Daylight saving time

Nevertheless, the form "daylight savings time" appears without remark as to its nonstandardness in some dictionaries, including The American Heritage Dictionary. Nelson. Most compound adjectives are joined with a hyphen, but "daylight-saving time," too, is nonstandard. The Gospel according to Oprah by Marcia Z. In the standard form of the name, "daylight saving" is a compound adjective (part of which is a participle) that modifies "time." A common variant is daylight savings time. Although this alternate form is frequently heard in speech, it is nonstandard and appears rarely in edited writing. Oprah has many books written about her such as. This is especially important in autumn, just before the heating season causes an increase in home fires. Many staffers have said off the record that she can be egotistical and difficult to work with.

For example, the Country Fire Authority of Victoria in Australia has been running a program called "Change Your Clock, Change Your Smoke Alarm Battery" for several years. For instance, Harpo Productions makes employees sign contracts prohibiting them from disclosing anything about their time employed with her. Fire safety officials in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States encourage citizens to use the two annual time changes as a reminder to check the batteries in home and office fire alarms and smoke detectors. Winfrey is also charged with being too self-focused and also very insecure. Another common mnemonic of equal meaning is "spring ahead, fall behind.". Some have said that this trivializes and degrades the various causes they help by turning them into vessels for marketing and have even suggested that it verges on exploitation, especially when children are involved. This uses the word "fall" to mean "autumn"; while this usage has died out in British English, it is still very common in North American English. It has also been noted that the occasions on which various guest celebrities on her show "reach out" and perform charitable acts (such as performing for sick children) seem to nearly always coincide with a release of a project in which they have a prominent role (such as starring in a movie or releasing a music album).

The mnemonic "spring forward, fall back" tells us how to reset clocks when the time changes, regardless of hemisphere (although it has to be remembered that spring and autumn occur during different months in the northern and southern hemispheres). Winfrey removed the references to Frey's work on the main page of her webpage but left references in the Oprah's Book Club section earlier in the week. Different people start their day at different times (office workers start their day later than factory workers, who start their day later than farm workers), regardless of daylight saving time. She also expressed dismay with the publisher for not telling her about the embellishments. Other critics suggest that DST is, at its heart, government paternalism and that people rise in the morning as a matter of choice because many people enjoy nighttime hours and their jobs do not require them to make the most of daylight. While Winfrey initially supported Frey, she reversed only ten days later, confronting him on her show with barely concealed outrage. DST is particularly unpopular among people working in agriculture because the animals do not observe it, and thus the people are placed out of synchronization with the rest of the community, including school times, broadcast schedules, and the like. In a more recent controversy, Winfrey's selection of the drug rehab book A Million Little Pieces is under scrutiny, with the online publication The Smoking Gun arguing that its author James Frey is guilty of subterfuge and deceit in composing his allegedly autobiographical memoir.

Opponents point to the longer hours of darkness on winter mornings, especially in Scotland, the north of England and Northern Ireland which might well cause an increase in road accidents. ." he said in a www.Powells.com interview. This would make winter evenings longer, thereby reducing traffic accidents and cases of seasonal affective disorder. "She's picked some good books, but she's picked enough schmaltzy, one dimensional ones that I cringe. Alternatively, some would like Britain to adopt Central European Time and jump forward another hour during the summer (adopting a Single/Double Summer Time from Britain's perspective). Most notably, one of its attempted selectees, Jonathan Franzen objected to his book The Corrections being chosen, believing that its selection as an Oprah's Book Club book would demean his literary reputation. Some campaigners in Britain would like the country to stay on British Summer Time (BST) all year round, or in other words, adopt Central European Time and abolish BST. Oprah's Book Club has occasionally chosen books which have proven to be modestly controversial.

Some studies do show that changing the clock increases the traffic accident rate.^[1] Following the spring shift to daylight saving time (when one hour of sleep is lost) there is a measurable increase in the number of traffic accidents that result in fatalities. Some critics say Winfrey makes inadequate reference to women who cheat or may only make cursory comments. For example, during a North American time change, an autumn night where clocks are reset from 3 AM summer to 2 AM winter time, times between 2AM and 3AM will occur twice, causing confusion in transport schedules, payment systems, etc. Those about infidelity, for example, often focus either on cheating men or on cheated-on wives. No formal studies have been performed, but an enormous amount of time has been spent by software developers to deal with the fact that 2400 hours past 2pm is not necessarily 2pm 100 days later. Some believe there to be a gender bias in some of Winfrey's shows. It is also speculated that one of the benefits—more afternoon sun—would also actually increase energy consumption as people get into their cars to enjoy more time for shopping and the like. After the trial, she received a postcard from Rosie O'Donnell reading, "Congratulations, you beat the meat!".

It was for this reason that Arizona rejected DST and opted to stay on standard time all year. After a trial spanning over two months in an Amarillo, Texas court in the thick of cattle country, the jury found on February 26 that Winfrey was not guilty, did not act with malice, and was not liable for damages. Air conditioning often uses more energy than artificial lighting. During a show about mad cow disease with Howard Lyman (aired on April 16, 1996), Winfrey exclaimed, "It has just stopped me cold from eating another burger!" Texas cattlemen sued her and Lyman in early 1998 for "false defamation of perishable food" and "business disparagement," claiming that Winfrey's remarks subsequently sent cattle prices tumbling, costing beef producers some USD$12 million. When air conditioning was not widely available, the change did save energy; however, air conditioning is much more widespread now than it was several decades ago. Either way, there seems to be no slowing down for Oprah whose followers seem to support her no matter what. While many people use more sunlight under DST, most people also experience more heat, which prompts many people to turn on the air conditioner during the warmer afternoon hours. Some feel as if Oprahs influence is irresponsible.

There is also a question whether the decrease in lighting costs justifies the increase in summertime air conditioning costs. Such heavy influence upon both America and the world has led many to become conscious of her effect on culture. It is also noted that much effort is spent reminding everyone twice a year of the change, and thousands are inconvenienced by showing up at the wrong time when they forget. Many of her guests have become instant celebrities. The disruption in sleep patterns associated with setting clocks either forward or backward correlates with a spike in the number of severe auto accidents, as well as lost productivity as sleep-disrupted workers adjust to the schedule change. Oprah's show often contributes to the fabric of American pop culture. Opponents claim that there is not enough benefit to justify the need to adjust clocks twice every year. Being recognized by Oprah often means a million additional book sales for an author.

DST is not universally accepted; many localities do not observe it. The book club became such a powerful force that whenever Winfrey introduced a new book as her book-club selection, it instantly became a best-seller (known as the Oprah Effect); for example, when she selected the classic John Steinbeck novel East of Eden, it soared to the top of the book charts. (Stats from this article). The segment focused on new books and classics, and often brought obscure novels to popular attention. $28 million in traffic costs. In the late 1990s, Winfrey introduced a new segment on her television show: Oprah's Book Club. went on extended DST in 1974 and 1975 in response to the 1973 energy crisis, Department of Transportation studies found that observing DST in March and April saved 10,000 barrels of oil a day, and prevented about 2,000 traffic injuries and 50 fatalities saving about U.S. Winfrey's prominence as a media personality has led her to be highly influential, both intentionally and unwittingly.

When the U.S. Reportedly, she has recently purchased several properties on Maui, Hawaii. Other benefits cited include prevention of traffic injuries (by allowing more people to return home from work or school in daylight), and crime reduction (by reducing people's risk of being targets of crimes that are more common in dark areas). Oprah's show is based in Chicago, Illinois, so she spends time there but otherwise resides in California. Most people plan outdoor activities during the increased hours of sunlight. The Angel Network. Another perceived benefit of DST is increased opportunities for outdoor activities. Oprah personally covers all administrative costs associated with the charity, so 100% of all funds raised go to charity programs.

During the summer most people would wake up after the sun rises, regardless of whether daylight saving time is in effect or not, so there is no increased need for morning lighting to offset the afternoon drop in energy usage. To date, Oprah's Angel Network has raised more than (US)$27,000,000. Part of the reason that it is normally observed in the late spring, summer, and early autumn is because during the winter months the amount of energy saved by moving sunset one hour later is negated by the increased need for morning lighting by moving sunrise by the same amount. Accordingly, Oprah's Angel Network supports charitable projects and provides grants to nonprofit organizations around the world that share this vision. United States Department of Transportation studies showed that DST reduces the country's electricity usage by one percent while DST is in effect. In 1998, Oprah began Oprah's Angel Network, a charity aimed at encouraging people around the world to make a difference in the lives of underprivileged others. Because people tend to observe the same bedtime year-round, by artificially moving sunset one hour later, the amount of energy used is theoretically reduced. "I want you to know, it's really over, whatever you thought was happening," said Winfrey.

Theoretically, the amount of residential electricity needed in the evening hours is dependent both on when the sun sets and when people go to bed. The episode was hailed by some as the "television event of the decade" and helped Letterman attract his largest audience in more than 11 years: 13.45 million viewers.[7] Although a much-rumored feud was said to have been the cause of the rift, both Winfrey and Letterman balked at such talk. One of the major reasons given for observing DST is energy conservation. On December 1, 2005, Oprah appeared on The Late Show with David Letterman to promote the new Broadway musical The Color Purple, of which she was a producer, joining the host for the first time in sixteen years. Starting and ending dates are variable: normally, Brazilian DST starts at 00:00 on an October (rarely November) Sunday and ends at 00:00 on a February Sunday. In a later show, Winfrey changed her report of the event and no longer claimed she was denied entrance on account of her race. Brazil adopted DST for the first time in 1931, but uninterruptedly since 1985 in southern states (south, southeast regions and states of Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul). Winfrey felt she could enter the store after closing time, but when told that they were indeed closed, she claimed she was mistaken for a poor black woman and denied entrance because the store had been "having problems with North Africans lately." In September 2005, Hermès USA CEO Robert Chavez was a guest on The Oprah Winfrey Show and sincerely apologized for not catering to "O" on behalf of the store.

In specific years the starting and ending dates have been modified for political or climatic reasons. Winfrey arrived fifteen minutes after the store's closing time, and the doors were locked while the last of the shoppers were being attended to. The current law which affects the entire country was enacted in 1970, but it had observed the practice as early as 1927 when the country had been divided into two distinct time zones. In June 2005, Winfrey was allegedly denied access to the Hermès company's flagship store in Paris, France. Chile switches to DST at 24:00 on the second Saturday in October and reverts to Local Standard Time (LST) at 24:00 on the second Sunday the following March. The jury voted to convict the man of murder.[5] [6]. Standard Time Zone Boundary in the State of Indiana (a 139 KB pdf file) has some history, public comments from each county, the final DOT determination, and the resulting time zone boundary. The trial was held in Chicago, Illinois, and involved a man accused of murder after an argument over a counterfeit fifty-dollar bill.

Currently, Pulaski and Martin counties are reconsidering their bid to join the Central time zone. Her celebrity status notwithstanding, the billionaire Winfrey served on the jury of a murder trial jury in 2004. These counties are: Starke and Pulaski Counties in the Northwest, and Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, and Pike in the Southwest. While most people are convinced the relationship is genuine, some speculate that it is more likely a matter of public relations, and, in fact, Graham is the co-founder and owner of his own public relations firm. As a result of the review, the United States Department of Transportation moved eight more counties to the Central time zone, effective when DST begins on April 2, 2006. The relationship of Oprah and Stedman has been documented through the years with numerous romantic tabloid articles often accompanied by color spreads of the couple at home and on lavish vacations. The bill to observe DST also required the governor to request federal review of the time zone divisions in the state. Winfrey has never married but it is widely assumed that she has lived with her partner Stedman Graham for almost twenty years.

On April 29, 2005, the Indiana legislature voted to begin observing daylight saving time statewide in 2006. Winfrey also owns a house in Lavalette, New Jersey. From 1991 until April 1, 2006 the state had three kinds of time zones and DST observances:. Rumors state that Winfrey was at a party the previous owners were throwing and so fell in love with the estate that she was reported to have purchased it by writing a personal check for $50,000,000 USD, although it was not for sale. Opponents claimed that daylight saving time created costs and inconvenience associated with changing clocks twice a year and had little or no real value. She currently lives on "The Promised Land", her 42 acre (170,000 m²) ocean view estate in Montecito, California, outside of Santa Barbara. Some supporters claimed that some businesses had located out-of-state due to the time-related confusion. Oprah Winfrey is believed to own a net worth over $1.3 billion USD according to the 2005 Forbes Magazine Issue.

Being out of sync with neighboring states and the national changing of clocks, supporters argued, had a negative economic impact on the state. This has fueled a rumour that Winfrey and Cooper are planning to make a movie together. In the past, neighboring communities sometimes ended up one or even two hours apart. Recently, Winfrey has been interviewed several times by Anderson Cooper, with whom she has completed several side projects. DST has been a long-standing controversy in Indiana, not only as an agricultural state, but also because the border separating the Eastern and Central time zones divides the state. Winfrey's latest television project will be developing and producing a new talk show for popular Food Network celebrity chef, Rachael Ray, which will begin airing sometime in 2006. Hawaii does not observe DST. The book club has since grown to over 800,000 members.

However, the large Navajo Indian Reservation within it does. Oprah.com averages more than 100 million page views and more than three million users per month. Most of Arizona does not observe DST. Since then, Winfrey has also used Oprah.com to continue her crusade to help those in need and against pedophiles by raising over 3 million dollars for Katrina victims and helping to capture 3 convicted child predators. Certain types of information systems (those that schedule future events with reference to UTC, for example) are almost guaranteed to encounter serious desynchronization problems unless both computers and databases are carefully updated—in some cases by hand. That same year, Oprah.com also launched Live Your Best Life, an interactive multimedia workshop based on her sold-out national speaking tour that features Oprah's personal life stories and life lessons along with a workbook of thought-provoking exercises. More difficult to quantify is the amount of labor and money that may be spent correcting errors that arise due to a failure to update computers. In 2003, Winfrey relaunched Oprah's Book Club with an online component and it quickly became the largest book club in the world, attracting more than 670,000 members.

A two-minute procedure for updating a computer, multiplied by a hundred million computers, represents nearly 1700 years of full-time labor. In addition, the website has unique original content, including Oprah's Book Club, which offers free in-depth reading guides for each book selection, online discussion groups and Q&A sessions with literary experts. In order to change the dates and times at which the automatic jump to or from DST occurs, these tables must be modified, which requires some sort of manual intervention by a human being in the great majority of cases. It provides comprehensive resources related to The Oprah Winfrey Show and exclusive interactive content based on O, The Oprah Magazine. Most computers are programmed to adjust automatically for DST, but they do so based on static tables stored directly on the computer itself. Oprah.com is a premiere women's lifestyle website, offering advice on everything from the mind, body and spirit to food, home and relationships. An additional issue raised by this extension is that it requires reconfiguration of virtually every computer in the United States. She is also a prolific author.

The extension was greeted by criticism from the airline industry and those concerned for the safety of children traveling to school in the dark before the late sunrise. Winfrey publishes her own magazines, O, The Oprah Magazine and O at Home. (See this article, for example.). From that show alone, viewers around the world donated over (US)$7,000,000. There is very little recent research on what the actual positive effects, if any, might be. Throughout the show, Oprah appealed to viewers to donate money to Oprah's Angel Network for poverty-stricken and AIDS-affected children in Africa, and she personally would oversee where that money is spent. Department of Energy information from the 1970s, the accuracy and relevance of which the DoE no longer stands by. In addition, each child was given a backpack full of school supplies and received two sets of school uniforms for their sex, two sets of socks, two sets of underwear, and a pair of shoes.

Proponents claimed that the extension would save "the equivalent of" 10,000 barrels of oil per day, but this figure was based on U.S. During the 21-day whirlwind trip, Oprah and her crew visited schools and oprhanages in poverty-stricken areas, and at different set-up points in the areas they visited distributed christmas presents to 50,000 children, with dolls for the girls and soccer balls for the boys. The change was introduced by the Energy Policy Act of 2005; the House had originally approved a motion that would have extended DST even further. In 2004, Oprah and her team filmed and episode of her show entitled Oprah's Christmas Kindness, in which Oprah, her best friend Gail, Stedman, and some crew members travelled to South Africa to bring attention to the plight of young children affected by poverty and AIDS. Starting March 11, 2007, daylight saving time will be extended another four to five weeks, from the second Sunday of March to the first Sunday of November. Winfrey was the recipient of the first Bob Hope Humanitarian Award at the 2002 Emmy Awards for services to television and film. In response to the 1973 energy crisis, daylight saving in the United States was begun earlier in both 1974 and 1975, commencing on the first Sunday in January (January 6) in the former year and the last Sunday in February (February 23) in the latter. The made-for-television film Their Eyes Were Watching God was based upon a teleplay by Suzan-Lori Parks, and starred Halle Berry in the lead female role.

The law was amended again in 1986 to begin daylight saving time on the first Sunday in April, to take effect the following year. In 2005, Harpo Productions released another film adaptation of a famous American novel, Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937). The law was amended in 1972 to permit states that straddle a time zone boundary to exempt the entire area of the state lying in one time zone. However, despite major advertising, including two episodes of her talk show dedicated solely to the film, it opened to sour critical reviews and poor box-office results, losing approximately $30 million. Any state that wanted to be exempt from daylight saving time could do so by passing a state law, provided that it exempt the entire state. In the run-up to filming, and in an attempt to break the only field she hadn't conquered -- film stardom -- Oprah lost a great deal of weight and underwent rejuvenative plastic surgery, becoming the Oprah that the public is now accustomed to seeing. federal Uniform Time Act of 1966 mandated that daylight saving time begin nationwide on the last Sunday of April and end on the last Sunday of October. Critics said this would not even come close to the experience.

The U.S. To prepare for her role as Sethe, the protagonist and former slave, Oprah experienced a 24-hour simulation of the experience of slavery, which included being tied up and blindfolded and left alone in the woods. This resulted in a patchwork where some areas observed DST while adjacent areas did not, and it was not unheard of to have to reset one's clock several times during a relatively short trip (e.g., bus drivers operating between Moundsville, West Virginia, and Steubenville, Ohio had to reset their watches seven times over 35 miles). In October 1998, Oprah produced and starred in the film Beloved, based upon Toni Morrison's Pulitzer Prize winning novel of the same name. States and localities were free to observe daylight saving time or not. The Color Purple has now been made into a Broadway musical and opened late 2005, with Oprah credited as a producer. federal law did not address daylight saving time. Many believe this was due in part to the Academy's "anti-Spielberg" bias, thinking the film would have been better directed by an African-American.

From 1945 to 1966, U.S. The following year Winfrey was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, but she lost to Anjelica Huston. This remained in effect until World War II began winding down and the requirement was removed on September 30, 1945. She earned immediate acclaim as Sofia, the distraught housewife. Daylight saving time was reinstated in the United States on February 9, 1942, again as a wartime measure to conserve resources. In 1985, Winfrey co-starred in Steven Spielberg's epic adaptation of Alice Walker's award-winning novel The Color Purple. Beginning in 2007, it will start DST on the second Sunday in March, and change back to standard time on the first Sunday in November. She is also the president of Harpo Productions (Oprah spelled backwards).

Through the end of 2006, the United States starts its DST on the first Sunday in April, and changes back to standard time on the last Sunday in October. As well as hosting and appearing on television shows, Winfrey co-founded the women's cable television network Oxygen. state of Arizona, which also does not observe DST. An unofficial Oprah fanclub, also organized a petition drive [4] in 2005, to nominate Oprah for the Nobel Peace Prize. The Mexican state of Sonora does not observe DST because it borders on the U.S. 23, 2004 by E!. Mexico has adopted DST nationwide, even in its tropical regions, because of its increasing economic ties to the United States. The concert was broadcasted in the United States on Dec.

Since April 2004, Cuba has remained on DST. There were musical performances by Patti Labelle, Andrea Bocelli, Joss Stone, Chris Botti, Diana Krall, Tony Bennett and others. Cuba always starts its DST on April 1 but the end date varies. The 2004 Nobel Peace Prize Concert was hosted by Oprah and Tom Cruise. Saskatchewan Government Relations gives further details on Saskatchewan's time policies. [3]. Lloydminster and its immediately surrounding region in Saskatchewan use the same timekeeping routine used by Alberta, DST with Mountain Standard Time. She plans to host 140 episodes per season, until her final season, when it will return to its current number, 130.

The charter of the city of Lloydminster, which is bisected by the Saskatchewan–Alberta border, gives it a special exception (among areas in Saskatchewan) to use DST. Winfrey recently made a deal to extend her show until the 2010 – 2011 season, by which time it will have been on the air for twenty-five years. Observationally, this is equivalent to the province being on Mountain Daylight Time year-round, though officially the province is considered to be part of the Central time zone. During the show each member of the audience received a new Pontiac G6 Sedan; the 276 cars were donated by Pontiac as part of a publicity stunt. (This policy was implemented when the Saskatchewan Time Act was passed in 1966, to solve the problems that arose when time zones varied from town to town.) Thus, in the summer months Saskatchewan is in sync with Mountain Daylight Time and in the winter months it is in sync with Central Standard Time. Perhaps Oprah's most famous recent show was the first episode of the nineteenth season of The Oprah Winfrey Show in the fall of 2004. Saskatchewan is bisected by 105° west meridian, the central meridian of the Mountain Standard Time Zone (UTC−7), yet clocks are kept at UTC−6 all year long. Phil, in 2004, which is produced by Winfrey's production company, Harpo Productions.

The province of Saskatchewan is the largest part of that country that does not use DST, that is, it does not adjust clocks in spring and fall. McGraw appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show for several years before launching his own show, Dr. The remaining provinces and territories will continue change time on the first Sunday of April and last Sunday of October unless they change their legislation. He accepted the invitation and was a resounding success. In 2007, their DST will start on the second Sunday of March, and return to standard time on the first Sunday in November. Phil made such an impression on Winfrey that she invited him to appear on her show. rules (The Calgary Sun). Dr.