This page will contain blogs about Thomas J. Watson, as they become available.Thomas J. WatsonThomas J. Watson, Sr. (February 17, 1874 – June 19, 1956) is considered to be the founder of International Business Machines (IBM). He was one of the richest men of his time and called the world's greatest salesman when he died. Thomas Watson, pictured in 1917, is considered the founder of IBM.Early life and careerWatson was born in Campbell, New York. His formal education consisted of only a course in the Elmira School of Commerce. His first job was at age 18 as a bookkeeper in Clarence Risley's Market in Painted Post, New York. Later he sold sewing machines and musical instruments before joining the National Cash Register Company (NCR) as a salesman in Buffalo. He eventually worked his way up to general sales manager. Bent on inspiring the dispirited NCR sales force, Watson introduced the motto, "THINK," which later became a widely known symbol of IBM. While at NCR, he was convicted for illegal anti-competitive sales practices (e.g. he used to have people sell deliberately faulty cash registers, either second-hand NCR or from competitors; soon after the second-hand NCR or competitors cash register failed, an NCR salesperson would arrive to sell them a brand new NCR cash register). He was sentenced, along with John H. Patterson (the owner of NCR), to one year of imprisonment. Their conviction was unpopular with the public, due to the efforts of Patterson and Watson to help those affected by the 1913 Dayton, Ohio floods, but efforts to have them pardoned by President Woodrow Wilson were unsuccessful. However, the Court of Appeals overturned the conviction on appeal in 1915, on the grounds that important defense evidence should have been admitted. Watson married Jeanette M. Kittredge on April 17, 1913. The couple had two sons and two daughters. Both sons followed him into the family business, rising to top executive positions at IBM. The older son, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., became head of IBM shortly before his father's death. The younger son, Arthur K. Watson, served as president of IBM World Trade Corp., the company's international operations. Head of IBMWatson became the president of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company on May 1, 1914. This was a company that had only been in existence for three years. When he took the job, the company had fewer than 400 employees. In 1924 the company took the name International Business Machines. Watson built IBM into such a powerful force that the federal government filed a civil antitrust suit against them in 1952. IBM owned more than 90 percent of all tabulating machines in the United States at the time. He considered an important part of his job to motivate the sales force. As part of this, he was famous for making his salespeople at both NCR and IBM attend sing-a-longs (see The IBM Songbook below). Throughout his life, Watson maintained a deep interest in international relations. He adopted for IBM the slogan, "World Peace Through World Trade," worked closely with the International Chamber of Commerce and in 1937 was elected its president. For many years Mr. Watson served as a trustee of Columbia University and Lafayette College. He was presented with honorary degrees by 27 colleges and universities in the United States and four abroad. This work, however, was not without controversy. In 1937, Watson received the Eagle with Star medal from German Chancellor Adolf Hitler, for the help that IBM subsidiary Dehomag and its Hollerith punchcard machines provided the Nazi regime for tabulating census data. After the outbreak of World War II, Watson returned the medal, and the German government took control of the Dehomag operation. Watson was named chairman of IBM in September 1949. A month before his death, Watson handed over the reins of the company to his older son, Thomas J. Watson, Jr. His other son, Arthur K. Watson, served as president of IBM World Trade Corp. He lived at 4 East Seventy-fifth Street in Manhattan at the time of his death. He is buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Sleepy Hollow, New York. Famous misquoteAlthough Watson is well known for his alleged 1943 statement: "I think there is a world market for maybe five computers," there is no evidence he ever made it. The author Kevin Maney tried to find the origin of the quote, but has been unable to locate any speeches or documents of Watson's that contain this, nor are the words present in any contemporary articles about IBM. The earliest known citation is from 1986 on Usenet in the signature of a poster from Convex Computer Corporation as "I think there is a world market for about five computers" --Remark attributed to Thomas J. Watson (Chairman of the Board of International Business Machines), 1943. However, in 1985 the story was discussed on Usenet (in net.misc), without Watson's name being attached. The original discussion has not survived, but an explanation has; it attributes a very similar quote to the Cambridge mathematician Professor Douglas Hartree, around 1951:
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The original discussion has not survived, but an explanation has; it attributes a very similar quote to the Cambridge mathematician Professor Douglas Hartree, around 1951:. The author Kevin Maney tried to find the origin of the quote, but has been unable to locate any speeches or documents of Watson's that contain this, nor are the words present in any contemporary articles about IBM. House of Representatives from Ohio from 1853 to 1857. Although Watson is well known for his alleged 1943 statement: "I think there is a world market for maybe five computers," there is no evidence he ever made it. Harrison's son, John Scott Harrison, was also elected to the U.S. He is buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Sleepy Hollow, New York. According to later legends, Harrison's death was brought about by a curse placed on him by Tecumseh in his dying breath. He lived at 4 East Seventy-fifth Street in Manhattan at the time of his death. John Tyler succeeded him shortly thereafter. Watson, served as president of IBM World Trade Corp. I ask nothing more." Harrison served the shortest term of any American president, a total of only 32 days and 12 hours and 30 minutes. His other son, Arthur K. I wish them carried out. Watson, Jr. His last words were "Sir, I wish you to understand the true principles of the government. A month before his death, Watson handed over the reins of the company to his older son, Thomas J. on April 4, 1841 of right lower lobe pneumonia, jaundice , and overwhelming septicemia, becoming the first American president to die in office. Watson was named chairman of IBM in September 1949. He passed away a month later at 12:30 a.m. After the outbreak of World War II, Watson returned the medal, and the German government took control of the Dehomag operation. But the treatments only made Harrison sicker and weaker until he went into delirium. In 1937, Watson received the Eagle with Star medal from German Chancellor Adolf Hitler, for the help that IBM subsidiary Dehomag and its Hollerith punchcard machines provided the Nazi regime for tabulating census data. His doctors tried everything to cure him, opium, castor oil, petroleum jelly, Virginia snakeweed, even actual snakes. This work, however, was not without controversy. He subsequently caught a cold, which developed into pneumonia and pleurisy. He was presented with honorary degrees by 27 colleges and universities in the United States and four abroad. Nevertheless, he faced the weather without his overcoat, delivering the longest inaugural address in American history, at nearly two hours (his friend and fellow Whig, Daniel Webster, had edited it for length). Watson served as a trustee of Columbia University and Lafayette College. He was to take the oath of office on March 4, 1841, an extremely cold and windy day. For many years Mr. As Harrison arrived in Washington he focused on showing that he was still the stalwart hero of Tippecanoe he had campaigned as. He adopted for IBM the slogan, "World Peace Through World Trade," worked closely with the International Chamber of Commerce and in 1937 was elected its president. Their campaign slogans of "Log Cabins and Hard Cider" and "Tippecanoe and Tyler too" are among the most famous in American politics. Throughout his life, Watson maintained a deep interest in international relations. His vice president was John Tyler, and their campaign was marked by exaggeration of both Harrison's military exploits and of his connections to the common man. As part of this, he was famous for making his salespeople at both NCR and IBM attend sing-a-longs (see The IBM Songbook below). He was the candidate again in the 1840 election, winning a landslide victory largely because of his heroic military record and the fact that the United States had suffered a severe economic downturn. He considered an important part of his job to motivate the sales force. Harrison was the Northern Whig candidate for President in 1836, but lost the election to Martin Van Buren. IBM owned more than 90 percent of all tabulating machines in the United States at the time. Harrison was a tall man, and when in Congress he was referred to by fellow westerners as a Buckeye, as were other tall pioneers on the Ohio frontier, as a term of endearment in respect of the Buckeye chestnut tree. Watson built IBM into such a powerful force that the federal government filed a civil antitrust suit against them in 1952. Senate, where he served until May 20, 1828, when he resigned to become Minister to Colombia from 1828 to 1829. In 1924 the company took the name International Business Machines. In 1824, he was elected to the U.S. When he took the job, the company had fewer than 400 employees. He was defeated as a candidate for governor of Ohio in 1820, but served in the Ohio State Senate from 1819 to 1821. This was a company that had only been in existence for three years. House of Representatives from Ohio, serving from October 8, 1816, to March 3, 1819. Watson became the president of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company on May 1, 1914. After the war, he was elected to various political offices, including the U.S. Watson, served as president of IBM World Trade Corp., the company's international operations. He won victories in Indiana and Ohio before invading Canada and crushing the British at the Battle of the Thames. The younger son, Arthur K. During the War of 1812, Harrison took command of the Army of the Northwest. Watson, Jr., became head of IBM shortly before his father's death. In 1811, Harrison was authorized to march against the confederacy, winning his famous victory at Prophetstown next to the Wabash and Tippecanoe Rivers. The older son, Thomas J. Tecumseh called upon Harrison to nullify the Treaty of Fort Wayne, warned against any whites moving onto the land, and continued to widen his Indian confederation (see "Tecumseh's War"). Both sons followed him into the family business, rising to top executive positions at IBM. expansion had been growing around the Shawnee brothers Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa ("The Prophet"). The couple had two sons and two daughters. An Indian resistance movement against U.S. Kittredge on April 17, 1913. Tensions, always high on the frontier, became much greater after the 1809 Treaty of Fort Wayne, in which Harrison secured the purchase of more than 2,500,000 acres (10,000 km²) of Indian land. Watson married Jeanette M. Harrison oversaw numerous treaties, purchasing much of present-day Indiana from Native American leaders. However, the Court of Appeals overturned the conviction on appeal in 1915, on the grounds that important defense evidence should have been admitted. A primary responsibility as territorial governor was to obtain title to Native American lands so that white settlement could expand in the area. Their conviction was unpopular with the public, due to the efforts of Patterson and Watson to help those affected by the 1913 Dayton, Ohio floods, but efforts to have them pardoned by President Woodrow Wilson were unsuccessful. Harrison resigned from Congress to become governor of the newly formed Indiana Territory, a post he held for twelve years, until 1813. Patterson (the owner of NCR), to one year of imprisonment. As delegate, he successfully promoted the passage of the Harrison Land Act, which made it easier for people to purchase land for settlement in the Northwest Territory. He was sentenced, along with John H. In 1799, Harrison was elected as the first delegate representing the Northwest Territory in the Sixth United States Congress, serving from March 4, 1799, to May 14, 1800. he used to have people sell deliberately faulty cash registers, either second-hand NCR or from competitors; soon after the second-hand NCR or competitors cash register failed, an NCR salesperson would arrive to sell them a brand new NCR cash register). Clair was absent. While at NCR, he was convicted for illegal anti-competitive sales practices (e.g. Harrison resigned from the Army in 1798 to become Secretary of the Northwest Territory, and acted as governor when Governor Arthur St. Bent on inspiring the dispirited NCR sales force, Watson introduced the motto, "THINK," which later became a widely known symbol of IBM. Lieutenant Harrison was one of the signers of the Treaty of Greenville in 1795, which opened much of present-day Ohio to settlement by white Americans. He eventually worked his way up to general sales manager. Harrison participated in Wayne's decisive victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794, which brought the Northwest Indian War to a close. Later he sold sewing machines and musical instruments before joining the National Cash Register Company (NCR) as a salesman in Buffalo. Harrison served as aide-de-camp to General "Mad Anthony" Wayne, from whom he learned how to successfully command an army on the American frontier. His first job was at age 18 as a bookkeeper in Clarence Risley's Market in Painted Post, New York. He was sent to the Northwest Territory, where he spent much of his life. His formal education consisted of only a course in the Elmira School of Commerce. Army. Watson was born in Campbell, New York. His father's death in 1791 left Harrison without money for further schooling and so, at the age of 18, he was commissioned as an ensign in the U.S. . Harrison briefly attended several colleges, including Hampden-Sydney College, with the intention of becoming a physician. He was one of the richest men of his time and called the world's greatest salesman when he died. William Henry Harrison's brother, Carter Bassett Harrison, later became a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Virginia. Watson, Sr. (February 17, 1874 – June 19, 1956) is considered to be the founder of International Business Machines (IBM). His father was a Virginia planter who served as a delegate to the Continental Congress (1774–1777), signed the Declaration of Independence (1776), and was Governor of Virginia (1781–1784). Thomas J. Harrison was born into a prominent political family at the Berkeley Plantation in Virginia, the third son of Benjamin Harrison V and Elizabeth Basset. IBM and the Holocaust. . Black, Edwin. president to die in office. ISBN 0471414638. He was also the first U.S. and the Making of IBM. John Wiley & Sons. Harrison died exactly one month into his term—the briefest presidency before or since. The Maverick and His Machine: Thomas Watson, Sr. When Harrison took office in 1841 at the age of 68, he was the oldest man to be elected President, a record that stood for 140 years, until Ronald Reagan was elected in 1980. Maney, Kevin (2003). As a general in the subsequent War of 1812, his most notable contribution was a victory at the Battle of the Thames, in which Tecumseh was killed. Harrison first gained national fame as a war hero, defeating American Indians at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811 and earning the nickname "Tippecanoe" (or "Old Tippecanoe"). Representative and Senator from Ohio. He served as the first Governor of the Indiana Territory and later as a U.S. William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773 – April 4, 1841) was an American military leader, politician, and the ninth President of the United States. New York: Scribner's, 1939. Old Tippecanoe: William Henry Harrison and His Time. 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