This page will contain discussion groups about US Army, as they become available.United States Army(Redirected from US Army)The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. As of fiscal year 2002 (FY02), it consisted of 480,000 soldiers on active duty and 555,000 in reserve (350,000 in the Army National Guard (ARNG) and 205,000 in the Army Reserve (USAR). The Army was formed on June 14, 1775, before the establishment of the United States, to meet the demands of the American Revolutionary War. Components of the U.S. Army |
Prior to 1918, the Army was a single entity known as the "United States Army". During the First World War, the "National Army" was founded to fight the conflict. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "Regular Army" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed.
In 1941, the "Army of the United States" was founded to fight the Second World War. The Regular Army, Army of the United States, and Officer/Enlisted Reserve Corps (ORC and ERC) existed simultaneously giving rise to the first concept of Army components. After World War II, the ORC and ERC were combined into the United States Army Reserve. The Army of the United States continued throughout the Korean War and Vietnam War and was discontinued upon the abolishment of the draft.
In the modern age, the Army is divided into the Regular Army and the Army Reserve. The United States National Guard is an armed force under the command of state governments. Prior to the 21st century, members of the National Guard were considered state employees only unless federalized by the Army in which case National Guard members became members of the Army Reserve. In the modern age, all National Guard members hold dual status: as Guardsmen under the authority of the State Adjutant General, and as Army Reservists under the authority of the Army Human Resources Command.
Various State Defense Forces also exist, sometimes known as State Militias, which are sponsered by individual state governments and serve as an auxiliary to the National Guard. Except in times of extreme national emergency, such as a mainland invasion of the United States, State Militias are operated independently from the U.S. Army and are seen as state government agencies rather than a component of the military.
By design, the use of the Army Reserve and National Guard has increased since the Vietnam War. Reserve and Guard units took part in the Gulf War, peacekeeping in Kosovo, and the 2003 invasion of Iraq. With recent manpower shortages in the military, some U.S. citizens have been concerned regarding a reinstution of the draft (conscription) force. Federal and state lawmakers, however, have asserted that no such action is being planned.
Although the present day Army exists as an all volunteer force, augmented by Reserve and National Guard forces, measures exist for emergency expansion in the event of a catestrophic occurrence, such as a large scale attack against the US or the outbreak of a major global war. The current "call-up" order of the United States Army is as follows:
The final stage of Army mobilization, known as "activiation of the unorganized militia" would effectively place all able bodied males in the service of the U.S. Army. The last time an approximation of this occurred was during the American Civil War when the Confederate States of America activated the "Home Guard" in 1865, drafting all males, regardless of age or health, into the Confederate Army. A similar event, albeit in a foriegn country, occurred during World War II when Nazi Germany activiated the Volkssturm in April and May of 1945.
Officially, a member of the U.S. Army is called a Soldier (always capitalized). The U.S. Army is divided into the following components, from largest to smallest:
U.S. Generals, World War II, Europe:The Army is organized by function. Combat Arms include Infantry, Armor, Field Artillery, Air defense artillery, Army Corps of Engineers, Army Aviation, and Special Forces. Combat Support Arms include Signal Corps, Intelligence Corps, Chemical Corps, and Military Police Corps. Combat Service Support troops include the Judge Advocate General's Corps, Adjutant General's Corps, Finance Corps, Transportation Corps, Quartermaster Corps, Ordnance Corps, Medical Corps, Medical Service Corps, and Nurse Corps.
See also U.S. Army officer rank insignia.
Comparison of ranking structure available at Ranks and Insignia of NATO.
The Officer Corps provides leadership and managerial functions, and is composed of
There are several sources of commissioned officers:
Officers receive a commission assigning them to the Officer Corps from the President. All newly commissioned officers receive a commission as a reserve officer. Upon attaining the rank of Major, they can be appointed into the Regular Army by the President with the advice and consent of the United States Senate [1] (http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/10/531.html). Commissioned officers are assigned to a branch of service until they reach the rank of Brigadier General, where it is assumed that they are competent to command soldiers of all branches.
Once commissioned, an officer attends several levels of professional education, starting with branch qualification in their respective branch and concluding in Command and General Staff College at Fort_Leavenworth, Kansas. Professional education is required for promotion at certain grades.
The Warrant Officer is a single track specialty officer. Initially appointed an officer by the Secretary of the Army via a warrant, he/she is commissioned by the President upon promotion to the rank of Chief Warrant Officer Two (CW2). The warrant officer is managed as a company grade officer, but receives limited field grade privilege upon promotion to Chief Warrant Officer Four (CW4).
The primary source for Warrant Officers is the U.S. Army Warrant Officer Candidate School at Fort Rucker, Alabama.
The Non-Commissioned Officer Corps (or NCO Corps) is the first line of leadership for the enlisted members of the Army, and includes the ranks of
Training for NCOs takes place at any of the various NCO training centers around the world.
Until relatively recent history, most countries depended upon their officer corps to micromanage strategy, tactics and virtually every other aspect of military operations. Current military theory in the U.S. and UK has begun to emphasize the "strategic corporal," recognizing that combat decision-making by NCOs is potentially of vast importance.
The lowest enlisted ranks are:
Training for enlisted soldiers usually consists of Basic Training, and Advanced Individual Training in their primary Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) at any of the numerous MOS training facilities around the world.
All members of the Army must take an oath upon being sworn in as members, swearing (or affirming) to "protect the Constitution of the United States from all enemies, both foreign and domestic." This emphasis on the defense of the United States Constitution illustrates the concern of the framers that the military be subordinate to legitimate civilian authority.
The civilian executive is the Secretary of the Army who heads the United States Department of the
Army, formerly called the Secretary of War who headed the
United States Department of War or
the War Office for short, at the founding of the Republic.
The professional head of the United States Army is the Army Chief of Staff. This position is filled by a four star general who sits on the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. As with the other members of that committee, the Army Chief of Staff is not in the direct chain of command. His function is administrative and policy making. The current Army Chief of Staff is General Peter J. Schoomaker.
The most senior Army generals who are directly in the chain of command are those who head up the regional joint commands, known as the Combatent Commanders (COCOM's), around the world. An example is General John Abizaid, the commander of U.S. Central Command. Three star positions in the Army include some deputy commanders of the regional commands, heads of the army sections of those commands, and the general officers commanding of corps.
First Army "First In Deed" (Reserve)
Third Army: Army Central Command (ARCENT)
Fifth Army (Reserve)
Seventh Army: United States Army Europe
Eighth Army: Korea
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Eighth Army: Korea. 2004. Seventh Army: United States Army Europe. 2003. Fifth Army (Reserve). Sharapova studies via correspondence on the internet with the Keystone High School home schooling program and has a liking for sociology. Third Army: Army Central Command (ARCENT). By reaching her second Birmingham final in 2005, Sharapova has a 17-match winning streak on grass (dating back to June 2004). First Army "First In Deed" (Reserve). However, Sharapova, Bollettieri, and Kournikova all reject the comparison. Three star positions in the Army include some deputy commanders of the regional commands, heads of the army sections of those commands, and the general officers commanding of corps. She is often compared to Anna Kournikova, also a Russian Bollettieri student and model. Central Command. However, she says she does not want to overdo these activities, preferring to focus on her tennis. An example is General John Abizaid, the commander of U.S. She enjoys fashion and is known to read celebrity magazines. The most senior Army generals who are directly in the chain of command are those who head up the regional joint commands, known as the Combatent Commanders (COCOM's), around the world. A 6 foot blonde, Sharapova is regarded by many as possessing a natural beauty and figure and has done some modeling, having signed a contract in November 2003 with IMG Models. Schoomaker. In the process she also became the first Russian ever to win that tournament. The current Army Chief of Staff is General Peter J. In 2004, Sharapova became the second youngest Wimbledon women's champion in the Open Era (after Martina Hingis) by defeating defending two-time champion Serena Williams in straight sets (6-1, 6-4). His function is administrative and policy making. At age five or six, at a tennis clinic in Moscow, Sharapova was spotted by Martina Navratilova, who urged her parents to get her serious coaching in the United States. As with the other members of that committee, the Army Chief of Staff
is not in the direct chain of command. At the age of three, Sharapova moved with her family to the resort town of Sochi, beginning to play tennis at the age of four, using a racquet given to her by Yevgeny Kafelnikov's
father. This position is filled by a four star general who sits on the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. Sharapova was born in Nyagan,
Siberia, the following year. The professional head of the United States Army is the Army
Chief of Staff. Her parents are originally from Gomel,
Belarus, but moved to Russia in
1986 in the aftermath of the Chernobyl nuclear accident. The civilian executive is the Secretary of the Army who heads the United States Department of the
Army, formerly called the Secretary of War who headed the
United States Department of War or
the War Office for short, at the founding of the Republic. All members of the Army must take an oath upon being sworn in as members, swearing (or affirming) to "protect the Constitution of the United States from all enemies, both foreign and domestic." This emphasis on the defense of the United States Constitution illustrates the concern of the framers that the military be subordinate to legitimate civilian authority. 2005: Miami (lost to Kim Clijsters). Training for enlisted soldiers usually consists of Basic Training, and Advanced Individual Training in their primary Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) at any of the numerous MOS training facilities around the world. 2004: Zurich (lost to Alicia Molik). The lowest enlisted ranks are:. WTA Player Service. and UK has begun to emphasize the "strategic corporal," recognizing that combat decision-making by NCOs is potentially of vast importance. WTA Most Improved Player of the Year. Current military theory in the U.S. WTA Player of the Year. Until relatively recent history, most countries depended upon their officer corps to micromanage strategy, tactics and virtually every other aspect of military operations. WTA Newcomer of the Year. Training for NCOs takes place at any of the various NCO training centers around the world. The Non-Commissioned Officer Corps (or NCO Corps) is the first line of leadership for the enlisted members of the Army, and includes the ranks of. Army Warrant Officer Candidate School at Fort Rucker, Alabama. The primary source for Warrant Officers is the U.S. The warrant officer is managed as a company grade officer, but receives limited field grade privilege upon promotion to Chief Warrant Officer Four (CW4). Initially appointed an officer by the Secretary of the Army via a warrant, he/she is commissioned by the President upon promotion to the rank of Chief Warrant Officer Two (CW2). The Warrant Officer is a single track specialty officer. Professional education is required for promotion at certain grades. Once commissioned, an officer attends several levels of professional education, starting with branch qualification in their respective branch and concluding in Command and General Staff College at Fort_Leavenworth, Kansas. Commissioned officers are assigned to a branch of service until they reach the rank of Brigadier General, where it is assumed that they are competent to command soldiers of all branches. Upon attaining the rank of Major, they can be appointed into the Regular Army by the President with the advice and consent of the United States Senate [1] (http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/10/531.html). All newly commissioned officers receive a commission as a reserve officer. Officers receive a commission assigning them to the Officer Corps from the President. There are several sources of commissioned officers:. The Officer Corps provides leadership and managerial functions, and is composed of. Comparison of ranking structure available at Ranks and Insignia of NATO. Army officer rank insignia.. See also U.S.
The Army is organized by function. Army is divided into the following components, from largest to smallest:. The U.S. Army is called a Soldier (always capitalized). Officially, a member of the U.S. A similar event, albeit in a foriegn country, occurred during World War II when Nazi Germany activiated the Volkssturm in April and May of 1945. The last time an approximation of this occurred was during the American Civil War when the Confederate States of America activated the "Home Guard" in 1865, drafting all males, regardless of age or health, into the Confederate Army. Army. The final stage of Army mobilization, known as "activiation of the unorganized militia" would effectively place all able bodied males in the service of the U.S. The current "call-up" order of the United States Army is as follows:. Although the present day Army exists as an all volunteer force, augmented by Reserve and National Guard forces, measures exist for emergency expansion in the event of a catestrophic occurrence, such as a large scale attack against the US or the outbreak of a major global war. Federal and state lawmakers, however, have asserted that no such action is being planned. citizens have been concerned regarding a reinstution of the draft (conscription) force. With recent manpower shortages in the military, some U.S. Reserve and Guard units took part in the Gulf War, peacekeeping in Kosovo, and the 2003 invasion of Iraq. By design, the use of the Army Reserve and National Guard has increased since the Vietnam War. Army and are seen as state government agencies rather than a component of the military. Except in times of extreme national emergency, such as a mainland invasion of the United States, State Militias are operated independently from the U.S. Various State Defense Forces also exist, sometimes known as State Militias, which are sponsered by individual state governments and serve as an auxiliary to the National Guard. In the modern age, all National Guard members hold dual status: as Guardsmen under the authority of the State Adjutant General, and as Army Reservists under the authority of the Army Human Resources Command. Prior to the 21st century, members of the National Guard were considered state employees only unless federalized by the Army in which case National Guard members became members of the Army Reserve. The United States National Guard is an armed force under the command of state governments. In the modern age, the Army is divided into the Regular Army and the Army Reserve. After World War II, the ORC and ERC were combined into the United States Army Reserve. The Army of the United States continued throughout the Korean War and Vietnam War and was discontinued upon the abolishment of the draft. The Regular Army, Army of the United States, and Officer/Enlisted Reserve Corps (ORC and ERC) existed simultaneously giving rise to the first concept of Army components. In 1941, the "Army of the United States" was founded to fight the Second World War. During the First World War, the "National Army" was founded to fight the conflict. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the "Regular Army" with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed. Prior to 1918, the Army was a single entity known as the "United States Army". The Army was formed on June 14, 1775, before the establishment of the United States, to meet the demands of the American Revolutionary War. As of fiscal year 2002 (FY02), it consisted of 480,000 soldiers on active duty and 555,000 in reserve (350,000 in the Army National Guard (ARNG) and 205,000 in the Army Reserve (USAR). The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. Military badges of the United States. Awards and decorations of the United States military. A Specialist ranks below a corporal in terms of chain of command. and Specialist (SPC; pay grade E-4) (which is the same Enlisted Grade as Corporal, but which requires technical leadership skills, as opposed to the combat leadership skills required of corporal -a dark green patch with an eagle centered). Private First Class (PFC; pay grade E-3) (one stripe up and a curved stripe (a rocker below)),. Private Enlisted Grade 2 (PV2; pay grade E-2) (one chevron pointing up),. Private (PV1; pay grade E-1) (no rank insignia),. and Sergeant Major of the Army (of whom there is only one, and who advises the Chief of Staff of the Army on matters relating to enlisted personnel - three stripes up and three down with a centered eagle accompanied with two stars). Command Sergeant Major (CSM; pay grade E-9) (three stripes up and three down with a wreathed star in the center). Sergeant Major (SGM; pay grade E-9) (three stripes up and three down with a star in the center),. First Sergeant (1SG; pay grade E-8) (which holds the same enlisted pay grade as Master Sergeant, but which carries extra administrative duties - three stripes up and three down with a lozenge in the center),. Master Sergeant (MSG; pay grade E-8) (three stripes up and three down),. Sergeant First Class (SFC; pay grade E-7)(three stripes up and two down),. Staff Sergeant (SSG; pay grade E-6)(three stripes up and one down),. Sergeant (SGT; pay grade E-5)(three stripes up),. Corporal (CPL; pay grade E-4) (two stripes up),. Enlisted soldiers may also be battlefield commissioned for valor and leadership during actual combat, Audie Murphy received his commission in this manner. Lawyers, doctors, nurses, veterinarians, and chaplains may be directly commissioned into their respective corps. College graduates who underwent Army Reserve Officer Training Corps courses at a four-year university. Enlisted soldiers or College graduates who successfully pass Officer Candidate School (OCS). Graduates of other military academies of the United States may elect to be commissioned in the Army. The United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. Pershing. Held only by George Washington and John J. General of the Armies - No established insignia. After World War II a rank comprised of five stars in a pentagon. General of the Army - In the 19th century, a title held by the Commander of the Army. General (GEN; pay grade O-10) - four stars. Lieutenant General (LTG; pay grade O-9) - three stars,. Major General (MG; pay grade O-8) - two stars,. Brigadier General (BG; pay grade O-7) - one star,. and General officers
Lieutenant Colonel (LTC; pay grade O-5) - silver oak leaf,. Major (MAJ; pay grade O-4) - gold oak leaf,. Field Grade officers
First Lieutenant (1LT; pay grade O-2) - silver bar,. Second Lieutenant (2LT; pay grade O-1) - gold bar,. Company Grade officers
Fire team: Usually consists of four Soldiers: a fire team leader, a grenadier, and two riflemen. This unit consists of eight to ten Soldiers. Squad: Squad leaders are often Staff Sergeants/E-6 (SSG), Sergeants/E-5 (SGT), or Corporals/E-4 (CPL). Often used in conjunction with platoons at the company level. Section: Usually directed by Staff Sergeants/E-6 (SSG) who supply guidance for junior NCO Squad leaders. This unit consists of a Platoon Leader (2LT/1LT), a Platoon Sergeant (SFC), and two or more Squad Leaders (any NCO). Platoon: Usually led by a lieutenant supported by a Sergeant First Class/E-7 (SFC). This unit consists of a Company Commander (CO, CPT), a Company Executive Officer (XO,1LT), A First Sergeant(1SG) and a headquarters, Two or more Platoon Leaders (2LT/1LT), two or more Platoon Sergeants (SFC), and four or more Squad Leaders (any NCO). A company-sized unit is usually led by a Company Commander usually the rank of Captain/O-3 (CPT) supported by a First Sergeant/E-8 (1SG). Cavalry units are formed into troops. Company (or battery/troop): Artillery units are formed into batteries. This unit consists of a Battalion Commander (CO, LTC), a Battalion Executive Officer (XO,MAJ), a Command Sergeant Major (CSM) and headquarters, 3-5 Company Commanders (CPT), 3-5 Company Executive Officers (1LT), 3-5 First Sergeants (1SG) and headquarters, 6 or more Platoon Leaders (2LT/1LT), 6 or more Platoon sergeants (SFC),and 12 or more Squad Leaders (any NCO). A battalion-sized unit is commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel (LTC), supported by a Command Sergeant Major/E-9 (CSM). Cavalry units are formed into squadrons. Battalion (or squadron): Most units are organized into battalions. (See Regiment for combat arms units.). Brigade (or group): Composed of typically three or more battalions, and commanded by a Colonel (COL) or Brigadier General. Division: Usually commanded by a Major General (MG). The commander is most often a Lieutenant General (LTG). Corps: Consists of two or more divisions and organic support brigades. Field Army: Usually commanded by a General (GEN; note that abbreviations of military rank are given in all capital letters without a period or other punctuation). militia. Full scale mobilization of the unorganized U.S. Activation of the State Defense Forces/State Militias. Recall of previously discharged officers and enlisted who were separated under honorable conditions. Reestablishment of the draft and creation of a conscript force within the Regular Army. Recall of all retired personnel fit for military duty. Full scale activiation of all National Guard forces. Army Reserve total mobilization. Regular Army volunteer force. |