T. S. Eliot

Alfred Prufrock" was also referenced by Chuck D of the seminal rap group Public Enemy, in Niggativaty, Do I Dare Disturb the Universe, on his solo album The Autobiography of Mistachuck. Its annual report of the same year gave some indication of its effort to contribute on a global level, with its support of projects in Germany, Israel, India, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States [13]. Surprisingly, "The Love song of J. for an exhibition in 2003. Alfred Prufrock". It has aimed to educate young people against racism and has loaned some of Anne Frank's papers to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. This song borrows from and pays homage to the poem "The Love Song of J. It provides funding for the medical treatment of the Righteous Among the Nations on a yearly basis.

The band Crash Test Dummies released a song called "Afternoons and Coffee Spoons" from the album "God Shuffled His Feet" in the early 90's. Upon his death, Otto willed the diary's copyright to the Fonds, on the proviso that the first 80,000 Swiss francs in income each year was to be distributed to his heirs, and any income above this figure was to be retained by the Fonds to use for whatever projects its administrators considered worthy. Liverpool poet Adrian Henri included "Poem in Memoriam T.S.Eliot" in the best-selling 1968 anthology The Mersey Sound. The Fonds raises money to donate to causes "as it sees fit". A favourite of present-day Christians is "Choruses from 'The Rock'," a poem decrying what Eliot saw as the decadence of Western thought from the sublime (the Word as the Revelation of God, wisdom, life) to the humdrum (information, living). In 1963, Otto Frank and his second wife Fritzi set up the Anne Frank Fonds as a charitable foundation, based in Basel, Switzerland. Lewis, in his conversion. It has become one of Amsterdam's main tourist attractions, and is visited by more than half a million people each year.

S. These other buildings are used to house the diary, as well as changing exhibits that chronicle different aspects of the Holocaust and more contemporary examinations of racial intolerance in various parts of the world. In the autobiographical A Severe Mercy, Sheldon Vanauken's admiration for Eliot's poetry lends credibility in Vanauken's eyes to Christianity and plays a part, along with letters from C. From the small room which was once home to Peter van Pels, a walkway connects the building to its neighbours, also purchased by the Foundation. Appropriately, Eliot's poem "The Hollow Men" quotes Heart of Darkness in its epigraph — "Mistah Kurtz—he dead." The American photojournalist (Dennis Hopper) also references the end of "The Hollow Men" when speaking to Willard. Some personal relics of the former occupants remain, such as movie star photographs glued by Anne to a wall, a section of wallpaper on which Otto Frank marked the height of his growing daughters, and a map on the wall where he recorded the advance of the Allied Forces, all now protected behind Perspex sheets. Alfred Prufrock," specifically the lines, "I should have been a pair of ragged claws/Scuttling across the floors of silent seas." Marlon Brando's character Kurtz later reads Eliot's poem "The Hollow Men": "We are the Hollow Men, We are the stuffed men...". It consists of the Opekta warehouse and offices and the achterhuis, all unfurnished so that visitors can walk freely through the rooms.

In the movie Apocalypse Now based on the Joseph Conrad novel Heart of Darkness, one of the side-characters, a photographer obsessed with the life of the elusive Colonel Kurtz, quoted "The Love Song of J. The Anne Frank House opened on May 3, 1960. References have appeared in Hill Street Blues and The Long Goodbye by private-eye novelist Raymond Chandler. Otto Frank insisted that the aim of the foundation would be to foster contact and communication between young people of different cultures, religions or racial backgrounds, and to oppose intolerance and racial discrimination. Alfred Prufrock" is a greatly quoted and referenced piece. On May 3, 1957, a group of citizens including Otto Frank established the Anne Frank Foundation in an effort to save the Prinsengracht building from demolition and to make it accessible to the public. "The Love Song of J. On March 23, 1990, the Hamburg Regional Court confirmed its authenticity.

(As a matter of fact, some critics have said that I have done so.) But there is one which deserves the success it has had, Henry Reed's Chard Whitlow.". Their final determination was that the diary is authentic. In fact, one is apt to think one could parody oneself much better. They examined the handwriting against known exemplars and found that they matched, and determined that the paper, glue and ink were readily available during the time the diary was said to have been written. Eliot wrote, "Most parodies of one's own work strike one as very poor. With Otto Frank's death in 1980, the original diary, including letters and loose sheets, were willed to the Netherlands Institute for War Documentation, who commissioned a forensic study of the diary through the Netherlands Ministry of Justice in 1986. In 1941 Henry Reed published Chard Whitlow, an intelligent and witty satire on Burnt Norton. During their appeal, a team of historians examined the documents in consultation with Otto Frank, and determined them to be genuine.

Bevis Hillier compared Cawein's lines "...come and go/Around its ancient portico" with Eliot's "...come and go/talking of Michelangelo." Cawein's "Waste Land" had appeared in the January 1913 issue of Chicago magazine Poetry (which also contained an article by Ezra Pound on London poets). The controversy reached its peak in 1980 with the arrest and trial of two neo-Nazis, Ernst Römer and Edgar Geiss, who were tried and found guilty of producing and distributing literature denouncing the diary as a forgery, following a complaint by Otto Frank. Canadian academic Robert Ian Scott has pointed out that the title of The Waste Land and some of the images had previously appeared in the the work of a minor Kentucky poet, Madison Cawein (1865-1914). The court ruled in each case that if a further complaint was made by an injured party, such as Otto Frank, a charge of slander could follow. It has, on the other hand, been condemned as showing a lack of originality. Two cases were dismissed by German courts in 1978 and 1979 on the grounds of freedom of speech, as the complaint was not filed by an "injured party". This practice has been defended as a necessary salvaging of tradition in an age of fragmentation, and hence completely integral to the theme of the work, as well as adding richness through unexpected juxtaposition. The judge ruled that if he published further statements he would be subjected to a 500,000 Deutschmark fine and a six months' jail sentence.

There are no such acknowledgements after the "Four Quartets". In 1976 Otto Frank took action against Heinz Roth of Frankfurt, who published pamphlets stating the diary was a forgery. "Notes on the Waste Land", which follows after the poem, gives the source of many of these, but not all. His statement corroborated the version of events that had previously been presented by witnesses such as Otto Frank. A more insistent criticism has been of his widespread interweaving of quotes from other authors into his work. He provided a full account of events and recalled emptying a briefcase full of papers onto the floor. However, like Modern Art, that battle has long been won. When interviewed, Silberbauer readily admitted his role, and identifed Anne Frank from a photograph as one of the people arrested.

Eliot's poetry was first criticised as not being poetry at all. He began searching for Karl Silberbauer and found him in 1963. A particularly strong influence on Eliot's work was French poetry, in particular Charles Baudelaire, whose clear-cut images of Paris city life provided a model for Eliot's own images of London. In 1958, Simon Wiesenthal was challenged by a group of protesters at a performance of The Diary of Anne Frank in Vienna who asserted that Anne Frank had never existed, and who told Wiesenthal to prove her existence by finding the man who had arrested her. After his death, this work became the basis of the hit West End and Broadway musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber, Cats. Stielau recanted his earlier statement, and Otto Frank did not pursue the case any further. In 1939, he published a book of poetry for children, Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats – "Old Possum" being a name Pound had bestowed upon him. The court examined the diary, and in 1960 found it to be genuine.

He was appointed to the committee formed to produce the "New English" translation of the Bible. In 1959 Otto Frank took legal action in Lübeck against Lothar Stielau, a school teacher and former Hitler Youth member who published a school paper that described the diary as a forgery. part II of "The Waste Land" in the section beginning "My nerves are bad tonight."). Since the 1950s Holocaust denial has been a criminal offence in a few European countries, including Germany, and the law has been used to prevent a rise in neo-Nazi activity. There is, however, evidence throughout his work of contrary practice (e.g. Her personal testimony of the persecution of the Jews and her death in a concentration camp are blocking the way to a rehabilitation of national socialism". Eliot is also known for his critical and theoretical writing, particularly for his advocacy of the "objective correlative", the notion that art should not be a personal expression, but should work through objective universal symbols. Continued public statements made by such Holocaust deniers prompted Teresien da Silva to comment on behalf of Anne Frank House in 1999, "for many right-wing extremists (Anne) proves to be an obstacle.

Eliot confessed to being influenced by, among others, the works of 17th century preacher, Lancelot Andrewes. Efforts have been made to discredit the diary since its publication, and since the mid 1970s Holocaust denier David Irving has been consistent in his assertion that the diary is not genuine [12]. Murder in the Cathedral is about the death of Thomas a Becket. Otto Frank recalled his publisher explaining why he thought the diary has been so widely read, with the comment "he said that the diary encompasses so many areas of life that each reader can find something that moves him personally". Eliot's plays, mostly in verse, include "Sweeney Agonistes" (1925), Murder in the Cathedral (1935), The Family Reunion (1939), The Cocktail Party (1950), The Confidential Clerk (1953) and The Elder Statesman (1958). Her examination of herself and her surroundings is sustained over a lengthy period of time in an introspective, analytical and highly self critical manner, and in moments of frustration she relates the battle being fought within herself between the "good Anne" she wants to be, and the "bad Anne" she believes herself to be. From this backgrouind, the Quartets end with the triumphant affirmation of Mother Julian of Norwich "all shall be well and/All manner of things shall be well". She is occasionally cruel and often biased, particularly in her depictions of Fritz Pfeffer and of her own mother, and Müller explains that she channelled the "normal mood swings of adolescence" into her writing.

The beginning of the Quartets ("Houses.../Are removed, destroyed") had become a violent everday experience; this creates an animation, where for the first time he talks of Love - as the driving force behind all experience. Her writing is largely a study of characters, and she examines every person in her circle with a shrewd, uncompromising eye. Eliot's own experiences as an air raid warden in the Blitz, empower the poem, and he imagines meeting Dante during the German bombing. Her biographer Melissa Müller said that she wrote "in a precise, confident, economical style stunning in its honesty". "Little Gidding" (the element of fire) stands out as the tour de force and most anthologised of the individual Quartets. Commenting on Anne Frank's writing style, the dramatist Meyer Levin – who worked with Otto Frank on a dramatisation of the diary shortly after its publication [9] – praised it for "sustaining the tension of a well-constructed novel" [10], while the poet John Berryman wrote that it was a unique depiction, not merely of adolescence but of "the mysterious, fundamental process of a child becoming an adult as it is actually happening" [11]. It again strives to contain opposites ("...the past and future/Are conquered, and reconciled"). The diary has also been praised for its literary merits.

Its sections are less distinctive and its lines less memorable than the other Quartets. But her fate helps us grasp the immense loss the world suffered because of the Holocaust.". "The Dry Salvages" treats the element of water, via images of river and sea. Anne cannot, and should not, stand for the many individuals whom the Nazis robbed of their lives.. Out of darkness Eliot continues to reassert a solution ("I said to my soul, be still, and wait without hope"). In her closing message in Melissa Müller's biography of Anne Frank, Miep Gies attempted to dispel what she felt was a growing misconception that "Anne symbolizes the six million victims of the Holocaust", writing: "Anne's life and death were her own individual fate, an individual fate that happened six million times over. There is a sense of bitterness and loss, where the world is compared in a Shakespearian fashion to a stage. After receiving a humanitarian award from the Anne Frank Foundation in 1994, Nelson Mandela addressed a crowd in Johannesburg, saying he had read Anne Frank's diary while in prison and "derived much encouragement from it." He likened her struggle against Nazism to his struggle against apartheid, drawing a parallel between the two philosophies with the comment "because these beliefs are patently false, and because they were, and will always be, challenged by the likes of Anne Frank, they are bound to fail." [8].

"East Coker" continues the examination of time and meaning, focusing in a famous passage on the nature of language and poetry. Hillary Rodham Clinton, in her acceptance speech for an Elie Wiesel Humanitarian Award in 1994, read from Anne Frank's diary and spoke of her "awakening us to the folly of indifference and the terrible toll it takes on our young," which Clinton related to contemporary events in Sarajevo, Somalia and Rwanda [7]. We see the shell of an abandoned house, and Eliot toys with the idea that all these "merely possible" realities are present together, but invisible to us: All the possible ways people might walk across a courtyard add up to a vast dance we can't see; children who aren't there are hiding in the bushes. The Soviet writer Ilya Ehrenburg later said: "one voice speaks for six million—the voice not of a sage or a poet but of an ordinary little girl." [6] As Anne Frank's stature as both a writer and humanist has grown, she has been discussed specifically as a symbol of the Holocaust and more broadly as a representative of persecution. "Burnt Norton" asks what it means to consider things that aren't the case but might have been. In her introduction to the diary's first American edition, Eleanor Roosevelt described it as "one of the wisest and most moving commentaries on war and its impact on human beings that I have ever read". A reflective early reading suggests an inexact systematicity among them; they approach the same ideas in varying but overlapping ways, although they do not necessarily exhaust their questions. Since then, they have been included in new editions of the diary.

Also, each is associated with one of the four classical elements: air, earth, water, and fire. In 2000 the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science agreed to donate US$300,000 to Suijk's Foundation, and the pages were returned in 2001 [5]. Although they resist easy characterisation, they have many things in common: each begins with a rumination on the geographical location of its title, and each meditates on the nature of time in some important respect—theological, historical, physical, and on its relation to the human condition. The Netherlands Institute for War Documentation, the formal owner of the manuscript, demanded the pages to be handed over. It consists of four long poems,initially published separately: "Burnt Norton" (1936), "East Coker" (1940), "The Dry Salvages" (1941) and "Little Gidding" (1942), each in five sections. Foundation. Eliot considered Four Quartets his masterpiece, as it draws upon his knowledge of mysticism and philosophy. Some controversy ensued when Suijk claimed publishing rights over the five pages and intended to sell them to raise money for his U.S.

In 1928, Eliot summarised his beliefs well when he wrote in the preface to his book For Lancelot Andrewes that "The general point of view [of the book's essays] may be described as classicist in literature, royalist in politics, and anglo-catholic [sic] in religion." This period includes such works as Ash Wednesday, The Journey of the Magi, and Four Quartets. The missing diary entries contain critical remarks by Anne Frank about her parents' strained marriage, and show Anne's lack of affection for her mother [4]. Eliot's work, following his religious conversion, is sometimes religious in nature, but it also attempts to preserve historical English values that Eliot thought important. Center for Holocaust Education Foundation—announced that he was in the possession of five pages that had been removed by Otto Frank from the diary prior to publication; Suijk claimed that Otto Frank gave these pages to him shortly before his death in 1980. Eliot thanked Pound for "helping one to do it in one's own way.". In 1999, Cornelis Suijk—a former director of the Anne Frank Foundation and president of the U.S. Pound advised against Eliot's thought of scrapping it altogether. It compared her original entries with her father's edited versions, and included discussion relating its authentication, and historical information relating to the family.

Part IV "Death by Water" was reduced to its current ten lines from an original ninety-two. In 1986, a critical edition of the diary was published [3]. The publication of the draft manuscript of the poem in 1972 showed the strong influence of Ezra Pound upon its final form, prior to which Part I had been titled "He Do the Police in Different Voices". Over the years the popularity of the diary grew, and in many schools, particularly in the United States, it was included as part of the curriculum, introducing Anne Frank to new generations of readers. On one occasion Auden read out loud the whole of The Waste Land to a social gathering. It was followed by the 1959 movie The Diary of Anne Frank, which was a critical and commercial success. Eliot's work was hailed by the W.H.Auden generation of 1930s poets. A play based upon the diary, by Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett, premiered in New York City on October 5, 1955, and later won a Pulitzer Prize for Drama.

Among its famous phrases are "April is the cruellest month"; "I will show you fear in a handful of dust"; and "Shantih shantih shantih.". The first American edition was published in 1952 under the title Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl. Despite the alleged obscurity of the poem—its slippage between satire and prophecy; its abrupt changes of speaker, location, and time; its elegiac but intimidating summoning up of a vast and dissonant range of cultures and literatures—, it has become a familiar touchstone of modern literature. His article attracted attention from publishers, and the diary was published in 1947, followed by a second run in 1950. Even before The Waste Land had been published as a book (December 1922), Eliot had distanced himself from the poem's vision of despair; "As for The Waste Land, that is a thing of the past so far as I am concerned and I am now feeling toward a new form and style" he wrote to Richard Aldington on November 15, 1922. He wrote that the diary "stammered out in a child's voice, embodies all the hideousness of fascism, more so than all the evidence at Nuremberg put together" [2]. Composed during a period of personal difficulty for Eliot—his marriage was foundering, and both he and Vivienne suffered from precarious health—The Waste Land became one of the principal examples of a new trend in English poetry and came to represent the disillusionment of the post-World War I generation. She then gave it to her husband Jan Romein, who wrote an article about it, titled "Kinderstem" ("A Child's Voice"), published in the newspaper Het Parool on April 3, 1946.

In October 1922, Eliot published the long poem The Waste Land in The Criterion. He gave the diary to the historian Anne Romein, who tried unsuccessfully to have it published. Its now-famous opening lines with a comparison of the evening sky to "a patient etherised upon a table" were particularly shocking and offensive at a time when the poetry of the Georgians was hailed for its weak derivations of the nineteenth century Romantic Poets. Although he restored the true identities of his own family, he retained all of the other pseudonyms. They certainly have no relation to 'poetry'...". He removed certain passages, most notably those which referred to his wife in unflattering terms, and sections that discussed Anne's growing sexuality. Eliot is surely of the very smallest importance to anyone - even to himself. Otto Frank used her original diary, known as "version A", and her edited version, known as "version B", to produce the first version for publication.

Its mainstream reception can be gauged from a review by F.Dalton in The Times Literary Supplement, 31 June 1917: "The fact that these things occurred to the mind of Mr. The van Pels family became Hermann, Petronella, and Peter van Daan, and Fritz Pfeffer became Albert Düssell. Although Prufrock is of decided late middle-age, Eliot wrote most of the poem when he was only 22. She created pseudonyms for the members of the household and the helpers. Alfred Prufrock". Her original notebook was supplemented by additional notebooks and loose-leaf sheets of paper. In 1915, Ezra Pound, then the overseas editor of Poetry magazine, recommended to Harriet Monroe, the magazine's founder, that she publish "The Love Song of J. She began editing her writing, removing sections and rewriting others, with the view to publication.

Gurdjieff. He mentioned the publication of letters and diaries, and Anne decided to submit her work when the time came. I. In the spring of 1944, she heard a radio broadcast by Gerrit Bolkestein—a member of the Dutch government in exile—who said that when the war ended, he would create a public record of the Dutch people's oppression under German occupation. He dabbled in the study of Sanskrit and eastern religions and was a student of G. She candidly described her life, her family and companions, and their situation, while beginning to recognise her ambition to write fiction for publication. After the war, in the 1920s, he would spend time with other great artists in the Montparnasse Quarter in Paris where he was photographed by Man Ray. Anne's diary began as a private expression of her thoughts and she wrote several times that she would never allow anyone to read it.

Eliot made his life and literary career in Britain. When asked many years later to recall his first reaction he said simply, "I never knew my little Anne was so deep". A portrait of the comedian, which Eliot requested of Marx, was proudly displayed in Eliot's home next to pictures of Yeats and Valery. Moved by her repeated wish to be an author, he began to consider having it published. Late in his life, Eliot exchanged numerous letters with comedian Groucho Marx. He read it and later commented that he had not realised Anne had kept such an accurate and well-written record of their time together. This commemoration contains his name, an indication that he had received the Order of Merit, dates, and a quote from Little Gidding: "the communication / Of the dead is tongued with fire beyond / the language of the living.". In July 1945, the Red Cross confirmed the deaths of Anne and Margot and it was only then that Miep Gies gave him the diary.

On the second anniversary of his death a large stone placed on the floor of Poets' Corner in London's Westminster Abbey was dedicated to Eliot. He was informed that his wife had died, but he also learnt that his daughters had been transferred to Bergen-Belsen, and he remained hopeful that they had survived. There, a simple plaque commemorates him. Otto Frank survived and returned to Amsterdam. After his death, his body was cremated and, according to Eliot's wishes, the ashes taken to St Michael's Church in East Coker, the village from which Eliot's ancestors emigrated to America. See article: People associated with Anne Frank. For many years he had health problems due to his heavy smoking, often being laid low with bronchitis or tachycardia. The individual fates of the other occupants of the achterhuis, their helpers, and other people associated with Anne Frank, are discussed further.

Eliot died of emphysema in London on January 4, 1965. After the war, it was estimated that of the 110,000 Jews deported from the Netherlands during the Nazi occupation, only 5,000 survived. Eliot and a facsimile of the draft of The Waste Land. They estimated that this occurred a few weeks before the camp was liberated by British troops on April 15, 1945, and although the exact dates were not recorded, it is generally accepted to have been between the end of February and the middle of March. Valerie was 38 years younger than her husband and the years of her widowhood have been spent preserving his legacy; she has edited and annotated The Letters of T.S. Witnesses later testified that Margot fell from her bunk in her weakened state and was killed by the shock, and that a few days later Anne also died. and with not many more other than his wife's parents attending. In March 1945, a typhus epidemic spread through the camp killing an estimated 17,000 prisoners.

I mean female society." Less than four months later he was introduced to Vivienne Haigh-Wood, a Cambridge governess, by mutual friends in Oxford. They collected them, as well as several family photograph albums, and Gies resolved to return them to Anne after the war. In a letter to Conrad Aiken late in December 1914, Eliot complained that he was still a virgin, adding "I am very dependent upon women. They later returned to the achterhuis, where they found Anne's papers strewn on the floor. Lanman, Josiah Royce, Bertrand Russell, and Harold Joachim. Victor Kugler and Johannes Kleiman were taken away and subsequently jailed, but Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl were allowed to go. Bradley.) During Eliot's university career, he studied with George Santayana, Irving Babbitt, Henri Bergson, C.R. The occupants were loaded into trucks and taken for interrogation.

H. Led by Schutzstaffel Sergeant Karl Silberbauer of the Sicherheitsdienst, the group included at least three members of the Security Police. (In 1964, the dissertation was published as Knowledge and Experience in the Philosophy of F. On the morning of August 4, 1944, the achterhuis was stormed by the Grüne Polizei following a tip-off from an informer who was never identified [1]. Because he did not appear in person to defend the thesis, however, he was not awarded his Ph.D. She continued writing regularly until her final entry of August 1, 1944. He continued to work on his dissertation and, in the spring of 1916, sent it to Harvard, which accepted it. As her confidence in her writing grew, and as she began to mature, she wrote of more abstract subjects such as her belief in God, and how she defined human nature.

Louis, Missouri. While these early entries demonstrate that in many ways her life was that of a typical schoolgirl, she also refers to changes that had taken place since the German occupation. Eliot was born into a prominent family from St. Frank wrote about her school grades, her friends, boys she flirted with and the places she liked to visit in her neighbourhood. . Although Frank was acquainted with a girl named Kitty, her biographers have suggested that it is more likely that she was expressing an affection for a character from the novels of Cissy van Marxveldt. Alfred Prufrock, The Waste Land and Four Quartets, are considered major achievements of twentieth-century Modernism. She began writing in it almost immediately, and described herself and her family and her daily life at home and at school, prefacing her entries with the salutation "Dear Kitty".

Thomas Stearns Eliot (September 26, 1888 – January 4, 1965) was an Anglo-American poet, dramatist, and literary critic, whose works like The Love Song of J. Although it was an autograph book, bound with red-and-green checkered cloth and with a small lock on the front, Anne had already decided she would use it as a diary. Eliot by Robert Crawford (1987). For her thirteenth birthday on June 12, 1942, Anne received a small notebook which she had pointed out to her father in a shop window a few days earlier. The Savage and the City in the Work of T.S. Margot and Anne were excelling in their studies and had a large number of friends, but with the introduction of a decree that Jewish children could only attend Jewish schools, they were enrolled at the Jewish Lyceum. Eliot: A Study in Character and Style by Ronald Bush (1984). In May 1940, Germany invaded the Netherlands, and the occupation government began to persecute Jews by the implementation of restrictive and discriminatory laws, and the mandatory registration and segregation of Jews soon followed.

T.S. In 1939 Edith's mother came to live with the Franks, and remained with them until her death in January 1942. The Composition of Four Quartets by Helen Gardner (1978). In 1938, Otto Frank started a second company in partnership with Hermann van Pels, a butcher, who had fled Osnabrück in Germany with his family. Eliot by Helen Gardner (1949). They were also recognised as highly distinct personalities, Margot being well mannered, reserved, and studious, while Anne was outspoken, energetic, and extroverted. The Art of T.S. Margot demonstrated ability in arithmetic, and Anne showed aptitude for reading and writing.

Eliot's Dark Angel: Intersections of Life and Art by Ronald Schuchard (1999). By February 1934, Edith and the children had arrived in Amsterdam, and the two girls were enrolled in the Montessori school. Eliot and Prejudice by Christopher Ricks (1988). Otto Frank began working at the Opekta Works, a company which sold the fruit extract pectin, and found an apartment on the Merwedeplein (Merwede Square) in an Amsterdam suburb. T.S. Otto Frank remained in Frankfurt, but after receiving an offer to start a company in Amsterdam, he moved there to organise the business and to arrange accommodation for his family. Eliot: The Story of a Friendship: 1947-1965 by William Turner Levy and Victor Scherle (1968). Later in the year, Edith and the children went to Aachen, where they stayed with Edith's mother, Rosa Holländer.

Affectionately, T.S. Anti-Semitic demonstrations occurred almost immediately, and the Franks began to fear what would happen to them if they remained in Germany. Eliot by Stephen Spender (1975). On March 13, 1933, elections were held in Frankfurt for the municipal council, and Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party won. T.S. Edith Frank was the more devout parent, while Otto Frank was interested in scholarly pursuits and had an extensive library; both parents encouraged the children to read. Eliot: A Memoir by Robert Sencourt (1971). The Franks were Reform Jews, observing many of the traditions of Judaism.

T.S. The family lived in an assimilated community of Jewish and non-Jewish citizens, and the children grew up with Catholic, Protestant, and Jewish friends. Matthews (1973). Margot Frank (February 16, 1926–March 1945) was her sister. Eliot by T.S. Anne Frank was born on June 12, 1929 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, the second daughter of Otto Heinrich Frank (May 12, 1889–August 19, 1980) and Edith Holländer (January 16, 1900–January 6, 1945). Great Tom: Notes Towards the Definition of T.S. .

Painted Shadow: A Life of Vivienne Eliot by Carole Seymour-Jones (2001). Described as the work of a mature and insightful mind, it provides an intimate examination of daily life under Nazi occupation; through her writing, Anne Frank has become one of the most renowned and discussed of the Holocaust victims. Eliot: An Imperfect Life by Lyndall Gordon (1998). There have also been many theatrical productions, and an opera, based on the diary. T.S. It was eventually translated from its original Dutch into many languages and became one of the world's most widely read books. Eliot: A Life by Peter Ackroyd (1984). The diary was given to Anne for her thirteenth birthday and chronicles the events of her life from June 12 1942 until its final entry of August 1, 1944.

T.S. Convinced that the diary was a unique record he took action to have it published. On Poetry and Poets (1957). At the end of the war her father, Otto, who survived, returned to Amsterdam to find that Anne's diary had been saved by Miep Gies, their beloved friend who had helped provide them food and other necessities while in hiding. The Three Voices of Poetry (1954). They were transported to concentration camps where Anne died of typhus in Bergen-Belsen within days of her sister, Margot, in March 1945. Poetry and Drama (1951). After two years in hiding, the group was betrayed, along with the Van Pels family and a dentist, Fritz Pfeffer, who had been hiding with them.