when broadcast in Chile, Mexico and other 16 Latin American countries.

Important animals that live in European seas are zooplankton, molluscs, echinoderms, different crayfish, squids and octopuses, fish, dolphins, and whales. As of 2005, Xuxa is about to release her first animated movie. The sea flora is mainly phytoplankton. In 2003 she did another fantasy movie, Xuxa em Abracadabra and in 2004, Xuxa e o Tesouro da Cidade Perdida (Xuxa and the Treasure of the Lost City). Sea creatures are also an important part of European flora and fauna. The movie was a hit and a sequel was made for the following year. Important European herbivores are snails, amphibians, fish, different birds, and mammals, like rodents, deers and roe deers, boars, and living in the mountains, marmots, steinbocks, chamoises among others. A fantasy movie, it not only had many cameos, but also a story line and no advertisements, a first for Xuxa's movie.

Other important European carnivores are Eurasian lynx, European wild cat, foxes (especially the red fox), jackal and different species of martens, hedgehogs, different species of snakes (vipers, grass snake...), different birds (owls, hawks and other birds of prey). Then, in 2001 she did her first children's movie in twelve years, Xuxa e os Duendes. The wolf, the second largest predator in Europe after the brown bear, can be found primarily in Eastern Europe and in the Balkans, with a handful of packs in Spain and Scandinavia. Targeted at teenagers, the movie was still a hit with the audience and next year, a movie in the same style (no story line, lots of advertisements, lots of popular actors/groups/singers making cameos) was made, called Xuxa Popstar. In addition, polar bears may be found on Svalbard, an autonomous Norwegian island region far north of Scandinavia. In 1999 Xuxa appeared in Xuxa Requebra (Xuxa in Shake It), a movie that was a critical flop but a big hit with the audience. Today, the brown bear lives primarily in the Balkan peninsula, Scandinavia, and Russia; a small number also persist in other countries across Europe (Austria, Pyrenees etc.), but in these areas brown bear populations are fragmented and marginalised because of the destruction of their habitat. The second was her biggest box office hit, spawning her hit single 'Lua de Cristal'.

By the Middle Ages the bears' habitats were limited to more or less inaccessible mountains with sufficient forest cover. The following year, she starred in two movies: Xuxa e os Trapalhões em 'O Mistério de Robin Hood' (Xuxa and The Messed-Up Guys in 'The Mystery of Robin Hood') and Lua de Cristal (Crystal Moon). However, deforestation caused these animals to withdraw further and further. In 1989 she starred for the first time in a movie with the comedy group Os Trapalhões in A Princesa Xuxa e Os Trapalhões (Princess Xuxa and The Messed-Up Guys), which was another hit. Once they were found in most parts of Europe. Xuxa is also an actress and, together with comedy group Os Trapalhões, she has the 9 biggest Box Office hits in Brazilian history. Today wolves (carnivores) and bears (omnivores) are endangered. In her children's shows, she consistently wore tight clothing, showing her belly, legs, and even parts of her buttocks, and in her first LP (also targeted at children), she revealed her breasts on the cover by wearing a translucent shirt.

The woolly mammoth and aurochs were extinct before the end of the Neolithic period. Xuxa, however, being one of the most popular Brazillian TV personalities at the time, was kept on and a new show, TV Xuxa was launched, containing more educational content and cartoons, and less of Xuxa than previous shows. As for the animals, in many parts of Europe most large animals and top predator species have been hunted to extinction. The show was initially successful, but following a dispute between Xuxa and her manager, Marlene Matos, ratings for the show began to decline, resulting in the show being pulled from air in 2004. Glaciation during the most recent ice age and the presence of man affected the distribution of European fauna. In 2001 Xuxa began a new children's show, Xuxa No Mundo da Imaginação (Xuxa at the World of Imagination), a show for preschool children on weekday mornings. A narrow east-west tongue of Eurasian grassland—the steppe—extends eastwards from Ukraine and southern Russia and ends in Hungary and traverses into taiga to the north. She also began her first tour since the end of her Xou da Xuxa show, and won two Grammy awards.

The semi-arid Mediterranean region hosts much scrub forest. Reinvented as a children's entertainer, Xuxa began the Xuxa Só para Baixinhos (Xuxa Just for Kids) series, releasing CDs and a videotape with song clips. Coniferous forests prevail at higher altitudes up to the forest boundary and as one moves north within Russia and Scandinavia, giving way to tundra as the Arctic is approached. Both shows had good ratings but were cancelled after a fire on the set at Xuxa Park during a show casued serious injuries to members of the crew and children in the audience. Another common species in Southern Europe is the cypress. Xuxa Park was a modern version of her original show, Xou da Xuxa. In the Mediterranean, many olive trees have been planted, which are very well adapted to its arid climate. Xuxa Planet was a show aimed at teenagers, and was controversial in that she would interview stars about their sex lives.

In the north, where taiga grows, a very common tree species is the birch tree. In the early 1990s Xuxa hosted two more shows: Xuxa Planet, and Xuxa Park. The most important species are beech, birch and oak. In 1988, at her peak in popularity, she featured in the highly successful movie Super Xuxa Contra o Baixo Astral (Super Xuxa Against the Low Happiness), that included her hit song Arco-Íris (Rainbow), a hit across Latin America that was the biggest box office success of the year in Brazil. In "mainland" Europe, deciduous forest prevails. After becoming famous for dating soccer star Pele, she hosted Xou da Xuxa, a weekday morning show that featured musical performances, games, guests and cartoons from 1986 to 1993. The country with the smallest forest-covered area is Ireland (eight per cent), while the most forested country is Finland (72 %). Some scenes with underage actors in this movie would not be allowed by current Brazilian laws concerning child pornography.

The amount of original forests in Western Europe is just two to three per cent (in the European part of Russia five to ten per cent). While performing at nightclubs, she graced the centerfold of Playboy magazine's Brazilian edition in December 1982, which led to her being cast in the motion picture Amor Estranho Amor (Love Strange Love) IMDB page in which she plays a prostitute who seduces a 13 year old boy. The plantations and monocultures now cover vast areas of land and this offers very poor habitats for European forest dwelling species. . However, in many cases conifers have been preferred over original deciduous trees, because these grow quicker. One, for instance, involved a rented theme park, while another came with a $1,000,000 bill. During recent times, deforestation has been stopped and many trees were planted. Xuxa's maternal habits are often criticized, particularly as she has been very indulgent with Sasha, throwing her lavish parties.

Though over half of Europe's original forests disappeared through the centuries of colonisation, Europe still has over one quarter of the world's forests - spruce forests of Scandinavia, vast pine forests in Russia, chestnut rainforests of the Caucasus and the cork oak forests in the Mediterranean. Sasha studies at Brazil's most expensive school, the bilingual "Escola Americana do Rio de Janeiro" (EARJ), aslo known as the American School of Rio de Janeiro), with a tuition of about $2,000 per month. It stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to the Arctic Ocean. She had a daughter, Sasha, in 1998 whose birth was televised live. Eighty to ninety per cent of Europe was once covered by forest. Xuxa's personal life has often been very public and sometimes scandalous. Few corners of mainland Europe have not been grazed by livestock at some point in time, and the cutting down of the pre-agricultural forest habitat caused disruption to the original plant and animal ecosystems. Xuxa has dated Pelé and the late Ayrton Senna, both regarded as important figures in Brazil.

Others are oriented south-north (Scandinavian Mountains, Dinarides, Carpathians, Apennines) and because the rain falls primarily on the side of mountains that is oriented towards sea, forests grow well on this side, while on the other side, the conditions are much less favourable. Xuxa is of German, Austrian, Italian and Polish descent and was the first Brazilian to appear on Forbes Magazine's list of richest artists in 1991, taking 37th place with an annual gross income of US$19 million. Some of these (Alps, Pyrenees) are oriented east-west and allow the wind to carry large masses of water from the ocean in the interior. Her various shows have been broadcast in Portuguese, Spanish, and English languages. Mountain ridges also affect the conditions. Xuxa born (Maria da Graça Meneghel) on March 27, 1963 in Santa Rosa, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) is a Brazilian television actress and singer and children's television show host. There are frequent summer droughts in this region. 2005- Xuxinha e Guto Contra Os Monstros do Espaço.

Southern Europe could be described as having a warm, but mild climate. 2004 - Xuxa em O Tesouro da Cidade Perdida. In the north, the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift warm the continent. 2003 - Xuxa em Abracadabra. The conditions for growth are very favourable. 2002 - Xuxa e os Duendes 2. The main natural vegetation cover in Europe is forest. 2001 - Xuxa e os Duendes.

With the exception of Scandinavia and northern Russia, few areas of untouched wilderness are today to be found in Europe, except for different natural parks. 2000 - Xuxa Pop Star. Having lived side-by-side with agricultural peoples for millennia, Europe's animals and plants have been profoundly affected by the presence and activities of man. 1999 - Xuxa Requebra. Due to the few generalisations that can be made about the relief of Europe, it is less than surprising that its many separate regions provided homes for many separate nations throughout history. 1991 - Gaúcho Negro. The former is a land unto itself in the northern ocean which is counted as part of Europe, while the latter are upland areas that were once joined to the mainland until rising sea levels cut them off. 1990 - Lua de Cristal.

Iceland and the British Isles are special cases. 1990 - Xuxa e os Trapalhões e o Mistério de Hobin Hood. Sub-regions such as Iberia and Italy contain their own complex features, as does mainland Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys and basins that complicate the general trend. 1989 - A Princesa Xuxa e os Trapalhões. This description is simplified. 1988 - Super Xuxa contra Baixo-Astral. An arc of uplands also exists along the northwestern seaboard, beginning in the western British Isles and continuing along the mountainous, fjord-cut spine of Norway. 1985 - Os Trapalhões no reino da fantasia.

This extended lowland is known as the Great European Plain, and at its heart lies the North German Plain. 1984 - Os Trapalhoes e o Mágico de Orós. The southern regions, however, are more mountainous, while moving north the terrain descends from the high Alps, Pyrenees and Carpathians, through hilly uplands, into broad, low northern plains, which are vast in the east. 1983 - O Trapalhão na Arca de Noé. Land relief in Europe shows great variation within relatively small areas. 1982 - Amor estranho Amor. Eastward, mainland Europe widens much like the mouth of a funnel, until the boundary with Asia is reached at the Ural Mountains. 1982 - Fuscão Preto.

Three smaller peninsulas (Iberia, Italy and the Balkans) emerge from the southern margin of the mainland into the Mediterranean Sea, which separates Europe from Africa. 2005-Xuxa Só Pra Baixinhos 6 - Xuxa Festa. The two largest of these are "mainland" Europe and Scandinavia to the north, divided from each other by the Baltic Sea. 2004-Xuxa Só Pra Baixinhos 5. In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas. 2003-Xuxa Só Pra Baixinhos 4. This definition, however, excludes non-members such as Russia and Switzerland. 2002-Xuxa Só Pra Baixinhos 3.

In another usage, Europe is increasingly being used as a short-form for the European Union (EU) and its members, currently consisting of 25 member states and the candidate countries negotiating for membership, and several other countries expected to begin negotiations in the future (see Enlargement of the European Union). 2001-Xuxa Só Pra Baixinhos 2. In the past concepts such as Christendom were deemed more important. 2000-Xuxa Só Pra Baixinhos. Some non-European geographical texts refer to the continent of Eurasia, or to the European peninsula, given that Europe is not surrounded by sea. 1999-Xuxa 2000. The idea of the European continent is not held across all cultures. 1998-Só Faltava Você.

Almost all European countries are members of the Council of Europe, the exceptions being Belarus, and the Holy See (Vatican City). 1997-Boas Notícias. Therefore, in some sources, some countries are not included in Europe, while the other sources do include them. 1997-Arraiá da Xuxa. Because of political, cultural and geographical differences, there are various descriptions of Europe's boundary. 1996-Tô de Bem Com A Vida. For detailed description of the boundary between Asia and Europe see here.. 1996-Xuxa 10 Anos.

There is ongoing debate on where the geographical centre of Europe is. 1995-Luz No Meu Caminho. The western boundary is the Atlantic Ocean, but Iceland, much farther away than the nearest points of Africa, is also often included in Europe. 1994-Sexto Sentido. The Mediterranean Sea to the south separates Europe from Africa. 1993-Xuxa. However, numerous geographers consider Azerbaijan's and Armenia's southern border with Iran and Turkey's southern and eastern border with Syria, Iraq and Iran as the boundary between Asia and Europe because of political and cultural reasons. 1992-Xou da Xuxa 7.

The boundary continues to the Caspian Sea, the crest of the Caucasus Mountains or, alternatively, the Kura River in the Caucasus, and on to the Black Sea; the Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles conclude the Asian boundary. 1991-Xou da Xuxa 6. Most commonly the Ural or, alternatively, the Emba River serve as possible boundaries. 1990-Xuxa 5. The southeast boundary with Asia is not universally defined. Xou da Xuxa. The continent begins at the Ural Mountains in Russia, which define Europe's eastern boundary with Asia. 1989-4o.

Geographically Europe is a part of the larger landmass known as Eurasia. 1988-Xou da Xuxa 3. Around 1990, with the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Eastern bloc disintegrated. 1987-Karaokê da Xuxa. From the end of World War II through the end of the Cold War, Europe was divided into two major political and economic blocks: Communist nations in Eastern Europe (with the exceptions of Turkey and Greece) and capitalist countries in Western Europe and Southern Europe. 1987-Xegundo Xou da Xuxa. Many of the states in Europe took their present form in the aftermath of World War I. 1986-Xou da Xuxa.

The Industrial Revolution started in the United Kingdom in the late 18th century, leading to a move away from agriculture, much greater general prosperity and a corresponding increase in population. After these conquests Europe stabilised, but the old foundations were already beginning to crumble. The most famous of these conflicts was when Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power and set out on a conquest, forming a new French Empire that soon collapsed. The rise of democracy led to increased tensions within Europe on top of the tensions already existing due to competition within the New World.

This led to vast upheaval in Europe as these revolutionary ideas propagated across the continent. Struggles for independence arose, most notably in France during the period known as the French Revolution. After the age of discovery, the ideas of democracy took hold in Europe. They were later joined by France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom in building large colonial empires with vast holdings in Africa, the Americas, and Asia.

In the 15th century Portugal opened the age of discoveries, soon followed by Spain. The Renaissance and the New Monarchs marked the start of a period of discovery, exploration, and increase in scientific knowledge. Isolated monastic communities in Ireland and elsewhere carefully safeguarded and compiled written knowledge accumulated previously. During this time, the Ottoman Empire conquered Istanbul formerly known as Constantinople and finished the Byzantine Empire and became the most important power of all Europe.

That period has been known as the "Dark Ages" to Renaissance thinkers. Following the decline of the Roman Empire, Europe entered a long period of changes arising from what is known as the Age of Migrations. The Roman Empire divided the continent along the Rhine and Danube for several centuries. The origins of Western democratic and individualistic culture are often attributed to Ancient Greece, though numerous other distinct influences, in particular Christianity, can also be credited with the spread of concepts like egalitarianism and universality of law.

The recent discovery at Monte Poggiolo, Italy, of thousands of hand-shaped stones, tentatively carbon-dated to 800,000 years ago, may prove to be of particular importance. Europe has a long history of cultural and economic achievement, starting as far back as the Palaeolithic, although this is true for the rest of the Old World as well. Likewise, Asia is sometimes thought to have derived from the Akkadian word asu, meaning "sunrise", and is the land to the east from a Mesopotamian perspective. From the Middle Eastern vantagepoint, the sun does set over Europe, the lands to the west.

A minority, however, suggest this Greek popular etymology is really based on a Semitic word such as the Akkadian erebu meaning "sunset" (see also Erebus). The Greek term Europe has been derived from Greek words meaning broad (eurys) and face (ops) -- broad having been an epitheton of Earth herself in the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European religion; see Prithvi (Plataia). Later Europa stood for mainland Greece, and by 500 BC its meaning had been extended to lands to the north. For Homer, Europé (Greek: Ευρωπη; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was a mythological queen of Crete, not a geographical designation.

In Greek mythology, Europa was a Phoenician princess who was abducted by Zeus in bull form and taken to the island of Crete, where she gave birth to Minos. . In terms of population, it is the third-largest continent (Asia and Africa are larger) with a population of more than 705,000,000, or about 11% of the world's population. Europe is the world's second-smallest continent in terms of area, covering around 10,430,000 km² (4,020,000 sq mi) or 2.0% of the Earth's surface, and is only larger than Australia.

Europe's boundary to the east is vague, but has traditionally been given as the Ural Mountains and Caspian Sea to the southeast: the Urals are considered by most to be a geographical and tectonic landmark separating Asia from Europe. Europe is bounded to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the west by the Atlantic Ocean and to the south by the Mediterranean and the Caucasus. Physically and geologically, Europe is a subcontinent or large peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiogeographic one.

These countries are referred as "Baltic countries", a term that (in its modern sense) indicates the states around the Baltic Sea, which gained their independence from Russia after WWI and came under Soviet rule in 1940, including Estonia. Baltic languages are dominant in Lithuania and Latvia. The Armenian language is spoken in Armenia and other European countries with Armenian communities (such as France, Greece, Belgium, Russia, Germany etc.). Armenia, although not considered as part of Europe geographically, has a language that constitutes a separate branch of Indo-European family of languages and the nation is considered to be European culturally.

Finland is, due to cultural ties, considered part of the Nordic countries and Estonia is associated with Balticum. They are normally associated with northern European countries. Finland and Estonia, whose languages are distantly related to Hungarian. Due to its location, Hungary is normally grouped with Central or Eastern European countries.

Hungary, having a language not of Indo-European origin and distantly related to Finnish and Estonian. Moreover, it is mainly a Muslim country, as opposed to the rest of Europe where many denominations of Christianity prevail. Turkey, with the Turkish language, classified as Altaic and not of Indo-European origin. This group includes Georgians, Abkhaz, Chechens, Balkars, and a number of other smaller ethnic groups that reside in the Caucasus.

Ibero-Caucasian languages are not linked to the Indo-European languages. Ibero-Caucasian, a group that includes ethnic groups throughout the Caucasus region (both North and South). It is often associated with the Latin countries, due to the geographical and cultural ties to the Mediterranean Sea, and sometimes to the Slavic-Orthodox part of Europe due to the importance of Orthodoxy in Greece. In Hellenic Europe we can consider also the Greek Cypriot community.

Greece, the only country of "Hellenic Europe". Also considered Celtic nations are both Galicia (Spain) and Asturias, (within Spain), whose own Celtic language died out a millennium years ago, and England where Celtic culture persists, and Celtic dialect remains in many regional dialects (see Cumbric), although England's Celtic languages died out as recently as the 18th century in Devon. These are all nations where a Celtic language is spoken, or was spoken into modern times, and there is a degree of shared culture (see Pan Celticism). The Celtic nations: Scotland, Wales, Cornwall (within the United Kingdom); the Isle of Man (a British Crown dependency); Ireland; Brittany (within France).

Guernsey, Isle of Man, and Jersey are crown dependencies affiliated with the United Kingdom.
. ^ –5. ^  Russia is generally considered a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe (UN region) and Asia; population and area figures are for European portion only.
. Depending on definitions, various territories cited below (notes 2, 6-8, 10-15) may be in one or both of Europe and Asia, Africa, or Oceania.
.

^  Continental regions as per UN categorisations/map. Kosovo and Metohia (province of Serbia, administrated by UNMIK as per Security Council resolution 1244). Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (from Cyprus; recognised only by Turkey). Nagorno-Karabakh (from Azerbaijan; recognised only by Armenia).