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Crips

The blue bandannas worn by most Crip gangs. The purple bandanas worn by grape street Crip gangs. The black bandanas worn by shotgun Crip and other Crip gangs.

The Crips, originating in Los Angeles, California, are one of the oldest and most notorious African American gangs in the United States. They are involved in murders, robberies and drug dealing in the Los Angeles area. The Crips are mostly identified by the blue color worn by their members. What was once a single gang is now a loose network of "franchises" around the United States and Canada. The gang is largely composed of African Americans, but is multiracial in many cities (i.e. New York) where "satellite" Crip gangs are present. The gang has an intense rivalry with the Bloods. They are also known to feud with Chicano gangs.

History of the Crips

The Crips were founded by Raymond Washington and Stanley Williams. Williams argued that this was after the two became fed up with random violence in their neighborhood. Law enforcement officials dispute this, pointing to the incredible amount of violent crimes the gang members participated in, even in the early years.

The original name of the gang founded by Raymond Washington in 1969 at the age of 15 was the Baby Avenues, derived from a gang of older boys in the 1960s, named the Avenue Boys with their turf on Central Avenue in East Los Angeles. This evolved to Avenue Cribs and then Cribs as nicknames for the age of the members. The name Crips was first introduced in the Los Angeles Sentinel newspaper in a description by crime victims of young men with canes, as if they were crippled (though there is some discussion that it may have initially been a simple spelling mistake). The name stuck.

Stanley "Tookie" Williams co-founded the gang in 1971, and started his own gang called the Westside Crips. The Crips became popular throughout southern Los Angeles as more and more youth gangs joined it; at one point they outnumbered non-Crip gangs by 3 to 1. In response, some of the besieged smaller gangs formed an alliance that later became the Bloods.

Contrary to popular misconception, Crip sets do not feud solely with Bloods, but also other Crip sets — for example, the Rollin' 60s and 83rd Street Gangster Crips ("Eight-Trey") have been rivals since 1979, and their rivalry is currently the largest in L.A.

Expansion

In the 1980s, Crips moved into crack sales, a cheaper form of the drug cocaine. It was invented by deriving a cheaper process to extract the stimulant from the coca plant. Previously the only available form was an expensive powder; leading to the traditional use of cocaine as a status symbol for the wealthy hedonist. Now cheap, the Crips could market the highly addictive recreational substance to lower income brackets.

The Crips made enormous profits from selling crack and gathered the capital to advance themselves in the illicit markets. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s the Crips developed intricate networks and a respected reputation with other gangs across America and neighboring countries.

To stem violence between the Crips and Bloods, a peace treaty was recently negotiated, most notably in Watts, the treaty being largely based upon the ideals laid forth by original Crip co-founder Stanley Tookie Williams in his "Tookie Protocol For Peace". Though violence levels have been reduced somewhat after the conclusion of this peace treaty, gangland killings and warfare persist in heavily gang-controlled areas.

Gang identification

For many years, Crips were characterized by their tendency to wear blue in order to easily identify each other. One suggested origin of the selected color is traced to the school colors of Washington High School in South L.A. A particular set of Crips, the Grape Street Crips, have been known to wear purple in addition to blue. The SGCs are seperated into three sub-sets, the nine;139th street, the Foe;134th street, and the deuce;132nd street in the city of Gardena, California and have been known to wear dark-green, the city color of Gardena, in addition to blue to show that the Shotgun Crips are from Gardena. Crips also wear blue bandanas and British Knights sport shoes (using the company moniker BK, which the Crips use as a backronym meaning "Blood Killas"). They usually refer derisively to their rival, the Bloods, as "slobs."

In more recent years, however, the Crips have begun to cease the use of colors as a means of identification, since it is likely to draw attention from police. Methods such as the use of college sport team jerseys and hats are sometimes used, but in general, what set a certain gang member claims can be determined solely by their tattoos.

Origin of the name "Crips"

There have been many different explanations for the origin of the name of the gang:

  • The most well-known theories tie the current name with "crib" or "crib street" (alluding to an actual street or the young age of the members at the time of the gang's founding).
  • Crip or crib originates from the carrying of a cane or stick — Los Angeles Times 14 April 1992: "Word spread about the tough-looking young men, who some said carried canes and walked with a limp — cripples, or crips, they were called for short."
  • Mis-pronounciation of "The Crypts."
  • Some alleged backronyms for the name include:

Crips, hip-hop, and C-walk

Many popular rappers, in particular West Coast rappers, have close ties to Crips gangs in L.A. County. Snoop Dogg is a former member of the Rollin' 20 Crips in Long Beach (as are Warren G, Nate Dogg, and Goldie Loc), while WC has an affiliation with the 111 Neighborhood Crips in South Central Los Angeles. The late N.W.A member Eazy-E reportedly had ties to the Kelly Park Compton Crips. Recently signed G-Unit rapper Spider Loc is a member of the 97th Street East Coast Crips. However, there are also many rappers who are not members of Crips sets, yet take on traits of the Crip image and behavior because they hope to self-promote and sell records by doing so. Ice Cube has at times claimed to be a member of the Rollin' 100s Nhood Crips, even though he has no proven ties to this gang (aside from the fact that he is from the same area), and Atlanta rapper Young Jeezy has also claimed to be a Crip in some songs (also without any proof).

It is said that the popular hip-hop dance, the C-walk (Crip-walk), is meant to spell out one's set as an insult to rival gangs. On WC's song "The Streets" from his Ghetto Heisman album, he and Snoop Dogg rap about the C-walk's popularity in the mainstream, warning suburban teenagers and other non-gang members that it is a dance for Crips only.

Entertainers with Crip affiliations

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  • Brotha Lynch Hung (Garden Blocc 24th Street Crips) [citation needed]
  • Daz Dillinger (Rollin' 20 Crips) [citation needed]
  • Eazy-E (Kelly Park Compton Crips) [citation needed]
  • Jayo Felony (NHC 47 Blocc Crips) [citation needed]
  • MC Eiht (Tragniew Park Compton Crips) [citation needed]
  • Nate Dogg (Rollin 20 Crips) [citation needed]
  • Snoop Dogg (Rollin' 20 Crips) [citation needed]
  • Spider Loc (97th Street East Coast Crips) [citation needed]
  • Tray Deee (Insane Crips) [citation needed]
  • Warren G (Rollin' 20 Crips) [citation needed]
  • WC (111 Neighborhood Crips) [citation needed]

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On WC's song "The Streets" from his Ghetto Heisman album, he and Snoop Dogg rap about the C-walk's popularity in the mainstream, warning suburban teenagers and other non-gang members that it is a dance for Crips only. See also Circus (performing art). It is said that the popular hip-hop dance, the C-walk (Crip-walk), is meant to spell out one's set as an insult to rival gangs. In America a smaller or non-permanent funfair is called a carnival in contrast to the permanent amusement park. Ice Cube has at times claimed to be a member of the Rollin' 100s Nhood Crips, even though he has no proven ties to this gang (aside from the fact that he is from the same area), and Atlanta rapper Young Jeezy has also claimed to be a Crip in some songs (also without any proof). Many carnivals also have an associated funfair (or fun fair) with a number of amusement rides and sidestalls. However, there are also many rappers who are not members of Crips sets, yet take on traits of the Crip image and behavior because they hope to self-promote and sell records by doing so. The Carnival of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria[3] is one of the most typical and famous parties of the city, and is not only well known in Spain, but also has a worldwide fame.

Recently signed G-Unit rapper Spider Loc is a member of the 97th Street East Coast Crips. Other places famous for their carnivals are Cádiz and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, the capital city of Gran Canaria, one of the Canary Islands. The late N.W.A member Eazy-E reportedly had ties to the Kelly Park Compton Crips. Called the Sardine's Funeral Parade it marks the end of the period when it is mandatory to eat fish and vegetables only. Snoop Dogg is a former member of the Rollin' 20 Crips in Long Beach (as are Warren G, Nate Dogg, and Goldie Loc), while WC has an affiliation with the 111 Neighborhood Crips in South Central Los Angeles. When Lent ends, the Saturday following Holy Week is celebrated in a festival in Murcia, Spain. County. The Polish Carnival Season includes Fat Thursday (Polish: Tłusty Czwartek) - a day for eating pączki - and Śledziówka (Shrove Tuesday), or Herring Day (herring is a traditional Polish appetizer for drinking vodka).

Many popular rappers, in particular West Coast rappers, have close ties to Crips gangs in L.A. In Poland the traditional way of celebrating the Carnival is kulig, a horse-drawn sleigh ride through the snow-covered countryside. There have been many different explanations for the origin of the name of the gang:. Carnival starts on February 2nd and ends on Fat Tuesday, the day before Ash Wednesday. Methods such as the use of college sport team jerseys and hats are sometimes used, but in general, what set a certain gang member claims can be determined solely by their tattoos. It was not until a modern mask shop was founded in the 1970s that a revival of old traditions began. In more recent years, however, the Crips have begun to cease the use of colors as a means of identification, since it is likely to draw attention from police. The Austrians took control of the city on January 18, 1798 and it fell into a decline which also effectively brought carnival celebrations to a halt for many years.

They usually refer derisively to their rival, the Bloods, as "slobs.". In 1797 Venice became part of the Austrian-held Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia when Napoleon signed the Treaty of Campo Formio. Crips also wear blue bandanas and British Knights sport shoes (using the company moniker BK, which the Crips use as a backronym meaning "Blood Killas"). Maskmakers (mascareri) enjoyed a special position in society, with their own laws and their own guild. The SGCs are seperated into three sub-sets, the nine;139th street, the Foe;134th street, and the deuce;132nd street in the city of Gardena, California and have been known to wear dark-green, the city color of Gardena, in addition to blue to show that the Shotgun Crips are from Gardena. As masks were also allowed during Ascension and from October 5 to Christmas, people could spend a large proportion of the year in disguise [2]. A particular set of Crips, the Grape Street Crips, have been known to wear purple in addition to blue. Stephen's Day, December 26) at the start of the carnival season and midnight of Shrove Tuesday.

One suggested origin of the selected color is traced to the school colors of Washington High School in South L.A. Masks have always been a central feature of the Venetian carnival; traditionally people were allowed to wear them between the festival of Santo Stefano (St. For many years, Crips were characterized by their tendency to wear blue in order to easily identify each other. The subversive nature of the festival is reflected in the many laws created over the centuries in Italy attempting to restrict celebrations and often banning the wearing of masks. Though violence levels have been reduced somewhat after the conclusion of this peace treaty, gangland killings and warfare persist in heavily gang-controlled areas. The carnival in Venice was first recorded in 1268. To stem violence between the Crips and Bloods, a peace treaty was recently negotiated, most notably in Watts, the treaty being largely based upon the ideals laid forth by original Crip co-founder Stanley Tookie Williams in his "Tookie Protocol For Peace". In La Ceiba in Honduras carnival is held on the third Saturday of every May to commemorate San Isidro, and is the largest in Central America.

Throughout the 1980s and 1990s the Crips developed intricate networks and a respected reputation with other gangs across America and neighboring countries. The Krabbegatse Carnival shares very little traditions and folklore with the rest of the Netherlands and they have celebrated it in their specific way ever since in 1882 the first official Federation for Carnaval (De Sitchting Vastenavend) was erected, long before the Carnival was modernised and adopted in the rest of The Netherlands. The Crips made enormous profits from selling crack and gathered the capital to advance themselves in the illicit markets. The third variant can be found in Bergen op Zoom, or Krabbegat as they call it during the festivities. Now cheap, the Crips could market the highly addictive recreational substance to lower income brackets. Maastricht is famous for its Carnival which mimics Italian, mostly Venician, traditions, culture and costumes. Previously the only available form was an expensive powder; leading to the traditional use of cocaine as a status symbol for the wealthy hedonist. The most well-known variant is known as the Rijnlandsche Carnival and it shares many folklore traditions with its German and Belgium counterparts.

It was invented by deriving a cheaper process to extract the stimulant from the coca plant. Overall there are three different types of Carnival celebrated in The Netherlands. In the 1980s, Crips moved into crack sales, a cheaper form of the drug cocaine. During Dutch Carnival, many traditions are kept alive, like the boerenbruiloft (farmer's wedding) and the haring happen (eating haring) at Ash Wednesday but the traditions vary from town to town. Contrary to popular misconception, Crip sets do not feud solely with Bloods, but also other Crip sets — for example, the Rollin' 60s and 83rd Street Gangster Crips ("Eight-Trey") have been rivals since 1979, and their rivalry is currently the largest in L.A. During Vasteloavend (Carnival in the local dialect), every town is one big party. In response, some of the besieged smaller gangs formed an alliance that later became the Bloods. Although the west of Noord Brabant may have the oldest Carnival, it is the south of the most southern province of The Netherlands, Limburg, where many Dutch go to celebrate it.

The Crips became popular throughout southern Los Angeles as more and more youth gangs joined it; at one point they outnumbered non-Crip gangs by 3 to 1. Carnival here has been celebrated ever since the medieval times and was modernized after WW II, Bergen op Zoom even continued to celebrate it indoors. Stanley "Tookie" Williams co-founded the gang in 1971, and started his own gang called the Westside Crips. Most popular and even renowned places where Vastenavend is held (although every city, town or village celebrates it) are 's-Hertogenbosch, Bergen op Zoom and Breda. The name stuck. Here carnival is known as Vastenavend (literally "Fasting evening"). The name Crips was first introduced in the Los Angeles Sentinel newspaper in a description by crime victims of young men with canes, as if they were crippled (though there is some discussion that it may have initially been a simple spelling mistake). Carnival in The Netherlands is the oldest in the west of the southern province Noord Brabant.

This evolved to Avenue Cribs and then Cribs as nicknames for the age of the members. In the Netherlands, the last day of Carnival (carnaval) is held exactly 40 days (not counting Sundays) before Easter, making the days of celebration vary between 4 January and 28 February. The original name of the gang founded by Raymond Washington in 1969 at the age of 15 was the Baby Avenues, derived from a gang of older boys in the 1960s, named the Avenue Boys with their turf on Central Avenue in East Los Angeles. Politicians often attend the event and are then shown on TV laughing when the joke is on them. Law enforcement officials dispute this, pointing to the incredible amount of violent crimes the gang members participated in, even in the early years. The most famous event is the Villacher Fasching in Villach, Carinthia, which draws a TV audience of about 25% of the Austrian population every year. Williams argued that this was after the two became fed up with random violence in their neighborhood. Other than in Germany, where similar events tend to be ritualistic and ceremonial (the German events, even though they were sometimes broadcoast on Austrian TV in the past, are increasingly considered boring by Austrians), the Austrian events focus on stand-up comedy and political satire.

The Crips were founded by Raymond Washington and Stanley Williams. Third, in many towns and villages the local Faschingsgilden (Carnival Guilds) meet and offer their comedy programs to the public. . Second, January and February are the high season for ballroom dancing, with a large number of balls talking place especially in the Hofburg and other palaces in Vienna, including the famous Vienna Opera Ball. They are also known to feud with Chicano gangs. Children are often encouraged to come to school in their costume on the Faschingsdienstag (=Mardi Gras), and even some adults come to their workplace in a costume. The gang has an intense rivalry with the Bloods. Such parties are often held in private homes.

New York) where "satellite" Crip gangs are present. First, there are parties called Faschingsfest or Gschnas, where people dress up in funny costumes, similar to what Americans do at Halloween. The gang is largely composed of African Americans, but is multiracial in many cities (i.e. In Austria, Carnival is called Fasching and is generally celebrated in several types of events. What was once a single gang is now a loose network of "franchises" around the United States and Canada. Elsewhere the day is called "Women's Carnival" (Weiberfastnacht), being the day when tradition says that women take control. The Crips are mostly identified by the blue color worn by their members. In standard German, schmutzig means "dirty", but actually the name is from the local dialect where schmutzig means "fat"; "Greasy Thursday".

They are involved in murders, robberies and drug dealing in the Los Angeles area. The festival starts on the Thursday before Ash Wednesday, known in these regions as Schmutziger Donnerstag or Fettdonnerstag. The Crips, originating in Los Angeles, California, are one of the oldest and most notorious African American gangs in the United States. Switzerland and Vorarlberg, in Austria, also hold this celebration. WC (111 Neighborhood Crips) [citation needed]. Fastnacht is held in Baden-Württemberg, parts of Bavaria, and Alsace. Warren G (Rollin' 20 Crips) [citation needed]. Variants are Fasnet, Fasnacht or Fasent.

Tray Deee (Insane Crips) [citation needed]. This celebration is known as Fastnacht (literally "Fasting Eve" as it originally only referred to the eve of the fasting season). Spider Loc (97th Street East Coast Crips) [citation needed]. The "Swabian-Alemannic" carnival only begins on January 6 (Epiphany/Three Kings Day). Snoop Dogg (Rollin' 20 Crips) [citation needed]. Today all Carnival Clubs are assembled in the German Carnival Association. Nate Dogg (Rollin 20 Crips) [citation needed]. Modern carnival there began in 1823 with the founding of a Carnival Club in Cologne.

MC Eiht (Tragniew Park Compton Crips) [citation needed]. In the Rhineland as the most typical Carnival region, festivities developed especially strongly, since it was a way to express subversive anti-Prussian and anti-French thoughts in times of occupation, through parody and mockery. Jayo Felony (NHC 47 Blocc Crips) [citation needed]. and finishes on Ash Wednesday. Eazy-E (Kelly Park Compton Crips) [citation needed]. Officially, the carnival season, which is also called the Fifth Season, begins each year on 11 November at 11:11 a.m. Daz Dillinger (Rollin' 20 Crips) [citation needed]. German Carnival parades are held on the weekend before and especially on Rosenmontag (Rose Monday), the day before Shrove Tuesday, and sometimes also on Shrove Tuesday in the suburbs of larger carnival cities.

Brotha Lynch Hung (Garden Blocc 24th Street Crips) [citation needed]. Although the festival and party season in Germany starts as early as the beginning of January, the actual carnival week starts on the Thursday before Ash Wednesday. Some alleged backronyms for the name include:. In the South of Germany carnival is called Fasching and especially Munich developed a special kind of celebration. Mis-pronounciation of "The Crypts.". Whilst these events are widespread in all big and smaller places of that area, only Cologne, Düsseldorf, Aachen, Mainz, Bonn are supposed to be carnival "strongholds". Crip or crib originates from the carrying of a cane or stick — Los Angeles Times 14 April 1992: "Word spread about the tough-looking young men, who some said carried canes and walked with a limp — cripples, or crips, they were called for short.". Germany, especially the western part (North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate) is famous for Karneval celebrations such as parades and costume balls.

The most well-known theories tie the current name with "crib" or "crib street" (alluding to an actual street or the young age of the members at the time of the gang's founding). Bigger carnivals will sometimes also include a funfair, fireworks display or food stalls such as a beer tent. Circuits and Carnival Clubs (societies who build and run floats) put a lot of effort in to fundraising for the carnivals as well as charity, and to this end there are collectors with buckets walking in the procession, and in most places one or two floats used specially for collecting money, usually allowing the spectators to throw their contribution onto the float. Carnivals are arranged into circuits, and so the same floats can be seen in different towns over the carnival period. With the float with the most points at the end of the carnival season picking up the presigious County Cup.

These parades are also a competition for best float and best walking entrant categories. In Somerset, carnivals are held in October and November each year, and generally consist of a parade of illuminated floats or carts, with one or two marching bands, groups of cheerleaders, and individuals walking in costume. Several have performance and holiday parade charters (now historical documents) going back many hundreds of years. Devizes in Wiltshire, for example, has a week of carnival festivities which includes a street festival and a traditional confetti battle, concluding with a carnival parade with bands on the last day.

Over 100 smaller rural village and town carnivals still survive across the UK, sometimes taking note of Caribbean and European styles but striving to maintain their individuality and local community spirit. The leading festivities are Notting Hill Carnival in August (reputedly the world's largest), and Bridgwater Guy Fawkes Carnival in November. Caribbean influence has led to the establishment of several "West Indian" carnivals, but these are not held in Carnival season. In England Shrove Tuesday is celebrated as Pancake Day, but apart from the serving of pancakes and occasional pancake races and football matches (see Royal Shrovetide Football), little else of Carnival survived the Reformation.

The rich people of Aalborg then had to give some money for the needy. In the boat there were sailors and around it and there were musicians walking with collecting boxes. At the local museum, there is evidence which shows that this tradition dates back to 1895, when the Shipmasters' Association arranged parades through the streets of Aalborg. This has its origin in a thousand year old tradition, which is well known in Northern Jutland.

Every year a boat - Carrus Navalis - is pulled through the streets of Aalborg. At the carnival in Aalborg, the spring is praised by a local samba group Poco Loco, which will enlighten the streets with joyful dance, music and colourful costumes in the streets. For example, many people have taken inspiration from South American samba rhythms, so there now are many colourful samba dancers in Aalborg's parade. The Aalborg Carnival parade presents several different carnival traditions apart from welcoming the spring.

Every year lots of interesting carnival groups from around the world visit Aalborg to participate in this extraordinary event. The invited groups are competing to be announced as the carnival band of the year. On Friday and Saturday the stage is set for the Battle of Carnival Bands. On the day before the big carnival, The Battle of Carnival Bands is an exciting and colourful evening with processions through the city where all the participating groups compete to be the leading carnival group.

The Carnival ends with a grand firework display on the harbour. There will be music and dancing in the park all day long and plenty of possibilities to meet interesting people. The King then leads the entire parade to"Kildeparken," a park situated in the centre of town. The two parades meet at the harbor to honor the King of the Carnival, who is elected each year.

A group of decorated boats sails the channel going through town. Besides the parade in the streets there is a parade on the water. You do not have to sign up anywhere; you just join the parade at one of the four starting-points. In other words, the town is transformed into a gigantic theatre with you and the people as the performers, the street as the stage and the body as a dancing sculpture.

What distinguishes the Carnival in Aalborg from most other carnivals, however, is the possibility of joining the parade without being part of a professional group or an authorised samba-dancer. professional troops from England, Germany, Austria, Sweden, Chile, Bulgaria and Bolivia participates. The Big Carnival begins with a huge parade. The theme for Aalborg Carnival 2004 was for instance Atlantis.

Every year the participants create their costumes according to a different theme. There are usually about 25.000 people participating in the big carnival parade every year, and more than 75.000 spectators take their places along the route to catch a glimpse of this magnificent wave of people, colours and happiness giving homage to spring and fantasy. The Big Carnival, Children's Carnival And Battle of Carnival Bands. During the carnival there are three major events:.

The carnival takes place in the end of May. The carnival in Aalborg parade is one of the largest in Northern Europe. Aalborg has been the host of a surprisingly large carnival for many years. The Bogotá Carnival has had to wait until the XXI century to be resurrected, this time, by the authorities of the city.

In modern times, there have been attempts to introduce the carnival in the capital, Bogotá, in the early XX century, but it has always failed to gain the approval of authorities. The result was the uninterrupted celebration of carnival festivals in Barranquilla (Barranquilla Carnival), and other villages along the lower Magdalena River in northern Colombia, and in Pasto, Nariño (Blacks and Whites Carnival), in the south of the country. The carnival, therefore, continued its evolution and re-interpretation in the small and at that time unimportant towns where celebrations did not offend the ruling elites. There is documentary evidence that the carnival existed in Colombia in the XVIII century and had already caused concerned to the colonial authorities, who censored the celebrations, especially in the mains centers of power such as Cartagena, Bogotá and Popayán.

Although, it was introduced by the Spaniards and has incorporated elements from the European cultures, it has managed to syncretise or to re-interpret traditions that belonged to the African and Amerindian cultures of Colombia. These provide a cool down from the previous five days of hectic partying, parades and competitions, and are usually attended by the whole family. The most populated being Maracas beach and Manzanilla beach, where huge beach parties take place every Ash Wednesday. Ash Wednesday itself, whilst not an official holiday, is marked by most by visiting the various beaches that abound both Trinidad and Tobago.

This parading and revelry usually goes on into the night of the Tuesday. Also taking place on this day is the crowning of the Road March king or queen, where the singer of the most played song over the two days of the carnival is crowned winner, complete with prize money and usually a vehicle. After following a route where various judging points are located, the mas bands eventually converge on the Queen's Park Savannah to pass "on the stage" to be judged once and for all. Here the street parade and eventual crowning of the best bands take place.

Each band has their costume presentation based on a particular theme, and contain various sections (some consisting of thousands of revellers) which reflect these themes. On this day full costume is worn complete with make up and body paints/adornments. Carnival Tuesday is when the main events of the carnival take place. Also on Carnival Monday, Monday Night Mas is popular in most towns and especially the capital, where smaller bands participate in competition.

Here revellers wear only parts of their costumes, and the purpose of the day is more one of fun than display or competition. Carnival Monday involves the parade of the mas bands, but on a casual or relaxed scale. Here also, a king and queen of the J'ouvert are chosen, based on their representation of current political/social events/issues. A common character to be seen at this time are "Jab-jabs" (devils, either blue, black or red) complete with pitch fork, pointed horns and tails.

Here revellers dress in old clothes and cover themselves in mud, oil paint and body paint. It means "goodbye to the flesh" or "welcome to daybreak" (depending on the interpretation). J'ouvert, or "Dirty Mas", takes place before dawn on the Monday (known as Carnival Monday) before Ash Wednesday. These usually involve huge, complex, beautiful costumes.

Also the King and Queen of the bands are crowned, where each band to parade costumes for the next two days submits a king and queen, from which an overall winner is chosen. Here the Calypso Monarch is chosen (after competition) and prize money and a vehicle bestowed. "Dimanche Gras" takes place on the Sunday night before Ash Wednesday. Music styles associated with Carnival include soca, calypso, and steelpan.

Carnival is a festive time of costumes, dance, music, competitions, rum, and partying (also referred to as feting). In Trinidad, Carnival is a holiday season that lasts over a month and culminates in large celebrations in Port of Spain on the Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday before Ash Wednesday with Dimanche Gras, J'ouvert, and Mas (masquerade). Curaçao, Barbados, and Saint Thomas are also known for lengthy carnival seasons and large celebrations. The largest and most well-known celebration is held in Trinidad.

Most of the islands in the Caribbean celebrate carnival. A trio elétrico is an adapted truck, with giant speakers and a platform where musicians play songs of local genres such as Axé music and Maracatu. In some cities of the Northeastern Region, there is another form of the Brazilian Carnival: the Trio Elétrico. The main festivity in Brazilian Carnival takes place in Rio de Janeiro, with its samba schools, blocos and bandas which occupy entire neighbourhoods.

It is often viewed as one of the world's last "authentic" cultural celebrations. It takes place on the Saturday and Sunday before Ash Wednesday. The parade is celebrated every day from morning until late night (18 hours a day). The groups dress up as demons, Satans, angels, Incas and Spanish conquerors.

The carnival is celebrated in a parade of over 50 dance groups that dance, play and sing over a 5 km long course. The carnival is being celebrated in honor of the Saint patroness of the miners - Virgen de Socavon (the tunnel's virgin). One of the most authentic carnivals in South America is La Diablada carnival, which takes place in the city of Oruro, in central Bolivia. Oruro's Diablada is a popular back-packing destination.

For this reason it does not observe the lunar based Easter celebration but is fixed instead to the last days of January and first days of February of the solar calendar. It depends a lot on good snowfalls and very cold weather, to keep snowy ski trails in good condition and the many ice sculptures intact. The Quebec City Winter Carnival is the biggest winter-themed carnival in the world. The Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras in Sydney, Australia, is a well-known pride parade.

Places especially noted for elaborate Carnival celebrations include Aalborg in Denmark, 's-Hertogenbosch, Maastricht in the Netherlands, Cologne, Düsseldorf and Mainz in Germany's Rhineland, Portugal, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Salvador, Recife and Olinda in Brazil, Barranquilla and Pasto in Colombia, Port of Spain in Trinidad, Santiago in Cuba, Venice in Italy, Nice in France, New Orleans (see New Orleans Mardi Gras), Brooklyn, New York and Mobile, Alabama in the USA, and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Cádiz in Spain, Aalst, Binche, Eupen, Hasselt and Malmédy in Belgium. Rome has always been the headquarters of carnival, and though some popes, notably Clement IX and XI and Benedict XIII, made efforts to stem the tide of Bacchanalian revelry, many of the popes were great patrons and promoters of carnival-keeping. Some believe that this period of license represents the kind of compromise the church tended to make with pagan festivals and that carnival really represents the Roman Saturnalia. In ancient times, carnival was held to begin on 6th January and lasted until midnight of Shrove Tuesday.

Later on, the processions were devoted to Patron-saints, the two most prominent being the virgin Mary or the Saint the local church was christened to. This is usually done with processions, where the participants wore horrible masks, and where everyone that could would make loud noises and music with whatever was available. The festival was linked to the beginning of spring, and the idea behind Carnival was to scare evil spirits away. prominent in Switzerland probably predates Christianity.

Another theory, esp. Historians think that this spirit was transmitted to the Carnival. In the later Roman period, these festivals were characterized by wanton raillery and unbridled freedom, and were in a manner a temporary subversion of civil order. It is sometimes said that this festival came from Saturnalia, Saturn's festival, and Lupercalia[1].

.
. It sometimes lasts until Piñata Weekend, the first Saturday and Sunday of Lent. The celebration of Carnival ends on "Mardi Gras" (French for "Fat Tuesday", meaning Shrove Tuesday), the day before Ash Wednesday, when the rigours of Lent's 40 days of fasting and sacrifice begin.

This period of celebration and partying had its origin in the need to use up all remaining meat and animal products such as eggs and butter before the fasting season. Most commonly the season began on Septuagesima, the third from the last Sunday before Ash Wednesday, but in some places it started as early as Twelfth Night, continuing until Lent. (Or, of course, farewell to the flesh, letting go of the earthly or bodily self) Yet another theory states that it originates from the Latin carrus navalis, which was some kind of Greek cart carrying a statue of a god in a religious procession at the annual festivities in honour of the god Apollo. It has also been claimed that it comes from the Latin words caro (meat) and vale (farewell), hence "Farewell to meat".

The most commonly known theory states that the name comes from the Italian carne- or carnovale, from Latin carnem (meat) + levare (lighten or raise), literally "to remove the meat" or "stop eating meat". The origin of the name "Carnival" is unclear as there are several theories. The Carnival Season is a holiday period during the two weeks before the traditional Christian fast of Lent. Most Protestant and non-Christian areas do not celebrate it, with some Fundamentalist Protestant groups condemning the celebration, although the word carnival has passed into the vernacular and taken on secular meanings in most areas of the Western world.

Carnival is traditionally a Roman Catholic and, to a lesser extent, Christian Orthodox celebration. A carnival is a public celebration or parade combining some elements of a circus and public street party, generally during the Carnival Season. For other meanings, please see Carnival (disambiguation).. Italic text: You might also be looking for the circus.