This page will contain additional articles about Wrought Iron, as they become available.Wrought ironA wrought iron railing in Troy, New York.Wrought iron is a very pure form of commercial iron, having a very small carbon content. It is tough, malleable, ductile and can be easily welded. However, it is too soft to make blades and swords. When formed into bars, it is known as "bar iron". Wrought iron has been used for thousands of years, and represents the "iron" that is referred to throughout history. Wrought iron was originally produced by a variety of methods today known as a bloomery. Bloomeries used charcoal-heated smelters, typically in the form of small pots or ladles, into which the ore was poured and then covered with a thin layer of charcoal. Air was blown onto the charcoal after lighting it on fire. The heat produced would melt the ore. As the ore melted it would be reduced (ore is iron oxide, or rust), mixing with the charcoal to release carbon dioxide. This way little carbon entered the iron directly. In a bloomery, the fire does not get hot enough to melt the iron completely, so you are left with a spongy mass containing iron and silicates from the ore; this is iron bloom from which the technique gets its name. The bloom was then mechanically worked to break off the masses of slag and impurities. This process gives rise to the name "wrought", as the iron was pounded, twisted, and folded. As a result of this process, many strands of slag are mixed into the metal. These slag inclusions give it a "grain" like wood, and distinct look when etched. Also due to the slag, it has a fibrous look when broken or bent past it's failure point. The fibers of wrought iron gives it some interesting proporties, however. Hammering a piece of wrought iron cold causes the fibers to become packed tighter, which makes the iron both brittle and hard. As wrought iron lacks the carbon content necessary for tempering, it is believed that cultures that never discovered how to make steel would cold work wrought iron tools in order to harden them. The introduction of the the much less expensive coke for use with the blast furnace by Abraham Darby I in 1709 changed ironmaking and replaced charcoal. Not only was the fuel much cheaper, but it also could be burned in a "lump" instead of a thin sheet, allowing the furnaces to be much larger. Soon iron prices were dropping rapidly as production shot up. However the product of a blast furnace, pig iron, had a very high carbon content and was very brittle. In order to use it in ironmongery, it had to first be converted to a form similar to what the bloom/wrought process produced. This process took time to develop, but by the 1750s a number of oxides had been identified that would react with the excess carbon to produce carbon dioxide, which bubbles out. Historically, this would be followed by faggoting. Wrought iron which had been faggoted twice was referred to as "Best"; if faggoted again it would become "Best Best", then "Treble best", etc. Faggoting resulted in impurities within the metal ending up as long thin inclusions, creating a grain within the metal. "Best" bars would have a tensile strength along the grain of about 23 tons per square inch (317 MPa). "Treble best" could reach 28 tons per square inch (386 MPa). The strengths across the grain would be about 15% lower. This grain makes wrought iron especially tricky to smith, as it behaves much like wood grain--prone to spontaneous splitting along the grain. In old, very rusted pieces of wrought iron, the grain is revealed, making the iron bear a striking resemblance to reddish-brown wood. Wrought iron products as described in routine commercial transactions usually refer to mild steel products which are also described as ornamental iron work.
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Wrought iron literally means Worked iron. me. As irregular past-tense forms in English have historically been phased out over long periods of time, wrought became worked. me (objective case). In old, very rusted pieces of wrought iron, the grain is revealed, making the iron bear a striking resemblance to reddish-brown wood. The IE root is also the source of Latin me, Greek με, Old Irish mé (Irish mí, Welsh mi), Slavic *me- (Old Church Slavonic мене, Russian меня), Baltic *me- (Lithuanian mi), Albanian mua. This grain makes wrought iron especially tricky to smith, as it behaves much like wood grain--prone to spontaneous splitting along the grain. Cognate with Old Frisian mi, Old Saxon mī (Dutch mij), Old High German mih (German mich), Old Norse mik, Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌺. The strengths across the grain would be about 15% lower. Germanic *mik-, representing Indo-European *me-. "Treble best" could reach 28 tons per square inch (386 MPa). "Best" bars would have a tensile strength along the grain of about 23 tons per square inch (317 MPa). mē. Faggoting resulted in impurities within the metal ending up as long thin inclusions, creating a grain within the metal. me (め). Wrought iron which had been faggoted twice was referred to as "Best"; if faggoted again it would become "Best Best", then "Treble best", etc. This process took time to develop, but by the 1750s a number of oxides had been identified that would react with the excess carbon to produce carbon dioxide, which bubbles out. Not only was the fuel much cheaper, but it also could be burned in a "lump" instead of a thin sheet, allowing the furnaces to be much larger. The stem is invariant and the suffixes regular except in the genitive where the form is meidän. The introduction of the the much less expensive coke for use with the blast furnace by Abraham Darby I in 1709 changed ironmaking and replaced charcoal. me (stem mei-). As wrought iron lacks the carbon content necessary for tempering, it is believed that cultures that never discovered how to make steel would cold work wrought iron tools in order to harden them. me (objective case). Hammering a piece of wrought iron cold causes the fibers to become packed tighter, which makes the iron both brittle and hard. me. The fibers of wrought iron gives it some interesting proporties, however. me (objective case). Also due to the slag, it has a fibrous look when broken or bent past it's failure point. me we f. These slag inclusions give it a "grain" like wood, and distinct look when etched. (reflexive pronoun) myself. As a result of this process, many strands of slag are mixed into the metal. (indirect object) to me, for me. This process gives rise to the name "wrought", as the iron was pounded, twisted, and folded. (direct object) me. The bloom was then mechanically worked to break off the masses of slag and impurities. me: accusative or dative singular form of iċ. In a bloomery, the fire does not get hot enough to melt the iron completely, so you are left with a spongy mass containing iron and silicates from the ore; this is iron bloom from which the technique gets its name. and. This way little carbon entered the iron directly. by me, with me, from me; ablative singular of ego. As the ore melted it would be reduced (ore is iron oxide, or rust), mixing with the charcoal to release carbon dioxide. me; accusative singular of ego. The heat produced would melt the ore. 芽: sprout. Air was blown onto the charcoal after lighting it on fire. 眼: eye. Bloomeries used charcoal-heated smelters, typically in the form of small pots or ladles, into which the ore was poured and then covered with a thin layer of charcoal. 目: eye, -th. Wrought iron was originally produced by a variety of methods today known as a bloomery. to me. Wrought iron has been used for thousands of years, and represents the "iron" that is referred to throughout history. I, me. When formed into bars, it is known as "bar iron". (indirect object) to me. However, it is too soft to make blades and swords. (direct object) me. It is tough, malleable, ductile and can be easily welded. (dialectal) myö. Wrought iron is a very pure form of commercial iron, having a very small carbon content. (dialectal) met. we. (indirect object) to me. (direct object) me. (music): An anglicised spelling of mi. I when used after a preposition or as the object of a verb.
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