Blink-182

However, there are rumors of the letter 'H' being on Blink-182's 2003 untitled album.See Image. There are now estimated to be more than a million Rastafarians throughout the world. Mark Hoppus stated that the covers with A through F were just a coincidence, but they intentionally added the G on the TOYPAJ cd. Bob Marley, a convert to the faith, spread the message of Rastafari to the world. The band continued this with the greatest hits CD (the letter I in the word blink). This Back to Africa movement believes that Haile Selassie of Ethiopia is God incarnate, the returned black messiah, come to take the lost Twelve Tribes of Israel back to live with him in Holy Mount Zion in a world of perfect peace, love and harmony. The cover art of Flyswatter is an A, the starting letters of Buddha, Cheshire Cat, Dude Ranch and Enema of the State follow the alphabet, on the drum kit on the cover art of The Mark, Tom, and Travis Show: The Enema Strikes Back you can see an F on the bass drum, and on the jacket pocket of the green version of Take off Your Pants and Jacket is a G. The Rastafarian religion was founded in, and is associated with, Jamaica.

Up to the untitled album of 2003 all albums were running in alphabetical order. Bob Marley, perhaps the best known reggae musician, was born in Jamaica, and is very well respected there. Their very first podcast introduced Angels and Airwaves to the world, featuring music, an interview with the band's members, and a preview to the movie. The musical genres reggae, ska, rocksteady, dub, and, more recently, dancehall, ragga, and ragga jungle all originated in Jamaica. Following in Mark's footsteps, Macbeth Footwear soon created a podcast. Though a small nation, Jamaica is rich in culture, and has a strong global presence. Mark even won the "Best Podcast" award for 2005. Main articles: Culture of Jamaica, Music of Jamaica.

Every two weeks Mark plays songs from underground artists, interviews some of his favourite bands, and informs the listeners about happenings in his life. Jamaica is divided into 3 counties and 14 parishes:. Since the hiatus of blink-182, Mark Hoppus has set up his very own podcast called "Hi, My Name Is Mark" (www.himynameismark.com). Main article: Parishes of Jamaica. For full discography, see blink-182 discography.. This move has not garnered support in either organisation nor among the majority of citizens. Tom claimed that the last words said by his band mates were "If your family is going to be your priority, then you better be cool with the repercussions.". In early 2005, an opposition leader, Edward Seaga, called for the merger of the JDF and JCF.

To retaliate he created Plus 44. There has been vocal controversy as well as support of this JDF role. Mark, reportedly, heard only half the story and became very upset. JDF units actively conduct armed patrols with the JCF in high-crime areas and known gang neighbourhoods. Geffen Records immediately offered Tom a solo album, but he declined. In recent years the JDF has been called upon to assist the nation's police, the Jamaican Constabulary Force (JCF) in fighting drug smuggling and a rising crime rate which includes one of the highest murder rates in the world. At the end of their European tour in 2005, Tom wanted to return home to be with his family. The Headquarters JDF contains the JDF commander, command staff as well as intelligence, judge advocate office, administrative and procurement sections.

While on tour, Tom had an epiphany and knew he was destined to do something great in his life. The 1st Engineer Regiment provides military engineering support to the JDF. It was stated that the side project Box Car Racer created a rift between Tom and Mark. The support battalion contains a Military Police platoon as well as vehicle, armourers and supply units. In an interview with Kerrang! Tom discussed blink-182's hiatus. It conducts maritime safety and maritime law enforcement as well as defence-related operations. Many credit the growing tensions between Tom Delonge and Mark Hoppus as the reason for the "indefinite hiatus". The Coast Guard element is divided between sea-going crews and support crews.

The album immediately climbed to the top of the chart and reached #6 on the United States top selling records. The JDF Air Wing is divided into three flight units, a training unit, a support unit and the JDF Air Wing (National Reserve). From Cheshire Cat to the untitled album, the album chronologically holds the band, most famous, and most important songs in their career, including the two previously unreleased tracks "Not Now" (from the European version of the untitled album) and "Another Girl Another Planet" (a cover song originally by The Only Ones, recorded for its use as the theme song to reality show Meet the Barkers). The infantry regiment contains the 1st, 2nd and 3rd (National Reserve) battalions. In the wake of the hiatus, Geffen Records released blink-182's "Greatest Hits". The Jamaica Defence Force (JDF) comprises an infantry Regiment and Reserve Corps, an Air Wing, a Coast Guard fleet and a supporting Engineering Unit. Kerrang! soon printed an article that confirmed worried fans' fears, but Tom denounced it on his "In-studio journal on MacBeth, and told no one to trust any article unless it came straight from the band members' mouths. The dissolution of the Federation resulted in the establishment of the JDF.

Fans soon began to say there was a fight that separated Tom and Mark. The West Indies Regiment was reformed in 1958 as part of the West Indies Federation. The only band member to speak up right away was Travis, but he soon stated that he was not the only person in the band and there were two other people reporters could question. Other units in the JDF heritage include the early colonial Jamaica Militia, the Kingston Infantry Volunteers of WWI and reorganised into the Jamaican Infantry Volunteers in WWII. Rumors soon began to swirl about the band breaking up. The West Indies Regiment was used extensively by the British Empire in policing the empire from 1795 to 1926. Fans were distraught and the announcement was soon removed from the band's official site. The JDF is directly descended from the British West Indies Regiment formed during the colonial era.

On February 22, 2005, many fans were shocked when blink-182 announced they were going on an "indefinite hiatus". Additional military schools are available for specialty training in Canada, the U.S., and Britain. blink-182 were now on a pedestal next to Green Day overlooking the genre they helped to create despite the album's lack of commercial success. As on the British model, NCOs are given several levels of professional training as they rise up the ranks. In many ways it also helped blink-182 break away from the common pop punk genre, dismissing predictable similarities that could be seen from band to band. Enlisted soldiers are given basic training at JDF Training Depot, Newcastle. A tour with No Doubt in the summer of 2004 was very successful. Once chosen, officer candidates are sent to one of several British or Canadian basic officer courses depending upon which arm of service they are slated for.

The lyrical content of their songs is often humorous and uplifting. The JDF is based upon the British military model with organisation, training, weapons and traditions closely aligned with Commonwealth Realm Countries. Listeners called the riffs heavier and the lyrics more profound. The Jamaican Defence Force (JDF) is the small but professional military force of Jamaica. Critics have deemed their sound similar to that of The Police and U2, although members of the band claim they took most of their influence from The Cure, whose front man Robert Smith had appeared on "All of This". Tertiary - Community Colleges, Teachers’Colleges, Vocational Training Centres, Colleges and Universities. It showcased a style of music deeper than anything blink-182 had done previously, but still got a good deal of play on pop stations and MTV. Age cohort 11 – 18 years.

Travis Barker has confirmed that the band left the album untitled (rather than self-titled) to represent a new blink-182. Secondary – Publicly and privately owned. Described as a self-meditation on romantic decay, the album featured the hit singles "Feeling This" (previously named "Action"), "I Miss You", "Down", and the 1980s-influenced "Always". Age cohort 4 – 11 years. After taking some time off in 2002, following the record tour, the band released their fifth blink-182 (album) on November 18, 2003. Primary – Publicly and privately owned (Privately owned being called Preparatory Schools (Prep). Travis recently just welcomed a second child Alabama Lorella was born on Christmas Eve 2005 at 12:22 at 7 pounds and 1 ounce.Shanna is very happy and doing very well. Age cohort – 2 – 4 years.

The Transplants are now a major punk-rock act and even toured on the Warped Tour. Early Childhood – Basic, Infant and privately operated pre- school. Despite this fact, the song is now feature on the Garnier Fructis commercial. Presently the following categories of schools exist:. But their second single was soon banned from the airwaves due to explicit lyrics. This was the genesis of the stratified system of education that is still currently embedded in the policies of the 21st Century. The fist single of the album was "DJ DJ", followed up by the wildly successful "Diamonds and Guns". Most of these schools were established by the churches.

Soon the Transplants debuted their first CD entitled "Transplants" on Tim's record label Hellcat Records. After emancipation the West Indian Commission granted a sum of money to establish Elementary Schools, now known as All Age Schools, for the children of the freed slaves. Having already known Travis from Box Car Racer, Tim immediately asked Travis to assist in the side project. Others sent their children off to England to access quality education. It did not take long to realize that their punk rock fusion with rap had something special, but they really wanted to seal the deal. Prior to emancipation there were some elite schools for the plantocracy. This band started as Tim Armstrong (Rancid and Operation Ivy) and Skinhead Rob just messing around in Tim's basement recording studio. The emancipation of the slaves heralded in the establishment of Jamaican Education System for the masses.

After Box Car Racer, Travis decided to do a second side-project known as The Transplants. The largest and most famous and vibrant Jamaican community in the world is probably Brixton in South London. However, according to recent interviews with Tom, Box Car Racer project caused much friction between him and Mark, which was one of the main reasons the band abruptly broke-up in 2005. Concentrations of expatriate Jamaicans are large in the South Florida metro area of Miami/Fort Lauderdale, Atlanta, Philadelphia, New York City, Los Angeles in the United States; Toronto in Canada, centred mostly in the borough of Scarborough, Ontario; London, as well as the area of Chapeltown in Leeds, in the United Kingdom. The record included guest singers Tim Armstrong (Rancid, Operation Ivy, Transplants) on "Cat Like Thief" and Mark Hoppus (blink-182). Due to Commonwealth law and Jamaica's history with Britain, most Jamaicans that emigrate go to the United Kingdom, where laws are lax on ex-Commonwealth country citizens gaining full British Nationality. The first single of the self-titled album was "I Feel So", followed up by "There Is". This emigration appears to have been tapering off somewhat in recent years, however the great number of Jamaicans living abroad has become known as the "Jamaican diaspora".

The name of the band comes from the name of the airplane Bockscar, which dropped the second atomic bomb, Little Boy, on Japan. Over the past several decades, hundreds of thousands of Jamaicans have emigrated, especially to the United States but also to Canada and the United Kingdom. Instead of creating two separate bands the friends decided to fuse the two ideas together to create Box Car Racer. Islam and Judaism number less than half a per cent combined. Tom wanted to create an acoustic-emo sort of project, while Travis wanted to create a hard-core punk band like Fugazi. Hinduism, and Buddhism are significant and growing due to immigration from India and China. One of the first side-projects involving the members of Blink-182 was Box Car Racer, in which Tom and Travis functioned as band members and songwriters. Non-Christian religions are numerous, the largest being Rastafari, which is very strongly related to Christianity.

Both bands explored other musical styles. The top 5 denominations in Jamaica are: Church of God: 21.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist: 9.0%, Baptist: 8.8%, Pentecostal: 7.6%, and Anglican: 5.0%. while Tom and Travis were involved in a side-project called Box Car Racer , in addition to this, Travis worked on The Transplants. Roman Catholicism also enjoys a significant presence on the island. During this time the members of the band took different paths, Mark passed more time with his newborn son Jack, but Tom and Travis had other ideas. According to adherants.com, 80.0% of Jamaica's 2.7 million people are Christian – the vast majority of them from various Protestant denominations, which is evident of Jamaica's Anglo past. After touring for the promotion of the widely successful Take Off Your Pants and Jacket, the band decided to take a break from the pop-punk world. There are also small numbers of people that speak Hindi, Chinese, Hebrew, Arabic and Spanish.

After that month they only sold "Take Off Your Pants and Jacket: without any bonus tracks and with all three logos on the actual CD itself. The language of government and education is English, although the patois form Jamaican Creole is widely spoken. Those bonus tracks were only out for a limited time, about a month or so. Those who are East Indian, Chinese, European (chiefly British, and Irish), and Christian Syrian and Lebanese make up a smaller but influential number. Since there were only two bonus tracks on each of the three versions, some long term fans wanted every one. People of mixed Chinese, East Indian, and Black and white ancestry make up the second largest group. The tracks were "Fuck a Dog", "Mothers Day" and "When You Fucked Grandpa", three joke songs, and the serious were "Time to Break Up", "Don't Tell Me That It's Over" and "What Went Wrong". The majority of Jamaicans, at least 90%, are of primarily black and white mixed ancestry.

Each version had two different bonus tracks. These Tainos (sub-Arawaks) were known for archery and have left many remnants of their culture in artifacts and in at least one popular food (bammy- a small flat cake made of grated cassava). The actual CD had pictures of a red plane, yellow pants, or a green jacket. Jamaica is mainly a blend of African and Anglo-Irish cultures, with influences from the Spanish and Taino cultures, although the Tainos as a people were completely wiped out as an identifiable community by the Spanish between their settlement of the island in 1511 and the English conquest of 1655. There were three versions, "Take off," "Pants," and "Jacket," each of which indicated by a different sticker on the CD. Main article: Demographics of Jamaica.
When the CD first came out, there were several versions with different bonus tracks. Growth in tourist arrivals accelerated in the third quarter of 1998 and tourism earnings, increased 8.5% from January to December 31, 1998 compared to the corresponding period in 1997.

In 2001, blink-182 appeared on the cover of CosmoGirl, and won a Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award. Tourism, which is the largest foreign exchange earner, showed improvement as well. 2001 saw blink-182 continue their commercial success, recording Take off Your Pants and Jacket (the strange title was a punning reference to masturbation), which followed the same basic formula of "Enema of the State". January's bauxite production recorded a 7.1% increase relative to January 1998. The album also includes one new song, "Man Overboard," as well as a few joke songs. Bauxite and alumina production increased 5.5% from January to December, 1998 compared to the corresponding period in 1997. Thee songs are from thy group's first threee albums: Cheshire Cat, Dude Ranch, and Enema of the State. Agricultural production, an important engine of growth increased 15.3% in third quarter of 1998 compared to the corresponding period in 1997, signaling the first positive growth rate in the sector since January 1997.

It is no longer in print, and it is sought after by collectors. Recent economic performance shows the Jamaican economy is recovering. blink-182's only live album, The Mark, Tom, and Travis Show: The Enema Strikes Back was released in 2000. The economy in 1997 was marked by low levels of import growth, high levels of private capital inflows and relative stability in the foreign exchange market. Many original fans felt that the band had strayed from their punk rock roots. In 1997, nominal GDP was approximately J$220,556.2 million (US$6,198.9 million based on the average annual exchange rate of the period). The sound on Enema of the State was rooted in the same genre as earlier punk-rock bands such as NOFX, Green Day, and The Offspring, but it was more accessible to the mainstream, with a punky-feel. The decrease in GDP in 1996 and 1997 was largely due to significant problems in the financial sector and, in 1997, a severe island-wide drought (the worst in 70 years) that drastically reduced agricultural production.

They sold seven and a half million copies of the album worldwide, which made it their best-selling album up to that point. After a period of steady growth from 1985 to 1995, real GDP decreased by 1.8% and 2.4% in 1996 and 1997, respectively. This was largely due to the commercial success of the songs "What's My Age Again?",which was a song dedicated to the group's very close friend Matthew Purcell, "Adam's Song", and "All the Small Things"; and particularly to the infamous music video for "What's My Age Again" which featured the band streaking. The Government remains committed to lowering inflation, with a long-term objective of bringing it in line with that of its major trading partners. The CD was successful, propelling the band to pop punk fame, and gaining a large amount of airtime on MTV and Total Request Live (TRL). inflation for FY1998/99 was 6.2% compared to 7.2% in the corresponding period in FY1997/98. On the album the band hired notorious Rancid and The Offspring producer Jerry Finn, who had produced every album since. The annual inflation rate has decreased from a high of 80.2% in 1991 to 7.9% in 1998.

In 1999 the album Enema of the State was released. The macroeconomic stabilization program introduced in 1991, which focused on tight fiscal and monetary policies, has contributed to a controlled reduction in the rate of inflation. Although Mark has stated, on the radio show "Loveline", that the song had nothing to do with the break up between them. During this period, a large share of the economy was returned to private sector ownership through divestment and privatization programs. It is widely believed that the single "Man Overboard" on the band's live album speaks directly to Raynor's rift with Mark and Tom. Emphasis has been placed on maintaining strict fiscal discipline, greater openness to trade and financial flows, market liberalization and reduction in the size of government. He was replaced by Travis Barker, who had been playing with support band The Aquabats. Since 1991, the Government has followed a program of economic liberalization and stabilization by removing exchange controls, floating the exchange rate, cutting tariffs, stabilizing the Jamaican currency, reducing inflation and removing restrictions on foreign investment.

tour. Supported by multilateral financial institutions, Jamaica has, since the early 1980's, sought to implement structural reforms aimed at fostering private sector activity and increasing the role of market forces in resource allocation. Whatever the explanation, he left midway through a U.S. Tourism and mining are the leading foreign exchange earners. Raynor claims he agreed to go into drug rehab, but the rest of the band kicked him out over the phone because they didn't believe that he would do it. Major sectors of the Jamaican economy include agriculture, mining, manufacturing, tourism and financial and insurance services. Raynor, who had a serious drinking problem at the time, was reportedly asked to leave the band and go into rehab, although there are also reports that he decided to leave to go to college. Jamaica operates as a mixed, free-market economy with state enterprises as well as private sector businesses.

In 1998, the band met a slight setback. Main article: Economy of Jamaica. airplay charts. Some regions on the south coast, such as the Liguanea Plain and the Pedro Plains are relatively dry rain-shadow areas. The album was a hit, and two singles from it ("Josie" and "Dammit") rose to the top of the U.S. The climate in Jamaica is tropical, with hot and humid weather, although inland regions have a more temperate climate. After moving to Encinitas, California, the band recorded the album Dude Ranch with producer Mark Trombino. A live webcam atop the Gleaner Newspaper building on 7 North Street in Kingston is available.

During the pop punk boom of the 1990s, blink-182 were signed by MCA which later became Geffen Records which they stayed with. More satellite maps which allow zoom in and zoom out are available from Google's map server. radio codeword meaning 'homicide' (apparently confusing "182", the radio codeword for conspiracy, for "187"). Chief towns include the capital Kingston, Spanish Town, Mandeville, and Montego Bay. In one interview, Travis stated that the "182" was the U.S. For this reason, most major cities are located on the coast. Although there are rumours as to why these numbers were chosen (for example, that it is the number of times Al Pacino utters the word "fuck" in Scarface, that they represent Hoppus' ideal weight, or the position in the alphabet of the letters R and B, referring to the northern San Diego suburb of Rancho Bernardo, making the meaning blink [possibly, fuck] RB.), all the band members but one have made it clear that the numbers were picked at random. The island of Jamaica has mountainous inlands surrounded by a narrow coastal plain.

In order to avoid a lengthy lawsuit, blink added the numbers 182 to the end of their name. Main article: Geography of Jamaica. Shortly after the release of Cheshire Cat, blink was threatened with legal action by a techno band in Ireland of the same name. Jamaica is a full and participating member of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). The album contained many new versions of songs that had appeared on the Buddha demo. Jamaica has traditionally had a two party system, with power often alternating between the People's National Party and Jamaica Labour Party. In early 1994, blink released their first full-length album, Cheshire Cat, released on Grilled Cheese Records. Jamaica's constitution requires the Prime Minister to call the next general election by October 2007.

Around 1,000 copies of this were produced by Kung Fu Records. Patterson has been re-elected three times, the last being in 2002. Before the end of the year, the band released another demo tape known as Buddha. The current leader of the opposition is Bruce Golding. In an interview, Hoppus said that around eighty copies had originally been produced. Patterson who has held office since the 1992 resignation of Michael Manley. In May of 1993, blink releases a demo tape known as Flyswatter, recorded using a boom box in Raynor's bedroom resulting in poor sound quality. J.

. The current Prime Minister of Jamaica is P. Although the band is labelled as Blink 182 on albums prior to Raynor's departure, the specific syntax for the band's current name is blink-182, as opposed to Blink-182 or their former name, blink. The numbers 182 were added to the band's name to prevent a copyright conflict with an Irish pop/rock group that calls itself "Blink". Senators are appointed by the Prime Minister, and the parliamentary Leader of the Opposition. The lyrical content of their songs, especially prior to their last album, is often humorous and uplifting. Members of the House (known as 'Members of Parliament' or MPs) are directly elected, and the leader of the majority party in the House becomes the Prime Minister. Known as a band that plays up-tempo songs with prominent major-chord harmonies, often digitally mixed, to provide a much cleaner sound than typical punk/rock recordings generally employing distortion and ragged analogue mixes to achieve the opposite effect. The Jamaican Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

The group is known for playing catchy melodies, as well as their satirical toilet humour. Both the Queen and the Governor-General serve largely ceremonial roles. The members of the band were Tom DeLonge, Mark Hoppus, and drummer Travis Barker. The Queen is represented by a Governor-General, nominated by the Prime Minister and appointed by the monarch. blink-182 was a Southern-Californian punk rock band that was formed in 1992 by Tom DeLonge, Mark Hoppus, and Scott Raynor in the northern San Diego suburb of Poway, California. The Jamaican head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who is given the title of "Queen of Jamaica".
. It came into force with the Jamaica Independence Act, 1962 of the United Kingdom Parliament, which gave Jamaica political independence.

Resting Bird Entertainment (Co-owned by Mark and Tom). Jamaica's current Constitution was drafted in 1962 by a bipartisan joint committee of the Jamaican legislature. Wahoo's Fish Tacos (one store in Northern California owned by Travis). Main article: Politics of Jamaica. La Salle Records (Owned by Travis). Catherine parish, the site of the old Spanish colonial capital and the English capital during the 18th and 19th century. Famous Stars and Straps Apparel Store (Owned by Travis). Former capitals of Jamaica include Port Royal, where the pirate Governor Morgan held sway, and which was destroyed by a storm and earthquake, and Spanish Town, in St.

(Co-owned by Mark and Tom). It must be noted however that the rural sections of the island, especially in and around the resort towns of Negril, Montego Bay and Ocho Rios, remain quite safe. Macbeth Shoe Co. The Jamaican police force has also been accused of complicity in this murderous side of the island. Loserkids (Apparel Store). The ultimate result of this cycle of violence, drugs and poverty has been the brutal gun warfare seen on Kingston's streets from the mid-1990s onwards. Atticus Clothing (Co-owned by Mark and Tom). This policy, along with the increasing emergence of Jamaica as a smuggling point for cocaine during the 1980s, led to recurrent violence and only served to increase the impoverishment of a large section of the Jamaican populace.

Angels and Airwaves (Tom). Both political parties became linked with rival gangs in Kingston which were duly armed. Plus 44 (Mark and Travis). Deteriorating economic conditions led to a desperately fraught re-election campaign between Manley's People's National Party and the main opposition, the Jamaican Labour Party. The Transplants (Travis). Rising foreign debt under the government of Michael Manley, who was determined to alleviate Jamaica's severe economic inequality, led to the imposition of IMF austerity measures. Box Car Racer (now defunct) (Tom and Travis). However, the initial optimism following Jamaican independence for the next decade or so vanished as Jamaica became a victim of the international economic system.

Travis Barker appeared on the Boost Mobile (Where You At?) commercial in 2005. Jamaica attained full independence by leaving the federations in 1962. Their birthdays are: Mark, March 15, 1972; Tom, December 13, 1975; Travis, November 14, 1975; Scott, May 23, 1978. Jamaica slowly gained increasing independence from the United Kingdom, and in 1958 Jamaica became a province in the Federation of the West Indies, a federation between all the British West Indies. He was about 13 years old in 1992 when the band formed. Following a series of rebellions, slavery was formally abolished in 1834, with full emancipation from chattel slavery declared in 1838. Scott Raynor is the youngest member of the band. By the beginning of the 19th century, Britain's heavy reliance on slavery resulted in blacks outnumbering whites by a ratio of almost 20 to one, leading to constant threat of revolt.

Tom Delonge was #15 on Cosmogirl's top fifty hottest rockers. During its first 200 years of British rule, Jamaica became the world's largest sugar exporting nation and produced over 77,000 tons of sugar annually between 1820 - 1824, which was achieved through the massive use of imported African slave labor. It is apparantly an homage to "real punk rock" according to Travis. The English Admiral William Penn (father of William Penn of Pennsylvania) and General Venables seized the island in 1655. The cover of Blink-182's Greatest Hits looks similar to The Offspring's Greatest Hits' cover. Columbus used it as his family's private estate. He was incorrectly credited as Scott Raynor.). Jamaica was claimed for Spain after Christopher Columbus first landed there in 1494.

(Travis was not credited, although he does appear on screen. Although some claim they became virtually extinct following contact with Europeans, another group claim that some survived. Tom DeLonge, Mark Hoppus, and Travis Barker made up the "garage band" in the "Nadia strips on the net" scene from the movie "American Pie (movie)". The original Arawak or Taino people from South America, first settled on the island between 1000 and 400 BC. Tom DeLonge appeared in the film Idle Hands as a fast-food worker; he only had one line. Main article: History of Jamaica. Travis Barker currently co-stars in a new MTV reality television show, Meet the Barkers, with his wife, Shanna Moakler. .

(Untitled) (2003). It is the third most populous Anglophone country in the Americas, after the United States and Canada. Take Off Your Pants and Jacket (2001). Its indigenous Arawakan-speaking Taíno inhabitants named the island Xaymaca, meaning either the "land of springs," or the "Land of wood and water." Formerly a Spanish possession known as Santiago, then the British West Indies Crown colony of Jamaica, the country's population is composed mainly of the descendants of former African slaves. Enema of the State (1999). It is 630 kilometers from the Central American mainland, 150 kilometers from Cuba on the north, and 180 kilometers from the island of Hispaniola, on which Haiti and the Dominican Republic are situated, on the east. Dude Ranch (1997). Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, 240 kilometers in length and as much as 80 kilometers in width situated in the Caribbean Sea.

Cheshire Cat (1994).
- Date.
2,695,867 (July 2003)
245/km².
 - Total
 - Density. Transportation in Jamaica.

Technology in Jamaica. Public Holidays in Jamaica. Military of Jamaica. Marcus Garvey.

List of Jamaicans. Jamaican Posses. Geography of Jamaica. Foreign relations of Jamaica.

Communications in Jamaica. Bob Marley. National Motto - "Out of Many, One People." (Unity among many cultures and races.). National Dish - Ackee and Saltfish (dried salted Cod).

National Tree - Blue Mahoe (Hibiscus elatus). National Flower - Lignum vitae (Guaiacum officinale). National Bird - Doctor bird (Green-and-black Streamertail, Trochilus polytmus). Westmoreland.

Trelawny. Saint James. Saint Elizabeth. Hanover.

Cornwall (county) in the west, containing the parishes of: