This page will contain blogs about easyjet, as they become available.EasyJet
StrategyeasyJet and its Republic of Ireland-based rival Ryanair are by far the largest low cost airlines in Europe, and the rivalry between them is intense and sometimes vituperative (especially on Ryanair's side from its high profile chief executive Michael O'Leary). The two companies have slightly different strategies. easyJet flies mainly to leading airports while Ryanair uses far more secondary airports to reduce costs. easyJet places more focus on attracting business travellers as well as leisure travellers, although all its aircraft have single-class cabins. Ryanair makes much of the fact that easyJet's average fares are higher and its average punctuality is consistently lower. This is mainly due to the different range of airports used and Ryanair routinely scheduling flights to take thirty minutes longer than required. As of September 2005, Ryanair flies more passengers, but easyJet has a higher turnover, leading both of them to claim to be "Europe's number one low cost airline". Ryanair has come under critisism for using agressive advertising techniques to inform consumers of their low fares. The Irish airline claims to be 50% cheaper than easyJet, despite their fees and taxes being up to three times more expensive than those of easyJet's. HistoryThe airline was established on 18 October 1995 and started operations on 10 November 1995. It was launched by Stelios Haji-Ioannou with two leased Boeing 737-200 aircraft wet leased from GB Airways and operating two routes: London Luton to Glasgow and Edinburgh. Its early marketing strategy was based on 'making flying as affordable as a pair of jeans' and urged travellers to 'cut out the travel agent'. This caused much outrage among travel agents. In March 1998 it purchased a 40% stake in TEA Switzerland, renamed EasyJet Switzerland. easyJet was floated on the London stock exchange in October 2000. Operations were boosted in 2002 with the acquisition of rival airline, London Stansted based Go Fly. In December 2003 easyJet announced it would open a new hub in Berlin, at Schönefeld Airport, from which it started flying on 11 routes from May 2004. easyJet's main shareholder is Stelios Haji-Ioannou. It also holds a 49% stake in easyJet Switzerland. easyJet is claimed to be a more business-oriented airline than Ryanair, since it flies to major airports (as opposed to secondary airports) and has recently removed limits on hand luggage weight (within reason). HubseasyJet's main base is London Luton (LTN), although its largest is now at London Gatwick (LGW). It also has hubs at:-
DestinationsA detailed list of cities served can be found in easyJet destinations. FleetThe easyJet fleet consists of the following aircraft (at January 2006):
* Includes 10 aircraft placed with easyJet Switzerland. Like most low cost carriers at the time, easyJet initially operated exclusively Boeing 737 aircraft. In September 2003 it broke with its previous philosophy of operating just one aircraft type by ordering 120 Airbus A319s (and 120 options) with CFM56-5B engines [1]. These were first introduced to easyJet's Geneva base, UK bases followed in 2004. Easyjet converted 20 of its options into orders in December 2005[2]. The arrival of easyJet's first flight to BerlinWhen the last of the Airbus A319s has been delivered in 2007 easyJet still expects to be operating all its 32 Boeing 737-700s and to have completely retired its 737-300s. [3] BookingInitially booking was by telephone only, all the planes were painted with the booking telephone number. There is no incentive for travel agents to sell easyJet bookings because there is no commission, a standard practice for the low cost carriers. When asked about the possibility of Internet sales, Stelios had replied that the Internet was "just for geeks". Later he changed his mind, and easyJet became the first UK airline to offer online booking in April 1998. Internet bookings were priced cheaper than booking over the phone, to reflect the reduced call centre costs. The planes were repainted with the web address. Within a year 15% of bookings were made using the web site, by April 2004 the figure had jumped to 98%. Now, flights can only be booked over the Internet except during the 2 weeks immediately before the flight when telephone booking is also available. easyJet Boeing 737-700 lands at Bristol International Airport, EnglandPassenger numberseasyJet has published the following passenger numbers:
These are "earned seat" numbers. Earned seats is a method of counting passenger numbers which includes all seats sold whether the passenger turns up or not, and also seats used for promotional purposes and staff business travel. Other facts of interest
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Earned seats is a method of counting passenger numbers which includes all seats sold whether the passenger turns up or not, and also seats used for promotional purposes and staff business travel. But just in case you happen to be lost in madrid and want some party and good atmosphere here are some places to look for:. These are "earned seat" numbers. It has a trendy and young flavour so it may not suit everybodies' tastes. easyJet has published the following passenger numbers:. This list is by no means complete. Now, flights can only be booked over the Internet except during the 2 weeks immediately before the flight when telephone booking is also available. They are relatively small and pedestrian areas so it is nice to walk around mixing with the locals. Within a year 15% of bookings were made using the web site, by April 2004 the figure had jumped to 98%. So let us recommend you for the beginning a night walk around Chueca or Latina area, until you find a restaurant that fancies you. The planes were repainted with the web address. La Latina is really famous on Sunday Mornings, but for a Saturday dinner is good as well. Internet bookings were priced cheaper than booking over the phone, to reflect the reduced call centre costs. If "spanish tapas" is what you fancy, La Latina and C/Segovia districts have very interesting wineries specialized on tapas. Later he changed his mind, and easyJet became the first UK airline to offer online booking in April 1998. In Chueca district you can find hundreds of trendy, but not neccessarily expensive, dinner restaurants. When asked about the possibility of Internet sales, Stelios had replied that the Internet was "just for geeks". The dinning ceremony extends well until 1 AM, good time to have the "primera" (the first drink). There is no incentive for travel agents to sell easyJet bookings because there is no commission, a standard practice for the low cost carriers. A normal time for this would be 10PM on winters and even 11PM on summers. Initially booking was by telephone only, all the planes were painted with the booking telephone number. Remember, Spaniards love to have dinner really late. [3]. Madrid has excellent restaurants where to set the bases for a big night out. When the last of the Airbus A319s has been delivered in 2007 easyJet still expects to be operating all its 32 Boeing 737-700s and to have completely retired its 737-300s. So you want a little party, huh? The best start for this is to have a dinner out. Easyjet converted 20 of its options into orders in December 2005[2]. 'street life' is also very popular due to the safety the city inspires to anyone who want to walk at night. These were first introduced to easyJet's Geneva base, UK bases followed in 2004. Central Madrid district is rammed with night clubs, discos, late restaurants, bars and pubs. In September 2003 it broke with its previous philosophy of operating just one aircraft type by ordering 120 Airbus A319s (and 120 options) with CFM56-5B engines [1]. It's quite common to be in a traffic jam at 5AM any tuesday, wondering where the people is going, or if they have to work tomorrow. Like most low cost carriers at the time, easyJet initially operated exclusively Boeing 737 aircraft. Few cities in the world have the phrenetic activity you can find in Madrid any day of the year, any time round the clock. * Includes 10 aircraft placed with easyJet Switzerland.. Madrid is also home to the Circuit del Jarama, a motorsport race circuit which formerly hosted the Formula One Spanish Grand Prix. The easyJet fleet consists of the following aircraft (at January 2006):. There are two other major teams, the Primera Division club Atlético de Madrid and Rayo Vallecano. A detailed list of cities served can be found in easyJet destinations. Madrid is home to Real Madrid, the world's most successful football club (according to FIFA). easyJet is claimed to be a more business-oriented airline than Ryanair, since it flies to major airports (as opposed to secondary airports) and has recently removed limits on hand luggage weight (within reason). As of 2005, AVE high-speed trains link Atocha station to Seville and Toledo in the south and Lleida in the east (to be extended to Barcelona). It also holds a 49% stake in easyJet Switzerland. The overall goal is to have all important provincial cities be no more than 4 hours away from Madrid, and no more than 6 hours away from Barcelona. easyJet's main shareholder is Stelios Haji-Ioannou. Currently, an ambitious plan includes the construction of a 7,000 km network, centered on Madrid. In December 2003 easyJet announced it would open a new hub in Berlin, at Schönefeld Airport, from which it started flying on 11 routes from May 2004. The crown jewel of Spain's next decade of infrastructure construction is the Spanish high speed rail network, Alta Velocidad Española AVE. Operations were boosted in 2002 with the acquisition of rival airline, London Stansted based Go Fly. In Madrid, the main rail terminals are Atocha and Chamartín. easyJet was floated on the London stock exchange in October 2000. Spain's railway system, the Red Nacional de Ferrocarriles Españoles (Renfe) operates the vast majority of Spain's railways. In March 1998 it purchased a 40% stake in TEA Switzerland, renamed EasyJet Switzerland. Two additional runways have also being constructed and will soon be in operation, making Barajas a fully operational 4 runway airport. This caused much outrage among travel agents. It is expected to significantly reduce delays and double the capacity of the airport. Its early marketing strategy was based on 'making flying as affordable as a pair of jeans' and urged travellers to 'cut out the travel agent'. Given annual increases of 10%, a new fourth and fifth terminals are in the process of being constructed. It was launched by Stelios Haji-Ioannou with two leased Boeing 737-200 aircraft wet leased from GB Airways and operating two routes: London Luton to Glasgow and Edinburgh. Current passenger volumes range upwards of 40 million passengers per year, putting it in the top 20 busiest airports in the world. The airline was established on 18 October 1995 and started operations on 10 November 1995. It consequently serves as the main gateway to the Iberian peninsula from Europe and the rest of the world. The Irish airline claims to be 50% cheaper than easyJet, despite their fees and taxes being up to three times more expensive than those of easyJet's. Barajas serves as the main hub of Iberia Airlines and other airlines. Ryanair has come under critisism for using agressive advertising techniques to inform consumers of their low fares. Madrid is served by Barajas International Airport. As of September 2005, Ryanair flies more passengers, but easyJet has a higher turnover, leading both of them to claim to be "Europe's number one low cost airline". [3]. This is mainly due to the different range of airports used and Ryanair routinely scheduling flights to take thirty minutes longer than required. The Medical School is sited outside the main site and beside the Hospital Universitario La Paz. Ryanair makes much of the fact that easyJet's average fares are higher and its average punctuality is consistently lower. Located on the main site are the Rectorate building and the Faculties of Science, Philosophy and Fine Arts, Law, Economic Science and Business Studies, Psychology, Higher School of Computing Science and Engineering, and the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education. easyJet places more focus on attracting business travellers as well as leisure travellers, although all its aircraft have single-class cabins. Known simply as la Autónoma in Madrid, its main site is the Cantoblanco Campus, situated 15 kilometers to the north of the capital (M-607) and close to the municipal areas of Madrid, namely Alcobendas, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Tres Cantos and Colmenar Viejo. easyJet flies mainly to leading airports while Ryanair uses far more secondary airports to reduce costs. The Autonoma is widely recognised for its research strengths in theoretical physics. The two companies have slightly different strategies. The Autonoma, perhaps Spain's best university for research along with Complutense, was instituted under the leadership of the famous physicist, Nicolás Cabrera. easyJet and its Republic of Ireland-based rival Ryanair are by far the largest low cost airlines in Europe, and the rivalry between them is intense and sometimes vituperative (especially on Ryanair's side from its high profile chief executive Michael O'Leary). The old Alcala campus reopened as an independent university (Universidad de Alcalá de Henares) in 1977. . The campus in the Ciudad Universitaria quarter in Madrid was built starting in 1927, and around 1980 a secondary campus was created in the neighbouring town of Somosaguas. It is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. After 1836 the university was moved to Madrid and renamed Universidad Central. It was founded by easyGroup entrepreneur Stelios Haji-Ioannou, but it is now listed on the London Stock Exchange and easyGroup owns only a minority stake. The university achieved the name "Complutense" due to the fact that it was originally situated in the town of Alcalá de Henares, whose Latin name was Complutum. It operates frequent scheduled services for leisure and business passengers and serves more than 200 routes between more than 60 European airports. The Complutense University has its origins in the 13th century on the banks of the river Henares. The company is based at London Luton Airport. It is located on two campuses, in the university quarter Ciudad Universitaria at Moncloa in Madrid, and in Somosaguas. FL GROUP, the owner of airlines Icelandair and Sterling, holds 16,18% share in easyJet. A particular hub for this night activity is nowadays the gay district of Chueca. The UK television station ITV runs a series called "Airline" featuring easyJet and its staff at work at Luton airport. This nightlife, called la movida or la marcha and initially focussed on the Plaza del Dos de Mayo, flourished after the death of Franco, especially during the 80's while Madrid's mayor Enrique Tierno Galván was in office. This is facilitated by using the A320 centre fuselage section. Younger madrileños sometimes dance all night, stop off for chocolate y churros at dawn, go home, shower, shave, and go to work. Due to higher density passenger seating and the enforced extra safety requirement, easyJet's Airbus A319 aircraft have two pairs of overwing exits instead of standard one-pair exits found on all other Airbus A319. Madrid is also noted for its nightlife and discotheques. On 14 December 2004, easyJet and Hotelopia, a subsidiary of First Choice Holidays, launched a co-branded easyJetHotels accommodation booking service. Other nearby towns are popular as day trips from Madrid, including Toledo, Segovia, Ávila, Aranjuez, Alcalá de Henares, the monastery and palace complex of El Escorial, and Chinchón. Year ended 30 September 1999: 3,100,000. Madrid is also host to one of the most famous bullfighting rings in the world, Las Ventas [2]. Year ended 30 September 2000: 5,600,000. Some places that you need to phone to make an appointment to visit are-. Year ended 30 September 2001: 7,100,000. Important cultural and tourist spots include the so-called Golden Triangle of Art, located along the Paseo del Prado and comprising the famous Prado Museum,free on Sunday mornings, (with highlights such as Diego Velázquez's Las Meninas and Francisco de Goya's La Maja Vestida and La Maja Desnuda), the Thyssen Bornemisza Museum and the Reina Sofia Museum (where Pablo Picasso's Guernica hangs); the Plaza Mayor; the Gran Via; the Casón del Buen Retiro (hosting the 19th-century collection of the Prado Museum; currently closed for reform), the Palacio Real-free to go in on Wednesdays if you have a European Union passport, the Templo de Debod (a temple brought stone-by-stone from Egypt), the Monasterio de las Descalzas Reales, the Puerta del Sol and the Parque del Buen Retiro.The Naval Museum between Cibeles and the Prado (Paseo Prado,5) is free and gives a great insight into the former Spanish sea-power. Year ended 30 September 2002: 11,400,000. Precipitation, although very limited, can be observed all throughout the year except during summer. Year ended 30 September 2003: 20,332,973. In fact, the daily oscillation of the weather conditions its quite reduced in the center of the city, but its far more noticeable in the outskirts of Madrid. Year ended 30 September 2004: 24,343,649. Summer tends to be warm with temperatures that easily reach 24 °C in July and that can often reach 35 °C. Year ended 30 September 2005: 29,557,640. The region of Madrid has a Mediterranean climate that manifests itself with fresh winters that often experience temperatures lower than 8 °C. 32 Boeing 737-700. There are also important communities of Chinese, Guinean, Romanian and Filipino people. 16 Boeing 737-300. The largest immigrant groups include: Ecuadorian: 83,967, Moroccan: 51,300, Colombian: 37,218, and Peruvian: 32.791. 60 Airbus A319-100* (further 80 on order). While almost 9 in 10 inhabitants are Spanish, there are many recent immigrants who come from Latin America, Europe, and North Africa. Orly Airport, Paris (ORY). As the capital city of Spain, the city has attracted many immigrants from around the world. Nottingham East Midlands Airport (EMA),. It is also home to the Rayo Vallecano soccer team. Newcastle Airport (NCL),. Vallecas is a working-class residential district in the south of Madrid. Malpensa International Airport (MXP),. Today there is a street named in her honour very close to the roundabout 'Glorieta de Bilbao'. London Stansted (STN),. She was killed fighting the French in 1808. Liverpool John Lennon Airport (LPL),. The name Malasaña comes from the 17 year old girl Manuela Malasaña who once lived on the street San Andrés. Glasgow International Airport (GLA),. Although popularly known as the barrio Malasaña, the real name for the area is Universidad (University). Geneva Cointrin International Airport (GVA),. The area's center is the Plaza del Dos de Mayo (in commemoration of the Madrilenian popular uprising on May 2, 1808, brutally and effectivey repressed by the French troops and which started the Spanish Independence War). Edinburgh (EDI),. It's one of the classic areas for partying the night away. Dortmund Airport (DTM),. Its streets are currently being renovated, making it a much more attractive quarter (the streetworks are almost finished). Bristol International Airport (BRS),. Malasaña is a vibrant neighborhood full of lively bars and clubs overflowing with young people. Berlin Schönefeld (SXF),. Bordering on La Latina's east side is the famous Rastro flea-market (a prime pick-pocket spot). Belfast International Airport (BFS),. There are also a number of attractive churches as well as Madrid's town palace. Basel (BSL),. There are quite a few nightlife spots. Its difficult to put precise boundaries on La Latina, because, like its immediate neighbors, streets are narrow and wind a lot. In and around this area are the origins of Madrid. It's also one of the best places to search for non-Spanish foodstuff, (herbs and spices etc.) Due to its immigrant character and the fact that the terrorists responsible for the Madrid train bombings of 11 March 2004, were based in Lavapiés (in particular, in a popular Moroccan restaurant called Al-Baraka), there are substantiated fears of crime in this district. The presence of immigrants has led to an inevitable variety of shops and restaurants - this is a good place for good and cheap restaurants of local and international food. Lavapiés is one of the areas with a high concentration of immigrants, and also tends to attract artists and writers adding to the cosmopolitan mix. Traditionally one of the poorer neighborhoods near the city center, this district has maintained much of true 'Madrileño' spirit of the past. One of those streets, Fuencarral has become a link between the old shopping areas of the center of the city, the Bohemian Malasaña and the hip Chueca, making of it one of the most cosmopolitan areas of the city. It is also a hub for Madrid's red-light district, especially the side streets. As the name implies, the Gran Vía district contains one of Madrid's most important avenues, the Gran Vía (literally, "Great Way") First and foremost it is a shopping street, but it also contains a number of tourist accommodations, plenty of nightlife and most of Madrid's largest movie theaters. In addition, we find the highly ornate Banco de España, the Café del Círculo de Bellas Artes, the Zarzuela theater. It also includes one of the three museums of the Madrid golden triangle, the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum. The most important include Spanish parliament buildings of the lower house Congreso de los Diputados. This district is small in size but packs a number of powerful sites. It is still quite attractive and has many good and interesting places to eat, as well as some of Madrid's most avant garde fashion and shoe shops. However, later on during the decade it became one of the most active centers of the so-called 'La Movida', largely due to its new-found status as a popular gay village. This district was the site of major urban decay during the early 1980s. Chueca is among the most authentic and cosmopolitan neighborhoods in the downtown city center. Main article: Chueca. The area is directly linked to Barajas Airport by metro line 8 from Nuevos Ministerios station. A very large (3 interconnected buildings) El Corte Inglés department store is also here. Torre Windsor, one of the skycrapers in this area, burnt entirely on the night between 12 February and 13, 2005 [1]. The area is populated by skyscrapers, among them Torre Picasso, Edificio BBVA and Torre Europa. This is the financial district. This district also contains the main bus terminal as it is a central point of the city. The area also contains a number of art galleries and restaurants serving traditional food. The two important sites located in this area are the Reina Sofía Museum and the beautiful Atocha Railway Station, one of the two main train stations in Madrid (the other one is Chamartín). Atocha includes a rather large area which is bordered by the Huertas and Lavapiés districts. It is within walking distance of the main cultural and commercial areas of the city such as the Prado museum, the expansive Parque del Buen Retiro as well as near the business center on the lower part of the Paseo de la Castellana. This plaza commemorates Christopher Columbus, who was responsible for ushering in the Spanish imperial golden age of the 16th and 17th centuries. This district contains the large Plaza de Colón. There are also some excellent frescos inside the palace by Tiépolo, and paintings by Velázquez, Goya, Rubens, El Greco, Juan de Flandes and Caravaggio, among others. The palace is interesting in its own right, in particular its architecture and gardens (there are two, the Jardines del Moro and the Sabattini gardens). The entire palace is not open to the public, but most of the more important rooms can be visited. The Royal Palace is no longer used as a residence, but it has been kept intact since it last functioned as home to the King, primarily serving as a tourist attraction. In front of the theatre is the Royal Palace. As the name implies, Madrid's main Opera Theatre is the Teatro Real (Royal theatre). It is the work of Juan de Bolonia. The statue of Felipe III on horseback in the centre of the square dates back to 1616. Under its porticoes there are some old and traditional shops. The Plaza Mayor has been the scene of multitudinous events: market, bullring and "actos de fe" against supposed heretics and the executions of those condemned to death. Nevertheless, the Plaza Mayor as we know it today is the work of the architect Juan de Villanueva who was entrusted with its reconstruction in 1790 after a spate of big fires. This king asked Juan Gomez de Mora to continue with the project, and he finished the porticoes in 1619. Juan de Herrera was the architect who designed the first project in 1581 to remodel the old Plaza del Arrabal but the construction didn't start until 1617, during the Felipe III's reign. The origins of the Plaza go back to 1581 when Felipe II told Juan de Herrera to devise a plan to remodel the busy and chaotic area of the old Plaza del Arrabal. Previously it was named the Plaza del Arrabal. The Plaza Mayor was built during the Austrian period. It has a total of nine entranceways. The Plaza is rectangular in shape and is surrounded by three-floored residential buildings. It is located in the historical and commercial heart of the city. The Plaza Mayor is one of the most beautiful and emblematic urban areas in what is known as the Madrid of the House of Austria. As expected with any major European capital city, each district (or barrio in Spanish) has its own feel. The modern metropolis is home to over three million people. Madrid is a leading southern European city and the most important link between the European Union and Latin America. Modern Madrid ranks as one of the important cities in Europe. Within Spain, reaction against the dictatorial bureaucracy centered in Madrid and a history of centralism that predated Franco by centuries has resulted in the successful modern movement towards increased autonomy for the regions of Spain, considered as autonomous regions, under the umbrella of Spain. With his death, Madrid, and Spain as a whole, began to reassert itself on the international stage. Years of the Franco regime left Madrid and much the country in economic shambles due to isolation. Contemporary Madrid came into its own after the death of the Fascist dictator Francisco Franco. Befitting from the prosperity it gained in the 1980s, the capital city of Spain has consolidated its position as the leading economic, cultural, industrial, educational, and technological center on the Iberian peninsula. After the death of Franco, emerging democratic parties (including those of left-wing and republican ideology) accepted Franco's wishes of being succeeded by Juan Carlos I--in order to secure stablity and democracy--which led Spain to its current position as constitutional monarchy. Like anything related to ETA, this incident is still today a matter of controversy; while some think that it created further instability, others hold that the terrorist action--by preventing Carrero Blanco from continuing the dictatorship after Franco's death--contributed to lead the country towards democracy. Towards the end of the dictatorship the Basque terrorist group ETA assassinated Franco's prime minister, Luis Carrero Blanco, in the Street of Claudio Coello. During the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, Madrid became very industrialized and there were massive migrations into the city. It was during the Civil War that Madrid had the sad honor of being the first city bombed by airplanes to spread terror among innocent citizens. During this war (1936-1939) Madrid was one of the most affected cities and its streets were battlezones. She could not to calm down the political tension that would lead to yet another revolt, the First Spanish Republic, and the comeback of the monarchs which eventually led to the Second Spanish Republic and the Spanish Civil War. This would start a period where liberal and conservative government alternated, that would end with the enthronement of Isabel II (1830-1904). After the war of independence (1814) Fernando VII came back to the throne, but after a liberal military revolution, Colonel Riego made the king swear respect to the Constitution. On May 2, 1808 (Spanish: Dos de Mayo) the Madrilenes revolted against the French forces, whose brute reaction would have a lasting impact on French rule in Spain and France's image in Europe in general. After the Mutiny of Aranjuez which was led by his own son Fernando VII against him, Carlos IV resigned, but Fernando VII's reign would be short: in May of 1808 Napoleon's troops entered the city. When Carlos IV (1748-1819) became king the people of Madrid revolted. Carlos III was one of the most popular kings in the history of Madrid, and the saying "the best mayor, the king" became popular during those times. However, it would not be until Carlos III (1716-1788) that Madrid would become a modern city. Felipe V decided that a European capital could not stay in such a state, and new palaces (including the Palacio Real de Madrid) were built during his reign. During the Siglo de Oro (Golden Century), in the 16th/17th century, Madrid had no resemblance with other European capitals: the population of the city was economically dependent on the business of the court itself. Aside from a brief period, 1601-1606, when Felipe III installed his court in Valladolid, Madrid's fortunes have closely mirrored those of Spain. Seville continued to control the Spanish Indies, but Madrid controlled Seville. Although he made no official declaration, the seat of the court was the de facto capital. Though Charles favored Madrid, it was his son, Philip II (1527-1598) who moved the court to Madrid in 1561. The kingdoms of Castilla, with its capital at Toledo, and Aragón, with its capital at Barcelona, were welded into modern Spain by Charles I of Spain. The grand entry of Ferdinand and Isabella to Madrid heralded the end of strife between Castile and Aragon. After troubles and a big fire, Henry III of Castile (1379-1406) rebuilt the city and established himself safely fortified outside its walls in El Pardo. Sephardic Jews and Moors continued to live in the city until they were expelled at the end of the 15th century. In 1329, the Cortes Generales first assembled in the city to advise Ferdinand IV of Castile. He reconsecrated the mosque as the church of the Virgin of Almudena (almudin, the garrison's granary). The citadel was conquered in 1085 by Alfonso VI of Castile in his advance towards Toledo. From this came the naming of the site as Majerit, which was later rendered to the modern-day spelling of Madrid). Near that palace was the Manzanares, which the Muslims called al-Majrīṭ (Arabic: المجريط, "source of water"). Around this palace a small citadel, al-Mudaina, was built. Although the site of modern-day Madrid has been occupied since prehistoric times, the first historical data from the city comes from the 9th century, when Mehmed I ordered the construction of a small palace in the same place that is today occupied by the Palacio Real. . The residents of Madrid are called madrileños, and the current mayor is Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón. Following the restoration of democracy in 1975 and the integation to the European Union, Madrid has experienced an increasing role in European finances making it one of the most important Southern European cities. The city spans a total of 607 km² (378 square miles). The entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area (urban area and suburbs) is calculated to be 5.843 million. The estimated population of the city was 3.228 million (July 2005), while the estimated urban area population is 5.078 million. Other cultural highlights include the Royal Palace of Madrid and the nearby royal monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial. Renowned museums such as Museo del Prado, the Museo Reina Sofia, and the Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza are major tourist attractions in the city. As the former capital of the old Spanish Empire Madrid has been bestowed with a degree of cultural predominance. Due to its geographical location and history, Madrid has been considered the financial and political center of the Iberian Peninsula. It is located on the Manzanares river in the center of the country. Madrid is the capital and largest city in Spain, as well as in the province and the autonomous community of the same name. Hard House. Mixed, ravey atmosphere. Opens Suns 8AM-Late afternoon. Legend in Madrid. Huge. Space Of Sound: Chamartin. 12-6AM. Hard House. Specka: Orense. 12-6AM. Plays Techno, hard house, Drum And Bass and even Trance, depending on the day of week. One / Gheiza: Gran Via/Pza España. Fri, Sat, Sun. 12-6AM. Gay/Mixed. Commercial House. Ohm: Callao. 12-6AM. Commercial House. Big. Divino: Ermita Del Santo. Uplifting house and electro 12-6AM. Big. Coppelia: Castellana/Recoletos. 12-6AM. Mixed. Trendy house. Small and nice. 8 y medio: Gran Via. Capote: Alonso Martinez. Can book a bed in advance !!. Colonial Chill Out, nice bar with cushions where to chill and enjoy a cocktail while laying down with friends. Areia: Chueca. Nice terraces on summer. Malasaña is the district for rock and roll, and independent music. A must on sunday mornings. Hosts a big number of wineries and tapas bars. La Latina is frequented by artists. This area has a little bit of everything: Bars, pubs, restaurants, clubs. Bilbao is also an option. The music heard is frequently cheesy house and commercial stuff. The pubs and clubs around host a mixed and open-minded clientele. Chueca is more headed towards trendy people. Also nice restaurants. Nice pubs and clubs. Avenida De Brasil and nearbies is for beautiful people. All kinds of music here. Alonso Martinez is rammed with youngsters. Cafe Central Madrid's top Jazz venue. Teatro de la Comedia. Teatro Español. A major player in the arts scene in Madrid, apart from a theatre and concert hall and vast café, it has four exhibition spaces that show work in all media. Círculo de Bellas Artes Compared to the ICA in London, or the Kitchen in New York, this great multi functional cultural and social centre, housed in its own fine building since 1926, is older and larger than both. Teatro de la Abadía. It houses a theatre, concerts, a café and a huge gallery space, where group shows of many important Hispanic artists are staged. Centro Cultural de la Villa Worth visiting just to stroll under the deafening, refreshing waterfall located below the Columbus monument. It also programmes Opera and Lied. It puts on the traditional Spanish operettas known as zarzuela, a kind of visual, bawdy comedy. Teatro de la ZarzuelaThis is one theatre you won't need Spanish for. Teatro Monumental: The Orquesta Sinfonica de RTVE performs every Thursday and Friday in this old concert hall. Auditorio Nacional de Music: Was built in the 80s and houses two concert rooms for classical music. Teatro Real: Madrid's main Opera House. Escuela Superior de Música Reina Sofia. Real Conservatorio Superior de Música. Escuela de Organización Industrial (EOI). Universidad San Pablo (CEU). Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca (UPSAM). Universidad Pontificia de Comillas (UPComillas). Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (Francisco de Vitoria). Universidad Europea de Madrid (UEM). Universidad Camilo José Cela (Cela). Universidad Antonio de Nebrija (Nebrija). Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED). Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Rey Juan Carlos). Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM). Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM). Puerta de Alcalá (An old gate for the city walls that is nowadays one of the most emblematic signs of Madrid). Puerta de Europa (Famous towers leaning toward each other at 15 degree angle). Faro de Moncloa (Transmission tower with observation deck). Torre España. Palacio De Liria (915475302.There appears to be at least an 18 month waiting list). Museo Del Reloj Grassy ( better to call, 915321007). Museo De La Farmacia Hispaña (913941797). Museo de Antropologia Medico Forense Paleopatologia y Criminalistica Profesor Reverte Coma (913941578). Casa-Museo Manuel Benedito (915754687). Casa-Museo Jose Padilla (913561258 11am-2pm). |