BMW

However, even with all this success, on October 21st, 2005, the BMW Films were taken offline. Others closely associated with the city include:. These videos are very popular within the enthusiast community and have opened the eyes of many owners looking for a sporty/fun car. For persons born in Venice, see Natives of Venice.. In the summer of 2001, BMW even went as far as starting the BMW Films website, showcasing some sporty models being driven to extremes. In videogames, Venice appeared in Core Design's Tomb Raider 2. They're one of the few automakers that support driving their cars to their limits, suggesting "spirited driving" in certain operation manuals. Other major works involving Venice include:.

BMW has always had a very tight and loyal community following. Cooper's novel depicts Venice as a brutal dictatorship, governed through intrigue and murder, masked by the placid facade of the Repubblica Serenissima (serene republic). Interestingly, in the German language, the correct pronunciation of the term "bimmer" is "beemer.". A bravo is an assassin under contract to the state, typically carrying out his assignments with a stilletto. As such, use of the word "beemer" to refer to a BMW automobile is frowned upon by BMW enthusiasts, because it is the term used for motorcycles, though the distinction is somewhat arbitrary. A remarkable, and unflattering, portrait of Venetian politics appears in The Bravo, published in 1831 by American novelist James Fennimore Cooper. The term "bimmer" was later coined to refer (exclusively) to BMW automobiles. Life in 1750s Venice is illustrated by the biography A Venetian Affair, which is based on the prolific love letters between a Venetian nobleman and his illegitimate half-English lover.

Over time, the term became closely associated with BMW motorcycles. They were generally rough. The term "beemer" started as a pronunciation of the acronym "BMW," adapted from the early-20th-Century British pronunciation of BSA (as "beeser" or "beezer"), whose motorcycles were often racing BMW's. Canvases (the now almost universal surface for painting) originated in Venice during the early renaissance. BMW has also gained a reputation as part of an Internet prank, in that it is intentionally referred to erroneously as "British Motor Works" in order to get a charge out of newbies. By the end of the century, Venice was famous for the splendor of its music, as exemplified in the "colossal style" of Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli, which used multiple choruses and instrumental groups. In Germany:. Venice was the early center of music printing; Ottaviano Petrucci began publishing music almost as soon as this technology was available, and his publishing enterprise helped to attract composers from all over Europe, especially from France and Flanders.

The Telelever significantly reduces dive under braking, and is sometimes criticized by sport riders as insulating the rider from road inputs, therefore reducing the rider's "feel" for the roadway. During the 16th century, Venice became one of the most important musical centers of Europe, marked by a characteristic style of composition (the Venetian school) and the development of the Venetian polychoral style under composers such as Adrian Willaert, who worked at San Marco. Their trademark front suspension design, called the Telelever, was first seen in the early 1990s. Dull garments were worn over colorful ones, which then were cut to show the hidden colors — which resulted in the wide spread of men's "slashed" fashions in the 15th century. Most modern examples use single-sided rear swingarms. The Senate passed sumptuary laws, but these merely resulted in changes in fashion in order to circumvent the law. BMW is an innovator in motorcycle suspension design. In the 14th century, many young Venetian men began wearing tight-fitting multicolored hose, the designs on which indicated the Compagnie della Calza ("Trouser Club") to which they belonged.

BMW was one of the earliest manufacturers to offer anti-lock brakes on production motorcycles. If sinking is prevented, today's engineers hope that future generations will - perhaps in thousands of years time - remember the current work being done, for saving one of the most romantic cities in the world. Innovations include a unique electronically adjustable front and rear suspension, and a Hossack-type front fork BMW calls Duolever. A further point about the "lifting" system would be that it would be permenant - the MOSE Project is, by it very nature, a temporary system: it is expected to protect Venice for "only" 100 years. It was BMW's latest attempt to keep up with the pace of development of sports machines from the likes of Honda, Kawasaki and Suzuki. This way, some hope, it could rise above sea levels, protecting it for hundreds of years, and eventually the MOSE project may not be necessary (it will, controvertially, alter the tidal patterns in the lagoon, damaging some wildlife). It is both powerful (the engine is a 167 bhp unit derived from the company's work with the Williams F1 team) and significantly lighter than previous K models. Some experts say that the best way to protect Venice is to physically lift the City to a greater height above sea level - by pumping water into the soil underneath the city.

In 2004, BMW introduced the new K1200S Sports Bike which marked a departure for BMW. To make things worse, however, sea levels are rising anyway, and in fact, the whole east coast of Italy is sinking (although very slowly). (Older Rs are principally air-cooled, and called airheads.) In 2004, BMW updated the oilhead boxer engine, adding double spark plugs per cylinder, a built-in balance shaft, an increased capacity to 1200 cc and enhanced performance to 100 hp (75 kW) for the R1200GS, compared to 85 hp (63 kW) of the previous oilhead s R1150GS. This challenging engineering work is due to be completed by 2011. These new bikes were principally oil-cooled (hence, called oilheads) and had 4 valves per cylinder. When tides are predicted to rise above 110 centimetres, the pontoons will be filled with air and block the incoming water from the Adriatic sea. BMW updated the traditional R design in 1993. In May 2003, Silvio Berlusconi, the Italian Prime Minister, inaugurated the MOSE project, which will lay a series of 79 inflatable pontoons across the sea bed at the three entrances to the lagoon.

All BMW motorcycles except for the F series (which have a chain or belt drive) use shaft drive, a characteristic of BMW motorcycles since 1923. Some recent studies have suggested that the city is no longer sinking^{[citation needed]}, but this is not yet certain; therefore, a state of alert has not been revoked. BMW motorcycles tend to be relatively large and heavy, and relaxed and comfortable to ride. Thus, many Venetians resorted to moving up to the upper floors and continue with their lives. Combined with a lockable differential, this made the vehicle very capable off-road, an equivalent in many ways to the Jeep. In many old houses the former staircases used by people to unload goods are now flooded, rendering the former ground floor uninhabitable. Unusually, the sidecar's wheel was also driven. However, the city is still threatened by more frequent low-level floods (so-called Acqua alta, "high water") that creep to a height of several centimeters over its quays, regularly following certain tides.

This motorcycle was essentially an 80% interchangeable copy of the ZUndapp KS750, made by BMW to avoid producing the KS750 under licence. This sinking process has slowed markedly since artesian wells were banned in the 1960s. During WWII BMW produced the BMW R75 motorcycle with a sidecar attached. It was realised that extraction of the aquifer was the cause. The R series currently designates machines with a boxer-twin engine, the K series has an I4 engine (1000 and 1200cc) or an I3 (750cc), and the F series has a single cylinder Rotax engine. During the 20th century, when many artesian wells were sunk into the periphery of the lagoon to draw water for local industry, Venice began to subside. Prior to this BMW built the "Flink" 2- stroke and "Helios" motorcycles, as well as supplying M2B15 motors to other companies such as Victoria. This created an ever-deeper lagoon environment.

BMW branded motorcycles were first produced in 1923 and had an unusual "boxer twin" engine, with two air-cooled cylinders protruding from opposite sides of the machine. Six hundred years ago, Venetians protected themselves from land-based attacks by diverting all the major rivers flowing into the lagoon and thus preventing sediment from filling the area around the city. BMW has competed and won many of the most coveted and prestigious races and motoring events. The buildings are often threatened by flood tides pushing in from the Adriatic between autumn and early spring. BMW has been engaged in motorsport activities since the dawn of the first BMW motorcycle. The foundations rest on the piles, and buildings of brick or stone sit above these footings. These "chassis codes" only change to signify a major redesign of a series, or the introduction of a new series. Most of these piles are still intact after centuries of submersion.

Internally, BMW associates an "e-code" for each generation of a series ("E" stands for Entwicklung, German for development or evolution). The buildings of Venice are constructed on closely spaced wood piles (under water, in the absence of oxygen, wood does not decay) which penetrate alternating layers of clay and sand. BMW made many cars over the years which have had great impact on the world of motoring. The city is divided into the six districts of Cannaregio, San Polo, Dorsoduro (including the Giudecca), Santa Croce, San Marco and Castello (including San Pietro di Castello and Sant'Elena). A possible future V Series will offer MPV practicality for large families, similar to the Renault Scenic. The sestieri are the primary traditional divisions of Venice. BMW calls its SUV models Sports Activity Vehicles. Other populations include Bulgarian, Tunisian, Albanian, and Macedonian.

With the advent of the SUV, BMW also added the X5 - and in 2004 the X3 - to their model range to capitalize on this growing market. Istat breaks down the population as:. The M3 and M5 are based respectively on the 3 and 5 Series and are recognised by enthusiasts all over the world as truly excellent sports cars while retaining the practicality of the models they extend. The city is much visited by tourists, of course; but of the permanent population 3.8 % are foreigners as well: from all around the world, and especially from Asia. BMW M GmbH now makes sporty models based on the production cars with very extensive chassis and engine upgrades. The airport is on the mainland and was rebuilt away from the coast so that visitors now need to get a bus to the pier, from which a water taxi or Aliliguna waterbus can be used. As these models started gaining popularity the Motorsport division was split into a separate company. Venice is served by the newly rebuilt Marco Polo International Airport, or Aeroporto di Venezia Marco Polo, named in honor of its famous citizen.

The first such car was the M535i of 1979. The only unmotorized gondolas still in common use by Venetians are the traghetti, foot passenger ferries crossing the Grand Canal at certain points without bridges. Later the M letter was used as a prefix to top-of-the-range models which had received special treatment by the BMW Motorsport division. The city also has many private boats. The M letter was used prior to the shift to Series-named cars to designate special "Motorsport" models, beginning with the M1 supercar. Most Venetians now travel by motorised waterbuses ("vaporetti") which ply regular routes along the major canals and between the city's islands. The company had considered renaming future 2-door derivatives of the 3 Series as 4 Series cars, but this plan has reportedly been shelved. The classical Venetian boat is the gondola, although it is now mostly used for tourists, or for weddings, funerals, or other ceremonies, due to its cost.

Coupe versions of the 3 Series sedans have always been named 3 Series vehicles, as well. Venice is Europe's largest carfree area, unique in Europe in remaining a sizable functioning city in the 21st century entirely without motorcars or trucks. This practice was revived as the Z4 replaced the aging Z3 roadster in 2003 and continues as the new 6 Series augments the existing BMW 5 Series. Beyond these land entrances at the northern edge of the city, transportation within the city remains, as it was in centuries past, entirely on water or on foot. This convention started informally in 1976 with the introduction of the 6 Series and later continued in 1989 with the 8 Series, but died off when the latter was discontinued in 1999. In the 19th century a causeway to the mainland brought a railway station to Venice, and an automobile causeway and parking lot was added in the 20th century. In 2004 BMW announced plans to make odd-numbered models sedans and estates or wagons (BMW calls its estates/wagons Touring models), while even-numbered models will be two-door coupes and cabriolets. In the old center, the canals serve the function of roads, and every form of transport is on water or on foot.

the 3 Series. The islands on which the city is built are connected by about 400 bridges. The current BMW model lineup is split into what they call "Series", traditionally identified by a single digit - e.g. It is built on an archipelago of more than 100 islands (118 in total) formed by about 150 canals in a shallow lagoon. The model, priced around US$330,000, has experienced disappointing sales worldwide. Venice is famous for its canals. The new factory at Goodwood produced the new Rolls-Royce Phantom, unveiled on January 2, 2003, and officially launched at the Detroit Auto Show on January 5, 2003. The Venetian military tradition also was notably cautious; they were more interested in achieving success with a minimum expense of lives and money than in the pursuit of glory.

In the meantime, BMW was faced with the need to build a new factory and develop a new model. A civilian commissioner (not unlike a commissar) accompanied each army to keep an eye on things, especially the mercenaries. Volkswagen was permitted to build Rolls-Royces at its Crewe factory only until 2003, but quickly shifted its emphasis to the Bentley brand. Not only was efficiency not degraded, this policy saved Venice from the military takeovers that other Italian city states so often experienced. Consequently, BMW was allowed to acquire the rights to the grille and mascot, and licensed the name and "RR" logo after 2003 for £40 million. By ancient law, no nobleman could command more than twenty-five men (to prevent against sedition by private armies), and while the position of Captain General was introduced in the mid-14th century, he still had to answer to a civilian panel of twenty "wise men". Rolls-Royce plc (the aero-engine business) retained the rights over the Rolls-Royce trademark and wished to strengthen its existing business partnership with BMW which extended to the BMW Rolls-Royce joint venture. The command structure in the army was different from that in the fleet.

Although Volkswagen had bought rights to the "Spirit of Ecstasy" mascot and the shape of the radiator grille, it lacked rights to the Rolls-Royce name. Throughout the 15th century, Venetian land forces were almost always on the offensive and were regarded as the most effective in Italy, largely because of the tradition of all classes carrying arms in defense of the city and official encouragement of general military training. Volkswagen outbid BMW and bought the company for £430 million, but BMW outflanked its German rival. Later in that century, uniforms were adopted that featured red-and-white stripes, and a system of honors and pensions developed. In 1998, both BMW and Volkswagen tried to purchase Rolls-Royce Motors. In its alliance with Florence in 1426, Venice agreed to supply 8,000 cavalry and 3,000 infantry in time of war, and 3,000 and 1,000 in peacetime. In the early 1990s, BMW and Rolls-Royce Motors began a joint venture that would see the new Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph and Bentley Arnage adopt BMW engines. Early in the 15th century, as new mainland territories were expanded, the first standing army was organized, consisting of condottieri on contract.

BMW has established a joint venture with Chinese manufacturer Brilliance to build BMW 3 Series and 5 Series vehicles for the local market. As in other Italian cities, aristocrats and other wealthy men were cavalrymen while the city's conscripts fought as infantry. Starting from October 2003, BMWs are produced in Shenyang, China. The register of 1338 estimated that 30,000 Venetian men were capable of bearing arms; many of these were skilled crossbowmen. The plant now exports over 50,000 3 Series cars a year, mostly to the USA, Japan, Australia, Africa and the Middle East. In times of emergency, all males between seventeen and sixty years were registered and their weapons were surveyed, with those called to actually fight being organized into companies of twelve. In the mid-1990s, BMW invested R1 billion to make Rosslyn a world-class facility. In the 13th century, most Italian city states already were hiring mercenaries, but Venetian troops were still recruited from the lagoon, plus feudal levies from Dalmatia and Istria.

After a period of local assembly, BMW's Rosslyn, South Africa plant now manufactures cars, with over 70 percent of its output destined for export. Though Venice was famous for its navy, its army was equally effective. It employs about 4,700 people and manufactures over 500 vehicles daily. The company of "Noble Bowmen" was recruited in the later 14th century from among the younger aristocracy and served aboard both war-galleys and armed merchantmen, with the privilege of sharing the captain's cabin. The Spartanburg plant is open six days a week, producing automobiles approximately 110 hours a week. As weapons became more expensive and complex to operate, professional soldiers were assigned to help work merchant sailing ships and as rowers in galleys. Today, the plant manufactures the BMW X5 and BMW Z4 Roadster. By 1303, crossbow practice had become compulsory in the city, with citizens training in groups.

BMW started producing automobiles at its Spartanburg, South Carolina plant in 1994. Rowing skills were encouraged through races and regattas. The first X5 sketches (which highly resembled the production car), were designed by him, and under his tenure the E46 came to be. Debtors generally worked off their obligations rowing the galleys. What is not well known, however is that Bangle was indeed responsible for many 'conservative' BMW designs and has worked at BMW for almost a decade. Those from the city were chosen by lot from each parish, their families being supported by the remainder of the parish while the rowers were away. Despite the controversy, BMW sales have increased year after year, showing the buying public's embrace of the new design philosophy. Galley slaves did not exist in medieval Venice, the oarsmen coming from the city itself or from its possessions, especially Dalmatia.

While Bangle did not pen all of these designs, and has indeed been promoted within the company, some question what long term effect the disaffection of BMW traditionalists for these designs will have on sales, and on the company's future. A reserve of some 25 (later 100) war-galleys was maintained in the Arsenal. These designs, which were much curvier and 'swoopier' -- a design cue called "flame surfacing" by Bangle, did not rest well at all with BMW enthusiasts or the automotive press which referred to the new designs as "Bangled" or "Bangle-ized". The government required each merchant ship to carry a specified number of weapons (mostly crossbows and javelins) and armor; merchant passengers were also expected to be armed and to fight when necessary. In the early part of the 2000s, BMW undertook another of its periodic cycles of redoing the styling design of its various series of vehicles, under the auspices of newly promoted design chief Christopher Bangle. By 1450, more than 3,000 Venetian merchant ships were in operation, and most of these could be converted when necessary into either warships or transports. MINI has been a highly successful business, though the Triumph name has not been used. After 1797, the city fell into a serious decline, with many of the old palaces and other buildings abandoned and falling into disrepair, although the Lido became a popular beach resort in the late 19th century.

BMW retained the Mini and Triumph marques. In 1866, along with the rest of Venetia, Venice became part of Italy. Even the British press was not particularly sympathetic toward Rover. It was taken from Austria by the Treaty of Pressburg in 1805 and became part of Napoleon's Kingdom of Italy, but was returned to Austria following Napoleon's defeat in 1814. BMW itself, protected by its product range's image, was largely spared the blame — even though it was the serious marketing issues that brought Rover down. The Austrians took control of the city on January 18, 1798. The German press ridiculed the English firm as "The English Patient", after a film at the time. Venice became part of the Austrian-held Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia when Napoleon signed the Treaty of Campo Formio on October 12 1797.

In the press, many years of under-investment by Rover before BMW's ownership were mainly blamed for the debacle; productivity and industrial relations were generally good during this period. He removed the gates of the Ghetto and ended the restrictions on when and where Jews could live and travel in the city. In 2000, BMW disposed of Rover after years of losses, with Rover cars going to the Phoenix Venture Holdings for a nominal £10 and Land Rover going to the Ford Motor Company. Napoleon was seen as something of a liberator by the city's Jewish population. BMW was more successful with the Mini and Land Rover brands, which did not have parallels in its own range at the time. The French conqueror brought to an end the most fascinating century of its history: It was during the "Settecento" that Venice became perhaps the most elegant and refined city in Europe, greatly influencing art, architecture, and literature. In the six years under BMW, Rover was positioned as a premium automaker, a mass-market automaker, a division of BMW and an independent unit. After 1070 years, the Republic lost its independence when Napoleon Bonaparte on May 12, 1797, conquered Venice during the First Coalition.

BMW found it difficult to reposition the English automaker alongside its own products and the Rover division was faced with endless changes in its marketing strategy. Venetian ambassadors sent home still-extant secret reports of the politics and rumours of European courts, providing fascinating information to modern historians. For years, Rover tried to rival BMW, if not in product, then in market positioning and "snob appeal". The second, more famous, occasion was on April 27, 1509, by order of Pope Julius II (see League of Cambrai). The venture was not successful. Venice was threatened with the interdict on a number of occasions and twice suffered its imposition. This brought the Rover, Mini, Land Rover and Triumph brands under BMW ownership. This apparent lack of zeal contributed to its frequently coming into conflict with the Papacy.

Between 1994 and 2000, under the leadership of Bernd Pischetsrieder, BMW owned the Rover Group in an attempt to get into mass market production, buying it from British Aerospace. Though the people of Venice generally remained orthodox Roman Catholics, the state of Venice was notable for its freedom from religious fanaticism and it enacted not a single execution for religious heresy during the Counter-Reformation. Other cars, like the 6 Series coupes that replaced the CS and the M1, were also added to the mix as the market demanded. In practice, a number of Doges were forced by pressure from their oligarchical peers to resign the office and retire into monastic seclusion when they were felt to have been discredited by perceived political failure. Thus the three-tier sports sedan range was formed, and BMW essentially followed this formula into the 1990s. The chief executive was the Doge (duke), who, theoretically, held his elective office for life. The New Class coupes were replaced by the 3 Series in 1975, and the New Six became the 7 Series in 1977. War was regarded as a continuation of commerce by other means (hence, the city's early production of large numbers of mercenaries for service elsewhere).

In 1972, the 5 Series was launched to replace the New Class sedans, with a body styled by Marcello Gandini. Venice remained a republic throughout its independent period and politics and the military were kept completely separate. By the 1970s, BMW was commercially successful and in December 1971, moved in to its present HQ in Munich, architecturally modelled after four cylinders. The Cavalieri di San Marco was the only order of chivalry ever instituted in Venice, and no citizen could accept or join a foreign order without the government’s consent. In 1968, BMW launched its large "New Six" sedans, the 2500, 2800, and American Bavaria, and coupés, the 2.5 CS and 2800 CS. Church and various private properties were tied to military service, though there was no knight tenure within the city itself. These models were called the '02' series—the 2002 being the most famous—and began the bloodline that later developed into the BMW 3 Series. The Venetian governmental structure was a mix of Byzantine and Islamic systems, but the social order was entirely feudal.

In 1966, the two-door version of the 1600 was launched, along with a convertible in 1967. Only Venetian ships could efficiently transport the men, supplies, and (especially) war horses. The "New Class" 1500 was developed into 1600 and 1800 models. Mark, symbol of Venice. It was the first BMW to officially feature the "Hofmeister kink", the rear window line that has been the hallmark of all BMWs since then. Considerable plunder was brought back to Venice, including the Winged Lion of St. This modern specification further cemented BMW's reputation for sporting cars. Though the Greeks recovered control of the ravaged city and Empire a half century later, the Byzantine Empire was effectively powerless, and existed as a ghost of it's old self until Mohammad the Conqueror took the city in 1453.

At the Frankfurt show in 1961, BMW launched the 1500, a powerful compact sedan, with front disc brakes and four-wheel independent suspension. Unfortunately, this seizure of Constantinople would ultimately prove to be as much a factor ending the Byzantine Empire as the loss of the Anatolian themes after Manzikert. Competition successes in the 700 began to secure BMW's reputation for sports sedans. Venice became an imperial power following the Fourth Crusade, which (with Venetian aid) seized Constantinople in 1204 and established the Latin Empire; Venice herself carved out a sphere of influence known as the Duchy of the Archipelago. There was also a more powerful RS model for racing. By the standards of the time, Venice's stewardship of its mainland territories was relatively enlightened and the citizens of such towns as Bergamo, Brescia, and Verona rallied to the defence of Venetian sovereignty when it was threatened by invaders. Its bodywork was designed by Giovanni Michelotti and the 2+2 model had a sporty look. In building its maritime commercial empire, the Republic acquired control of most of the islands in the Aegean, including Cyprus and Crete, and became a major power-broker in the Near East.

That same year, BMW launched the 700, a small car with an air-cooled, rear-mounted 697 cc boxer engine from the R67 motorcycle. Later mainland possessions, which extended across Lake Garda as far west as the Adda River, were known as "Terraferma", and were acquired partly as a buffer against belligerent neighbors, partly to guarantee Alpine trade routes, and partly to ensure the supply of mainland wheat, on which the city depended. Instead Quandt increased his share in BMW to 50% against the advice of his bankers, and he was instrumental in turning the company around. The Doge already carried the titles of Duke of Dalmatia and Duke of Istria. Major shareholder, Herbert Quandt was close to agreeing such a deal, but changed his mind at the last minute because of opposition from the workforce and trade unions and advice from the board chairman, Kurt Golda. The Republic of Venice seized the eastern shores of the Adriatic before 1200, mostly for commercial reasons, because pirates based there were a menace to trade. In 1959 BMW's management suggested selling the whole concern to Daimler-Benz. In the 12th century the essentials for the power of Venice were laid: the Venetian Arsenal was under construction in 1104; Venice wrested control of the Brenner pass from Verona in 1178, opening a lifeline to silver from Germany; the last autocratic doge, Vitale Michiele, died in 1172.

By the late 1950s, it was making bubble cars such as the Isetta. Its strategic position at head of the Adriatic made Venetian naval and commercial power almost invulnerable; and the city gave her name to the surrounding region, Venetia. In 1952, BMW produced its first passenger car since the war, but its attempts to get into the premium sector were not commercially successful; models such as the acclaimed BMW 507 were too expensive to build profitably and were low volume. Venice was a city state (an Italian thalassocracy or Repubblica Marinara, the other three being Genoa, Pisa, and Amalfi). These plans, which became official war reparations, along with BMW engineer Fritz Fiedler allowed the newly formed Bristol Cars to produce a new, high-quality sports saloon (sedan), the 400 by 1947, a car so similar to the BMW 327 that it even kept the famous BMW grille. As the community continued to develop and as Byzantine power waned, an increasingly anti-Eastern character emerged, leading to the growth of autonomy and eventual independence under the rulership of elected doges. In the west, representatives from the Bristol Aeroplane Company inspected the factory, and returned to Britain with plans for the 326, 327 and 328 models. In the mid-8th century, the Venetians resisted the empire-building efforts of Pepin III and remained subject to the Byzantine Empire, at least theoretically.

Production continued until 1955. The city was founded as a result of the influx of refugees into the marshes of the Po estuary following the invasion of northern Italy by the Lombards in 568. That company produced cars called "BMW" until in 1951 the Bavarian company prevented use of the trademarks — the BMW name, the logo and the "double-kidney" radiator grille — the cars being then rebranded EMW. . In the east, the company's factory at Eisenach was taken over by the soviet Awtowelo group which finally formed Eisenacher Motor-Werke. The Venetian Republic was a major sea power and a staging area for the Crusades, as well as a very important centre of commerce (especially the spice trade) and art in the Renaissance. BMW was banned from manufacturing for three years by the Allies and did not produce a car model until 1952. [1].

After the war the Munich factory took some time to restart production in any volume. The population estimate of 272,000 inhabitants includes the population of the whole Comune of Venezia; the historic city of Venice (Centro storico) inhabitants are nearly 62,000, while approximately 176,000 people live in Terraferma (literal dry land, it means the extra-lagoon areas) and 31,000 live in other islands of the lagoon. The factory in Munich was largely destroyed. The saltwater lagoon stretches along the shoreline between the mouths of the Po (south) and the Piave (north) Rivers. Of its sites, those in eastern Germany (Eisenach-Dürrerhof, Wandlitz-Basdorf and Zühlsdorf) were seized by the Soviets. The city stretches across numerous small islands in the marshy Venetian Lagoon along the Adriatic Sea in northeast Italy. The BMW works were heavily bombed towards the end of the war. The city is included, with Padua (Padova), in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area, population 1,600,000.

BMW has admitted to using between 25,000 and 30,000 slave labourers during this period, consisting of both inmates of infamous concentration camps such as Dachau and prisoners of war. Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venexia), the "city of canals", is the capital of the region of Veneto and of the province of Venice, 45°26′N 12°19′E, population 271,663 (census estimate January 1, 2004). BMW also researched jet engines, producing the BMW 003, and rocket-based weapons. "Venezuela" means "little Venice". Over 30,000 were manufactured up to 1945. arsenal, ciao, ghetto, gondola, lagoon, lido, Montenegro. Planes used the aero-engines included the 801, one of the most powerful available. Veronica Franco (1546-1591), poet and courtesan during the Renaissance.

BMW was also a major supplier of engines to the Luftwaffe and of engines and vehicles, especially motorcycles, to the Wehrmacht. Titian (1477–1576), painter. BMW motorcycles, specifically the BMW R 12 and the BMW R 75 combination were used extensively by the Reconnaissance formations of German panzer and motorised divisions of the Heer, Waffen SS and Luftwaffe. Venice and its lagoon are listed as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. The pre-war cars culminated in the 327 saloon and 328 roadster, fast 2.0 L cars, both very advanced for their time. Venice is also famous world-wide for its unique carnival (1). By 1933 BMW were producing cars that could be called truly theirs, offering steadily more advanced I6 sports and saloons (sedans). Mark the Evangelist.

BMW bought the Dixi Company the following year, and this became the company's first car, the BMW 3/15. The city's patron is St. In 1927 the tiny Dixi, an Austin Seven produced under licence, began production in Eisenach. Casanova (2005 film loosely based on the life of Giacomo Casanova). This had a 500 cc air-cooled horizontally-opposed engine, a feature that would resonate among their various models for decades to come, albeit with displacement increases and newer technology. The Italian Job (in its 2003 remake incarnation). In 1923 BMW built their first model motorcycle, the R32. Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989 film).

In 1919 BMW designed their first motorcycle engine to be used in a model called the Victoria which was built by a company in Nuremburg. Nicolas Roeg's 1973 film Don't Look Now, based on a story by Daphne du Maurier. Otto closed his factory and BMW switched to manufacturing railway brakes. From Russia with Love, a James Bond novel and film. After World War I, the Treaty of Versailles (1919) prohibited the production of aircraft in Germany. Morgenstern. Over-expansion caused difficulties; Rapp left and the company was taken over by the Austrian industrialist Franz Josef Popp in 1917, and named BMW AG in 1918. The Silent Gondoliers a fable told by William Goldman's S.

Needing extra financing, Rapp gained the support of Camillo Castiglioni and Max Friz, the company was reconstituted as the Bayerische Motoren Werke GmbH. Orhan Pamuk's short stories "Batsin Bu Dünya" (1983) and "Emrah Gülle Gel de Gülme" (1983). In 1916 the company secured a contract to build V12 engines for Austria-Hungary. Death in Venice, a 1912 novel by Thomas Mann. The blue-and-white circular logo BMW still uses (illustrated above right) alludes to the blue and white checkered flag of Bavaria and also indicates a spinning white propeller on a blue-sky background. Friedrich Schiller's Der Geisterseher (The Ghost-Seer). The Milbertshofen district of Munich location was chosen because it was close to the Gustav Otto Flugmaschinenfabrik site, a German aircraft manufacturer. William Shakespeare's Othello and The Merchant of Venice.

BMW was founded by Karl Friedrich Rapp in October 1913, originally as an aircraft engine manufacturer, Bayerische Flugzeug-Werke. Giudecca. . Vignole. BMW's main competitors include Alfa Romeo, Audi, Cadillac, Infiniti, Jaguar, Lexus and Mercedes-Benz. Torcello. The company's taglines in English are "The Ultimate Driving Machine" and "Sheer Driving Pleasure." The original German slogan is "Freude am Fahren," which translates to "Joy in Driving" in English. San Lazzaro degli Armeni.

Jamaica), BMW cars are referred to as "bimmers," ^[1]while BMW motorcycles are called "beemers". Sant'Erasmo. In German, the acronym BMW is pronounced "bay emm vay." In North America and some other regions (i.e. San Michele. BMW is the parent company of the BMW MINI and Rolls-Royce car brands, and, formerly, Rover. Murano. BMW AG (an abbreviation for Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, or in English, Bavarian Motor Works), is a German company and manufacturer of automobiles and motorcycles. Lido.

Bring mich Werkstatt - Roughly translates: Get me to a workshop. Burano. Bayerische Mistwagen - Roughly translates: Crappy Bavarian car. Islands: