Bratz

Although good in animation, the stories seem to lack substance and fails to keep the attention of the viewers. Many current music festivals celebrate a particular musical genre. The series follows the Bratz through their adventures in high school while working on their magazine (the real Bratz magazine hit newsstands as well: $54.90 for 13 issues) and fighting off Burdine's interns, the twins Kirstee and Kaycee, who the Bratz refer to collectively as the "Tweevils". For example, the US-American bluegrass style contains elements from Anglo-Irish, Scottish, Irish, German and some African-American instrumental and vocal traditions, and could only have been a product of the 20th Century. The show features Yasmin, Cloe, Sasha, and Jade as the main characters. As world cultures have been in greater contact, their indigenous musical styles have often merged into new styles. In September 2005 a computer animated series based on the Bratz line of dolls began airing on 4Kids TV. Some works, like Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue, are claimed by both jazz and classical music.

Featuring the voices of Wendie Malick as the antagonist Burdine Maxwell, Tia Mowry as Sasha, Soleil Moon Frye as Jade, Olivia Hack as Cloe, Lacey Chabert as Kirstee, and Kaley Cuoco as Kaycee. While most classical music is acoustic and meant to be performed by individuals or groups, many works described as "classical" include samples or tape, or are mechanical. The subsequent Twiins releases moved away from this theme (Nona is the center of attention while Tess is the free spirit who does things her way; Valentina is a stylish fashion designer and Oriana is an edgy rock musician), though both new sets recycled the angel and devil keychains first included with Phoebe and Roxxi, to the dismay of some collectors. Genres of music are as often determined by tradition and presentation as by the actual music. When the first set of Twiins was released, Phoebe and Roxxi looked exactly the same, though Phoebe was presented as the "Good Girl" and Roxxi was the "Lil' Devil," reflecting the somewhat hackneyed theme of good twin/evil twin. (In academic circles, the original term for the study of world music, "comparative musicology", was replaced in the middle of the twentieth century by "ethnomusicology", which is still an unsatisfactory coinage.). Other issues include Jade from the Style It collection, whose alternate shirt featured a Chinese take-out box with a Japanese flag on it; Sasha, a dark-skinned character, was said on early boxes to be interested in hip-hop music, potentially supporting a stereotype of African-Americans. The term world music has been applied to a wide range of music made outside of Europe and European influence, although its initial application, in the context of the World Music Program at Wesleyan University, was as a term including all possible music genres, including European traditions.

As of this writing, May Lin has yet to appear in another Bratz collection, and is probably unlikely to be produced ever again. There is often disagreement over what constitutes "real" music: Mozart, Stravinsky, serialism, Jazz, rap, punk rock, and electronica have all been considered non-music at various times and places. On top of that, her name is misspelled; a more appropriate spelling would have been something like "Meilin" or "Mei-lin." This made it appear that the design team had not properly researched appropriate names for the doll (as they had for Kumi, who was introduced as a kimono doll) and merely picked a name that would be perceived to be Japanese by the general public (and thereby perpetuating misconceptions about the Chinese and Japanese cultures being one and the same), which did not sit well with more cognizant collectors. Among the larger genres are classical music, popular music or commercial music (including rock and roll), country music and folk music. May Lin sparked a bit of controversy because her name is Chinese, yet the doll was portrayed as Japanese. As there are many definitions for music there are many divisions and groupings of music, many of which are caught up in the argument over the definition of music. Bratz fans appreciate that the dolls feature characters of many ethnicities, most of no specific background, and that each is given her own name and set of clothing and accessories, instead of the long-time practice of doll manufacturers making their blonde and African-American dolls variants of the same character. Music history itself is the (distinct) subfield of musicology and history, which studies the history of music theory.

Others still are just glad to see their older children still finding dolls relevant in their lives; some parents even enjoy collecting Bratz themselves. Different cultures emphasized different instruments, or techniques. Others also praise the Bratz for breaking down female stereotypes reinforced by many other dolls, such as the fairy-tale princess or bride. Popular styles of music varied widely from culture to culture, and from period to period. On the other hand, since Bratz have natural leg lengths, large hips, and very modest chests, some parents are happy to see that dolls with what they perceive to be a more realistic body image are becoming popular. Music has influenced man, and vice versa, since the dawn of civilization. In actuality, the fabric piece under the Bratz Babyz' skirts (as well as those of the regular and Lil' Bratz) is merely functional, preventing the skirts from riding up over the hips of the doll. The history of music in relation to human beings predates the written word and is tied to the development and unique expression of various human cultures.

The Bratz Babyz were not immune to complaints, either, especially the "Babyz Night Out" fashion pack, the "Brattoo Parlor" playset, and the fact that the Big Babyz wear something under their skirts that looks like a thong. Speculative music theory, contrasted with analytic music theory, is devoted to the analysis and synthesis of music materials, for example tuning systems, generally as preparation for composition. They also took issue with the accessories that appeared to be champagne bottles and glasses and called for MGA to recall or otherwise remove the dolls from the market. Musical set theory is the application of mathematical set theory to music, first applied to atonal music. The group complained that the dolls sent a negative message "forcing" young girls to grow up too soon, while allegedly promoting the idea of sneaking out of the house to go on blind dates with complete strangers. Theory, even that which studies music of the common practice period, may take many other forms. An opaque window showing the Boyz' feet would clue which Boyz doll it was, especially during the quest for the exclusive Bryce doll, available in only 1 of every 24 boxes. What is most commonly taught in beginning music theory classes are guidelines to write in the style of the common practice period, or tonal music.

The dolls were packaged with a Bratz girl on the left (Cloe, Yasmin, Jade, Meygan or Nevra) and matched with a mystery Boyz doll behind the door on the right side of the box. More broadly it refers to any study of music, usually related in some form with compositional concerns, and may include mathematics, physics, and anthropology. The parental group Dads and Daughters was outraged by the release of the Bratz Secret Date collection. Music theory is the study of music, generally in a highly technical manner outside of other disciplines. [1]. If we acknowledge that sound is not organized and conceptualized (that is, made to form music) merely by its producer, but by the mind that perceives it, then music is uniquely human.". Others have claimed that each of the Bratz seem to have very shallow personalities of their own, with only superficial things such as clothes differentiating one from another. In the opinion of Jean-Jacques Nattiez (1990), "in the last analysis, it is a human being who decides what is and is not musical, even when the sound is not of human origin.

Some say that Bratz dolls' bodies look like those of anorexic women. As George Herzog (1941) asked, "do animals have music?" François-Bernard Mâche's Musique, mythe, nature, ou les Dauphins d'Arion (1983), a study of "ornitho-musicology" using a technique of Ruwet's Language, musique, poésie (1972) paradigmatic segmentation analysis, shows that birdsongs are organized according to a repetition-transformation principle. They also claim the commercials show 11-year-olds wearing lots of makeup and scantily clad and insist that the Bratz are at least partially responsible for the moral decay of today's youth (Such as "Above all else, BE BEAUTIFUL!", a line found on the website). Zoomusicology is the study of the music of non-human animals, or the musical aspects of sounds produced by non-human animals. Some parents have criticized the Bratz for being "unrealistic" and claim they promote materialism and consumerism. Within the quantitative Quadrivium, music, or more accurately harmonics, was the study of rational proportions. Bratz Boyz. In Medieval times, the study of music was one of the Quadrivium of the seven Liberal Arts and considered vital to higher learning.

Bratz Girlz. The study of music of non-western cultures, and the cultural study of music, is called ethnomusicology. A list of past and current Bratz doll names:. Research in musicology has often been enriched by cross-disciplinary work, for example in the field of psychoacoustics. The DVD, Rock Angelz, was released in September 2005 and showcased the Bratz in a computer-animated adventure as they started up their own fashion magazine. In contemporary scholarship, one is more likely to encounter a division of the discipline into music theory, music history, and ethnomusicology. The third person adventure game allowed the player to customize one of the Bratz girls while following them around the world to investigate stories for Bratz Magazine. The earliest definitions of musicology defined three sub-disciplines: systematic musicology, historical musicology, and comparative musicology.

The videogame of the same name was released on various gaming platforms. Many people also study about music in the field of musicology. The single "So Good" reached #14 on the Australian ARIAnet Singles Chart and #23 on the UK Singles Chart the same year. Meanwhile, western schools are increasingly including the study of the music of other cultures such as the Balinese gamelan, of which there are currently more than 200 in America. The CD, Rock Angelz, reached #79 on the US Billboard 200 in 2005, credited to Bratz Rock Angelz. Western style secondary schooling is increasingly common around the world, such as STSI in Bali. Many tie-in products were also released, including boomboxes, CD towers, guitars, and fashion accessories. The incorporation of music performance and theory into a general liberal arts curriculum, from preschool to postsecondary education, is relatively common.

Bratz Cloe, Yasmin, Jade, Sasha, and Roxxi (sold exclusively with the Rock Angelz Concert Stage) were dressed in 70's inspired rock attire, and each girl had a guitar and a mini CD single including 2 songs (one character exclusive song and the other 'So Good' the lead single). It is also common for people to take music lessons, short private study sessions with an individual teacher, when they want to learn to play or compose music, usually for a fee. During fall 2005, MGA released their flagship collection, Bratz Rock Angelz. In Bali, everyone learns and practices together. In August of 2004, a straight to video animated movie, Bratz, the video: Starrin & Stylin', was released. For example, Indian training traditionally take more years than a college education and involves spiritual discipline and reverence for one's guru or teacher. In addition to the dolls, the Bratz line includes playsets, vehicles, accessories, Lil Bratz, the Bratz Babyz, plush Petz, ("Catz", "Dogz" and "Foxz"), collectible posters and a video game. Sometimes this training takes the form of apprenticeship.

To date, Yasmin, Cloe, and Meygan have been made as Big Bratz. Other cultures have traditions of rigorous formal training that may take years and serious dedication. Introduced in 2003 with Yasmin and adding a member of the Bratzpack annually, the limited edition dolls come with a certificate of authenticity and are dressed in fall/winter fashions showcasing the girl's passion for fashion. Many people, including entire cultures, compose, perform, and improvise music with no training and feel no need for training. A special collector's edition called Big Bratz features 2 foot tall versions of the Bratz. Audiences can also become performers by using Karaoke, invented by the Japanese, which uses music video and tracks without voice, so the performer can add their voice to the piece. 2005 collections include Sportz (each Bratz girl dressed for her favorite sport, with coordinating accessories), I-Candy (neon, candy colored outfits and matching painted legs), Live In Concert/ Space Angelz Pop Stars (out-of-this-world space suits, headsets, anime eyes and wild matching make-up; included with the dolls was the CD single "Bein' Who We Are"), Treasures! ("Rogue Vogue" pirate style, complete with a treasure chest), DynaMite (vinyl catsuits and stiletto boots reminiscent of The Matrix or Charlie's Angels), Rock It! (boys only), Step Out! (celebrating the Bratz 5th anniversary and included a rubber bracelet; proceeds helped benefit the Step Out 2 Help Out foundation), Step Off! (the Boyz dressed in repeat Funk Out! fashions), Birthday Bash (80's inspired party dresses and leggings, plus a doll-sized gift bag/box), Campfire (warm winter camping gear and furry boots), Midnight Dance (a goth-esque collection with capes and detailed masks), Hollywood Style (dressed for a Hollywood premiere in repeat Bratz formal fashions), Wild Wild West (which included cowboy boots, cowboy hats, denim and suede inspired looks and big belt buckles), and Rock Angelz (the flagship line for the year). Sometimes, live performances incorporate prerecorded sounds; for example, a DJ uses disc records for scratching.

The Ooh La La dolls also included a matching pot of lip gloss for the owner. In industrialized countries, listening to music through a recorded form, such as sound recording or watching a music video, became more common than experiencing live performance, roughly in the middle of the 20th century. Ooh La La featured the return of Kumi, and the dolls in the series were dressed in berets, houndstooth and floral prints, jewel tones, and painted-on gloves and stockings. In many cultures there is less distinction between performing and listening to music, as virtually everyone is involved in some sort of musical activity, often communal. Fabulous saw the return of Tiana, and the wardrobe included fur coats, bra tops, miniskirts, and snakeskin boots. Recording, even of styles which are essentially live often uses the ability to edit and splice to produce recordings which are considered "better" than the actual performance. Two lines which were not officially part of the Bratz World series, but carry on the Bratz World theme are Fabulous, a Las Vegas-inspired line, and Ooh La La, which is set in Paris. Some musical styles focus on producing a sound for a performance, while others focus on producing a recording which mixes together sounds which were never played "live".

Each doll came with a pet; the girls each had a dog, and the boys each had a cat. Live music can also be broadcast over the radio, television or the internet. Punks had the Bratz dressed in London punk-culture attire, including studded and buckled vinyl jackets, wild hair colors and styles, and dark makeup contrasting with paler skin tones. The music that composers make can be heard through several media; the most traditional way is to hear it live, in the presence, or as one of, the musicians. Tokyo A-Go-Go Bratz had anime-style eyes, Tokyo-inspired fashions, wildly colored, micro-braided hair, and "cyberpet" companions. Also, Chris Buck, a violinist virtuoso and New Zealander, has recently lost his hearing. The Bratz World concept has taken the dolls to Tokyo, in the Tokyo-A-Go-Go collection, and London in the Punkz (boys only) and Pretty n' Punk line, with themed fashions and playsets to match. In more modern times, Evelyn Glennie, who has been deaf since the age of twelve, is a highly acclaimed percussionist.

Other dolls released through the years include collectible keychains, ornaments, accessories and make-up. Deaf people can experience music by feeling the vibrations in their body; the most famous example of a deaf musician is the composer Ludwig van Beethoven, who composed many famous works even after he had completely lost his hearing. Collectible posters have been included with the Bratz since 2001, and collectible cards were introduced during 2004. Concerts take many different forms and may include people dressing in formal wear and sitting quietly in the rows of auditoriums, drinking and dancing in a bar, or loudly cheering and booing in an auditorium. A variety of Bratz Head Gamez fashion heads were sold exclusively at Wal-Mart, and a gift set complete with one body, four heads and four separate fashion looks was released to the general market. Music is experienced by individuals in a huge variety of social settings ranging from being alone to attending a large concert. The unique Head Gamez line moved the Bratz' snap-on feature one step further by allowing the consumer to customize their own Bratz by snapping the Bratz head on and off a specially designed body. The field of music cognition involves the study of many aspects of music including how it is processed by listeners.

'Real' eyelashes first appeared in the Girls Nite Out collection, then again in the Wild Wild West collection and on Holiday Katia. Any musical event comprised of elements can be considered a "composition.". Budget lines include I-Candy and Hollywood Style, which feature the Bratz in one outfit with minimal accessories. Even random placement of random sounds, often occurring in musical montage, occurs within some kind of time, and thus employs time as a musical element. Each collection has brought in new shoe styles and accessories (Bratz with pierced ears began with the release of Funk Out! and the new "ring" accessory was introduced in the Step Out! line). The Italian term, meaning "free time," does not mean "without rhythm," but rather that the tempo or time of the piece changes dynamically. The basic lines such as Flaunt It!, Xpress It!, Funk Out! and Step Out! feature the Bratz with two complete mix and matchable outfits. When a piece appears to have no time, it is considered rubato.

Every year, the Bratz collections include a "basic" line, at least one or two budget collections, and at least two or three feature collections. A universal element of music is time or more generally rhythm. New members of the Bratzpack to debut in 2006 include Lilee (the 2006 Sweet Heart) and Leah (Midnight Dance wave 2). An understanding of music's formal elements can be helpful in deciphering exactly how a piece is made. Character May Lin was only produced once, as a special collector doll wearing a kimono as part of the Tokyo-A-Go-Go collection. What is important in understanding the composition of a piece is singling out its elements. Oriana and Valentina were later joined by their identical triplet sister, Sierrna, in a special "Triiiplets" set. Study of composition has traditionally been dominated by examination of methods and practice of Western classical music, but the definition of composition is broad enough to include spontaneously improvised works like those of free jazz performers and African drummers.

Three sets of "Twiins" Roxxi and Phoebe, Tess and Nona, and Oriana and Valentina have also joined the Bratz Pack. The music can be performed entirely from memory, from a written system of musical notation, or some combination of both. Over the course of the lines that followed, Meygan (who "moved away" for a while and then came back), Dana, Fianna, Nevra, Tiana, Kumi, Felicia, Katia, and Kiana have joined the "Bratz Pack," most of whom were introduced either with playsets or as collector's edition dolls. Music can be composed for repeated performance or it can be improvised; composed on the spot. The original 8 characters were Yasmin (based on CEO Isaac Larian's own daughter, Jasmin), Sasha, Cloe and Jade. Methods of composition vary widely, however in analyzing music all forms -- spontaneous, trained, or untrained -- are built from elements comprising a musical piece. Bratz dolls are characterized by an oversized head with large eyes and lips, a small body and shoes that snap on and off. Musical composition is a term that describes the makeup of a piece of music.

. Music which contains elements selected by chance is called Aleatoric music, and is most famously associated with John Cage and Witold Lutosławski. They are created in both sexes, "Bratz Boyz" having followed Bratz "girls" shortly after the girl dolls entered the toy market. Music can also be determined by describing a "process" which may create musical sounds, examples of this range from wind chimes, through computer programs which select sounds. Bratz is the name of a line of 9.5 inch dolls produced by MGA Entertainment, starting at the end of 2001. Composition does not always mean the use of notation, or the known sole authorship of one individual. Zack, (?) (Alek's twin) He has brown hair and green eyes. See also, precompositional.

Alek, (?) (Zack's twin) He has brown hair and green eyes. Improvised music virtually always follows some rules or conventions and even "fully composed" includes some freely chosen material. Iden, (?) He has golden brown hair. However, many cultures and people do not have this distinction at all, using a broader concept which incorporates both without discrimination. Bryce, (?) He has blonde hair with green eyes. Many, but fewer, cultures also include the related concept of interpretation, performing material conceived by others, to the contrasting concepts of improvisation and free improvisation, which is material that is spontaneously "thought of" (imagined) while being performed, not preconceived. Koby, "The Panther" He has brown hair with fair skin. Most cultures use at least part of the concept of preconceiving musical material, or composition, as held in western classical music.

Cameron, "The Blaze" He has blonde hair with blue eyes. To perform music from notation requires an understanding of both the musical style and performance practice expected or acceptable. Eitan, "The Dragon" He has Black hair with blonde streaks. Generally music which is to be performed is produced as sheet music. Dylan, "The Fox" He has brown hair with dark skin. Written notation varies with style and period of music, and includes scores, lead sheets, guitar tablature, among the more common notations. Cade, "The Viper" He has dark brown hair and brown eyes. This is referred to as musical notation, and the study of how to read notation involves music theory.

Lilani, "Sweet Swan" (Kiani's sister) She has brown hair and brown eyes. If the music is written down, it is generally in some manner which attempts to capture both what should be heard by listeners, and what the musician should do to perform the music. Kiani, "Prankster Parrot" (Lilani's sister) She has brown hair and blue eyes. Different musical traditions have different attitudes towards how and where to make changes to the original source material, from quite strict, to those which demand improvisation. Diona, "Sparkley" (Ciara's twin) She has raven hair and a beauty spot. Such music, especially that which has no known individual composer, is often classified as "traditional". Ciara, "Spunky" (Diona's twin) She has raven hair and a beauty spot. Music is often preserved in memory and performance only, handed down orally, or aurally ("by ear").

Lela, "Vogue" (Krysta's twin) She has light blonde hair and brown eyes. A performer is called a musician, a group being a musical ensemble such as a rock band or symphony orchestra. Krysta, "Shine" (Lela's twin) She has light blonde hair and brown eyes. What is called chamber music is often seen as more intimate than symphonic works. Lilee, (?) She has blonde hair and gray eyes. All cultures include a mixture of both, and performance may range from improvised solo playing for one's enjoyment to highly planned and organized performance rituals such as the modern classical concert or religious processions. Leah, (?) She has brown hair with green eyes. Many cultures include strong traditions of solo or soloistic performance, such as in Indian classical music, while other cultures, such as in Bali, include strong traditions of group performance.

Kiana, (?) She has black hair and dark skin. Performance is a method for musicians to share music with others. Katia, (?) She has raven hair and brown eyes. Someone who performs, composes, or conducts music is a musician. Siernna, "Kickin' Kool-ala" (Oriana and Valentina's triplet) She has Light Brown Hair, with Blonde Highlights. A great deal of music is produced by amateurs. Valentina, "Pretty Pup" (Siernna and Oriana's triplet) She has Light Brown Hair, with Blonde Highlights. The music industry is that which creates, performs, and promotes music.

Oriana, "Punk Skunk" (Valentina and Siernna's triplet) She has Light Brown Hair, with Blonde Highlights. Common terms used to discuss particular pieces include note, which is an abstraction that refers to either a specific pitch and/or rhythm or the written symbol; melody, which is a succession of notes heard as some sort of unit; chord, which is a simultaneity of notes heard as some sort of unit; chord progression which is a succession of chords (simultaneity succession); harmony, which is the relationship between two or more pitches; counterpoint, which is the simultaneity and organization of different melodies; and rhythm which is the organization of the durational aspects of music. Felicia, (?) She has brown hair with dark skin. By 'music-making,' I intend not only actual performance but also how music is heard, understood, even learned." ⁶. Nona, "Star" (Tess' twin) She has brown hair and brown eyes. According to Dane Harwood, "We must ask whether a cross-cultural musical universal is to be found in the music itself (either its structure or function) or the way in which music is made. Tess, "Solo" (Nona's twin) She has brown hair and brown eyes. A pulse is sometimes taken as a universal, yet there exist solo vocal and instrumental genres with free, improvisational rhythms with no regular pulse;⁵ one example is the alap section of a Hindustani music performance.

May Lin, (?) She has black hair. The debate often hinges on definitions, for instance the fairly common assertion that "tonality" is a universal of all music may necessarily require an expansive definition of tonality. Kumi, "Lucky Bug" She is Japanese with black hair. It is often debated whether there are aspects of music that are universal. Tiana, (?) She has black hair. John Cage considers duration the primary aspect of music because it is the only aspect common to both "sound" and "silence.". Roxxi, "Spice" (Phoebe's twin) She has dark red hair. For instance, melody and harmony are often considered to be given more importance in classical music at the expense of rhythm and timbre.

Phoebe, "Sugar" (Roxxi's twin) She has dark red hair. As mentioned above, not only do the aspects included as music vary, their importance varies. Nevra, "Queen B" She has brown hair and coffe colored skin. Silence is also often considered an aspect of music, if it is considered to exist. Fianna, "Fragrance" She has golden brown hair and tan skin. Other commonly included aspects include the spatial location or the movement in space of sounds, gesture, and dance. Dana, "Sugar Shoes" She has dark brown hair and blue eyes. ⁴ These aspects combine to create secondary aspects including structure, texture and style.

Meygan, "Funky Fashion Monkey" She has red hairand green eyes. A more comprehensive list is given by stating the aspects of sound: pitch, timbre, loudness, and duration. Yasmin, "Pretty Princess" She has brown hair and a beauty spot. The traditional or classical European aspects of music often listed are those elements given primacy in European-influenced classical music: melody, harmony, rhythm, tone color/timbre, and form. Sasha, "Bunny Boo" She has brown hair and dark skin. The platonic ideal of music is currently the least fashionable in the philosophy of criticism and music, because it is crowded on one side by the physical view - what is the metasubstance of music made of, if not sound? - and on the other hand by the constructed view of music - how can one tell the difference between any metanarrative of music and one which is merely intersubjective? However, its appeal, finding unexpected mathematical relationships in music, and finding analogies between music and physics, for example string theory, means that this view continues to find adherents, including such critics and performers as Charles Rosen and Edward Rothstein. Jade, "Kool Kat" She has jet black hair and brown eyes. In this example sound, a common element, is excluded, while gesture, a less common element, is given primacy.

Cloe, "Angel" She has light blonde hair and blue eyes. Molino (1975: 43) argues that, in addition to a lack of consensus, "any element belonging to the total musical fact can be isolated, or taken as a strategic variable of musical production." Nattiez gives as examples Mauricio Kagel's Con Voce [with voice], where a masked trio silently mimes playing instruments. Often a definition of music lists the aspects or elements that make up music. In support of the view that music is a label for a totality of different aspects which are culturally constructed. By all accounts there is no single and intercultural universal concept defining what music might be.".

According to musicologist Jean-Jacques Nattiez (1990 p.47-8,55): "The border between music and noise is always culturally defined--which implies that, even within a single society, this border does not always pass through the same place; in short, there is rarely a consensus... John Cage is the most famous advocate of the idea that anything can be music, saying, for example, "There is no noise, only sound," though some argue that this somewhat fascistically imposes the definition on everything. Music theory, within this realm, is studied with the presupposition that music is orderly and often pleasant to hear. Traditional philosophies define music as tones ordered horizontally (as melodies) and vertically (as harmonies).

In this view, there are observable patterns to what is broadly labeled music, and while there are understandable cultural variations, the properties of music are the properties of sound as perceived and processed by people. The definition of music as sound with particular characteristics is taken as a given by psychoacoustics, and is a common one in musicology and performance. Broadly, here are some groups of definitions:. .

Music is an art, entertainment, or other human activity which involves organized and audible sound, though definitions vary. ISBN 0195115392. Oxford University Press. Music Theory Resource Book.

Owen, Harold (2000). ISBN 0691027145. Translated by Carolyn Abbate (1990). Music and Discourse: Toward a Semiology of Music (Musicologie générale et sémiologue, 1987).

Nattiez, Jean-Jacques (1987). 17:37-62. "Fait musical et sémiologue de la musique", Musique en Jeu, no. Molino, Jean (1975).

ISBN 0195146816. Oxford University Press. Who Needs Classical Music?: Cultural Choice and Musical Value. Johnson, Julian (2002).

3:521-33. "Universals in Music: A Perspective from Cognitive Psychology", Ethnomusicology 20, no. Harwood, Dane (1976). Harwood, 1976: 522.

Johnson, 2002. Owen, 2000: 6. Molino, 1975: 43. Nattiez, 1990: p.47-8,55.

Molino, 1975: 37. Those that seek a platonic or quasi-platonic ideal of music which is not rooted in specifically physical or mental terms, but in a higher truth. Those that label it as an artistic process or product, with the related psychological phenomena. Those that label it, according to context, as a social construction or subjective experience.

Those that define music as an external, physical fact, for example "organized sound", or as a specific type of perception.