Catwoman

The Black Cat is also a feline-themed thief, although she eventually reformed (but still commits the occasional theft) and became Spider-Man's partner and lover for a time. Source: NOAA National Weather Service Forecast Office. Marvel Comics' Black Cat, as initially seen in The Amazing Spider-Man, was originally intended to be a homage to Catwoman, although she eventually developed in a much different direction. Possible Tsunamis. One of the recurring villains in the cartoon Xiaolin Showdown was called "Kat-nappe," and was similar to Catwoman in appearance. Other tsunamis that have occurred include the following:. Another blond Catwoman, her costume and history appeared to be based on the Batman Returns version of the character. In light of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, UNESCO and other world bodies have called for a global tsunami monitoring system.

Catwoman was portrayed by Maggie Baird. This is in part due to the absence of major tsunami events between 1883 (the Krakatoa eruption, which killed 36,000 people) and 2004. Selina Kyle appeared briefly (and was killed off) in the first episode of the short-lived 2002 television series Birds of Prey, which featured Catwoman's daughter by Batman, the Huntress.
Unlike in the Pacific Ocean, there is no organized alert service covering the Indian Ocean. In the TV movie Return to the Batcave: The Misadventures of Adam and Burt, Julia Rose appeared as Catwoman and the young Julie Newmar.
. Halle Berry won the 2005 Razzie award for worst actress in a film for her role as Catwoman, and collected it in person; only the second Razzie 'winner' to have done so.
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The movie became a box-office failure, and was panned by critics & fans alike. The disaster prompted a huge worldwide effort to help victims of the tragedy, with billions of dollars being raised for disaster relief. In addition, the original "Catwoman" outfit that Patience wears when she robs a jewelry store is patterned after the "Catwoman" outfit worn by Eartha Kitt in the 1960s "Batman" tv series. The tsunami killed people over an area ranging from the immediate vicinity of the quake in Indonesia, Thailand and the north-western coast of Malaysia to thousands of kilometres away in Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and even as far as Somalia, Kenya and Tanzania in eastern Africa. Ophelia Powers then throws photos of previous catwomen down to her, and one can clearly see a picture of Michelle Pfeiffer's "Batman Returns" version of the character, which hints that either there is some link between Patience Phillips and Selina Kyle, or that it was done as a means of paying homage to the original character. The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, which had a magnitude of 9.15, triggered a series of lethal tsunamis on December 26, 2004 that killed approximately 275,000 people (more than 168,000 in Indonesia alone), making it the deadliest tsunami in recorded history. In the scene where Patience is told of the history of the Catwomen, she is pushed off the balcony and lands in the living room floor. As a result, 202 people on the small island of Okushiri lost their lives, and hundreds more were missing or injured.

The film was heavily criticized by both film critics and fans of the comic book character and was a failure in the box office, losing the producers far more money than it earned. A devastating tsunami occurred off the coast of Hokkaido in Japan as a result of an earthquake on July 12, 1993. Though Phillips has the same skills as the villain version of Catwoman, the film's story has nothing to do with Batman (who isn't mentioned during the film). The total number of victims of this tragedy was 259 dead, 798 wounded and 95 missing presumed dead. The movie alludes to other women in the past who have been granted such cat- like abilities. When the Tumaco Tsunami hit the coast, it caused great destruction in the city of Tumaco, as well as in the small towns of El Charco, San Juan, Mosquera and Salahonda on the Pacific Coast of Colombia. Patience had gained the powers from the goddess Bastet, through a gathering of cats lead by an Egyptian Mau. The earthquake was felt in Bogotá, Cali, Popayán, Buenaventura and several other cities and towns in Colombia and in Guayaquil, Esmeraldas, Quito and other parts of Ecuador.

This film's Catwoman bore nearly no resemblance to the comic version, besides sharing the name "Catwoman." In the film, Berry played Patience Phillips, a woman who eventually became Catwoman, a hero with supernatural cat-like powers, after a near death experience. The earthquake and the resulting tsunami caused the destruction of at least six fishing villages and the death of hundreds of people in the Colombian province of Nariño. In 2004, Catwoman, a movie, starring Halle Berry as Catwoman. A magnitude 7.9 earthquake occurred on December 12, 1979 at 7:59:4.3 (UTC) along the Pacific coast of Colombia and Ecuador. While many viewers and critics enjoyed the richness and complexity of the character, not to mention the way Pfeiffer looked and acted in the heavy makeup and the shiny black costume, fans of the original comic books disliked the notorious alterations and considered not only the character but the entire film to be more Tim Burton than Batman. The tsunamis were up to 6 m tall, and killed 11 people as far away as Crescent City, California. you've kind of a dark side, don't you?", to which she answers, "Not darker than yours, Bruce"), and this relationship seems to be Selina's only grip on sanity as her mental state seems to deteriorate (along with her costume, which is actually a metaphor of her) throughout the movie - now unrepressed thanks to her nightly alter-ego, the rage and resentment of her dark side are actually starting to destroy her. After the magnitude 9.2 Good Friday Earthquake, tsunamis struck Alaska, British Columbia, California and coastal Pacific Northwest towns, killing 121 people.

behind the Cat"), just as Bruce Wayne finds a reflection of himself in Selina ("You.. Nearly 2,000 people were killed. the woman.. A tsunami was triggered which swept over the top of the dam (without bursting it) and into the valley below. Accordingly with the film's interest in the schizophrenic aspects of its characters, Catwoman finds a reflection of herself in Batman ("Who are you?", she asks him, "Who's the man behind the Bat? Maybe you can help me find.. The reservoir behind the Vajont Dam in northern Italy was struck by an enormous landslide. She is at the same time a feminist version of Batman, defending meek damsels in distress - exactly what she was at the beginning of the film, and probably during most of her life - but insulting them for being so, and a terrorist of sorts, blowing up an entire floor of Shreck's department store and ultimately seeking to kill him. The number of people killed by the earthquake and subsequent tsunami is estimated to be between 490 and 2,290.

Mysteriously given new life by alley cats (in a memorable Burton-esque scene) after her corrupt boss apparently kills her, her repressed rage and sexuality - and, as one could argue, some sort of mystic feline influence as well - create Catwoman, an extreme version of everything she was never allowed - by both society and herself - to be: a loveable rogue, a sexual predator and a powerful woman. When the tsunami hit Onagawa, Japan, almost 22 hours after the quake, the wave height was 3 m above high tide. Behind this cartoonish and rather stereotypical character, however, lies a shattered soul filled with frustration and self-loathing who only needs - and quite literally gets - a little push to break into insanity. 61 lives were lost allegedly due to people's failure to heed warning sirens. As recreated by Daniel Waters and Tim Burton, Selina Kyle is a beautiful but shy and clumsy young woman who always says the wrong thing, thinks aloud, frequently insults herself and works as the harassed secretary of evil tycoon Max Shreck. The highest wave at Hilo Bay was measured at around 10.7m (35 ft.). Catwoman was played by Michelle Pfeiffer in the 1992 movie Batman Returns. The first tsunami arrived at Hilo, Hawaii approximately 14.8 hrs after it originated off the coast of South Central Chile.

Catwoman was voiced by a different actress, Gina Gershon, in the 2000s series The Batman. It spread across the entire Pacific Ocean, with waves measuring up to 25 metres high. Whether her hair was dyed or her natural color was never made clear. Its epicenter off the coast of South Central Chile, generated one of the most destructive tsunamis of the 20th century. In the second series, however, she appears to have shorter black hair. The Great Chilean Earthquake, at magnitude 9.5 the strongest earthquake ever recorded. In the first animated series Selina/Catwoman had blonde hair, coinciding with the release of Batman Returns, in which she was played by blonde actress Michelle Pfeiffer. Note: The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center was established to track these killer waves and provide warning.

Barbeau also voiced Catwoman in the 2000s online animated series Gotham Girls. The tsunami is locally known in Hawaii as the April Fools Day Tsunami in Hawaii due to people thinking the warnings were an April Fools prank. She was voiced by Adrienne Barbeau in 1992's Batman: The Animated Series, and its revamp in The New Batman Adventures. The Aleutian Island earthquake tsunami that killed 165 people on Hawaii and Alaska resulted in the creation of a tsunami warning system, established in 1949 for Pacific Ocean area countries. She appeared on the Batman cartoon of the 1970s ("The New Adventures of Batman") wearing an all-new outfit that has never been seen outside that series. The resulting tsunami measured over 7 metres in height and took about 2½ hours to reach the Burin Peninsula on the south coast of Newfoundland, where 28 people lost their lives in various communities. She appeared in the Batman cartoon of the 1960s (on the "Superman/Aquaman Hour") wearing the green costume she wore during that time. The quake was felt throughout the Atlantic Provinces of Canada and as far west as Ottawa, Ontario and as far south as Claymont, Delaware.

Catwoman has been a major character in almost all of Batman's animated series. On November 18, 1929, an earthquake of magnitude 7.2 occurred beneath the Laurentian Slope on the Grand Banks. Cassandra," the next to last episode of the series. On the facing coasts of Java and Sumatra the sea flood went many miles inland and caused such vast loss of life that one area was never resettled but went back to the jungle and is now the Ujung Kulon nature reserve. An uncredited fourth woman played Catwoman as part of a villain team-up in "The Entrancing Dr. Tsunami waves were observed throughout the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the American West Coast, South America, and even as far away as the English Channel. Lee Meriwether portrayed her in the 1966 "Batman" motion picture, based on the television series, when Newmar was unavailable. A series of large tsunami waves was generated from the explosion, some reaching a height of over 40 metres above sea level.

Catwoman was at various times played by Julie Newmar and Eartha Kitt in the live-action Batman television series of the 1960s, her first other-media portrayal. The island volcano of Krakatoa in Indonesia exploded with devastating fury in 1883, blowing its underground magma chamber partly empty so that much overlying land and seabed collapsed into it. She does not make an appearence in Batman: The Dark Knight Strikes Again. The philosophical concept of the sublime, as described by philosopher Immanuel Kant in the Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime, took inspiration in part from attempts to comprehend the enormity of the Lisbon quake and tsunami. Note that The Dark Knight Returns does not hold continuty with most of the newer Batman or Justice League comics as it was written in the 80's and that Catwoman's profesion in it was most likely based on her profession in Frank Miller's earlier work Batman: Year One. Philosophers of the Enlightenment, notably Voltaire, wrote about the event. She finally appears at Batman's funeral where she yells at Clark Kent that she knows who killed Batman. Europeans of the 18th century struggled to understand the disaster within religious and rational belief systems.

She warns him that the Joker is worse than ever, he kisses her and then leaves to follow the clue the Joker left. Historical records of explorations by Vasco da Gama and other early navigators were lost, and countless buildings were destroyed (including most examples of Portugal's Manueline architecture). He then apparently beats her, dresses her up in a Wonder Woman-esque outfit, ties her up, gags her and leaves her where Batman finds her later. The earthquake, tsunami, and subsequent fires killed more than a third of Lisbon's pre-quake population of 275,000. I'm lonely," second later on as an apparent prostitute whom the Joker uses to (after subjecting her to a mind control drug) gain acess to the governor through one of her girls. Before the great wall of water hit the harbour, waters retreated, revealing lost cargo and forgotten shipwrecks. Catwoman appeared briefly in Frank Miller's Batman: The Dark Knight Returns, first early on as a phone message "Bruce, Selina. Many townspeople fled to the waterfront, believing the area safe from fires and from falling debris from aftershocks.

[3]. Tens of thousands of Portuguese who survived the great 1755 Lisbon earthquake were killed by a tsunami which followed a half hour later. The writer then revealed that the reason for Selina's retirement is that she's pregnant. January 26 - The Cascadia Earthquake, one of the largest earthquakes on record, ruptures the Cascadia Subduction Zone offshore from Vancouver Island to northern California, creating a tsunami logged in Japan and oral traditions of the American First Nations. Selina is so smooth and polished; it's fun to write about someone who's a little rougher, a little sloppier." [2]. In 2002 it was suggested that the Bristol Channel floods of 1607 in England and Wales, UK, may have been caused by a tsunami. She's also going to handle her duties of protecting the East End in a completely different way than Selina, which so far has been very interesting to write. Santorini is regarded as the most likely source for Plato's literary parable of Atlantis.

She's had training, and she's been on the mean streets, but she's going to make some mistakes. At some time between 1650 BC and 1600 BC (still debated), the volcanic Greek island Santorini erupted, causing a 100 m to 150 m high tsunami that devastated the north coast of Crete, 70 km (45 miles) away, and would certainly have wiped out the Minoan civilization along Crete's northern shore. Writer Will Pfeifer has stated on the new Catwoman, "Without revealing any identities, the new Catwoman is someone with less experience than Selina Kyle -- though she's not completely inexperienced, and she's been part of that shadowy world Catwoman inhabits for years. In the North Atlantic Ocean (Norwegian Sea), the Storegga Slides were a major series of sudden underwater land movements over the course of tens of thousands of years, which caused tsunamis and megatsunamis across a wide area. In the new year, Selina Kyle has been forced to leave the East End and is no longer Catwoman, and someone new has replaced her. Very small tsunamis, non-destructive and undetectable without specialized equipment, occur frequently as a result of minor earthquakes and other events. After Infinite Crisis #7, the DC Universe will jump forward one year in time. Tsunamis occur most frequently in the Pacific Ocean, but are a global phenomenon; they are possible wherever large bodies of water are found, including inland lakes, where they can be caused by landslides.

Afterwards, she was seen covering her bed with past versions of her Catwoman costume. See also List of historic tsunamis by death toll.. Catwoman's response to this revelation was unequivocal: she pitched Zatanna out a window. While it would take some years for the trees to grow to a useful size, such plantations could offer a much cheaper and longer-lasting means of tsunami mitigation than the costly and environmentally destructive method of erecting artificial barriers. Light and Batman. [5] Environmentalists have suggested tree planting along stretches of sea coast which are prone to tsunami risks. Zatanna gave no reason for her actions, but in flashback it was shown that she had acted with the consent and aid of five of the seven JLA members who had helped her mindwipe Dr. In one striking example, the village of Naluvedapathy in India's Tamil Nadu region suffered minimal damage and few deaths as the wave broke up on a forest of 80,244 trees planted along the shoreline in 2002 in a bid to enter the Guinness Book of Records.

Zatanna proceeded to explain to Catwoman that she had magically tampered with Catwoman's mind, forcibly turning her from villain to hero. Some locations in the path of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami escaped almost unscathed as a result of the tsunami's energy being sapped by a belt of trees such as coconut palms and mangroves. After she was done, Zatanna appeared at her side, informing her that she had some "bad news", hinting at an important revelation about her past. The effects of a tsunami can be mitigated by natural factors such as tree cover on the shoreline. Capitalizing upon the advantage which her "resurrection" provided her (the villains believing she had somehow managed to cheat death), Catwoman dismantled the new East End cadre of criminals, one villain at time. The wall may have succeeded in slowing down and moderating the height of the tsunami but it did not prevent major destruction and loss of life. The man impersonated her, and allowed several villains to shoot and dismember him, giving the impression to the underworld that Catwoman was really dead (like Clayface, the man was able to survive what would otherwise be fatal wounds). The port town of Aonae was completely surrounded by a tsunami wall, but the waves washed right over the wall and destroyed all the wood-framed structures in the area.

Selina made a deal with a former criminal who had powers similar to Clayface's, who had promised to help her in exchange for his freedom. For instance, the tsunami which hit the island of Hokkaido on July 12, 1993 created waves as much as 30m (100 ft) tall - as high as a 10-story building. While her initial intentions were unclear, Selina shared her plans to infiltrate and destroy the cadre of East End villains with Batman. However, their effectiveness has been questioned, as tsunamis are often higher than the barriers. At the start of the recent storyline ("The One You Love"), an influx of supervillains seized control of the East End, leaving Selina with no choice but to join the new incarnation of the Secret Society. Other localities have built floodgates and channels to redirect the water from incoming tsunamis. Selina had no inkling that any villains had been mindwiped until Batman informed her of the events of Identity Crisis, and he now worries that her reformation may be due to mental manipulation. Japan has implemented an extensive programme of building tsunami walls of up to 4.5m (13.5 ft) high in front of populated coastal areas.

However, it is now unclear if her reformation was the result of a mindwipe by Zatanna, a procedure known to deeply affect and, in at least one case, physically incapacitate its victims. While it is not possible to prevent a tsunami, in some particularly tsunami-prone countries some measures have been taken to reduce the damage caused on shore. Catwoman appears to be completely reformed, and her love for Batman true (although brash and unpredictable). Some scientists speculate that animals may have an ability to sense subsonic Rayleigh waves from an earthquake minutes or hours before a tsunami strikes shore (Kenneally, [4]).. In response to Batman's inquiry about her wounds, Selina departed the Batcave after curtly informing Batman that he had already "done enough.". The phenomenon was also noted in Sri Lanka in the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake ([3]). However, this was something of a hollow victory, since all recognized that Despero was able to pit the JLA members against one another by drawing upon pre-existing animosities and distrust. The Lisbon quake is the first documented case of such a phenomenon in Europe.

After a fierce struggle, Despero was subdued. Many animals sense danger and flee to higher ground before the water arrives. When Despero and a faction of brainwashed League members infiltrated the cave and succeeded in brainwashing Batman, Catwoman was able to send a distress call out to the unaffected League members. One of the early warnings comes from nearby animals. Wounded, she was taken to the Batcave to recover. Computer models can roughly predict tsunami arrival and impact based on information about the event that triggered it and the shape of the seafloor (bathymetry) and coastal land (topography).[2]. Recently in the JLA story arc Crisis of Conscience, Catwoman further proved herself an ally when she fought alongside Batman and the League against the old Secret Society, of which she had once briefly been a member. In some communities on the west coast of the United States, which is prone to Pacific Ocean tsunamis, warning signs advise people where to run in the event of an incoming tsunami.

At the end, Catwoman broke off their relationship when Batman believed that it had been influenced by the villain Hush. Regions with a high risk of tsunamis may use tsunami warning systems to detect tsunamis and warn the general population before the wave reaches land. During the Hush storyline in Batman #608-#619, Batman and Catwoman briefly worked together and had a short affair, during the course of which Batman revealed his true identity to her. In a low-lying coastal area, a strong earthquake is a major warning sign that a tsunami may be produced. This series met with critical and fan acclaim, especially for its first 25 issues. Again, being educated about a tsunami is important, to realise that when the water level drops the first time, the danger is not yet over. In this series, Selina Kyle, joined by new supporting cast members Holly and Slam Bradley (a character from the early Golden Age DC Comics), became protector of the residents of Gotham’s East End, while still carrying out an ambitious career as a cat burglar. In instances where the leading edge of the tsunami is its first peak, succeeding waves can lead to further flooding.

This storyline led in to the newest Catwoman series in late 2001 (written by Brubaker initially with Cooke, later joined by artist Cameron Stewart). People unaware of the danger may remain at the shore due to curiosity, or for collecting fish from the exposed sea bed. In a backup storyline Trail of the Catwoman, by writer Ed Brubaker and artist Darwyn Cooke, the reader followed private detective Slam Bradley's attempts to find out what really happened to Selina Kyle. If the slope is shallow, this recession can exceed many hundreds of metres. Catwoman then appeared in a series of backup stories in Detective Comics #759 to #762. In instances where the leading edge of the tsunami wave is its trough, the sea will recede from the coast half of the wave's period before the wave's arrival. Soon afterwards she disappeared and was thought killed by the assassin Deathstroke the Terminator, ending her series at #94. Tsunamis cannot be prevented or precisely predicted, but there are some warning signs of an impending tsunami, and there are many systems being developed and in use to reduce the damage from tsunamis.

Although later cleared, she displayed increasingly erratic behavior throughout the story. The following have at various times been associated with a tsunami [1]:. When later that year during the Officer Down storyline in the Batman titles, Catwoman was initially the chief suspect. As a result, Hilo suffered worse damage than any other place in Hawaii, with the tsunami/seiche reaching a height of 14 m and killing 159 inhabitants. Harleen Quinzel (the supervillain Harley Quinn), became mentally unbalanced. That meant that every second wave was in phase with the motion of Hilo Bay, creating a seiche in the bay. While in prison, she escaped, and under the influence of Dr. The natural resonant period of Hilo Bay is about thirty minutes.

However immediately following that, she was arrested by Commissioner Gordon and put on trial, followed by being sentenced to imprisonment. For instance, the tsunami that hit Hawaii on April 1, 1946 had a fifteen-minute interval between wave fronts. As Catwoman, Kyle assisted Batman against Lex Luthor in the reconstruction of the city. Local geographic peculiarities can lead to seiche or standing waves forming, which can amplify the onshore damage. Selina then returned to Gotham, which at this time was in the midst of the No Man's Land storyline. They also need not be symmetrical; tsunami waves may be much stronger in one direction than another, depending on the nature of the source and the surrounding geography. However, her plans were ruined when the supervillain the Trickster inadvertently connected Kyle to her Catwoman alter ego. However, tsunami waves can diffract around land masses (as shown in this Indian Ocean tsunami animation as the waves reach southern Sri Lanka and India).

She intended to use this position to run for mayor. Tsunamis propagate outward from their source, so coasts in the "shadow" of affected land masses are usually fairly safe. As the series neared its end, Selina moved to New York and through blackmail, became first corporate vice president, then CEO of Randolf Industries, a mafia-influenced company. There is no proof for this. The series also fleshed out more of her origin, revealing her beginnings as an underage thief, her difficult period in juvenile incarceration, and the training she received from superhero Ted (Wildcat) Grant. This gives the transient pressure built up during the quake as equal to twice and in addition to the hydrostatic pressure. Storylines included her adoption of a teenage runaway named Arizona, whom she briefly took on as a sidekick; aiding the criminal Bane, followed by helping Azrael to defeat him; and Selina Kyle as a reluctant government operative. The passing "hump" mentioned earlier is a "momentum flux" equal to density multiplied by the square of the velocity.

This series, written by an assortment of writers but primarily penciled by Jim Balent, generally depicted the character as an international thief with an ambiguous moral code. However a conjecture exists for velocities. In 1993, following the success of Batman Returns and Selina Kyle’s prominent role in that film, Catwoman was given her first ongoing series. At a water depth of 40 m, the speed would be 20 m/s (about 72 km/h or 45 mi/h), which is much slower than the speed in the open ocean but the wave would still be difficult to outrun. However, characters introduced in these stories (such as Selina’s young friend Holly from Batman: Year One and her sister Maggie from the 1989 miniseries) continue to appear regularly in the Catwoman series, and aspects of those plots are occasionally referenced, including recent issues that show Hollie remembering her days as a prostitute with Catwoman. For example, in the Pacific Ocean, where the typical water depth is about 4000 m, a tsunami travels at about 200 m/s (720 km/h or 450 mi/h) with little energy loss, even over long distances. It is currently unclear how much of these stories remain canonical to Catwoman’s current origin, as various stories and editors' statements over the years since then have stated that Selina was never a prostitute and that other events depicted in those stories never happened. Shallow-water waves move at a speed that is equal to the square root of the product of the acceleration of gravity (9.8 m/s²) and the water depth.

Though more circumstantial evidence was added to the theory of Selina's Falcone heritage, no definitive proof was provided. A wave becomes a 'shallow-water wave' when the ratio between the water depth and its wavelength gets very small, and since a tsunami has an extremely large wavelength (hundreds of kilometres), tsunamis act as a shallow-water wave even in deep oceanic water. Selina's connection to the Falcone family was further explored in the recent miniseries Catwoman: When in Rome (2004-5). As a wave goes down the whip from handle to tip, the same energy is deposited in less and less material, which then moves more violently as it receives this energy. Further, Batman: Dark Victory, the sequel to The Long Halloween, implied that Catwoman suspected she was the long-lost illegitimate daughter of Carmine Falcone, although she found no definitive proof of this. The steepening process is analogous to the cracking of a tapered whip. This led Selina to kill Stan, leaving Selina in an unbalanced mental state. While a person at the surface of deep water would probably not even notice the tsunami, the wave can increase to a height of 30 m or more as it approaches the coastline and compresses.

This series showed how Catwoman’s early career was tinged with tragedy as her former pimp Stan abducted Selina's sister Maggie and violently abused her. As the wave approaches land, the sea shallows and the wave no longer travels as quickly, so it begins to 'pile-up'; the wave-front becomes steeper and taller, and there is less distance between crests. Birch. The wave travels across the ocean at speeds from 500 to 1,000 km/h. This origin was expanded on in the 1989 Catwoman limited series (collected in trade paperback form as Catwoman: Her Sister's Keeper) by writer Mindy Newell and artist J.J. The energy of a tsunami passes through the entire water column to the sea bed, unlike surface waves, which typically reach only down to a depth of 10 m or so. In the course of the story, the origin of Catwoman was also re-envisioned, as a 5'7" Selina Kyle was reintroduced as a cat-loving prostitute/dominatrix who was inspired to become a costumed cat burglar when she saw Batman in action. This is often practically unnoticeable to people on ships.

A revision in Catwoman's origin, and the introduction of the modern version of her, came in 1986 when writer Frank Miller and artist David Mazzucchelli produced Batman: Year One, a revision of Batman’s origin. The actual height of a tsunami wave in open water is often less than one metre. Several stories in the 1970s featured Catwoman committing murder, something that neither the Earth-One or Earth-Two versions of her would ever do; this version of Catwoman was assigned to the alternate world of Earth-B, an alternate Earth that included stories that couldn't be considered canonical on Earth-One or Earth-Two. This is very different from typical wind-generated swells on the ocean, which might have a period of about 10 seconds and a wavelength of 150 metres. Catwoman's first Silver Age appearance was in Superman's Girl Friend Lois Lane #70 (November 1966); afterwards, she continued to make appearances across the various Batman comics. In open water, tsunamis have extremely long periods (the time for the next wave top to pass a point after the previous one), from minutes to hours, and long wavelengths of up to several hundred kilometres. The Earth-Two/Golden Age Selena Kyle eventually died in the late 1970s after being blackmailed by a criminal into going into action again as Catwoman (as shown in DC Super-Stars #17). A single tsunami event may involve a series of waves of varying heights; the set of waves is called a train.

Selina enjoyed this experience so much she decided to become a professional costumed cat burglar, and thus began a career that would repeatedly lead to her encountering the Batman. This is the two-dimensional equivalent of the inverse square law in three dimensions. However, her husband had kept her jewelry in his private vault, and she had to break into it to retrieve the jewelry. Although the total or overall loss of energy is small, the total energy is spread over a larger and larger circumference as the wave travels, so the energy per linear meter in the wave decreases as the inverse power of the distance from the source. It was revealed that Selina Kyle had been the wife of an abusive man, and eventually decided to leave her husband. A tsunami can cause damage thousands of kilometres from its origin, so there may be several hours between its creation and its impact on a coast, arriving long after the seismic wave generated by the originating event arrives. In Brave and the Bold #197, the Golden Age origin of Catwoman given in Batman #62 was elaborated on, after Selina revealed that she never actually had amnesia. Tsunamis act very differently from typical surf swells; they are phenomena which move the entire depth of the ocean (often several kilometres deep) rather than just the surface, so they contain immense energy, propagate at high speeds and can travel great trans-oceanic distances with little overall energy loss.

In the 1970s comics, a series of stories taking place on Earth-Two (the parallel Earth that was retroactively declared as the home of DC's Golden Age characters) revealed that on that world, Selina reformed in the 1950s (presumably after the events of Batman #69) and had married Bruce Wayne; soon afterwards, the couple gave birth to their only child, Helena Wayne (the Huntress). Large objects such as ships and boulders can be carried several miles inland before the tsunami subsides. Selina appeared again as a criminal in Batman #84 and Detective Comics #211, her final appearance for many years (until 1966). The sheer weight of water is enough to pulverise objects in its path, often reducing buildings to their foundations and scouring exposed ground to the bedrock. She wound up reforming and stayed on the straight and narrow for several years, helping out Batman in Batman #65 and #69, until Selina decided to return to a life of crime in Detective Comics #203. Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully into the coastal area. In Batman #62, it was revealed that Catwoman (after a blow to the head jogged her memory) was an amnesiac flight attendant who had turned to crime after suffering a prior blow to the head during a plane crash she survived (although in the final issue of The Brave and the Bold, she later admitted that she made up the amnesia story because she wanted a way out of the past life of crime). Instead it looks rather like an endlessly onrushing tide which forces its way around and through any obstacle.

There have been many versions of Catwoman's origins and backstory seen in the comic books over the decades. Although often referred to as "tidal waves", a tsunami does not look like the popular impression of "a normal wave only much bigger". . However, an extremely large landslide could generate a megatsunami that might have ocean-wide impacts. It has a more high tech look, with domino-shaped infrared goggles on her cowl. These events can give rise to much larger local shock waves (solitons), such as the landslide at the head of Lituya Bay which produced a water wave estimated at 50 – 150 m and reached 524 m up local mountains. Ed Brubaker, the master-mind behind the 2001 revamp of the character, has stated that Selina's current costume was inspired by Emma Peel's iconic catsuit [1]. Tsunamis caused by these mechanisms, unlike the ocean-wide tsunamis caused by some earthquakes, generally dissipate quickly and rarely affect coastlines distant from the source due to the small area of sea affected.

In recent years, she has usually alternated between these two costumes. These phenomena rapidly displace large volumes of water, as energy from falling debris or expansion is transferred to the water into which the debris falls. In the 1990s, she usually wore a skintight purple bodysuit, before switching to a black leather outfit that recalls Michelle Pfeiffer's Catwoman costume in Batman Returns. In the 1950s it was discovered that larger tsunamis than previously believed possible could be caused by landslides, explosive volcanic action and impact events. In the 1960s, Catwoman's bodysuit was green in color, which was typical of villains of that era. Waves are formed as the displaced water mass moves under the influence of gravity to regain its equilibrium and radiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond. Later, she wore a dress with a hood that came with ears, and still later, a bodysuit with attached boots and either a domino or glasses-mask. Similarly, a violent submarine volcanic eruption can uplift the water column and form a tsunami.

Catwoman, in her first appearance, wore no costume or disguise at all, and it was not until her next appearance that she donned a mask, which was a theatrically face-covering cat-mask that had the appearance of a real cat, rather than a more stylized face mask seen in her later incarnations. Sub-marine landslides; which are sometimes triggered by large earthquakes; as well as collapses of volcanic edifices, may also disturb the overlying water column as sediment and rocks slide downslope and are redistributed across the sea floor. She represents a gray area in Batman's otherwise black and white life where the line between good and evil blurs, and his attraction to her stems from this perception that, in her way, she's kind of a female version of himself: another dark, beautiful creature that prowls the night. Subduction earthquakes are particularly effective in generating tsunamis, and occur where denser oceanic plates slip under continental plates in a process known as subduction. Although originally introduced as an opponent for Batman, Catwoman's status as hero or villain is ambiguous; she has her own moral code (she abhors killing, though has resorted to it at times) and has occasionally teamed up with Batman and other heroes against greater threats, even saving the lives of the entire Justice League on one occasion. Such large vertical movements of the earth's crust can occur at plate boundaries. Her real name "Selina" derives from the ancient lunar deity Selene. Tsunamis can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water.

Created by Bill Finger and Bob Kane, she first appeared in Batman #1 (Spring, 1940), where she was initially known as "The Cat". An earthquake which is too small to create a tsunami by itself may trigger an undersea landslide quite capable of generating a tsunami. Catwoman (real name Selina Kyle) is a DC Comics character, associated with the Batman franchise. However, the most common cause is an undersea earthquake. A tsunami can be generated by any disturbance that rapidly moves a large mass of water, such as an earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide or meteorite impact. .

However, since they are not actually related to tides the term is considered misleading and its usage is discouraged by oceanographers. Tsunamis have been historically referred to as tidal waves because as they approach land they take on the characteristics of a violent onrushing tide rather than the sort of cresting waves that are formed by wind action upon the ocean (with which people are more familiar). A tsunami is not a sub-surface event in the deep ocean; it simply has a much smaller amplitude (wave heights) offshore, and a very long wavelength (often hundreds of kilometres long), which is why they generally pass unnoticed at sea, forming only a passing "hump" in the ocean. The term was created by fishermen who returned to port to find the area surrounding the harbour devastated, although they had not been aware of any wave in the open water.

Although in Japanese tsunami is used for both the singular and plural, in English tsunamis is well-established as the plural. The term tsunami comes from the Japanese language meaning harbour ("tsu", 津) and wave ("nami", 波 or 浪). The effects of a tsunami can range from unnoticeable to devastating. Earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions and large meteorite impacts all have the potential to generate a tsunami.

A tsunami (IPA pronunciation /suˈnɑːmi/ or /tsuˈnɑːmi/]) is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or the sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale. 16 October 1979 23 people died when the coast of Nice, France, was hit by a tsunami. 4 July 1992 - Daytona Beach, FL. 19 May 1964 - Northeast USA.

21 September 1938 - Hurricane, NJ coast. 19 August 1931 - Atlantic City, NJ. 8 August 1924 - Coney Island, NY . 6 August 1923 - Rockaway Park, Queens, NY .

9 June 1913 - Longport, NJ. 35 Million years ago - Chesapeake Bay impact crater, Chesapeake Bay. 18 August 1946 - Dominican Republic. 4 August 1946 - Dominican Republic.

9 January 1926 - Maine. 18 November 1929 - Newfoundland. 11 October 1918 - Puerto Rico. 17 November 1872 - Maine.

18 November 1867 - Virgin Islands. 14 November 1840 - Great Swell on the Delaware River. The villages of Arop and Warapu were destroyed. While the magnitude of the quake was not large enough to create these waves directly, it is believed the earthquake generated an undersea landslide, which in turn caused the tsunami.

A 7.1 magnitude earthquake 24 km offshore was followed within 11 minutes by a tsunami about 12 m tall. 17 July, 1998: A Papua New Guinea tsunami killed approximately 2200 people [7]. May 26, 1983: 104 people in western Japan were killed by a tsunami spawned from a nearby earthquake. 1976: On 16 August (midnight) a tsunami killed more than 5000 people in the Moro Gulf region (Cotabato City) of the Philippines.

It travelled at over 150 kph. This happened in the fjord shaped Lituya Bay, Alaska, USA. July 9, 1958: A huge landslip caused the highest ever reported tsunami which was 524 metres high. 1946: An earthquake in the Aleutian Islands sent a tsunami to Hawaii, killing 159 people (five died in Alaska).

A wave more than seven stories tall (about 20 m) drowned some 26,000 people. One of the worst tsunami disasters engulfed whole villages along Sanriku, Japan, in 1896. January 26, 1700: the Cascadia Earthquake (estimated 9.0 magnitude) caused massive tsunamis across the Pacific Northwest. The cause of the flood remains disputed, it is quite possible that it was caused by a combination of meteorological extremes and tidal peaks (discussion).

January 20, 1606/1607: along the coast of the Bristol Channel (main article) thousands of people were drowned, houses and villages swept away, farmland was inundated and flocks were destroyed by a flood that might have been a tsunami. circa 500 C.E.: Poompuhar, Tamil Nadu, India, Maldives. As the wave approaches, the top of the wave may glow red. A flash of red light might be seen near the horizon.

The sea may recede to a considerable distance. or a whistling sound. or a noise akin to the periodic whop-whop of a helicopter,. a roaring noise as of a jet plane.

A thunderous boom may be heard followed by