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Whirlpool

Saltstraumen off Norway. Photo taken from road bridge 120 ft (~37 m) above the water; view nearly vertical. A whirlpool in a glass of water

A whirlpool is a large, swirling body of water produced by ocean tides. In popular imagination, but only rarely in reality, they can have the dangerous effect of destroying boats. In the 8th century, Paul the Deacon, who had lived among the Belgii, described tidal bores and the maelstrom for a Mediterranean audience, unused to such violent tidal surges:

The vast majority of whirlpools are not very powerful. More powerful ones are more properly termed maelstroms. Vortex is the proper term for any whirlpool that has a downdraft. (Technically, these approximate to a 'free vortex', in which the tangential velocity v increases as the centre line is approached, so that the angular momentum rv is constant).

Very small whirlpools can easily be seen when a bath or a sink is draining, but these are produced in a very different manner from those in nature. Smaller whirlpools also appear at the base of many waterfalls. In the case of powerful ones like Niagara Falls, these whirlpools can be quite potent.

The most powerful whirlpools are created in narrow shallow straits with fast flowing water. The Moskstraumen (also known as the Maelstrom) off the Lofoten islands in Norway is generally considered the world's most powerful whirlpool, but some claim the Old Sow is stronger. The Moskstraumen has been measured with a speed of the water current of up to 27.8 km/h, and the Old Sow has been measured with a speed of up to 27.7 km/h . The third strongest, Naruto whirlpool, has a speed of 20 km/h. Powerful whirlpools have killed unlucky seafarers, but their power tends to be exaggerated in fiction. There are virtually no stories of large ships ever being sucked into a whirlpool. Tales like those by Paul the Deacon, Jules Verne and Edgar Allan Poe are wholly made up.

Famous Whirlpools

  • Corryvreckan off the coast of Scotland
  • Moskstraumen (also known as the Maelstrom) off the coast of Norway
  • Saltstraumen in Norway
  • Old Sow between New Brunswick and Maine
  • Naruto whirlpool between Naruto in Tokushima and Awaji Island in Hyogo, Japan
  • Garofalo off the coast of Italy
  • Charybdis fictional from the Odyssey
  • the short lived whirlpool that sucked in Lake Peigneur in New Iberia, Louisiana after a drilling mishap.

The Icelandic Whirlpool is a massive flow of water that spins around Iceland and plays an important role in creating the climate of the North Atlantic.


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The Icelandic Whirlpool is a massive flow of water that spins around Iceland and plays an important role in creating the climate of the North Atlantic. Tales like those by Paul the Deacon, Jules Verne and Edgar Allan Poe are wholly made up. There are virtually no stories of large ships ever being sucked into a whirlpool. Powerful whirlpools have killed unlucky seafarers, but their power tends to be exaggerated in fiction.

The third strongest, Naruto whirlpool, has a speed of 20 km/h. The Moskstraumen has been measured with a speed of the water current of up to 27.8 km/h, and the Old Sow has been measured with a speed of up to 27.7 km/h . The Moskstraumen (also known as the Maelstrom) off the Lofoten islands in Norway is generally considered the world's most powerful whirlpool, but some claim the Old Sow is stronger. The most powerful whirlpools are created in narrow shallow straits with fast flowing water.

In the case of powerful ones like Niagara Falls, these whirlpools can be quite potent. Smaller whirlpools also appear at the base of many waterfalls. Very small whirlpools can easily be seen when a bath or a sink is draining, but these are produced in a very different manner from those in nature. (Technically, these approximate to a 'free vortex', in which the tangential velocity v increases as the centre line is approached, so that the angular momentum rv is constant).

Vortex is the proper term for any whirlpool that has a downdraft. More powerful ones are more properly termed maelstroms. The vast majority of whirlpools are not very powerful. In the 8th century, Paul the Deacon, who had lived among the Belgii, described tidal bores and the maelstrom for a Mediterranean audience, unused to such violent tidal surges:.

In popular imagination, but only rarely in reality, they can have the dangerous effect of destroying boats. A whirlpool is a large, swirling body of water produced by ocean tides. the short lived whirlpool that sucked in Lake Peigneur in New Iberia, Louisiana after a drilling mishap. Charybdis fictional from the Odyssey.

Garofalo off the coast of Italy. Naruto whirlpool between Naruto in Tokushima and Awaji Island in Hyogo, Japan. Old Sow between New Brunswick and Maine. Saltstraumen in Norway.

Moskstraumen (also known as the Maelstrom) off the coast of Norway. Corryvreckan off the coast of Scotland.