This page will contain external links about delphi, as they become available.DelphiDelphi (Greek Δελφοί - Delphoi; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is an archaeological site and a modern town in Greece. In ancient times it was the site of the Delphic Sibyl, dedicated to the god Apollo. Delphi was revered throughout the Greek world as the site of the ομφαλός (omphalos) stone, the centre of the universe. In the inner εστία (hestia), or hearth, of the Temple of Delphic Apollo (Απόλλων Δελφίνιος - Apollon Delphinios), an άσβεστος φλόγα (eternal flame) burned. After the battle of Plataea, the Greek cities extinguished their fires and brought new fire from the hearth of Greece, at Delphi; in the foundation stories of several Greek colonies, the founding colonists were first dedicated at Delphi (Burkert, 1985, pp. 61, 84). LocationDelphi is located in a plateau on the side of Mt. Parnassus. This semicircular spur is known as Phaedriades; it overlooks the Pleistos Valley. Southwest of Delphi, about 15 km away, is the harbor-city of Kirrha on the Corinthian Gulf. ApolloThe Temple of Apollo, seen from below View of the stadium of the Delphi sanctuary, used for the Pythian Games. The stone steps on the right were added under the Romans.The name Delphoi is connected with δελφός delphus "womb" and may indicate archaic veneration of an Earth Goddess at the site. Apollo is connected with the site by his epithet Δελφίνιος Delphinios, "the Delphinian", i.e. either "the one of Delphi", or "the one of the womb". The epithet is connected with dolphins (the "womb-fish") in the Homeric Hymn to Apollo Εις Απόλλωνα Πύθιον, 400), telling how Apollo first came to Delphi in the shape of a dolphin, carrying Cretan priests on his back. Another legend held that Apollo walked to Delphi from the north and stopped at Tempe, a city in Thessaly to pick laurel, a plant sacred to him. In commemoration of this legend, the winners at the Pythian Games received a laurel wreath picked in Tempe. Delphi was the site of a major temple to Phoebus Apollo, as well as the Pythian Games and a famous oracle. Even in Roman times hundreds of votive statues remained, described by Pliny the Younger and seen by Pausanias. When young, Apollo killed the chthonic serpent Python, which lived beside the Castalian Spring, according to some because Python had attempted to rape Leto while she was pregnant with Apollo and Artemis. This was the spring which emitted vapors that caused the Oracle at Delphi to give her prophesies. Apollo killed Python but had to be punished for it, since Python was a child of Gaia. The shrine dedicated to Apollo was probably originally dedicated to Gaia and then Poseidon. The oracle at that time predicted the future based on the lapping water and leaves rustling in the trees. The Pythian Games comprised a chariot race, thus this magnificent statue, the Charioteer of Delphi.OracleThe first oracle at Delphi was commonly known as Sibyl or Pythia, though her name was Herophile. She sang her predictions, which she received from Gaia. Later, "Sibyl" became a title given to whichever priestess manned the oracle at the time. The Sibyl sat on the Sibylline Rock, breathing in vapors from the ground1 and gaining her often puzzling predictions from that. Pausanias claimed that the Sibyl was "born between man and goddess, daughter of sea monsters and an immortal nymph". Others said she was sister or daughter to Apollo. Still others claimed the Sibyl received her powers from Gaia originally, who passed the oracle to Themis, who passed it to Phoebe. This oracle exerted considerable influence across the country, and was consulted before all major undertakings: wars, the founding of colonies, and so forth. She also was respected by the semi-Hellenic countries around the Greek world, such as Lydia, Caria, and even Egypt. Croesus of Lydia consulted Delphi before attacking Persia, and according to Herodotus received the answer "if you do, you will destroy a great empire." Croesus found the response favorable and attacked, and was utterly overthrown (resulting, of course, in the destruction of his own empire). The oracle is also said to have proclaimed Socrates the wisest man in Greece, to which Socrates said that if so, this was because he alone was aware of his own ignorance. This claim is related to one of the most famous mottos of Delphi, which Socrates said he learned there, Gnothi Seauton (Γνώθι Σεαυτόν): "know thyself". Another famous motto of Delphi is Meden Agan (Μηδέν Άγαν): "nothing in excess". In the 3rd century A.D., the oracle (perhaps bribed) declared that the god would no longer speak there. The temple to Apollo at Delphi was built by Trophonius and Agamedes. The Treasury of Athens, built to commemorate their victory at the Battle of MarathonFootnote1 After investigating the site, archeologists were convinced that these vapours are only a myth, as no evidence for them could be found, and — so the then standard opinion in geology — gaseous emissions from rock only occur in conjunction with volcanic activity. However, recent geological research indicates that the site of the oracle shows young geological faults, and it seems plausible that these emitted in ancient times light hydrocarbon gases, possibly ethylene, from bituminous limestone which do have an intoxicating effect. (de Boer et al., Geology 29 (2001) pp. 707; see e.g. here for a popular science coverage) Other archaeologists believe that the oracle also inhaled fumes of burning bay leaves. TreasuriesFrom the entrance of the site, continuing up the slope almost to the temple itself, is a large number of votive statues, and numerous treasuries. These were built by the various states – those overseas as well as those on the mainland – to commemorate victories and to thank the oracle for advice important to those victories. The most impressive is the now-restored Treasury of Athens, built to commemorate the Athenians' victory at the Battle of Marathon. The Athenians had previously been given the advice by the oracle to put their faith in their "wooden walls" – taking this advice to mean their navy, they won a famous battle at Salamis. Another impressive treasury that exists on the site was dedicated by the city of Siphnos, who had ammassed great wealth from their silver and gold mines and so they dedicated the Siphnian Treasury. TholosThe Tholos at the sanctuary of Athena PronaiaThe Tholos at the sanctuary of Athena Pronaia is a circular building that was constructed between 380 and 360 B.C. It consisted of 20 Doric columns arranged with an exterior diamater of 14.76 meters, with 10 Corinthian columns in the interior. The Tholos is located approximately a half-mile (800 m) from the main ruins at Delphi. Three of the Doric colums have been restored, making it the most popular site at Delphi for tourists to take photographs. Modern DelphiThe modern Delphi or Delfi or Delfoi is situated west of the archaeological site. It is passed by a major highway linking Amfissa along with Itea and Arachova. The two main streets are each one-way and narrow. Delphi also has a school, a lyceum and a square (plateia). The communities include Chrysso which in ancient times was Crissa. External linksWikimedia Commons has media related to: DelphiGeneral
Geology of Delphi
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The communities include Chrysso which in ancient times was Crissa. They were first produced in 2001 and are available only in Latin America since 2003. Delphi also has a school, a lyceum and a square (plateia). Automovil Lamborghini de Latin America ( www.e-lamborghini.com ) was set up by a Jorge Antonio Fernandez Garcia in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1994, It is officially licensed to produce two handbuilt variants of the Diablo called the Eros and the Coatl. The two main streets are each one-way and narrow. Lamborghini has had a number of owners, as shown in this simplified list:. It is passed by a major highway linking Amfissa along with Itea and Arachova. Future Lamborghini models will be penned by Walter de’Silva, who designed the 2006 Miura concept car and who replaces Luc Donckerwolke as head of Centro Stile Lamborghini, Lamborghini's in-house design department. The modern Delphi or Delfi or Delfoi is situated west of the archaeological site. Future models may include a revived Miura supercar to rival the Ferrari Enzo, a rear-wheel-drive version of the Gallardo and possibly an SUV in the spirit of the LM002. Three of the Doric colums have been restored, making it the most popular site at Delphi for tourists to take photographs. The styling is largely the work of Belgian designer Luc Donckerwolke. The Tholos is located approximately a half-mile (800 m) from the main ruins at Delphi. All are very fast, mid-engined 2-seaters with four-wheel-drive as standard. It consisted of 20 Doric columns arranged with an exterior diamater of 14.76 meters, with 10 Corinthian columns in the interior. The current (2006) range consists of the Murciélago, the Murciélago Roadster and the smaller, less expensive Gallardo and Gallardo Spyder. The Tholos at the sanctuary of Athena Pronaia is a circular building that was constructed between 380 and 360 B.C. The Miura, the Countach, the Diablo, and the Murciélago continue to be the most desired sportscars of all of their peers. Another impressive treasury that exists on the site was dedicated by the city of Siphnos, who had ammassed great wealth from their silver and gold mines and so they dedicated the Siphnian Treasury. Although Lamborghini has continuously shown engineering expertise with the more civil models such as 350GT, 400GT, Espada, Jarama, Jalpa and Gallardo, it is the outrageous supercars that have established the Lamborghini name and look with the public. The Athenians had previously been given the advice by the oracle to put their faith in their "wooden walls" – taking this advice to mean their navy, they won a famous battle at Salamis. Lamborghini's products include the 350GTV (1963), 350GT (1964), 400GT (1965), Miura (1966), Flying Star II (1966), Marzal (1966), Espada (1968), Islero (1968), Jarama (1970), Countach (1974), Bravo (1974), Silhouette (1976), Jalpa (1982), LM002 (1986), Diablo (1990), Cala (1995), Murciélago (2001) and the Gallardo (2003). The most impressive is the now-restored Treasury of Athens, built to commemorate the Athenians' victory at the Battle of Marathon. . These were built by the various states – those overseas as well as those on the mainland – to commemorate victories and to thank the oracle for advice important to those victories. Contrary to a frequent misunderstanding, Ferruccio himself never was a bullfighting supporter but loved Bulls and was a Taurus, which explains why most models have a name somehow related to bulls. From the entrance of the site, continuing up the slope almost to the temple itself, is a large number of votive statues, and numerous treasuries. Featuring bodies designed by Franco Scaglione, Touring of Milan, Zagato, Mario Marazzi, Bertone, ItalDesign, Marcello Gandini and Luc Donckerwolke, Lamborghini's cars are not only amongst the most expensive and powerful road-going vehicles made, but are also amongst the most stunning and impressive in appearance. Other archaeologists believe that the oracle also inhaled fumes of burning bay leaves. "If you don't like the way I build my cars, why don't you go build one in that tractor factory of yours.". here for a popular science coverage). Ferrari, a notorious hothead, got apoplectic. 707; see e.g. Lamborghini pointed out a few things in Ferrari's designs which he did not agree with. (de Boer et al., Geology 29 (2001) pp. The most likely version, one that has been corroborated several times, is that Ferruccio Lamborghini met Enzo Ferrari at a party, and, naturally, the talk drifted to sports cars. However, recent geological research indicates that the site of the oracle shows young geological faults, and it seems plausible that these emitted in ancient times light hydrocarbon gases, possibly ethylene, from bituminous limestone which do have an intoxicating effect. There are several versions of why Lamborghini started his company, all of them involving a conflict between himself and Enzo Ferrari. 1 After investigating the site, archeologists were convinced that these vapours are only a myth, as no evidence for them could be found, and — so the then standard opinion in geology — gaseous emissions from rock only occur in conjunction with volcanic activity. Ferruccio Lamborghini was an enthusiastic owner of sports cars, including a Ferrari. The temple to Apollo at Delphi was built by Trophonius and Agamedes. The company was founded in 1963 by Ferruccio Lamborghini (1916–1993) as a spin-off from his very successful tractor factory, Lamborghini Trattori S.p.A.. In the 3rd century A.D., the oracle (perhaps bribed) declared that the god would no longer speak there. Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A., commonly known as Lamborghini, is a manufacturer of high performance sports cars based in the small Italian village of Sant'Agata Bolognese, near Bologna. Another famous motto of Delphi is Meden Agan (Μηδέν Άγαν): "nothing in excess". Volkswagen Group (Audi) since 1998. This claim is related to one of the most famous mottos of Delphi, which Socrates said he learned there, Gnothi Seauton (Γνώθι Σεαυτόν): "know thyself". Megatech 1994–1998. The oracle is also said to have proclaimed Socrates the wisest man in Greece, to which Socrates said that if so, this was because he alone was aware of his own ignorance. Chrysler 1987–1994. Croesus of Lydia consulted Delphi before attacking Persia, and according to Herodotus received the answer "if you do, you will destroy a great empire." Croesus found the response favorable and attacked, and was utterly overthrown (resulting, of course, in the destruction of his own empire). Patrick Mimran (managed 1980–1984) 1984–1987. She also was respected by the semi-Hellenic countries around the Greek world, such as Lydia, Caria, and even Egypt. bankrupt 1977–1984. This oracle exerted considerable influence across the country, and was consulted before all major undertakings: wars, the founding of colonies, and so forth. Georges-Henri Rossetti & René Leimer 1972–1977. Still others claimed the Sibyl received her powers from Gaia originally, who passed the oracle to Themis, who passed it to Phoebe. Ferruccio Lamborghini 1963–1972. Others said she was sister or daughter to Apollo. Pausanias claimed that the Sibyl was "born between man and goddess, daughter of sea monsters and an immortal nymph". The Sibyl sat on the Sibylline Rock, breathing in vapors from the ground1 and gaining her often puzzling predictions from that. Later, "Sibyl" became a title given to whichever priestess manned the oracle at the time. She sang her predictions, which she received from Gaia. The first oracle at Delphi was commonly known as Sibyl or Pythia, though her name was Herophile. The oracle at that time predicted the future based on the lapping water and leaves rustling in the trees. The shrine dedicated to Apollo was probably originally dedicated to Gaia and then Poseidon. Apollo killed Python but had to be punished for it, since Python was a child of Gaia. This was the spring which emitted vapors that caused the Oracle at Delphi to give her prophesies. When young, Apollo killed the chthonic serpent Python, which lived beside the Castalian Spring, according to some because Python had attempted to rape Leto while she was pregnant with Apollo and Artemis. Even in Roman times hundreds of votive statues remained, described by Pliny the Younger and seen by Pausanias. Delphi was the site of a major temple to Phoebus Apollo, as well as the Pythian Games and a famous oracle. In commemoration of this legend, the winners at the Pythian Games received a laurel wreath picked in Tempe. Another legend held that Apollo walked to Delphi from the north and stopped at Tempe, a city in Thessaly to pick laurel, a plant sacred to him. The epithet is connected with dolphins (the "womb-fish") in the Homeric Hymn to Apollo Εις Απόλλωνα Πύθιον, 400), telling how Apollo first came to Delphi in the shape of a dolphin, carrying Cretan priests on his back. either "the one of Delphi", or "the one of the womb". Apollo is connected with the site by his epithet Δελφίνιος Delphinios, "the Delphinian", i.e. The name Delphoi is connected with δελφός delphus "womb" and may indicate archaic veneration of an Earth Goddess at the site. Southwest of Delphi, about 15 km away, is the harbor-city of Kirrha on the Corinthian Gulf. This semicircular spur is known as Phaedriades; it overlooks the Pleistos Valley. Parnassus. Delphi is located in a plateau on the side of Mt. . 61, 84). After the battle of Plataea, the Greek cities extinguished their fires and brought new fire from the hearth of Greece, at Delphi; in the foundation stories of several Greek colonies, the founding colonists were first dedicated at Delphi (Burkert, 1985, pp. In the inner εστία (hestia), or hearth, of the Temple of Delphic Apollo (Απόλλων Δελφίνιος - Apollon Delphinios), an άσβεστος φλόγα (eternal flame) burned. Delphi was revered throughout the Greek world as the site of the ομφαλός (omphalos) stone, the centre of the universe. In ancient times it was the site of the Delphic Sibyl, dedicated to the god Apollo. Delphi (Greek Δελφοί - Delphoi; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is an archaeological site and a modern town in Greece. Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion 1985. The New York Times, March 19, 2002: "Fumes and Visions Were Not a Myth for Oracle at Delphi". Geology of Delphi. John Roach, "Delphic Oracle's Lips May Have Been Loosened by Gas Vapors" in National Geographic news, August 2001. Hale, et al., "Questioning the Delphic Oracle: When science meets religion at this ancient Greek site, the two turn out to be on better terms than scholars had originally thought", in Scientific American August 2003. John R. "The Delphic oracle". Eloise Hart, "The Delphic oracle". Livius Picture Archive: Delphi. Osborne , "A Short detour to Delphi and the Sibyls". C. Delphi (in Greek). Delphi guide. The Oracle of Delphi and Ancient Oracles, annotated guide edited by Tim Spalding. Hellenic Ministry of Culture: Delphi. Homepage of the modern municipality (in English or Greek). |