Toyota Supra

There is indication that Toyota will base the future Supra on the next generation Altezza, which will be powered by a Twin-Turbocharged V6 Engine, while other speculate that the future Supra will become the next flagship model for the company, knocking the Toyota Century off the flagship spot. [1], [2]. Toyota has hinted at a possible revival of the Supra in 2006/2007 pointing at different directions. This veil is never removed, even in front of family members. In 1998, Toyota ceased to export the cars from Japan, and they stopped production altogether in 2002 due to a decline in sales. Men begin wearing a veil at age 25 which conceals their entire face excluding their eyes. The stock engines are astonishingly tough, running 600bhp+ as daily drivers without having to uprate any internal components. The men's facial covering originates from the belief that such action wards off evil spirits, but most probably relates to protection against the harsh desert sands as well; in any event, it is a firmly established tradition.

MKIV Supras have been modified (larger turbos running 30+ psi of boost and other, undisclosed tweaks) to produce over 1200hp and run the 1/4 mile in 7.9 seconds. Among the Tuareg of West Africa, women do not traditionally wear the veil, while men do. For this generation, the Supra received a new 6-speed Getrag transmission on the Turbo models. Sexual interest in veiled women is veil fetishism. Most cars which are advertised as "twin turbo" operate by having the two equally sized turbos constantly running in parrallel; the turbos spool up at the same time. An example of the veil's erotic potential is the dance of the seven veils. This helped in reducing turbo lag. Here, rather than the virginity of the bride's veil, modesty of the Muslim scarf or the piety of the nun's headdress, the mysterious veil hints at sensuality and the unknown.

The way that the sequential mode operated was the first turbo starts spooling at low rpms & as the rpms increased, the second turbo joins in. Conversely, veils are often part of the stereotypical image of the courtesan and harem woman. The MKIV Supra's twin turbos actually operated in sequential mode instead of parrallel mode as the "twin turbo" name usually implies. Toward the end of the main temple ceremony, the congregation will each pass through the veil curtain into the Celestial Room through an elaborate series of rituals. The stock turbos are capable of running around 400bhp with an unrestricted airflow/exhaust system and an aftermarket boost controller (commonly known as a BPU setup). It often separates the temple congregation from the Celestial Room (most holy room of the temple). The turbocharged variant could achieve 0–60 in 4.6 seconds and 1/4 mile in just under 13.1 seconds at over 109 mph. Another type of veil in Mormonism is the veil of the temple, which is an actual cloth structure which is suspended from the ceiling.

The new Supra was redesigned from the ground up and featured two completely new engines: naturally aspirated 2JZ-GE 220hp and 210lb-ft of torque, or a twin turbocharged 2JZ-GTE making a whopping 320hp, 315 lb-ft of torque. Immediately prior to the closing and sealing of the casket, the veil is lowered over the face of the deceased. With the fourth generation of the Supra, Toyota took a big leap in the direction of a more super sports car. During the viewing of the body, the veil remains lifted up and on top of the head of the deceased. Some possible chassis codes are: MA70, MA71, JZA70, GA70. However, Mormons who have completed the temple rituals will be typically buried in this clothing. The 7M-GE MA70 is capable of propelling itself 0-60 in just over 6 seconds with 6.8 psi of boost. The veil is only lowered to cover the face of the woman during one part of the temple ritual and then is returned (thrown back over the top of the head).

By 1990, airbags became standard. This veil, along with the entire temple ritual clothing, is only worn inside the temple and is rarely seen. In 1986, Supras were already equipped with ABS, TEMS (Toyota Electronically Modulated Suspension). Mormon women also wear a veil as part of ritual temple clothing. The third-generation Supra represented a great deal of new technology. Brides used to wear their hair flowing down their back at their wedding to symbolise their virginity, now the white diaphanous veil is often said to represent this. The A70 Supra was also available in two non export models in Japan, the JZA70 with a 2.5L 280 hp (209 kW) twin-turbo 1JZ-GTE , and the GA70 with a 2.0L 210 hp (157 kW) twin-turbo 1G-GTE. An occasion on which a Western, non-Muslim woman is likely to wear a veil is on her wedding day, if she follows the traditions of a white wedding.

Other enhancements include higher boost (7.8psi), long lift cams, larger injectors, larger intercooler and a high flowed version of the CT26 turbocharger. It has been suggested that the practice of wearing a veil - uncommon among the Arab tribes prior to the rise of Islam - originated in the Byzantine Empire, and then spread among the Arabs. The Turbo-A model was only produced in black, all featured leather interiors, a front intercooler inlet, were hardtops and only used MAP engine sensors. The boushiya is a veil that may be worn over a headscarf, it covers the entire face and is made of a sheer fabric so the wearer is able to see through it. The Turbo-A was a special 7M-GTEU with 267 PS (263 hp/196 kW), making it the fastest Japanese road car until the Nissan Skyline R32-GTR was introduced. The Afghan burqa covers the entire body, obscuring the face completely, except for a grille or netting over the eyes to allow the wearer to see. There were only 500 Turbo-As ever made. The niqab and burqa are two kinds of veils that cover most of the face except for a slit or hole for the eyes.

In 1988 the Turbo-A model was introduced, it was a special design aimed at winning the Group-A touring car championships around the world. Many of these garments cover the hair, ears and throat, but do not cover the face (for example the dupatta, khimar and buknuk). During the 1989 year, the car received new tail lights, front bumper, badging and side trim amongst other features. A variety of headdresses worn by Muslim women in accordance with hijab (the principle of dressing modestly) are sometimes referred to as veils or headscarves. Both were available with an optional automatic transmission, the A340E. In Eastern Orthodoxy, a veil called an epanokamelavkion is used by both nuns and monks, the former using it to cover their necks and shoulders as well as their heads. The non-turbo 7M-GE models came standard with the W58 manual transmission, and the 7M-GTE came standard with the R154. In Western Christianity, it does not wrap around the neck or face.

Though the A60 (Mk II) and A70 (MK III) had similar designs, the engine was a more powerful version than the earlier 2.8 L and 3.0 L engine with two versions*: one with a CT-26 turbo (the 7M-GTE) and one without (the 7M-GE). The nun's veil covers the top of the head and flows down around and over the shoulders. The Celica changed to front wheel drive (FWD), while the Supra kept its rear wheel drive (RWD). A similar veil forms part of a nun's headdress; this is why a woman who becomes a nun can be said "to take the veil". The bonds between the Celica and the Supra were cut; now they were two completely different kind of models. Mantillas are still worn by Spanish women during religious ceremonies. In the middle of 1986, Toyota was ready to release its next version of the Supra. However, these veils are generally made of netting or another material not actually designed to hide the face from view, even if the veil can be pulled down, which is not always the case.

(After the body code L & R represented Left hand or Right hand Drive i.e., the MA61L is Left hand Drive, whereas the MA61R is Right hand Drive). Veils pinned to hats have survived the changing fashions of the centuries and are still common today on occasions when women wear hats. Some possible chassis codes are: MA60, MA61, MA63, MA67, GA60, GA61. More pragmatically, veils were also sometimes worn to protect the complexion from sun and wind damage (when un-tanned skin was fashionable), or to keep dust out of a woman's face. This engine was never available in the Mk 2, but was offered in the JDM-only Crown and Chaser models. They would also have been used, as an alternative to a mask, as a simple method of hiding the identity of a woman who was traveling to meet a lover, or doing anything she didn't want other people to find out about. A popular engine replacement for the Mk 2 is the 6M-GEU, which is a 190 hp (142 kW) 3.0 L version of the 5M-GE. Sometimes a veil of this type was draped over and pinned to the bonnet or hat of a woman in mourning, especially at the funeral and during the period of "high mourning".

These were just 1985 models with minor cosmetic changes, as well as the addition of the rear-mounted third brakelight on the hatch. For centuries, women have worn sheer veils, but only under certain circumstances. 1985 was the end of the Mk 2, but delays in the manufacture of the Mk 3 led to leftover 1985 Mk 2s being offered for sale in the first half of 1986. It was not until the Tudor period (1485), when hoods became increasingly popular, that veils of this type became less common. 1984 and 1985 US models had around 165 hp (123 kW) due to 9.2:1 compression vs the former 8.8:1. For many centuries (until around 1175) Anglo-Saxon and then Anglo-Norman women, with the exception of young unmarried girls, wore veils that entirely covered their hair, and often their necks up to their chins. Typically, non-US 5M-GE's made around 170 hp (127 kW), while the US-market version made around 145 hp (108 kW), since the exhaust system was more restrictive to comply with emissions requirements. .

Also in Japan, where the Mk 2 was badged the Celica XX, some came with the 2.0 L 1G-GEU, since taxes were less on lower-displacement engines. Veils are articles of clothing, worn almost exclusively by women, which cover some part of the head or face. Some models sent to countries (like Sweden, Switzerland and Australia) retained the Mk 1's 5M-E (In Australia, the only petrol available at that time was leaded), while in Japan the MK2 (MA-63) offered the option of the turbocharged SOHC M-TE engine or the 2 litre twin turbo 1G-GTE (GA61). Around the world, the Mk 2 came with a variety of other engines. As a complement to the superb engine, the Celica Supra's suspension was specially designed by Lotus.

The P-type came with 14X7 wheels and 225/60/14 tires, and the L-type came with 14x5.5 wheels and 195/70/14 tires. Both were offered with either the W58 manual 5-speed transmission or the A43DL (1982 only)/A43DE (1983-1986.5) 4-speed automatic transmission. Typically the P-type came with either 4.10:1 or 4.30:1 rear gearing, while the L-type came with 3.727:1 rear gearing. They were differentiated by the available options, tire/wheel combo, and body trim: the P-type had fiberglass fender flares over the wheel wells, while the L-type had simple smaller flares molded into the metal above the wheel wells.

The MK2 came in 2 flavors: the P-type (Performance type) and the L-type (Luxury type). In the US, the engine was changed from the SOHC 2.8 L 5M-E to the DOHC 2.8 L 5M-GE. It also made Car and Driver magazine's Ten Best list for 1983 and 1984. The Mk 2, with its all-new design, quickly became a success in the US where it was awarded the Import Car of the Year by Motor Trend.

Though the Celica name was still used, in its second generation the Supra stood more apart from the Celica. [3]. 1981 was the last year that a Celica Supra could be purchased equipped with an 8-track stereo. As with all subsequent versions of the Supra, the Mk 1 was equipped with either 5 speed manual (W50) or 4 speed automatic transmission, and it also came standard with 4-wheel disc brakes, but retained the T series solid rear axle configuration of the celica in the MA45 version and a larger F series (and optional LSD) In the MA46 and MA47.

It was also available in Japan with the 2.0 L M-EU engine MA45 chassis code) and possibly the M-TEU turbo.[2]. [1] In 1981, the Supra received the 2.8 L 5M-E, (MA47 Chassis code) making 116 hp (87 kW) and 145 ft·lbf (197 N·m) of torque. The 1979 (1978 Japan market) Mk 1 was originally equipped with a 110 hp (82 kW) single overhead cam inline-6 motor, the 2.6 L 4M-E (MA46 chassis code) (which was the first Toyota engine with electronic fuel injection). Toyota's original plan for the Supra at this time was to make it a competitor to the very popular Datsun (now Nissan) 240Z; it, in some degree, succeded.

Most importantly, the Celica's 4-cylinder engine was replaced by an inline 6. The first generation Supra was based largely upon the Toyota Celica liftback, but was longer by 5.1 inches (doors and rear section same length as celica but rear panels differ). . It bore the common chassis code of "A".

The Supra was built and designed on the legacy of Toyota's former super sports car, the 2000GT. Production began in 1979. The Toyota Supra was a sports car produced by Toyota.