Vasco da Gama

In 1998, the observation of the 500th anniversary of da Gama's arrival in India caused controversy, with some in India reluctant to celebrate an event they feel had a substantially negative impact on their history.[3]. He became only the 13th African-American pitcher to win 20 games in a season, joining the "Black Aces." He was also the first African-American pitcher to win 20 games since Dave Stewart won 22 in 1990. The port of Vasco da Gama in Old Goa in India is named for him. Willis gave up only one run in six innings in the start. Following da Gama's initial voyage, the Portugese crown realized securing outposts on the eastern coast of Africa would prove vital to maintaining their trade routes to the Far East. On Wednesday, September 14, 2005, Willis became the first Marlin to win 20 games in a season with a 12-1 defeat of the Washinton Nationals. The Portuguese "national epic", the Lusíadas of Luís Vaz de Camões largely concerns Vasco da Gama's voyages. With that win, Willis passed Carl Pavano's franchise record for win in a season, established in 2004, where he won 18 games.

Besides the first voyage itself, it was his astute mix of politics and war on the other side of the world that placed Portugal in a prominent position in the Indian Ocean trade. On Friday, September 8, 2005, Willis pitched 8.1 innings against the New York Mets, giving up two runs and seven hits to earn his 19th win of the season. As much as anyone after Henry the Navigator, da Gama was responsible for Portugal's success as an early colonizing power. Willis has been selected for the National League All-Star team in 2003 and 2005. Da Gama and his wife, Caterina de Ataíde, had six sons and one daughter: Francisco da Gama, Conde da Vidigueira; Estevão da Gama; Paulo da Gama; Christovão da Gama; Pedro da Silva da Gama; Alvaro de Athaide; and Isabel de Athaide da Gama. He went 14-6 with a 3.30 ERA in 27 starts.
. In 2003, Willis was named the National League Rookie Of The Year.

The convent of the Hieronymites in Belém was erected in honor of his voyage to India. On March 27, 2002, the Chicago Cubs traded Willis (then a minor leaguer) and fellow pitchers Julián Tavarez and José Cueto, and catcher Ryan Jorgensen to the Florida Marlins, in exchange for pitchers Matt Clement and Antonio Alfonseca. Francis Church, Fort Kochi, Kochi, India, then later his remains were returned to Portugal in 1539 and re-interred in Vidigueira in a splendid tomb. He bats and throws left handed, and he is considered one of the best hitting pitchers in the majors. His body was first buried at St. Willis attended Encinal High School in Alameda, California, where he played baseball for four years. The intention was that he was to replace the incompetent Eduardo de Menezes as viceroy of the Portuguese possessions, but he died not long after arriving in Calicut. He is known for his very exaggerated, high leg kick in his pitch delivery, a trait which has drawn comparisons to Hall of Famer Juan Marichal.

Having acquired a fearsome reputation as a "fixer" of problems that arose in India, he was sent to the subcontinent once more in 1524. Dontrelle Wayne Willis (born January 12, 1982 in Oakland, California), popularly known as "D-Train," is a Major League Baseball starting pitcher for the Florida Marlins who made his debut in 2003 and went on to win the 2003 World Series. He was also awarded the feudal rights and jurisdiction over Vidigueira and Villa dos Frades. Returning to Portugal, he was made Count of Vidigueira out of lands that had previously belonged to the future royal Bragança family. In return for peace, he received valuable trade concessions and a vast quantity of plunder that put him in extremely good favor with the Portuguese crown.

Da Gama assaulted and exacted tribute from the East African Arabian port of Kilwa, which had been one of those involved with frustrating the Portuguese; he played privateer amongst Arab merchant ships; and then finally smashed a Calicut fleet of twenty-nine ships and essentially conquered that port city. It took four days for the ship to sink, killing all men, women, and children.[2]. In one instance, da Gama waited for a ship to return from Mecca, and seized all the merchandise; they then locked the 380 passengers in the hold and set the ship on fire. Pedro Álvares Cabral had been sent out two years earlier (on which voyage he incidentally discovered Brazil, though some claim this it was intentional) and found that those at the trading post had been murdered, encountered further resistance and bombarded Calicut.

On February 12, 1502 da Gama sailed again with a fleet of twenty warships to enforce Portuguese interests. Da Gama's voyage had made it clear that the farther coast of Africa, the Contra Costa, was essential to Portuguese interests: its ports provided fresh water and provisions, timber and harbors for repairs and to wait out unfavorable seasons. He also was awarded the title Dom (count) by Manuel I. He was given the title "Admiral of the Indian Ocean" and the feudal rights over Sines were confirmed.

Paulo da Gama died in the Azores on the homeward voyage, but upon Vasco da Gama's return to Portugal in September 1499 he was richly rewarded as the man who had brought to fruition a plan that had taken eighty years. Da Gama kept his goods, but left behind a few Portuguese with orders to start a trading post. Eventually da Gama was able to gain an ambiguous letter of concession for trading rights, but had to sail off without warning after the Zamorin insisted on his leaving behind all his goods as collateral. Sometimes violent negotiations with the local ruler (the Samoothiri Raja, usually anglicized as Zamorin) ensued in the teeth of resistance from Arab merchants.

They arrived on May 20, 1498. They contracted the services of Ibn Majid, a Gujarati pilot whose knowledge of the monsoon winds allowed him to bring the expedition the rest of the way to Calicut (modern Kozhikode) on the southwest coast of India. Da Gama continuted north, landing at the more friendly port of Malindi, whose leaders were in conflict with those of Mombasa, and there the expedition first noted evidence of Hindu traders. The Portugese became the first known Europeans to visit the port of Mombasa but met with hostility and soon departed.

In the vicinity of modern Kenya, the expedition resorted to piracy, looting Arab merchant ships, generally unarmed trading vessels that lacked heavy cannon. Forced to leave Mozambique by a hostile crowd, da Gama departed the harbor, firing his cannon into the city in retaliation.[1]. With the paltry trade goods he had to offer, da Gama was unable to provide a suitable gift to the ruler, and soon the local populace began to see through the subterfuge of da Gama and his men. Fearing that the local population would be hostile to Christians, da Gama impersonated a Muslim and gained an audience with the Sultan of Mozambique.

By January they had reached modern-day Mozambique, Arab-controlled territory on the East African coast that was part of the Indian Ocean's network of trade. With Christmas pending, they gave the coast they were passing the name Natal (Christmas in Portuguese), which it retains to this day. By December 16 they had passed the White River where Diaz had turned back and continued on into waters unknown to Europeans. Its ships were:.

On July 8, 1497 the fleet, consisting of four ships, left Lisbon. Vasco was then given the job by Manuel I on the strength of his record protecting Portuguese trading stations along the Gold Coast from depredations by the French. The task of completing a journey from Portugal to India around the Cape was originally given to Da Gama's father, Estevão da Gama, Alcaide of Sines, but he died before he could begin. It remained for an explorer to link the findings of Dias with those of da Covilhã and de Paiva, connecting these separate segments of a potentially lucrative trade route into the Indian Ocean.

Concurrent land exploration during the reign of João II of Portugal, who send Pêro da Covilhã and Afonso de Paiva via Barcelona, Naples, and Rhodes, into Alexandria and from there Aden, Hormuz, and to India, supported the theory that India was reachable by sea from the Atlantic Ocean. Bartolomeu Dias had returned from rounding the Cape of Good Hope and exploring as far as the Fish River (Rio do Infante) in modern-day South Africa, and verified that the unknown coast stretched away to the northeast. By the time da Gama was 10 years old these long-term plans were coming to fruition. From the 1460s, the goal had become one of rounding that continent's southern extremity and gaining easier access to the riches of India (mainly black pepper and other spices) through a reliable sea route instead of the costly and unsafe overland route.

From the early 15th century, the nautical school of Henry the Navigator had been extending Portuguese knowledge of the coast of Africa. His father died in July 1497 and command of the ship was given to Vasco. Vasco's career began after his father was chosen to lead an expedition to the open sea routes in Asia to outflank Muslims who at the time had a monopoly on the trade with India and other eastern nations. However he would transfer to the Order of Christ in 1507 which was under the governership of King Manuel I.

James along with some of his brothers. By 1488 it is believed that Vasco was admitted into the order of St. Vasco's mother was of English origins, and had links to the household of Dom Diogo, the Duke of Viseu (son of King Edward I) and governor of the military Order of Christ. James.

His father was the governor of Sines and a member of the Household of Prince Dom Fernando, a master of the Order of St. Da Gama was born in 1469 at Sines into a noble family. . Nevertheless, da Gama's initial journey led directly to a several-hundred year era of European domination of sea power and commerce, and 450 years of Portugese colonialism in India, while bringing wealth and power to the Portugese throne.

Da Gama's voyage, while successful in establishing a sea route from Europe to India that would permit trade with the Far East without the use of costly and unsafe Silk Road caravan routes dominated by Muslims in the Middle East and Asia, was hampered by a failure to bring any trade goods of interest to the nations of Asia Minor and India, and was fraught with peril: only fifty-four of his 170 voyagers, and two of four ships, returned to Portugal in 1499. Commissioned by King Manuel I of Portugal to find Christian lands in the East (the King, like many Europeans, being under the impression that India was the legendary Christian Kingdom of Prester John), and to gain Portugese access to the commercial markets of the Orient, da Gama extended the sea route exploration of his predecessor Bartolomeu Dias, who had first rounded Africa's Cape of Good Hope in 1487, culminating a generation of Portugese sea exploration fostered by the nautical school of Henry the Navigator. 1469 at Sines, Alentejo, Portugal - December 24, 1524 in Cochin, India) was a Portuguese explorer, one of the most successful in the European Age of Discovery, and the first person to sail directly from Europe to India. Vasco da Gama (c.

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Please help improve it to featured article standard. da Gama web tutorial with animated maps. English translation of da Gamas Round Africa to India. DuPont.

ISBN 0465037186 — The history of the explosive that changed the world from Vasco da Gama to E.I. Gunpowder: Alchemy, Bombards, & Pyrotechnics. Kelly, Jack (2004). A storage ship of unknown name.

The caravel Berrio, slightly smaller than the former two. The São Rafael, whose commander was his brother Paulo da Gama; similar dimensions to the São Gabriel. The São Gabriel, commanded by Vasco da Gama; a carrack of 178 tons, length 27 meters, width 8.5 meters, draft 2.3 meters, sails of 372 m², 150 crew.