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Unimog

Unimog

The Unimog (from the German "UNIversal-MOtor-Gerät", meaning "universal motor machine/equipment") is a series of trucks from Daimler-Benz designed shortly after WWII, originally to be used as slow-moving tractors for Germany's turnip harvest.

They feature very high ground clearance — greater than the Humvee — made possible by portal gears that allow the axles and transmission to be higher than the tires' centers. Unimogs also feature a flexible frame that allows the tires a wide range of vertical movement to allow the truck to comfortably drive over extremely uneven terrain, even meter-high boulders.

Unimogs have been used by many different militaries, including the German and Swiss armies. They are also used extensively by the South African National Defence Force and the New Zealand Army.

One of the more popular Unimog models with the largest single design production run is the Unimog 404, produced in troop carrier and radio box variants and powered by a 2 liter waterproofed Mercedes-Benz petrol engine that produced as much as 80 horsepower (60 kW) in the most common versions of this model.

All other Unimog models are driven by a diesel powerplant varying from 80 horsepower to upwards of 280 horsepower (205 kW). New Unimogs can be purchased on all major continents, however North American models are officially limited to the UGN series sold through Freightliner dealerships.

Specifications (Unimog 404)

  • introduced: 1955
  • discontinued: 1980
  • width: 2130 mm (84 in)
  • length: 4900 mm
  • height: 2190 mm (86 in), cab height: 1600 mm (63 in)
  • cargo bed: 3000 by 2000 mm (118 by 78 in), 2130 by 2080 mm (84 by 82 in) with double-cab
  • wheelbase: 2900 mm (114 in)
  • turning radius: 13 m (42.6 ft)
  • empty weight: 2900 kg (6390 lb)
  • gross weight: 4400 kg (9700 lb)
  • tires: 10.5 x 20 (DOT)
  • fuel: 2 x 60 litre (15.9 US gal)
  • ground clearance: 400 mm (15.7 in)
  • fording (w/o equipment): 800 mm (31.5 in)
  • traverse angle
    • on a side slope: 42 degrees
    • approach: 45 degrees
    • departure: 46 degrees
  • climb: 70% grade
  • descent: 90% grade
  • average fuel consumption (gasoline): 10–14 mpg (US) (24–17 L/100 km)
  • engine: 2.2 litre straight 6 SOHC (Mercedes Benz M180) 80 HP (60 kW)
    • Shielded Distributor Ignition, 24 Volt Electrical System
    • 2 Barrel Zenith NDIX-32 Carbeurator
  • transmission gearing
    • forward: 14.93/8.23/4.47/2.46/1.52/1.0
    • reverse: 20.12/11.09

Specifications Unimog U5000 BM436.430 (Short Wheel Base Single Cab)

  • introduced: 2002
  • discontinued: In Production
  • width: 2474 mm
  • track width: 1920 mm
  • length: 5410 mm
  • height: 2740 mm
  • wheelbase: 2336 mm
  • turning radius: 14.5 m
  • empty weight: 4,300 kg
  • gross weight: 11,800 kg
  • tires: 365/85 R 20.5
  • fuel: 145 litres
  • ground clearance: 476 mm (varies with tyre)
  • fording 800 mm (standard)
    • 1200 mm (optional equipment)
  • traverse angle: not published
    • on a side slope: not published
    • approach: 44 degrees
    • departure: 53 degrees
  • climb: not published
  • descent: not published
  • average fuel consumption (diesel): not published
  • engine: 4.8 litre straight 4 Turbocharged OM924LA 218 HP (160 kW)
    • Electronic Speed governor
  • transmission gearing
    • forward: 9.570/6.635/4.375/3.219/2.188/1.517/1.000/0.736
    • reverse: 14.569/10.101/6.660/4.900/3.330/2.309/1.522/1.120
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New Unimogs can be purchased on all major continents, however North American models are officially limited to the UGN series sold through Freightliner dealerships. Fingerpainting originated in China with watercolor paints. All other Unimog models are driven by a diesel powerplant varying from 80 horsepower to upwards of 280 horsepower (205 kW). Watercolor proponents prize it as a studio medium for its lack of odor and ease of cleanup, and also as a plein air medium for its portability and quick drying. One of the more popular Unimog models with the largest single design production run is the Unimog 404, produced in troop carrier and radio box variants and powered by a 2 liter waterproofed Mercedes-Benz petrol engine that produced as much as 80 horsepower (60 kW) in the most common versions of this model. (Kandinsky produced the first non-objective abstract paintings in transparent watercolor around 1913). They are also used extensively by the South African National Defence Force and the New Zealand Army. The medium is effective in portraiture, figurative art, photorealism, and abstract work, both objective and non-objective.

Unimogs have been used by many different militaries, including the German and Swiss armies. Maintaining a high quality of value differences and color clarity are typically the most difficult properties to achieve and maintain. Unimogs also feature a flexible frame that allows the tires a wide range of vertical movement to allow the truck to comfortably drive over extremely uneven terrain, even meter-high boulders. Watercolor techniques have the reputation of being quite demanding, although they are actually no more demanding than those used with other media. They feature very high ground clearance — greater than the Humvee — made possible by portal gears that allow the axles and transmission to be higher than the tires' centers. Opaque paint is seldom used for whites or to overpaint. The Unimog (from the German "UNIversal-MOtor-Gerät", meaning "universal motor machine/equipment") is a series of trucks from Daimler-Benz designed shortly after WWII, originally to be used as slow-moving tractors for Germany's turnip harvest. According to a tradition, dating from at least the early 20th century, the white of the paper is the only white used in transparent watercolor.

reverse: 14.569/10.101/6.660/4.900/3.330/2.309/1.522/1.120. This transparency provides watercolor its characteristics of brightness, sparkle, freshness, and clarity of color since light has passed through the film of paint and is reflected back to the viewer through the film. forward: 9.570/6.635/4.375/3.219/2.188/1.517/1.000/0.736. The paint is thinned before application to allow for lighter areas within the painting. transmission gearing

    . Traditionally, watercolor paint is applied with brushes, but it may be applied with other implements in experimental approaches or mixed with other materials (usually acrylic or collage). Electronic Speed governor. Oil of clove is used to prevent mold.

    engine: 4.8 litre straight 4 Turbocharged OM924LA 218 HP (160 kW)

      . Unpigmented filler is added to gouache to lend opacity to the paint. average fuel consumption (diesel): not published. Watercolor paint is made of finely-ground pigment or dye mixed with gum arabic for body, and glycerin or honey for viscosity and to bond the colorant to the painting surface. descent: not published. The term watercolor most often to refers to traditional transparent watercolor or gouache (an opaque form of the same paint). climb: not published. The broader term for water-based painting media is watermedia.

      departure: 53 degrees. In 18th century Britain, Paul Sandby (1725–1809) was called the father of British watercolor. approach: 44 degrees. Other famous artists have used watercolor painting to supplement their work with oil paint, including van Dyck (1599-1641), Thomas Gainsborough (1727-1788), and John Constable (1776-1837). on a side slope: not published. The first school of watercolor painting in Europe was led by Hans Bol (1534-1593) and was much influenced by Dürer's creations. traverse angle: not published

        . In Germany, Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) painted watercolors in the 15th century.

        1200 mm (optional equipment). The earliest known use of European watercolor painting is by Italian Renaissance painter Raffaello Santi (1483-1520), who painted full-scale cartoons as precursors for tapestry designs. fording 800 mm (standard)

          . One well-known example of buon fresco is the Sistine Chapel, begun in 1508 and completed in 1514. ground clearance: 476 mm (varies with tyre). The forerunner of watercolor painting in Europe was buon fresco painting — wall-painting using pigments in a water medium on wet plaster. fuel: 145 litres. Some of the oldest paper manufactures include Fabriano, Italy, opened in 1276, and Arches, France, opened in 1492.

          tires: 365/85 R 20.5. In the 12th century the conquering Moors introduced papermaking to Spain and the technology spread to Italy decades later. gross weight: 11,800 kg. Watercolor painting began with the invention of paper in China shortly after 100 AD. empty weight: 4,300 kg. . turning radius: 14.5 m. Others include papyrus, bark papers, plastics, leather, fabric, wood, and canvas.

          wheelbase: 2336 mm. Although the grounds used in watercolor painting vary, the most common is paper. height: 2740 mm. Watercolor is a painting technique using paint made of colorants suspended or dissolved in water. length: 5410 mm. track width: 1920 mm.

          width: 2474 mm. discontinued: In Production. introduced: 2002. reverse: 20.12/11.09.

          forward: 14.93/8.23/4.47/2.46/1.52/1.0. transmission gearing

            . 2 Barrel Zenith NDIX-32 Carbeurator. Shielded Distributor Ignition, 24 Volt Electrical System.

            engine: 2.2 litre straight 6 SOHC (Mercedes Benz M180) 80 HP (60 kW)

              . average fuel consumption (gasoline): 10–14 mpg (US) (24–17 L/100 km). descent: 90% grade. climb: 70% grade.

              departure: 46 degrees. approach: 45 degrees. on a side slope: 42 degrees. traverse angle

                .

                fording (w/o equipment): 800 mm (31.5 in). ground clearance: 400 mm (15.7 in). fuel: 2 x 60 litre (15.9 US gal). tires: 10.5 x 20 (DOT).

                gross weight: 4400 kg (9700 lb). empty weight: 2900 kg (6390 lb). turning radius: 13 m (42.6 ft). wheelbase: 2900 mm (114 in).

                cargo bed: 3000 by 2000 mm (118 by 78 in), 2130 by 2080 mm (84 by 82 in) with double-cab. height: 2190 mm (86 in), cab height: 1600 mm (63 in). length: 4900 mm. width: 2130 mm (84 in).

                discontinued: 1980. introduced: 1955.