Bear

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News stories from Wikinews. A minority of non-dairy ice creams are based on nut butter. Bears, usually anthropomorphized, appear frequently as characters in popular culture; see List of fictional bears. Soy ice cream and rice ice cream are made with soy milk or rice milk instead. A bear also features prominently in the legend of Saint Romedius, who is also said to have tamed one of these animals and had the same bear carry him from his hermitage in the mountains to the city of Trento. Some ice creams are made without milk. In the arms of the bishopric of Freising (illustration, right) the bear is the dangerous totem animal tamed by Saint Corbinian and made to carry his civilized baggage over the mountains: the allegory of the civilizing influence of Christianity is inescapable. The following is a partial list of ice-cream-like frozen desserts and snacks:.

Bears are a common symbol of heraldry. After the liquid nitrogen has completely vaporized, the remaining nitrogen bubbles are perfectly harmless, since nitrogen is the major component of air. The bear is also the name-emblem of Berlin. The result, due to the extreme rapid cooling of the mixture, is a very smooth ice cream containing only small ice crystals. Numerous cities around the world have adopted the bear as a symbol, notably the Swiss capital Bern, which takes its name from the German for bear, bär. The preparation is spectacular, since it results in a column of white condensed vapor, reminiscent of movie depictions of witches' cauldrons. The theory of the bear taboo is taught to almost all beginning students of Indo-European and historical linguistics; the putative original PIE word for bear is itself descriptive, because a cognate word in Sanskrit is rakshas, meaning "harm, injury" [1]. Adding liquid nitrogen with the rest of the ingredients and stirring vigorously produces a very smooth ice cream.

In the Finnish countryside, the word for "bear" remains taboo to this day. This is an interesting legend, but it has not been substantiated. Thus four separate Indo-European language groups do not share the same PIE root. Next door to the ice cream booth was the waffle booth; the waffle maker offered to make cones by rolling up his waffles; the new product became extremely popular at the fair and was widely copied by other vendors. Arthur), Sanskrit *ṛkṣa, Hittite hartagga) seems to have been subject to taboo deformation or replacement (as was the word for wolf, wlk^wos), resulting in the use of numerous unrelated words with meanings like "brown one" (English bruin) and "honey-eater" (Slavic medved). According to legend, at the World's Fair an ice cream seller had run out of clean dishes, so he couldn't sell any more ice cream. In addition, the Proto-Indo-European word for bear, *hr̥ktos (ancestral to the Greek arktos, Latin ursus, Welsh arth (c.f. Louis World's fair in 1904.

There has been evidence about early bear worship in China and among the Ainu culture as well. The popularity of selling ice cream in cones increased greatly during the St. This is why the bear was a greatly respected animal, with several euphemistic names. She patented and manufactured an ice cream maker and was the first person to suggest using liquid gases to freeze ice cream after seeing a demonstration at the Royal Institution. The prehistoric Finns, along with most finno-ugric peoples, considered the bear as the spirit of one's forefathers. Agnes Marshall was a celebrated cookery writer of her day and helped to popularise ice cream. Anthropologists such as Joseph Campbell have regarded this as a common feature in most of the fishing and hunting-tribes. Mrs Marshall's Cookery Book, published in 1888, endorsed serving ice cream in cones, but the idea probably predated that cookbook.

There is some evidence for prehistoric bear worship, see Arctic, Arcturus, Great Bear, Berserker, Kalevala. In the UK this is a minimum of 5% fat and a minimum of 2.5% milk protein (Schedule 8, the Food Labelling Regulations 1996) [1] (pdf). The discovery has shown that while all other Brown Bears share a Brown Bear as their closest relative, those of Alaska's ABC Islands differ and share their closest relation with the Polar Bear. In apparent contradiction to the above paragraph, the Ice Cream Alliance Ltd, a trade association for the UK ice-cream industry, says that: "It is necessary for a manufacturer to be aware of the compositional requirements of the country in which he intends to sell his ice cream. The researchers discovered that their DNA was unique compared to Brown Bears anywhere else in the world. However, ice cream sold as dairy ice cream must contain milk fat, and many companies make sure that dairy is prominently displayed on their packaging or businesses. Researchers Gerald Shields and Sandra Talbot of the University of Alaska Fairbanks Institute of Arctic Biology studied the DNA of several samples of the species and found that their DNA is different from that of other Brown Bears. Instead, it is made with vegetable oil, usually hydrogenated palm kernel oil.

There is also evidence that, unlike their neighbors elsewhere, the Brown Bears of Alaska's ABC Islands are more closely related to Polar Bears than they are to other Brown Bears in the world. In the United Kingdom, much of the lower-priced ice cream sold, including that from some ice cream vans, has no milk or milk solids content at all. The many similarities between the two pandas are thought to represent convergent evolution for feeding primarily on bamboo. Italian ice-cream parlours (Eisdielen) are common and popular in Germany where many Italians have immigrated and set up business. Others place it with the racoons in Procyonidae or in its own family, the Ailuridae. Before the cone became popular for serving ice cream, Italian street vendors would serve the ice cream in a small glass dish referred to as a 'penny lick' or wrapped in waxed paper and known as a hokey-pokey (possibly a corruption of the Italian "ecco un poco" - "here is a little"). The status of the Red Panda remains uncertain, but many experts, including Wilson and Reeder, classify it as a member of the bear family. Ice cream today is a traditional dessert in Italy, where it is still mostly hand-made, though one of the most known ice-cream machine makers is the Carpigiani.

Although there has previously been much discussion as to whether the Giant Panda belongs to the bear family or the raccoon family, recent DNA analyses have shown that the Giant Panda is a member of the Family Ursidae and as such is more closely related to other bears. Per Capita, Australians consume the most amount of ice cream than anywhere else. Extinct bear genera include Arctodus, Agriarctos, Agriotherium, Plionarctos and Indarctos. For example, Japanese mochi ice cream is now popular in California, even outside Japanese restaurants and Little Tokyos. This genus radiated in Asia and ultimately gave rise to the first true bears (genus Ursus) in Europe, 5 million years ago. Globalization has made available ice-cream styles from around the world. Cephalogale gave rise to a lineage of early bears, the genus Ursavus. Both Ben and Jerry's and Häagen-Dazs fall into this category.

The origins of the bears can be traced back to the raccoon-sized, dog-like Cephalogale from the middle Oligocene and early Miocene (approximately 20-30 million years ago) of Europe. The 1990s saw a return of the older, thicker, ice creams being sold as "premium" varieties. Although bears are often described as having evolved from a dog-like ancestor, their closest living relatives are the pinnipeds (walruses, seals, and sea lions). The ice cream was also very popular amongst consumers who preferred the light flavour, and most major ice cream brands now use this manufacturing process. Other members of the Caniformia include wolves and other dog-like mammals (family Canidae), weasels, skunks, and badgers (family Mustelidae), raccoons (family Procyonidae), and walruses (family Odobenidae), seals (family Phocidae), and sea lions (family Otariidae). This allowed manufacturers to use less of the actual ingredients, saving money. Bears are members of the order Carnivora, suborder Caniformia, and family Ursidae. A chemical research team in Britain (of which a young Margaret Thatcher was a member) discovered a method of doubling the amount of air in ice cream.

A number of hybrids have been bred between American Black, Brown and Polar Bears (see Ursinae hybrids). One important development in the 20th century was the introduction of soft ice cream. The Asiatic Black Bear and the Polar Bear used to be placed in their own genera, Selenarctos and Thalarctos. Howard Johnson's restaurants advertised "a world of 28 flavors." Baskin-Robbins made its 31 flavors ("one for every day of the month") the cornerstone of its marketing strategy; the company now boasts that it has developed over 1000 varieties. The genera Melursus and Helarctos are included in the genus Ursus. Vendors often competed on the basis of variety. Sun Bears are the smallest, only a bit smaller than the average person. Soon there was an explosion of ice cream stores and of flavors and types.

Kodiak Bears are the largest type of bear (Polar Bears are the heaviest though), indeed one of the largest extant carnivores. Ice cream became extremely popular throughout the world in the second half of the 20th Century after cheap refrigeration became common and wages became high enough to indulge in such minor luxuries. The Brown Bear is Finland's national animal. During Prohibition, the soda fountain was promoted as an alternative to the saloon. Bears have an average life expectancy of 25–40 years. Around the turn of the 20th Century, the ice cream soda was consumed at the soda shop, the soda fountain, and the ice cream parlor. Bears in captivity used to be trained to dance, box, or unicycle, but it is now controversial to use animals in this way. Retail storefront outlets developed as chains of ice cream stores, such as Baskin Robbins.

Laws have been passed in many areas of the world to protect bears from hunters or habitat destruction. The history of ice cream in the 20th century is one of great change and increase in availability and popularity. Higher body heat and being easily roused may be adaptations because female bears bear cubs during this winter sleep. Both the ice cream cone and banana split were popularized in the first years of the 20th century. Unlike rodents, bears are easily awakened when disturbed. Some versions say that the sundae was invented to circumvent the Blue Laws, which forbade serving sodas on Sunday. Recycling urine is quite a physiological feat. Several men claimed to have created the first sundae, but there is no solid evidence to back up any of their stories.

They do not wake normally during 'hibernation' therefore do not eat, drink, urinate or defecate the entire period. The ice cream sundae originated in the late 19th Century. The body temperature of bears, on the other hand, drops only a few degrees from normal and heart rate slows slightly. It was probably invented by Robert Green in 1874, although there is no conclusive evidence to prove his claim. It is difficult to awaken them by disturbance. This was followed by the invention of the ice cream soda. In true hibernators, body temperatures drop to near ambient and heart rate slows drastically, but they periodically rouse themselves to urinate or defecate and eat from stored food. In 1843 Nancy Johnson became the first American to patent a handcranked ice cream freezer.

While many bear species do go into a physiological state called hibernation or winter sleep, it is not true hibernation. Dolley Madison is also closely associated with the early history of ice cream in the United States. Many bears of northern regions are assumed to hibernate in the winter. Ben Franklin, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson were among the elite who regularly ate and served ice cream. Normally, bears are very solitary and will not remain close together for long periods of time. Confectioners, many of whom were Frenchmen, sold ice cream at their shops in New York and other cities during the Colonial era. The cubs are more sexually mature at seven years. Contemporary western-style ice cream, however was probably “discovered” in the 1600’s, and was introduced to the United States by colonists who brought their ice cream recipes with them.

However, they will still remain nearby for three years. Snow-cones, made from balls of crushed ice topped with sweet syrup served in a paper cone, are consumed in many parts of the world. Then, they are weaned. People living directly alongside snow and ice have probably always put sweet things like honey and fruit juice on frozen water for variety, as some still do to this day. They will be fed by milk at first and will start hunting with the mother in three months. While it was not yet ice cream per se, some examples of early pre-planned ice dishes include the Roman emperor Nero (37-68) who is said to have ordered ice to be brought from the mountains and combined with fruit toppings, and King Tang (618-97) of the Shang Dynasty who is said to have had a method of creating ice and milk concoctions. The cubs, usually born in litters of 1–3, will stay with the mother for six months. Ice cream most likely did originate in China, but it is unknown how and when the idea made its way into the Western world.

Cubs come out toothless, blind, and bald. There is, however, no historical evidence to support this legend, which first appeared during the 19th century and was probably created by imaginative ice cream vendors. Bears reproduce seasonally, usually after a period of inactivity similar to hibernation. Charles I was supposedly so impressed by the "frozen snow" that he offered his own ice cream maker a lifetime pension in return for keeping the formula secret, so that ice cream could be a royal prerogative. The bear's courtship period is very brief. Catherine de Medici's Italian chefs are said to have carried the ice cream recipe to France when she went there in 1533 to marry the Duc d'Orléans. The only exceptions are polar bears and large adult brown bears, whose heavy weight makes it difficult to climb trees. According to legend, Marco Polo saw ice cream being made on his trip to China, bringing the recipe home to Italy with him on his return.

Most bears are able to climb trees to chase prey or gain access to additional vegetation. It is believed that the Song dynasty (宋朝) was the time when people began putting fruit juice in the water used to create the ice; milk was beginning to be used in the Yuan dynasty (元朝). They use their excellent memories to return to locations where food was plentiful in past years or seasons. The Chinese put sugar in the ice and sold them as food during the summer. Bears travel over large territories in search of food, remembering the details of the landscape they cover. Saltpeter was used for the production of gunpowder in China, and the Chinese discovered that saltpeter in water caused the water to absorb heat, thus creating ice in summer. Male young usually leave their mothers to live in other areas, but females often live in an area that overlaps that of their mother. There are several popular legends surrounding the discovery of ice cream.

A male and female may live in an overlapping home range, each defending their range from other bears of the same sex. There are many kinds of Arabian Ice cream "Butha" we can find in the market they have advantages of being healthy and fresh as they are made of fresh milk. Other bears may live alone but exist in a social network. Arabs introduced gelato to the west through Sicily. Giant pandas may also form small social groups, based on recent evidence, perhaps because bamboo is more concentrated than the patchy food resources of other bear species. It was made of a chilled syrup or milk with fruits and some nuts. Alaskan brown bears group in the same area to feed on salmon during the annual salmon runs, when the fish swim upriver to reach their spawning grounds. Ice cream was the favourite dessert for the Caliphs of Baghdad, Arabs were the first to make it or at least commercially as there were ice cream factories in the 10th century and the first to sugar Ice cream, it was sold in markets of all Arab cities in the past.

Bears form temporary groups only when food is plentiful in a small area. See also Kulfi, another originally Persian form of the ice cream. Bears mostly live alone, except for mothers and their cubs, or males and females during mating season. 1 2. They will, however, defend their cubs ferociously. The mix is then frozen, and mixed with rosewater and lemons, before serving. For the most part, bears are shy and are easily frightened of humans. The treat, widely made today in Iran, is called "faludeh", which is made from starch (wheat, probably), spun in a kind of sieve-like contraption which produces threads or drops of the batter, which are boiled in water.

Some of the large species, such as the polar bear and the grizzly bear, are dangerous to humans, especially in areas where they have become used to people. The ice was then mixed in with saffron, fruits, and various other flavors. Hunting times are usually in the dusk or the dawn except when humans are nearby. The storages worked by using tall windcatchers that kept the sub-level storage space at frigid temperatures. Bears will commonly travel far for food. These storages kept ice brought in from the winter or from nearby mountains well into the summer. They can also go to a river or other body of water to capture fish. The Persians had already mastered the technique of storing ice inside giant naturally cooled refrigerators known as yakhchals.

They eat lichens, roots, nuts, and berries. In 400 BCE Persia, a special chilled pudding-like dish, made of rosewater and vermicelli, working out as something like a cross between a sorbet and a rice pudding, was served to the royalty during summers. They are mainly omnivorous, although some have a more specialised diet, such as polar bears. On the Mediterranean coast of Turkey, ice cream is sometimes sold to beachgoers from small powerboats equipped with chest freezers. Bears live in a variety of habitats from the tropics to the Arctic and from forests to snowfields. There are even some ice-cream distributors who sell ice-cream products door-to-door from travelling refrigerated vans, often equipped with speakers playing a children's music tune. Bears living in the wild tend to die younger than their zoo-counterparts. Ice cream can be purchased in large tubs and squrounds from supermarkets/grocery stores, in smaller quantities from ice cream shops, convenience stores, and milk bars, and in individual serves from small carts or vans at public events and places.

A bear's life span seems to last about 25 to 40 years.
Today, ice cream is enjoyed around the world on a daily basis thanks to mass production. Large male polar bears may weigh twice as much as females, while smaller male and sun bears are much more similar in weight. The most common method for producing ice-cream at home is to use an ice-cream machine, generally an electrical device that churns the ice cream while refrigerated inside a household freezer or using ice and salt for cooling. In all bear species, males are larger than females, but the difference between sexes varies and is greatest in the largest species. The development of industrial refrigeration by German engineer Carl von Linde during the 1870s obviated the cutting and storing of natural ice and then the continuous-process freezer was perfected in 1926, allowing commercial mass production of ice cream and the birth of the modern ice-cream industry. Several species, such as the sun bear and spectacled bear have a light-colored chest with facial markings. He sold his business to Borden.

For example, American black bears may be black, brown, reddish-brown, or bluish-black. Many were still around well into the 20th century. Colors of a bear's fur can also vary within species. Fussell opened ice cream parlors as far west as Texas. Fur color varies among species, ranging from white, blonde or cream, to black, and white to all black or all brown. This allowed the previously expensive concoction to be offered at prices everyone could afford. A bear's fur is long and shaggy. An unstable demand for his milk led him to mass produce ice cream.

They are also stronger than most carnivores and their limbs are more flexible and agile. The world's first commercial ice-cream factory was opened in Baltimore, Maryland in 1851, by Jacob Fussell, a dairy farmer. Although slower than most carnivores, a running bear can reach speeds of up to 50 km/h (30 mph). The hand-cranked churn, which still used ice and salt for cooling, was invented by an American named Nancy Johnson in 1846, making production simpler. They walk with their weight on the soles of their hindfeet, with the heel touching the ground, while the toes of the forefeet are used more for balance. Ice cream was made by hand in a large bowl surrounded by packed ice and salt. While most carnivores tend to walk on their toes in a way that is adapted for speed, bears have a plantigrade stance. Ice was cut commercially from lakes and ponds during the winter and stored in large heaps in holes in the ground, insulated by straw.

These claws can be used to climb trees, rip open termite nests and beehives, dig up roots, or catch prey, depending on the species. The dissolving of salt in water is endothermic and the salt allows liquid water to be below the freezing point of pure water, allowing the immersed container with cream to make better contact with the melted water/ice mixture. Each paw has five long, sharp claws that are unretractible, unlike cats. The temperature was reduced by placing the ice cream mixture into a container that was immersed in a mixture of crushed ice and salt. Bears have four limbs that end in paws. The making of ice cream was originally a laborious process. Bears' molar teeth are broad, flat and are used to shred and grind plant food into small digestable pieces. Before the development of modern refrigeration ice cream was a luxury item reserved for special occasions.

Normal canine teeth in a carnivore are generally large and pointed used for killing prey, while bears' canine teeth are relatively small and typically used in defense or as tools. . Bear teeth are not specialized for killing their prey like those of cats. Many people also like ice cream sundaes, which often have ice cream, hot fudge, nuts, whipped cream, cherries and other toppings of their choice. Depending on the species, bears can have 32 to 42 teeth. Some of the most popular ice cream flavours in supermarkets are vanilla, chocolate, strawberry, and Neapolitan (a combination of the three). Black bears, and likely other bears, have color vision to help them identify fruits and nuts. Ice-creams come in a wide variety of flavours, often with additives such as chocolate flakes or chips, nuts, fruit, and small candies/sweets.

A bear's eyesight is probably similar in acuity (sharpness) to the human eye. The use of stabilizers rather than actual cream and the incorporation of air also decreases the fat and caloric content of less expensive ice creams, making them more appealing to those on diets. Their claws are used for ripping, digging, and catching. Since ice cream is sold by volume, it's economically advantageous for producers to reduce the density of the product in order to cut costs. Their teeth are used for defense and tools and depend on the diet of the bear. Generally speaking, the finest ice creams have less than 30% air, but more than 15%. They have broad paws, long snouts, and round ears. Artisan-produced ice creams, such as Berthillon's, often contain very little air, although some is necessary to produce the characteristic creamy texture of the product.

They are capable of standing up on their hind legs. Generally, the less expensive the ice-cream, the lower the quality of the ingredients (for example, replacing vanilla bean with artificial vanillin), and the more air is incorporated, sometimes as much as 50% of the total volume. Bears have a large body with powerful limbs. These ingredients make up the solid part of the ice cream, but only a portion of the final volume, the remainder being air incorporated during the whipping process. Common characteristics of bears include a short tail, excellent senses of smell and hearing, five un-retractable claws, and long, dense, shaggy fur. Modern commercial ice cream is made from a mixture of ingredients:. . Governments often regulate the use of these terms based on quantities of ingredients.

The adjective, ursine, is used to describe things of bearlike nature. Frozen custard, ice milk, sorbet and other similar products are often also called ice cream. A bear is a large mammal of the order Carnivora, family Ursidae. Although the term "ice cream" is sometimes used to mean frozen desserts and snacks in general, it is usually reserved for frozen desserts and snacks made with a high percentage of milk fat. The Bear by William Faulkner. This mixture is cooled while stirring to prevent large ice crystals from forming. Bears of the World, Terry Domico, Photographs by Terry Domico and Mark Newman, Facts on File, Inc, 1988, hardcover, ISBN 0816015368. Ice cream (originally iced cream) is a frozen dessert made from dairy products such as cream (or equivalents), combined with flavourings and sweeteners.

The harder you try, the better the bear you are!. Kulfi: brought to Pakistan and India by the Mughals from Persia during the 1500s, later brought to the West as the result of colonialism and immigration. To try like a bear means to try your hardest to catch the attention of a certain lady. Pop: frozen fruit puree, fruit juice, or flavored sugar water on a stick or in a flexible plastic sleeve. Stephen Colbert frequently attacks bears as "godless killing machines" mobilized against humanity on The Colbert Report. Sorbet: fruit puree and no milk products. Microsoft Bear is an unofficial mascot hidden in Windows 3.1 and Windows 95. Sherbet: 1-2% milk fat and more sweetener than ice cream.

In homosexual slang, the term "Bear" refers to male individuals who possess physical attributes much like a bear, such as a heavy build, abundant body hair, and commonly facial hair. Gelato: an Italian frozen dessert. In CB slang, "bear" (or "smokey", in reference to Smokey Bear) is a nickname for highway patrol. Mellorine: non-dairy, with vegetable fat substituted for milk fat. The bear is a common national symbol for Russia (and the Soviet Union), as used in the Ronald Reagan political ad "Bear in the woods.". Frozen yogurt. The constellations Ursa Major and Ursa Minor represent bears. Frozen custard: at least 10% milk fat and at least 1.4% egg yolk and much less air beaten into it, similar to Gelato, fairly rare.

for sports teams; and a bear cub was mascot of the 1980 Summer Olympics. Ice milk: less than 10% milk fat and lower sweetening content, sold as low-fat ice cream in the United States. The bear, the bruin, or specific types of bears are popular nicknames or mascots, e.g. 55%-64% water which comes from milk solids or other ingredients. Indeed the farming of bears in China has led to a huge increase in consumption of bear bile since the 1980's with many people prepared to pay very high prices for the 'superior' bile of a wild bear. 0.2-0.5% stabilizers and emulsifiers e.g., agar or carrageenan extracted from seaweed. There is no evidence to suggest that farming bears has reduced pressures on wild bear populations. 12-16% sweeteners: usually a combination of sucrose and/or glucose-based corn syrup sweeteners.

They are kept in appalling conditions and usually have bile drained from their gall bladders using catheters inserted into their abdomen or with hypodermic needles. 9-12% milk solids-not-fat: this component, also known as the serum solids, contains the proteins (caseins and whey proteins) and carbohydrates (lactose) found in milk. Thousands of bears are farmed for their bile in China, Vietnam and Korea. 10-16% milk fat. This has had a major impact on populations of bears around the world. The peoples of China, Japan and Korea use bears' body parts and secretions (notably their gall bladders and bile) as part of traditional Chinese medicine.

Many cultures regard bears as possessing healing powers. Its opposite is a bull market, and bullish sentiment from bulls. Pessimistic forecasting or negative activity is said to be bearish (due to the stereotypical posture of bears looking downwards), and one who expresses bearish sentiment is a bear. In the stock market, a bear market is a period of declining prices.

That bear became the prototype for the Teddy bear, which is a stuffed animal toy. president Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt refused to shoot in Mississippi. Some bears have been famous in their own right, like the bear that U.S. Subspecies Borneo Sun Bear (Helarctos (Ursus) malayanus euryspilus).

Sun Bear, Helarctos malayanus