This page will contain wikis about Tennessee, as they become available.

Tennessee

State nickname: Volunteer State
Other U.S. States
Capital Nashville
Largest city Memphis (largest metropolitan area is Nashville)
Governor Phil Bredesen
Official languages English
Area 109,247 kmē (36th)
 - Land 106,846 kmē
 - Water 2,400 kmē (2.2%)
Population (2000)
 - Population 5,689,283 (16th)
 - Density 53.29 /kmē (19th)
Admission into Union
 - Date June 1, 1796
 - Order 16th
Time zone Eastern: UTC-5/-4 (eastern counties)
Central: UTC-6/-5 (central and western)
Latitude 35°N to 36°41'N
Longitude 81°37'W to 90°28'W
Width 195 km
Length 710 km
Elevation
 - Highest 2,025 m
 - Mean 275 m
 - Lowest 54 m
Abbreviations
 - USPS TN
 - ISO 3166-2 US-TN
Web site www.tennessee.gov

Tennessee is a Southern state of the United States.

Origin and history of the name Tennessee

The earliest variant of the name that became Tennessee was first recorded by Captain Juan Pardo, the Spanish explorer, when he and his men passed through a Native American village named "Tanasqui" in 1567 while travelling inland from South Carolina. European settlers later encountered a Cherokee town named Tanasi (or "Tanase") in present-day Monroe County, Tennessee. The town was located on a river of the same name (now known as the Little Tennessee River).

The meaning and origin of the word are uncertain. Some accounts suggest it is a Cherokee modification of an earlier Yuchi or possibly Creek word. It has been said to mean "meeting place", "winding river", or "river of the great bend".[1] (http://www.state.tn.us/sos/statelib/pubsvs/faq.htm#01)[2] (http://www.tngenweb.org/campbell/hist-bogan/tennessee.html)

The modern spelling, Tennessee, is attributed to James Glen, the Governor of South Carolina, who used this spelling in his official correspondence during the 1750s. In 1788, North Carolina named the third county to be established in what is now Middle Tennessee "Tennessee County". When a constitutional convention met in 1796 to organize a new state out of the Southwest Territory, it adopted "Tennessee" as the name of the state.

History

The area now known as Tennessee was first settled by Paleo-Indians nearly 11,000 years ago. The names of the cultural groups that inhabited the area between first settlement and the time of European contact are unknown, but several distinct cultural phases have been named by archaeologists, including Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian whose chiefdoms were the cultural predecessors of the Muscogee people who inhabited the Tennessee River Valley prior to Cherokee migration into the river's headwaters.

When Spanish explorers first visited the area, led by Hernando de Soto in 1539-43, it was inhabited by tribes of Muscogee and Yuchi people. For unknown reasons, possibly due to expanding European settlement in the north, the Cherokee, an Iroquoian tribe, moved south from the area now called Virginia. As European colonists spread into the area, the native populations were forcibly displaced to the south and west, including all Muscogee and Yuchi peoples, including the Chickasaw and Choctaw. From 1838 to 1839, nearly 17,000 Cherokees were forced to march from Eastern Tennessee to Indian Territory west of Arkansas. This came to be known as the Trail of Tears, as an estimated 4,000 Cherokees died along the way.1

Tennessee was admitted to the Union in 1796 as the 16th state, and was created by taking the north and south borders of North Carolina and extending them with only one small deviation to the Mississippi River, Tennessee's western boundary. Tennessee was the last Confederate state to secede from the Union when it did so on June 8, 1861. After the American Civil War, Tennessee adopted a new constitution that abolished slavery (February 22, 1865), ratified the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution on July 18, 1866, and was the first state readmitted to the Union (July 24 of the same year).

Tennessee was the only state that seceded from the Union that did not have a military governor after the American Civil War, mostly due to the influence of President Andrew Johnson, a native of the state, who was Lincoln's vice president and succeeded him as president, due to the assassination.

In 1897, the state celebrated its centennial of statehood (albeit one year late) with a great exposition.

The need to create work for the unemployed during the Depression, the desire for rural electrification, and the desire to control the annual spring floods on the Tennessee River drove the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the nation's largest public utility, in 1933.

During World War II, Oak Ridge was selected as a US Department of Energy national laboratory, one of the principal sites for the Manhattan Project's production and isolation of weapons-grade fissile material.

Tennessee celebrated its bicentennial in 1996 after a yearlong statewide celebration entitled "Tennessee 200" by opening a new state park (Bicentennial Mall) at the foot of Capitol Hill in Nashville.

Law and Government

Tennessee's governor holds office for a four year term and may serve any number of terms, but not more than two in a row. The speaker of the state Senate has the title of lieutenant governor. See:List of Tennessee Governors.

The General Assembly (the state's legislature) consists of the 33-member Senate and the 99-member House of Representatives. Senators serve four year terms, and House members serve two year terms.

The highest court in Tennessee is the state Supreme Court. It has a chief justice and four associate justices. The Court of Appeals has 12 judges. The Court of Criminal Appeals has nine judges.

Tennessee's current state constitution was adopted in 1870. The state had two earlier constitutions. The first was adopted in 1796, the year Tennessee joined the union, and the second was adopted in 1834.

Geography

Map of Tennessee

See also: List of Tennessee counties, List of Tennessee state parks

Tennessee lies adjacent to 8 other states, matched only by Missouri which also borders 8 states. Tennessee is bordered on the north by Kentucky and Virginia, on the east by North Carolina, on the south by Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, and on the west by Arkansas and Missouri. The state is trisected by the Tennessee River. The highest point in the state is the peak of Clingmans Dome at 6,643 feet (2,025 meters), which lies on Tennesee's eastern border.

The state of Tennessee is traditionally divided by its people into three grand divisions - East, Middle, and West Tennessee. The Tennessee River is generally considered the dividing line between Middle and West Tennessee. The Cumberland Plateau is generally considered the dividing line between East and Middle Tennessee.

Tennessee features six principal geographic regions. Roughly from west to east, these are:

Economy

According to U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, in 2003 Tennessee's Gross State Product was $199,786,000,000, 1.8% of the total Gross Domestic Product.

In 2003, the per capita personal income was $28,641, 36th in the nation, and only 91% of the national per capita personal income of $31,472. Total earnings were $167,414,793,000.(BEARFACTS)


State sales tax is 7%, while the counties charge an additional 2.25% for a total of 9.25% across Tennessee. Some cities charge additional taxes, leading to some of the highest sales taxes in the United States. The overall state tax rate is relatively low, however, as Tennessee does not tax wage and salary income (although it does tax unearned income).

Demographics

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2003, Tennessee's population was estimated at 5,841,748 people.

The racial makeup of the state is:

The 5 largest ancestry groups in Tennessee are American (17.5%), African American (16.4%), Irish (9.3%), English (9.1%), German (8.3%).

6.6% of Tennessee's population were reported as under 5, 24.6% under 18, and 12.4% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 51.3% of the population.

Religion

The religious affiliations of the citizens of Tennessee are:

The three largest Protestant denominations in Tennessee are: Baptist (43% of the total state population), Methodist (11%), Churches of Christ (5%).

Important cities and towns

Nashville Knoxville

The capital is Nashville. Memphis has the largest population of any city in the state, but Nashville has a slightly larger metropolitan area. Chattanooga and Knoxville, both in the eastern part of the state near the Great Smoky Mountains, have approximately a third of Memphis or Nashville's population. The three towns of Bristol, Kingsport, and Johnson City make up a fifth significant population center, often called the "Tri-Cities", in the far northeast of the state. As of 2000, the population is 5,689,283.

Tennessee cities' claims to fame are:

Education

The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Rhodes College, Memphis. Vanderbilt University, Nashville. St. Jude Children's Research Center, Memphis

Colleges and universities

Professional sports teams


Famous Tennesseans

See the List of famous Tennesseans and the List of Governors of Tennessee.

Miscellaneous information

See: Tennessee State Flag

See: Music of Tennessee

References


This page about Tennessee includes information from a Wikipedia article.
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See: Music of Tennessee. The Nuggets will pick 20th in the 2005 NBA Draft; the pick was acquired from Washington via Orlando. See: Tennessee State Flag. After winning an incredible game one at San Antonio, the Nuggets proceeded to lose the next four games and lost the series 4-1. See the List of famous Tennesseans and the List of Governors of Tennessee. In the playoffs, however, the Nuggets could not survive the powerhouse defense of Tim Duncan and the San Antonio Spurs.
. Karl lived up to his reputation by leading the team to an astounding record of 32-8 in the 2nd half of the regular season which vaulted the team into the playoffs for the 2nd consecutive year.

Tennessee cities' claims to fame are:. On December 28, 2004, head coach Jeff Bzdelik was fired from the organization and replaced by interim Nuggets coach, former Los Angeles Laker player and Los Angeles Sparks head coach Michael Cooper, before finally hiring veteran coach George Karl. As of 2000, the population is 5,689,283. They were eliminated in the first round four games to one by the Minnesota Timberwolves. The three towns of Bristol, Kingsport, and Johnson City make up a fifth significant population center, often called the "Tri-Cities", in the far northeast of the state. In April, the turnaround was complete as they became the first franchise in NBA history to qualify for the postseason following a sub 20 win campaign the previous year. Chattanooga and Knoxville, both in the eastern part of the state near the Great Smoky Mountains, have approximately a third of Memphis or Nashville's population. Much of of the reason for this incredible turnaround were the front-office moves of General Manager Kiki Vandeweghe a former Nuggets player who assumed General Manager duties August,9 2001 adding crucial personnel including: point guard Andre Miller, power forward Nčnč, point guard Earl Boykins, Center Marcus Camby and shooting gaurd Jon Barry.

Memphis has the largest population of any city in the state, but Nashville has a slightly larger metropolitan area. In just two months of the season, they recorded more wins than they had in 5 1/2 months of play in 2002-03. The capital is Nashville. The team has shown signs of another renaissance for the 2003-04, with the drafting of Carmelo Anthony and yet another uniform change (light blue and yellow). The three largest Protestant denominations in Tennessee are: Baptist (43% of the total state population), Methodist (11%), Churches of Christ (5%). Ironically, Cleveland (LeBron James) and Denver (Carmelo Anthony) would eventually have a twin pair of rookie dynamos enter their ranks the very next year. The religious affiliations of the citizens of Tennessee are:. They tied for the worst record in the NBA in 2002-03 with the Cleveland Cavaliers.

Females made up approximately 51.3% of the population. Denver was an also-ran for nearly a decade, and flirted with having the worst record in a season in 1997-98, winning only 11 games in an 82 game season. 6.6% of Tennessee's population were reported as under 5, 24.6% under 18, and 12.4% were 65 or older. The team had a brief resurgence in 1993-94 (a year they ditched their rainbow colors for a dark blue and gold scheme) finishing 42-40 and stunning the top-seeded Supersonics in the first round of the Western Conference playoffs, falling to the Utah Jazz in game six of the second round, but it was a rare highlight following Moe's departure. The 5 largest ancestry groups in Tennessee are American (17.5%), African American (16.4%), Irish (9.3%), English (9.1%), German (8.3%). Moe left the team in 1990, and his departure ended their run as a competitive franchise. The racial makeup of the state is:. Only once, in 1984-85, did they even make it to the conference finals, and that year they lost in 5 games to the Los Angeles Lakers.

Census Bureau, as of 2003, Tennessee's population was estimated at 5,841,748 people. It was a novel strategy, but it rarely led to playoff success. According to the U.S. 1980s Denver Nuggets basketball teams would often score in excess of 115 points a game, and during one full season, 1981-82, they did not fail to score 100 points in any game. The overall state tax rate is relatively low, however, as Tennessee does not tax wage and salary income (although it does tax unearned income). Moe brought with him a "run and gun" philosophy, a style of play focusing on attempting to score rapidly with little interest in defense, and it helped the team become highly competitive. Some cities charge additional taxes, leading to some of the highest sales taxes in the United States. It ended in 1981, when they hired Doug Moe as a head coach.

State sales tax is 7%, while the counties charge an additional 2.25% for a total of 9.25% across Tennessee. Brown left the team in 1979, helping usher in a brief decline in their team's performance.
. However, neither of these teams were ultimately successful in the postseason. Total earnings were $167,414,793,000.(BEARFACTS). Led by Dan Issel (http://www.nba.com/history/players/issel_summary.html), Bobby Jones (http://www.remembertheaba.com/TributeMaterial/BobbyJones.html), and David Thompson (http://www.nba.com/history/thompson_bio.html), Denver (and their memorable rainbow-striped jerseys) were quite strong early on in the NBA, as they won division titles in their first two seasons in the league, and missed a third by a single game. In 2003, the per capita personal income was $28,641, 36th in the nation, and only 91% of the national per capita personal income of $31,472. They would get no second chance to win a league championship, as the ABA merger occurred during the off-season.

Bureau of Economic Analysis, in 2003 Tennessee's Gross State Product was $199,786,000,000, 1.8% of the total Gross Domestic Product. With Larry Brown coaching, they had their best seasons in team history in their first two seasons as the Nuggets, with the team making the ABA finals in 1975-76. According to U.S. In 1974, the team was renamed the Nuggets, a nickname first used by a 1949-50 NBA franchise. Roughly from west to east, these are:. Haywood averaged 30 points in his only ABA season, then was allowed to sign with the Seattle SuperSonics to start a productive NBA career. Tennessee features six principal geographic regions. Haywood was one of the first players to turn pro before graduating college, and the NBA initially refused to let him play in the league.

The Cumberland Plateau is generally considered the dividing line between East and Middle Tennessee. During the 1969-1970 season, the team also had a controversial rookie named Spencer Haywood. The Tennessee River is generally considered the dividing line between Middle and West Tennessee. They had a solid lineup led by Byron Beck (http://www.nba.com/nuggets/history/byron_beck_retire.html) and Larry Jones, then later by Beck and Ralph Simpson (http://www.basketballreference.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=SAMPSRA01). The state of Tennessee is traditionally divided by its people into three grand divisions - East, Middle, and West Tennessee. However, they tended to struggle in the postseason and failed to make a championship game during this span. The highest point in the state is the peak of Clingmans Dome at 6,643 feet (2,025 meters), which lies on Tennesee's eastern border. One of 4 ABA teams that joined the NBA through a league merger in 1976, they were known as the Rockets for their first 7 years of existence, and were very strong in their early years.

The state is trisected by the Tennessee River. The Denver Nuggets are a National Basketball Association team based in Denver, Colorado. Tennessee is bordered on the north by Kentucky and Virginia, on the east by North Carolina, on the south by Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, and on the west by Arkansas and Missouri. Bryon Russell (Long Beach State). Tennessee lies adjacent to 8 other states, matched only by Missouri which also borders 8 states. Wesley Person (Auburn). See also: List of Tennessee counties, List of Tennessee state parks. Dermarr Johnson (University of Cincinnati).

The first was adopted in 1796, the year Tennessee joined the union, and the second was adopted in 1834. Nenę (Brazil). The state had two earlier constitutions. Eduardo Najera (Oklahoma). Tennessee's current state constitution was adopted in 1870. Andre Miller (Utah). The Court of Criminal Appeals has nine judges. Kenyon Martin (University of Cincinnati).

The Court of Appeals has 12 judges. Francisco Elson (California). It has a chief justice and four associate justices. Carmelo Anthony (Syracuse). The highest court in Tennessee is the state Supreme Court. Greg Buckner (Clemson). The General Assembly (the state's legislature) consists of the 33-member Senate and the 99-member House of Representatives. Senators serve four year terms, and House members serve two year terms. Marcus Camby (Massachusettes).

See:List of Tennessee Governors. Earl Boykins (Eastern Michigan). The speaker of the state Senate has the title of lieutenant governor. 44 Dan Issel. Tennessee's governor holds office for a four year term and may serve any number of terms, but not more than two in a row. 40 Byron Beck. Tennessee celebrated its bicentennial in 1996 after a yearlong statewide celebration entitled "Tennessee 200" by opening a new state park (Bicentennial Mall) at the foot of Capitol Hill in Nashville. 33 David Thompson.

During World War II, Oak Ridge was selected as a US Department of Energy national laboratory, one of the principal sites for the Manhattan Project's production and isolation of weapons-grade fissile material. 2 Alex English. The need to create work for the unemployed during the Depression, the desire for rural electrification, and the desire to control the annual spring floods on the Tennessee River drove the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority, the nation's largest public utility, in 1933. Lafayette "Fat" Lever. In 1897, the state celebrated its centennial of statehood (albeit one year late) with a great exposition. Dikembe Mutombo. Tennessee was the only state that seceded from the Union that did not have a military governor after the American Civil War, mostly due to the influence of President Andrew Johnson, a native of the state, who was Lincoln's vice president and succeeded him as president, due to the assassination. David Thompson.

After the American Civil War, Tennessee adopted a new constitution that abolished slavery (February 22, 1865), ratified the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution on July 18, 1866, and was the first state readmitted to the Union (July 24 of the same year). Dan Issel. Tennessee was the last Confederate state to secede from the Union when it did so on June 8, 1861. Alex English. Tennessee was admitted to the Union in 1796 as the 16th state, and was created by taking the north and south borders of North Carolina and extending them with only one small deviation to the Mississippi River, Tennessee's western boundary. This came to be known as the Trail of Tears, as an estimated 4,000 Cherokees died along the way.1.

From 1838 to 1839, nearly 17,000 Cherokees were forced to march from Eastern Tennessee to Indian Territory west of Arkansas. As European colonists spread into the area, the native populations were forcibly displaced to the south and west, including all Muscogee and Yuchi peoples, including the Chickasaw and Choctaw. For unknown reasons, possibly due to expanding European settlement in the north, the Cherokee, an Iroquoian tribe, moved south from the area now called Virginia. When Spanish explorers first visited the area, led by Hernando de Soto in 1539-43, it was inhabited by tribes of Muscogee and Yuchi people.

The names of the cultural groups that inhabited the area between first settlement and the time of European contact are unknown, but several distinct cultural phases have been named by archaeologists, including Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian whose chiefdoms were the cultural predecessors of the Muscogee people who inhabited the Tennessee River Valley prior to Cherokee migration into the river's headwaters. The area now known as Tennessee was first settled by Paleo-Indians nearly 11,000 years ago. When a constitutional convention met in 1796 to organize a new state out of the Southwest Territory, it adopted "Tennessee" as the name of the state. In 1788, North Carolina named the third county to be established in what is now Middle Tennessee "Tennessee County".

The modern spelling, Tennessee, is attributed to James Glen, the Governor of South Carolina, who used this spelling in his official correspondence during the 1750s. It has been said to mean "meeting place", "winding river", or "river of the great bend".[1] (http://www.state.tn.us/sos/statelib/pubsvs/faq.htm#01)[2] (http://www.tngenweb.org/campbell/hist-bogan/tennessee.html). Some accounts suggest it is a Cherokee modification of an earlier Yuchi or possibly Creek word. The meaning and origin of the word are uncertain.

The town was located on a river of the same name (now known as the Little Tennessee River). European settlers later encountered a Cherokee town named Tanasi (or "Tanase") in present-day Monroe County, Tennessee. The earliest variant of the name that became Tennessee was first recorded by Captain Juan Pardo, the Spanish explorer, when he and his men passed through a Native American village named "Tanasqui" in 1567 while travelling inland from South Carolina. Tennessee is a Southern state of the United States.

ISBN 0870492853. Knoville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1979. Tennessee's Indian Peoples. 1 Satz, Ronald.

The USS Tennessee was named in honor of this state. Constitution, allowing women the right to vote. On August 18, 1920, Tennessee become the thirty-sixth and clinching state to ratify the 19th Amendment to the U.S. The Tennessee Valley Authority is based in Knoxville.

State song: Tennessee (http://www.50states.com/songs/tenn6.htm). Cleveland Majic. Nashville Rhythm. Minor League basketball teams

    .

    Johnson City Cardinals. Kingsport Mets. Greeneville Astros. Elizabethton Twins.

    Tennessee Smokies (Sevierville). West Tenn Diamond Jaxx (Jackson). Chattanooga Lookouts. Nashville Sounds.

    Memphis Redbirds. Minor League baseball teams

      . Tennessee Titans. National Football League
        .

        Knoxville Ice Bears. Southern Professional Hockey League

          . Nashville Predators. National Hockey League
            .

            Memphis Grizzlies. National Basketball Association

              . Jonesborough - Tennessee's Oldest Town. Johnson City - home of East Tennessee State University.

              Gatlinburg - tourist destination, gateway to Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Pigeon Forge - tourist destination, home to Dollywood amusement park. Lebanon - home to Cracker Barrel restaurant chain and site of first location, home of Nashville Superspeedway. Murfreesboro - home of Middle Tennessee State University; geographic center of Tennessee; home of famous American Civil War Battle of Stones River (also known as the Battle of Murfreesboro); site of second state capital of Tennessee.

              Cleveland - Church Of God (Cleveland) headquarters. Fort Campbell - home of the United States Army's 101st Airborne Division (though the base headquarters and address lie in Kentucky, the majority of the base is located in Tennessee). Clarksville - main campus of Austin Peay State University. Lawrenceburg - home of legendary pioneer Davy Crockett.

              Carthage - home of recent Vice President and Presidential candidate Al Gore. Spring Hill - like Smyrna, major automotive manufacturing center, only for Saturn automobiles. Smyrna - site of very large Nissan production facility. Lynchburg - home of Jack Daniels distillery.

              Bristol - site of major NASCAR track. Oak Ridge - major scientific/research center, Manhattan Project. Chattanooga - major railroad hub, financial center, major Civil War battleground. Knoxville - main campus of University of Tennessee, proximity to the Great Smoky Mountains, site of original capital of Tennessee, Tennessee Valley Authority headquarters, site of the 1982 World's Fair and the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame.

              Nashville - State capital, world center of country music industry, Southern Baptist Convention headquarters, Home of Vanderbilt University and Tennessee State University among many other small private colleges and universities, home of Tennessee Titans and Nashville Predators professional sports teams. Memphis - blues music center, birthplace of rock and roll, assassination of Martin Luther King, home of Elvis Presley, home of Memphis Grizzlies NBA team, home of University of Memphis (formerly Memphis State University), home to worldwide shipping giant FedEx, one of the centers of 60s and 70s soul music (Stax, Hi). Non-Religious – 6%. Other Religions – 1%.

              Other Christian – 1%. Roman Catholic – 5%. Protestant – 85%. 1.1% mixed race.

              1.0% Asian. 0.3% American Indian. 2.2% Hispanic. 16.4% Black.

              79.2% White. state taxes. Major industries/products. State income.

              Blue Ridge Mountains - including the Great Smoky Mountains. Ridge-and-valley Appalachians. Cumberland Plateau - also called the Appalachian Plateau. Highland Rim - this is continuous with the region in Kentucky termed the Pennyroyal Plateau.

              Nashville Basin. Gulf Coastal Plain - including the Mississippi embayment.