Influenzavirus A

Such a subtype could cause a global pandemic similar to the Spanish Flu that killed up to 50 million people in 1918.
. If a human infected with influenzavirus also acquires H5N1, a mutant strain of bird flu that can be transmitted from human to human could form. "Socialistic" in nature, IKEA attempts to elevate public taste by providing quality goods at affordable prices. It is feared that if a strain of avian influenza virus to which humans have not been previously exposed undergoes antigenic shift to the point where it can cross the species barrier from birds to humans, the new subtype created could be both highly contagious and highly lethal in humans. As pointed out by circuit lecturer Will Novosedlik, IKEA embodies the principles of design reform begun by William Morris and John Ruskin. Avian influenzavirus H5 and H7 strains are found in both "low pathogenic” or “high pathogenic” forms; influenza H9 virus has been identified only in a “low pathogenic” form. IKEA was named one of the 100 Best Companies for Working Mothers in 2004 by Working Mothers magazine.

In addition, avian influenza viruses may fall into one of 2 pathotypes: low (LPAI) and high (HPAI) pathogenicity, based on their virulence in poultry populations. Some criticisms of IKEA:. There are 16 H types, each with up to 9 N subtypes, yielding a potential for 144 different H and N combinations. Another reason could be to make it difficult to acquire IKEA. Influenzavirus type A is subdivided into subtypes based on hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) protein spikes from the central virus core. This complicated structure is seen by some as an attempt to avoid Sweden's high taxation at the time. All avian influenza (AI) viruses are type A influenza virus in the virus family of Orthomyxoviridae and all known strains of influenza A virus infect birds. INGKA Holding BV is wholly owned by Stichting INGKA Foundation, which is a foundation registered in the Netherlands.

The avian influenza subtypes that have been confirmed in humans, ordered by the number of known human deaths, are: H1N1 caused "Spanish Flu", H2N2 caused "Asian Flu", H3N2 caused "Hong Kong Flu", H5N1 is the current pandemic threat, H7N7 has unusual zoonotic potential, H1N2 is currently endemic in humans and pigs, H9N2, H7N2, H7N3, H10N7. INGKA Holding BV is the ultimate parent company for all IKEA Group companies, including the industrial group Swedwood. [22]. The remaining 22 are run by franchisees outside of the IKEA Group.[8]. In one case, a boy with H5N1 experienced diarrhea followed rapidly by a coma without developing respiratory or flu-like symptoms, suggesting non-standard symptoms. Of the 202 IKEA stores in 32 countries, 180 are run by the IKEA Group. The severity of the infection will depend to a large part on the state of the infected person's immune system and if the victim has been exposed to the strain before, and is therefore partially immune. The operator/franchisee of the majority of the stores worldwide is a separate entity, the IKEA Group, a private group of companies owned by a Dutch charitable foundation.

[21] These include fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, conjunctivitis and, in severe cases, severe breathing problems and pneumonia that may be fatal. Despite IKEA's Swedish roots, the owner/franchiser of the IKEA concept is a Dutch company, Inter IKEA Systems BV. In humans, avian flu viruses cause similar symptoms to other types of flu. Returned, damaged and formerly showcased products which are not in "as new" condition are displayed here, and sold with a discount. Genetic factors in distinguishing between "human flu viruses" and "avian flu viruses" include:. Most IKEA stores also offer an "as-is" area at the end of the warehouse just prior to the cashiers. [19]. the ingredients) at these stores and assemble it (that is, simple, straightforward food preparation) at home.

H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 are the only known avian flu virus subtypes currently circulating among humans. As would be expected with IKEA, you can buy IKEA's specialities, such as Swedish meatballs, in parts (i.e. "Human influenza virus" usually refers to those subtypes that spread widely among humans. Outside of Sweden, these restaurants are sometimes complemented by mini-shops selling Swedish-made, Swedish-style groceries. "[C]ontemporary human H3N2 influenza viruses are now endemic in pigs in southern China and can reassort with avian H5N1 viruses in this intermediate host." [18]. The restaurant area is usually the one place in the store where there are large windows. H5N1 is endemic in birds in southeast Asia and represents a long term pandemic threat. Many stores include restaurants serving typically Swedish food, and beverages such as lingonberry juice.

2005: Tens of millions of birds died of H5N1 influenza and hundreds of millions of birds were culled to protect humans from H5N1. However, there are few complaints about being able to collect goods quicker from the customer warehouses. CDC detailed analysis. Unfortunately, this occasionally results in customers being unable to find the goods they paid for at the cashier without direction from staff and the impression of queueing twice (once at the cashier, once at the external warehouse). As of April 2004, 18 farms had been quarantined to halt the spread of the virus. Some stores operate separate additional warehouses for the larger or less popular flatpacks to keep the size of the customer warehouse down (and therefore less daunting) and allow more stock to be kept on-site at any given time. 2004: In North America, the presence of avian influenza strain H7N3 was confirmed at several poultry farms in British Columbia in February 2004. stores place the showroom upstairs and the marketplace and warehouse both downstairs.

[17]. Whilst the original design involved the warehouse on the lower level and the showroom and markethall on the upper, some stores are single-level bungalow-style stores while many U.S. 2003: In Netherlands H7N7 influenza virus infection broke out in poultry on several farms. In addition, the shortcuts are heavily criticized for not being long enough for convenience. 2000: "In California, poultry producers kept their knowledge of a recent H6N2 avian influenza outbreak to themselves due to their fear of public rejection of poultry products; meanwhile, the disease spread across the western United States and has since become endemic." [15] [16]. However, though they may be indicated on store maps, these shortcuts are often not obvious so an inexperienced IKEA shopper is likely to overlook them and travel through the whole layout of the store. Most recently, H3N8 viruses from horses have crossed over and caused outbreaks in dogs." [14]. Recently, in some stores, shortcuts have been introduced between various sections, making travel time through the store much shorter if necessary.

However, in 1997, H3N2 viruses from humans were introduced into the pig population and caused widespread disease among pigs. This design is intended to make customers encounter products which they might not have thought to look for, but has the disadvantage of inconveniencing consumers who already know what they want to buy and just want to return to the warehouse area. pig population. The sequence involves going through furniture showrooms (showroom) and housewares (market-hall) first, then the warehouse where one collects flatpacks for products seen in the showrooms, and then the cashier. For example, until 1997, only H1N1 viruses circulated widely in the U.S. They are often designed around a mandatory "one-way" layout which forces consumers to traverse nearly all parts of the store before reaching the cashier or check-out stands. 1997: "Influenza A viruses normally seen in one species sometimes can cross over and cause illness in another species. Newer IKEA stores are usually very large blue boxes with few windows.

In Mexico, for example, mass vaccination of chickens against epidemic H5N2 influenza in 1995 has had to continue in order to control a persistent and evolving virus (Lee et al., 2004)." [13]. [7]. Intensive surveillance is required to detect these “silent epidemics” in time to curtail them. The first of these will be in Coventry. 1995: "[V]accinated birds can develop asymptomatic infections that allow virus to spread, mutate, and recombine (ProMED-mail, 2004j). [5] [6] In January 2006 it announced plans to create 10 extra smaller outlets, to be based in city centres. 1979: "More than 400 harbor seals, most of them immature, died along the New England coast between December 1979 and October 1980 of acute pneumonia associated with influenza virus, A/Seal/Mass/1/180 (H7N7)." [12]. It applied for judicial review but lost in 2005.

[11]. IKEA was vetoed planning permission for a further store in England in 2004 (to be based in Stockport in Greater Manchester) by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. Avian influenza viruses that the OIE and others test for in order to control poultry disease include: H5N1, H7N2, H1N7, H7N3, H13N6, H5N9, H11N6, H3N8, H9N2, H5N2, H4N8, H10N7, H2N2, H8N4, H14N5, H6N5, H12N5 and others. Over 300,000 visitors were expected on the first weekend of operation. [10]. IKEA employees indicated that on the first Saturday of operation, the Stoughton store would have sales of $1-1.2M. "Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus is on every top ten list available for potential agricultural bioweapon agents". Nearby highways were at a standstill; approaching the store from less than 1 mile took upwards of an hour.

Symptoms in animals vary, but virulent strains can cause death within a few days. The Stoughton, Massachusetts store opened on 9 November 2005. The incubation period is 3 to 5 days. The first person in line had been there a week. It can also be transmitted by contaminated feed, water, equipment and clothing; however, there is no evidence that the virus can survive in well cooked meat. That store is its first in the Southeast U.S., its third-largest in North America, and the only one to serve grits. Avian influenza virus spreads in the air and in manure and survives longer in cold weather. Minding the above problems, the store at Atlantic Station in Atlanta opened on 29 June 2005 with 20 off-duty police officers directing traffic.

[9]. In Saudi Arabia three people were crushed to death in September 2004 when IKEA offered a limited number of $150 vouchers for free. Laboratory mice have been successfully infected with a variety of avian flu genotypes. The store was re-opened at 5pm on 11 February 2005 with no additional incident. H3N8 viruses from horses have crossed over and caused outbreaks in dogs. The store was closed after only 30 minutes (due to the large number of customers, there were inadequate security staff and police). [8] H5N1 has been shown to be also transmitted to tigers, leopards, and domestic cats who were fed uncooked domestic fowl (chickens) with the virus. It attracted over 6,000 visitors due to huge opening discounts in the first three opening hours and resulted in a number of casualties as people were crushed in the rush to get into the store.

Prior to the current H5N1 epizootic, strains of avian influenza virus had been demonstrated to be transmitted from wild fowl to only birds, pigs, horses, seals, whales and humans; and only between humans and pigs and between humans and domestic fowl; and not other pathways such as domestic fowl to horse. A new store opened in Edmonton, North London at midnight on 10 February 2005. Wild fowl act as natural asymptomatic carriers of avian flu virus. IKEA's most popular store in Brent Park, London frequently has traffic jams on the weekends. The assembled virion cores leave the nucleus and migrate towards the cell membrane, with patches of viral transmembrane proteins (hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and M2 proteins) and an underlying layer of the M1 protein, and bud through these patches, releasing finished enveloped viruses into the extracellular fluid. When an IKEA opened in Tempe, Arizona in November 2004, the traffic jams on Interstate 10 were so severe that the Arizona Department of Public Safety had to close the nearest off-ramp to the store just to spread out the traffic among other nearby off-ramps. The RNA synthesis and its assembly with the nucleoprotein takes place in the cell nucleus, the synthesis of proteins takes place in the cytoplasm. Emeryville police were forced to manually direct traffic daily for three months.

The +RNA strands also serve for synthesis of -RNA strands for new virions. For example, when an IKEA opened in April 2000 in Emeryville, California, the traffic was so severe that most local traffic lights were rendered useless. After transcription from negative-sense to positive-sense RNA the +RNA strands get the cellular 5' cap added, allowing its processing as messenger RNA by ribosomes. The handful of American cities which accepted IKEA stores were delighted by the subsequent surge in sales tax revenue, yet dismayed at the accompanying surge in traffic congestion. The genome segments have common terminal sequences, and the ends of the RNA strands are partially complementary, allowing them to bond to each other by hydrogen bonds. Because they have few stores, they often drew consumers from out-of-state. The 8 genes are:. before the United Kingdom and other European countries, IKEA had very few stores until recently.

The segmented nature of the genome also allows for the exchange of entire genes between different viral strains when they cohabitate the same cell. Although they were in the U.S. Each segment contains a single gene, but some can be read twice at different starting points to create two distinct proteins. Like all big-box stores, IKEA stores draw consumers from a very large area. Influenza A viruses contain their genome in eight separate linear segments of negative-sense RNA, which code for ten proteins (eleven for type A if including the novel PB1-F1 protein). IKEA's goals of sustainability and environmental design in their merchandise may be trumped by the impact a new IKEA store can have on a community:. [4] [5] "[C]ontemporary human H3N2 influenza viruses are now endemic in pigs in southern China and can reassort with avian H5N1 viruses in this intermediate host." [6]. Company founder Ingvar Kamprad, who is dyslexic, found that naming the furniture with a name, rather than a product code, made the names easier to remember.

Measured resistance to the standard antiviral drugs amantadine and rimantadine in H3N2 has increased from 1% in 1994 to 12% in 2003 to 91% in 2005. The entire office furniture line is named EFFEKTIV. [3] The dominant strain in January 2006 is H3N2. For example, AKTION is a name for a pepper mill, DINERA for tableware, KASSETT for media storage. The annually updated trivalent flu vaccine consists of hemagglutinin (HA) surface glycoprotein components from influenza H3N2, H1N1, and B influenza viruses. Most names have an etymology regarding their function or appearance (de) [4]:. The annual flu (also called "seasonal flu" or "human flu") kills an estimated 36,000 people in the United States each year. Every IKEA product is identified by a name, either Swedish in origin or Swedish-sounding.

Until recently, 15 HA types had been recognized, but a new type (H16) was isolated from black-headed gulls caught in Sweden and the Netherlands in 1999 and reported in the literature in 2005." [2]. [3]. "There are 16 different HA antigens (H1 to H16) and nine different NA antigens (N1 to N9) for influenza A. Now working in the Nordic countries and in UK, sites confirmed in England include London, Manchester, Leeds and Liverpool. Avian influenza viruses are negative sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses. The product, named BoKlok was launched in Sweden in 1996 in a joint venture with Skanska. The avian influenzavirus subtypes that have been confirmed in humans, ordered by the number of known human deaths, are: H1N1 caused "Spanish Flu", H2N2 caused "Asian Flu", H3N2 caused "Hong Kong Flu", H5N1 is the current pandemic threat, H7N7 has unusual zoonotic potential, H1N2 is currently endemic in humans and pigs, H9N2, H7N2, H7N3, H10N7. IKEA has also expanded their product base to include flat-pack houses, in an effort to cut prices involved in a first-time buyer's home.

For example, the annual flu subtype H3N2 no longer contains the strain that caused the Hong Kong Flu. The intended result is flexible, adaptable home furnishings, scaleable both to larger homes and smaller dwellings. Most known strains are extinct strains. Responding to the explosion of human population—and material expectations—in the 20th century, the company has mastered economies of scale, capturing material streams and creating manufacturing processes that hold costs and resource use down, such as the extensive use of particle board. Each subtype virus has mutated into a variety of strains with differing pathogenic profiles; some pathogenic to one species but not others, some pathogenic to multiple species. Its founder calls it "democratic design," meaning that the company applies an integrated approach to manufacturing and design (see also environmental design). The avian flu virus subtypes are labeled according to an H number (for hemagglutinin) and an N number (for neuraminidase). IKEA also claims to have pioneered the use of more sustainable approaches to mass consumer culture.

. IKEA claims this permits them to reduce costs and use of packaging by not shipping air—the volume of a bookcase, for example, is considerably less if it is shipped unassembled rather than assembled. Variants are sometimes also labeled according to:. Also, because much of it is self-assembly furniture (also known as "flat-pack"), it is designed to be assembled by the consumer rather than being sold pre-assembled. [1]. IKEA furniture is well known for its modern (often unusual) design. It was first identified in Italy in the early 1900s and is now known to exist worldwide. The store in Asker is currently undergoing a major expansion and remodeling.).

It is hosted by birds, but may infect several species of mammals. (The store was located in the same building which houses the Bellevue hotel, about two km from the present site at Billingstad/Slependen, which opened in 1975. Influenza A virus causes "avian influenza" (also known as bird flu, avian flu, influenzavirus A flu, type A flu, or genus A flu). It was also the location for the first IKEA "warehouse" store which came to serve as a model for IKEA establishments elsewhere and on March 23, 1963, the first store outside Sweden was opened in Asker, a Norwegian municipality outside Oslo. Influenzavirus A has only one species in it; that species is called "influenza A virus". At first, Kamprad sold his goods out of his home and by mail order, but eventually a store was opened in the nearby town of Älmhult. Influenzavirus A is a genus of a family of viruses called Orthomyxoviridae in virus classification. The company motto is: "Well designed affordable quality furniture to the many people".

Global Pandemic News : 24 X 7 online news feeds on the threat of Bird Flu and a Global Pandemic. Furniture was first added to the IKEA product range in 1947 and, in 1955, IKEA began to design its own furniture. Flu Breaking News Avian flu, common symptom, flu vaccine and flu shot and latest news. Originally, IKEA sold pens, wallets, picture frames, table runners, watches, jewelry and nylon stockings or practically anything Kamprad found a need for that he could fill with a product at a reduced price. Current status (Google news of avian+OR+bird+flu+OR+influenza). This acronym is incidentally similar to the Greek word οικία [oikia] (home) and to the Finnish word oikea (correct). Links to Bird Flu pictures (Hardin MD/Univ of Iowa). The company name is a composite of the first letters in his name and the names of the property and the village in which he grew up: Ingvar Kamprad Elmtaryd Agunnaryd.

Bird Flu is a Real Pandemic Threat to Humans by Leonard Crane, author of Ninth Day of Creation. IKEA was founded in 1943 by Ingvar Kamprad, then 17. Is a Global Flu Pandemic Imminent? from Infection Control Today. . 'The Threat of Bird Flu' : HealthPolitics.com.
. Avian flu, bioterror, animals (page in an online book) "Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus is on every top ten list available for potential agricultural bioweapon agents". IKEA is famous for its affordable furniture which consumers are required to assemble for themselves.

A Variety of Avian Flu Images and Pictures. ^[2]. A guide to bird flu and its symptoms from BBC Health. The IKEA catalogue, containing about 12,000 products, is printed in 160 million copies (2006) worldwide, and distributed free of charge. Overview of H5N1 from New England Journal of Medicine. IKEA is generally pronounced (IPA /i'ke.a/) but in many English-speaking regions, it is pronounced (IPA /aɪ'ki:ə/) rhyming with the word "idea". Special issue on avian flu from Nature. IKEA is one of the few store chains to have locations both in Israel and in other Middle Eastern nations.

Government's avian influenza information website. More than 20 opened during 2005. U.S. It has 229 stores in 33 countries, most of them in Europe, the rest in the United States, Canada, Asia and Australia. Avian influenza FAQ from the World Health Organization. IKEA is a Swedish home furnishings retailer. Avian influenza and Influenza Pandemics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2006 Ireland — Dublin.

Retrieved November 16th, 2005. 2006 Japan — Funabashi. World Health Organization. 2005 Turkey — Istanbul. "Avian Influenza Factsheet". 2004 Portugal — Lisbon. 28. 2001 Greece — Thessaloniki.

New Straits Times, p. 2001 Israel — Netanya. 5, 2005). 2000 Russia — Moscow (Chimki). (Nov. 1998 China — Shanghai. "Three million Asians may die". 1996 Malaysia — Kuala Lumpur (Mutiara Damansara).

F18. 1996 Finland — Espoo. New Sunday Times, p. 1994 Taiwan — Taipei. 6, 2005). 1992 Slovakia — Bratislava. (Nov. 1991 United Arab Emirates — Dubai.

"Reining in bird flu: Answer may lie with reverse engineering". 1991 Czech Republic — Prague (Zličín). 23–31. 1991 Poland — Platan. Scientific American, p. 1990 Hungary — Budapest. "Preparing for a Pandemic". 1989 Italy — Milan (Cinisello Balsamo).

2005). 1987 United Kingdom — Manchester (Warrington). Waut & Soares, Christine (Nov. 1985 United States — Philadelphia (Conshohocken). Gibbs, W. 1984 Kuwait — Kuwait City. PB2 gene encoding an RNA polymerase. 1984 Belgium — Brussels (Zaventem and Ternat).

PB1 gene encoding an RNA polymerase and PB1-F2 protein (induces apoptosis) by using different reading frames from the same RNA segment. 1983 Saudi Arabia — Jeddah. PA gene encoding an RNA polymerase. 1981 France — Paris (Bobigny). NS gene encoding two distinct non-structural proteins by using different reading frames from the same RNA segment. 1981 Iceland — Reykjavík. M gene encoding two matrix proteins (the M1 and the M2) by using different reading frames from the same RNA segment (about 3000 matrix protein molecules are needed to make one virion). 1980 Spain — Gran Canaria (Las Palmas).

Influenza A, B, and C are distinguished by their nucleoproteins. 1978 Singapore — Queenstown. NP gene encoding nucleoprotein. 1978 Netherlands — Rotterdam (Sliedrecht). NA gene encoding neuraminidase (about 100 molecules of neuraminidase are needed to make one virion). 1977 Austria — Vienna (Vösendorf). However HAs of H5 and H7 pantropic avian viruses subtypes can be cleaved by furin and subtilisin-type enzymes, allowing the virus to grow in other organs than lungs." [7]. 1976 Canada — Vancouver (Richmond).

The reason is that HA is cleaved by tryptase clara which is restricted to lungs. 1975 Hong Kong — Kowloon (Tsim Sha Tsui). bronchial epithelial cells) into lumen of lungs and are therefore usually pneumotropic. 1975 Australia — Sydney (Artarmon). Influenza viruses bud from the apical surface of polarized epithelial cells (e.g. 1974 Germany — Munich (Eching). HA gene encoding hemagglutinin (about 500 molecules of hemagglutinin are needed to make one virion) "The extent of infection into host organism is determined by HA. 1973 Switzerland — Zürich (Spreitenbach).

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) (also called: deadly flu or death flu). 1969 Denmark — Copenhagen (Ballerup). Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI). 1963 Norway — Asker (Nesbru). deadliness