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Sony

Sony Corporation (Japanese katakana: ソニー) (TYO: 6758), NYSE: SNE is a global consumer electronics corporation based in Tokyo, Japan. It is currently one of the world's largest producers of consumer electronics and is one of the biggest corporations in Japan.

Sony Corporation is traded on the Tokyo Stock Exchange under number 6758 and on the NYSE as SNE through ADR.

See also Sony Corporation shareholders and subsidiaries.

History

Sony was founded by Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita on May 7, 1946 as the Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering with about 20 employees. Their first consumer product, in the late 1940s, was a rice boiler. As it grew into a major international corporation, Sony acquired other companies with longer histories, including Columbia Records (the oldest continuously produced brand name in recorded sound, dating back to 1888). Today Norio Ohga is Honorary Chairman, Howard Stringer is Chairman and CEO, and Ryoji Chubachi is President and Electronics CEO.

Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita

Brand change

When Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo was looking for a romanized name to use to market themselves, they strongly considered using their initials, TTK. The primary reason they did not, is that the railway company Tokyo Kyuko was known as TKK.

The name "Sony" was chosen for the brand as a mix of the Latin word sonus, which is the root of sonic and sound, the English word "sunny", and from the word Sonny-boys which is Japanese slang for "whizz kids". However "Sonny" seemed not to be appropriate since it sounds too much like the Japanese soh-nee which means something like "business goes bad", Akio Morita pushed for a word that does not exist in any language so that they could claim the word "Sony" as their own (which paid off when they sued a candy producer who also used the name who claimed that "Sony" was just an existing word in some language).

At the time of the change, it was extremely unusual for a Japanese company to use Roman letters instead of Chinese characters to spell its name. The move was not without opposition: TTK's principal bank at the time, Mitsui, had strong feelings about the name. They pushed for a name such as Sony Electronic Industries, or Sony Teletech. Akio Morita was firm, however, as he did not want the company name tied to any particular industry. Eventually, both Ibuka and Mitsui Bank's chairman gave their approval.

Sony TR-72 (1956)

In August 1955, Sony produced its first coat-pocket sized transistor radio they registered as the TR-55 model. In 1956, Sony reportedly manufactured about 40,000 of its Model TR-72 box-like portable transistor radios and exported some of this model to North America, Holland and Germany.

Sony TR-63 (1957)

That same year they made the TR-6, a coat pocket radio which was used by the company to create its "SONY boy" advertising character. The following year, 1957, Sony came out with the TR-63 model, the then smallest (112 x 71 x 32 mm) set in commercial production. and a great sales success worldwide. The TR-63 was a shirt pocket transistor radio that was exported all over the world.

On page 209 of the book The Portable Radio in American Life by University of Arizona professor Michael Brian Schiffer, Ph.D., he wrote: "Sony was not first, but its transistor radio was the most successful. The TR-63 of 1957 cracked open the U.S. market and launched the new industry of consumer microelectronics." By the mid 1950s, American teens had began buying portable transistor radios in huge numbers, helping to propel the fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958. However, this huge growth in portable transistor radio sales, that saw Sony rise to be the dominant player in the consumer electronics field, [1] was not because of the consumers who had bought the earlier generation of tube radio consoles, but was driven by a distinctly new American phenomenon at the time called Rock and Roll.

Howard Stringer

On March 7th, 2005, Sony Corp. announced that Nobuyuki Idei will step down as Chairman and Group CEO and will be replaced by Briton Sir Howard Stringer, current Chairman and CEO of Sony Corporation of America, Corporate Executive Officer, Vice Chairman and COO Sony Entertainment Business Group. Sony's decision to replace Idei with Wales native Howard Stringer will mark the first time that a foreigner will run a major Japanese electronics firm. Sony Corp. also announced on the same date that current president, Kunitake Ando, will step down and be replaced by Ryoji Chubachi. [2]

Acquisitions

In 1988, Sony acquired CBS (Columbia) Records Group from CBS. It was renamed "Sony Music Entertainment".

In 1989, Sony acquired Columbia Pictures Entertainment from Coca Cola for US $3.4 billion. It was subsequently renamed "Sony Pictures Entertainment" in 1991.

In 2000, Sony had sales of US $63 billion and 189,700 employees. Sony acquired Aiwa Corporation in 2002.

Sony also owns television channels in India and channels aimed at Indian communities in Europe.

On July 20th, 2004, the EU approved a 50-50 merger between Sony Music Entertainment and BMG. The new company will be called Sony BMG and will, together with RIAA partner Universal, control 60% of the world wide music market.

On September 13th 2004 a Sony-led consortium finalised the deal to purchase famous film studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for about $5 Billion, including $2Bn in debts.

Legal

In 2002, Sony Computer Entertainment America, marketer of the popular PlayStation game consoles, was sued by Immersion Corp. of San Jose, California which claimed that Sony's PlayStation "Dual Shock" controllers infringed on Immersion's patents. In 2004 a federal jury agreed with Immersion, awarding the company US$82 million in damages. A U.S. district court judge ruled on the matter in March, 2005 and not only agreed with the federal jury's ruling but also added another US$8.7 million in damages. Washington Post: Pay Judgment Or Game Over, Sony Warned

Proprietary formats

Sony has historically been notable for creating its own in-house standards for new recording and storage technologies instead of adopting those of other manufacturers and standards bodies. The most infamous of these was the videotape format war of the early 1980s, when Sony marketed its Betamax system for video cassette recorders against the VHS format developed by JVC. In the end, VHS gained critical mass in the marketplace and became the worldwide standard for consumer VCRs and Sony had no choice but to capitulate.

Since then, Sony has continued to introduce its own versions of storage technologies, with varying success. Examples include:

  • MiniDisc was created by Sony to replace cassette tapes. which left it in an awkward position when rivals later adopted CD-R and MP3.
  • Sony also makes heavy use of its Memory Stick flash memory cards for digital cameras and other portable devices, which few other manufacturers use.
  • It also attempted to compete with the Iomega Zip drive and Imation SuperDisk with their HiFD, but this proved a severe failure.
  • In 1993 Sony challenged the industry standard Dolby Digital 5.1 surround sound format with its newer and more advanced proprietary motion picture digital audio format called SDDS (Sony Dynamic Digital Sound) This format employed eight channels (7.1) of audio opposed to just six used in Dolby Digital 5.1 at the time. Unlike Dolby Digital, SDDS utilized a method of backup by having mirrored arrays of bits on both sides of the film which acted as a measure of reliability in case the film was partially damaged. Ultimately SDDS has been vastly overshadowed by the preferred DTS (Digital Theatre System) and Dolby Digital standards in both the motion picture industry and home audio formats.
  • Since the introduction of the MiniDisc format, Sony has attempted to promote its own audio compression technologies under the ATRAC brand, against more widely-used formats like MP3 or even Windows Media Audio. Until late 2004, Sony's Network Walkman line of digital portable music players did not support the MP3 de facto standard natively, although the software provided with them would convert MP3 files into the ATRAC or ATRAC3 formats.
  • Sony has been accused of repeating mistakes with its Blu-Ray disc format, which looks likely to compete with Toshiba's HD-DVD format. However, both formats have significant industry backing and it is unclear whether this will prove to be a mistake for Sony, or whether their format will win out.
  • The Sony PlayStation Portable uses the proprietary Universal Media Disc format to store games and movies.

Notable products and technologies

See also: List of Sony Trademarks

1950s

A 1969 Sony TC-630 reel-to-reel recorder
  • Reel-to-reel tape recorders (1950-??)
  • Transistor radios (1955-)

1960s

  • Trinitron (1968-)

1970s

  • U-matic (1971-1983)
  • Betamax (1975-1998)
  • Elcaset (1976-1980)
  • Walkman (1979-)

1980s

  • DASH (1980)
  • Mavica (1981-??)
  • Betacam (1982-)
  • Compact Disc (1982-)
  • 3½" diskette (1983-)
  • Discman (1984-)
  • CD-ROM (1985-)
  • Handycam (1985-)
  • Video8 (1985-??)
  • D1 (1987-)
  • DAT (1987-)
  • NEWS (1987-??)
  • D2 (1988-)
  • CD-R (with Phillips) (1988-)
  • Hi8 (1989-)
  • Video Walkman (1989-)

1990s

  • NT (1991-??)
  • MiniDisc (1992-)
  • PlayStation (later PS one) (1994-2004)
  • Magic Link (1994-1997)
  • DV (1995-)
  • MiniDV (1995-)
  • Cyber-shot (1996-)
  • Digital8 (1999-)
  • FD Trinitron (1996-)
  • VAIO (1997-)
  • Digital Mavica (1997-)
  • Ruvi (1998-1999)
  • Memory Stick (1998-)
  • HiFD (1998-2001)
  • Super Audio CD (1998-)
  • PlayStation 2 (1999-)
  • Aibo (1999-)

2000s

Sony Walkman SRF-S84 transistor radio (released 2001).
  • CLIÉ (2000-2005)
  • MicroMV (2002-)
  • SonicStage (2003 - )
  • HDV (2003-)
  • Qualia (2003-)
  • Blu-Ray Disc (2003-)
  • PSX (2003-)
  • Qrio (2003-)
  • PlayStation Portable (2004-)
  • Universal Media Disc (UMD) (2004-)
  • Librie (2004-)
  • PlayStation 3 (Spring 2006)

Question marks indicate products no longer sold as of 2005, but the year of withdrawal is unknown

Documentaries about Sony Corporation

  • The story of Sony's foray into the American commercial market is documented in Terry Sanders' film The Japan Project: Made in Japan.


References

  • Made in Japan by Akio Morita and SONY, Harper Collins (1994)
  • SONY Radio, Sony Transistor Radio 35th Anniversary 1955-1990 - information booklet (1990)
  • The Portable Radio in American Life by University of Arizona Professor Michael Brian Schiffer, Ph.D. (The University of Arizona Press, 1991).

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. Some are:. Question marks indicate products no longer sold as of 2005, but the year of withdrawal is unknown. This is not a complete list, only major projects are included. See also: List of Sony Trademarks. The company either leads or has a major stake in some of the most high profile, high technology civil and military aerospace and maritime projects in the world. Examples include:. BAE Systems is in an enviable position.

Since then, Sony has continued to introduce its own versions of storage technologies, with varying success. Primary businesses are; airborne radar systems, Electronic Warfare (EW) systems, military lasers and electro-optical systems. In the end, VHS gained critical mass in the marketplace and became the worldwide standard for consumer VCRs and Sony had no choice but to capitulate. SELEX S&AS incorporates the majority of the former BAE Systems Avionics business. The most infamous of these was the videotape format war of the early 1980s, when Sony marketed its Betamax system for video cassette recorders against the VHS format developed by JVC. SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems (SELEX S&AS), a joint venture with Finmeccanica in which BAE Systems has a 25% stake, was formed in May 2005 (see Expansion & further consolidation. Sony has historically been notable for creating its own in-house standards for new recording and storage technologies instead of adopting those of other manufacturers and standards bodies. The remaining shares are held by EADS (37.5%) and Finmecannica (25%).

Washington Post: Pay Judgment Or Game Over, Sony Warned. BAE Systems holds a 37.5% share interest in the World's secong largest missile systems manufacturer, MBDA. district court judge ruled on the matter in March, 2005 and not only agreed with the federal jury's ruling but also added another US$8.7 million in damages. This co-operation dates back to 1995 when Saab and British Aerospace established a joint venture for Gripen export marketing. A U.S. Formed in 2001, Gripen International is a joint company for the marketing of the JAS-39 Gripen fighter. In 2004 a federal jury agreed with Immersion, awarding the company US$82 million in damages. The company is based in Bremen.

of San Jose, California which claimed that Sony's PlayStation "Dual Shock" controllers infringed on Immersion's patents. Atlas Elektronik, a German marine systems business, is a wholly owned subsidiary of BAE Systems. In 2002, Sony Computer Entertainment America, marketer of the popular PlayStation game consoles, was sued by Immersion Corp. The company provides vehicle management, power systems, guidance and control interfaces for vehicles, aircraft and UAVs. On September 13th 2004 a Sony-led consortium finalised the deal to purchase famous film studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for about $5 Billion, including $2Bn in debts. Platform Solutions is based in the US as part of BAE Systems North America with facilities in the UK. The new company will be called Sony BMG and will, together with RIAA partner Universal, control 60% of the world wide music market. This company is responsible for BAE Systems’ extensive range of underwater warfare products:.

On July 20th, 2004, the EU approved a 50-50 merger between Sony Music Entertainment and BMG. The order for the initial batch of three ships was place in 1997, with Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering, since absorbed into BAE Systems . Sony also owns television channels in India and channels aimed at Indian communities in Europe. The Astute class is a new generation of nuclear attack submarine (SSN) for the Royal Navy. Sony acquired Aiwa Corporation in 2002. The submarines are constructed at BAE Systems’ yard at Barrow-in-Furness. In 2000, Sony had sales of US $63 billion and 189,700 employees. BAE Systems Submarines, until 2003 a unit within BAE Systems Marine, is responsible for the development and production of the Astute class submarine.

It was subsequently renamed "Sony Pictures Entertainment" in 1991. An important part of the company is Property & Environmental Services which manages BAE Systems’ own property and provides specialist services such as defence site decommissioning. In 1989, Sony acquired Columbia Pictures Entertainment from Coca Cola for US $3.4 billion. Shared Services also manages BAE Systems’ Advanced Technology Centre and the company’s IT & e-services contracts. It was renamed "Sony Music Entertainment". It manages BAE Systems’ car and aircraft fleets, employee payroll, services and benefits. In 1988, Sony acquired CBS (Columbia) Records Group from CBS. BAE Systems Shared Services is the group with BAE Systems responsible for managing resources and directing operations.

[2]. While this unit no longer produces aircraft it continues to lease aircraft and provide support, spares and training for its products, the. also announced on the same date that current president, Kunitake Ando, will step down and be replaced by Ryoji Chubachi. BAE Systems Regional Aircraft produced the last fully UK-built airliner in November 2001, the Avro RJX (formerly the BAE 146). Sony Corp. Businesses purchased in the US by the former GEC businesses before the merger and BAE Systems after the merger include:. Sony's decision to replace Idei with Wales native Howard Stringer will mark the first time that a foreigner will run a major Japanese electronics firm. This has led to a situation where BAE Systems' North American operations now account for approximately 30% of the company’s profits while its UK operations (its "home market") now accounts for less than 25%.

announced that Nobuyuki Idei will step down as Chairman and Group CEO and will be replaced by Briton Sir Howard Stringer, current Chairman and CEO of Sony Corporation of America, Corporate Executive Officer, Vice Chairman and COO Sony Entertainment Business Group. This is important due to the unmatched $400bn spent on defence by the US government. On March 7th, 2005, Sony Corp. Perhaps the single most important division of BAE Systems, it is the business which gives BAE Systems access to the American aerospace and defence market. However, this huge growth in portable transistor radio sales, that saw Sony rise to be the dominant player in the consumer electronics field, [1] was not because of the consumers who had bought the earlier generation of tube radio consoles, but was driven by a distinctly new American phenomenon at the time called Rock and Roll. BAE Systems North America’s headquarters are in Rockville, Maryland and the division has facilities in 30 US states and Washington D.C. market and launched the new industry of consumer microelectronics." By the mid 1950s, American teens had began buying portable transistor radios in huge numbers, helping to propel the fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958. As well as services, construction products include:.

The TR-63 of 1957 cracked open the U.S. At the same time the Barrow shipyard, BAE Systems Marine (VSEL), became part of BAE Systems Submarines (see below). On page 209 of the book The Portable Radio in American Life by University of Arizona professor Michael Brian Schiffer, Ph.D., he wrote: "Sony was not first, but its transistor radio was the most successful. This new company took the surface vessel shipyards at Scotstoun and Govan, formerly part of BAE Systems Marine. The TR-63 was a shirt pocket transistor radio that was exported all over the world. Formed in 2003 BAE Systems Naval Ships was formed to centralise BAE Systems' shipbuilding operations. and a great sales success worldwide. With the acquisition of United Defense Industries in 2005 Land Systems became part of BAE Systems Land and Armaments, based in Arlington, VA, USA.

The following year, 1957, Sony came out with the TR-63 model, the then smallest (112 x 71 x 32 mm) set in commercial production. BROACH), Multiple Launch Rocket Systems, Tank and Artillery Ordnance, Electronic Systems. That same year they made the TR-6, a coat pocket radio which was used by the company to create its "SONY boy" advertising character. This group provides Armoured vehicles, explosives, Artillery Ammunition, Mortars, Small Arms, Naval Ammunition Launchers, Warheads (e.g. In 1956, Sony reportedly manufactured about 40,000 of its Model TR-72 box-like portable transistor radios and exported some of this model to North America, Holland and Germany. BAE Systems Land Systems was created in 2004 to consolidate BAE Systems’ land warfare systems expertise by bringing together RO Defence and the newly acquired Alvis Vickers. In August 1955, Sony produced its first coat-pocket sized transistor radio they registered as the TR-55 model. The RAF Tornado GR4 upgrade is an excellent example of the work undertaken by the CS&S division.

Eventually, both Ibuka and Mitsui Bank's chairman gave their approval. BAE Systems Customer Solutions & Support (CS&S) provides through life support and upgrades for defence forces. Akio Morita was firm, however, as he did not want the company name tied to any particular industry. The division is a major supplier of defence electronics, integrated command & control (C²) systems, radar, simulators, meteorological systems, data links and C4ISR battle management systems. They pushed for a name such as Sony Electronic Industries, or Sony Teletech. BAE Systems Integrated System Technologies (to be known informally as Insyte) was formed on May 3, 2005 by bringing together BAE Systems' interests in C4ISR and the UK operations of AMS following the Eurosystems Transaction (see Expansion & further consolidation for further details). The move was not without opposition: TTK's principal bank at the time, Mitsui, had strong feelings about the name. Air Systems manages BAE Systems’ military aircraft projects, primarily:.

At the time of the change, it was extremely unusual for a Japanese company to use Roman letters instead of Chinese characters to spell its name. Airbus UK started work on the wings for the Airbus A380 in August 2002. However "Sonny" seemed not to be appropriate since it sounds too much like the Japanese soh-nee which means something like "business goes bad", Akio Morita pushed for a word that does not exist in any language so that they could claim the word "Sony" as their own (which paid off when they sued a candy producer who also used the name who claimed that "Sony" was just an existing word in some language). In 2001 Airbus Industrie became Airbus S.A.S., the Airbus Integrated Company. The name "Sony" was chosen for the brand as a mix of the Latin word sonus, which is the root of sonic and sound, the English word "sunny", and from the word Sonny-boys which is Japanese slang for "whizz kids". In 1979 BAe rejoined the Airbus consortium. The primary reason they did not, is that the railway company Tokyo Kyuko was known as TKK. The British government withdrew support in 1969 but Hawker Siddeley was allowed to continue as supplier of the aircraft's wings due to the advanced stages of design and the reluctance of other nations to take over the wing design.

When Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo was looking for a romanized name to use to market themselves, they strongly considered using their initials, TTK. Hawker Siddeley (which merged with British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) in 1977 to form British Aerospace) was part of the first Airbus projects, the Airbus A300. Today Norio Ohga is Honorary Chairman, Howard Stringer is Chairman and CEO, and Ryoji Chubachi is President and Electronics CEO. Filton is also home to a retired Concorde. As it grew into a major international corporation, Sony acquired other companies with longer histories, including Columbia Records (the oldest continuously produced brand name in recorded sound, dating back to 1888). Airbus UK has two main sites; Broughton in North Wales carries out final assembly and Filton produces components and wing sections. Their first consumer product, in the late 1940s, was a rice boiler. Airbus UK is a wholly owned subsidiary of BAE Systems and produces wings for the Airbus aircraft family.

Sony was founded by Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita on May 7, 1946 as the Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering with about 20 employees. It's not just business, it's political." [5]. . This is a business that takes time to understand. See also Sony Corporation shareholders and subsidiaries. Turner did suggest however that Olver was on a learning curve, "He'll fully understand it [in 5 years]. Sony Corporation is traded on the Tokyo Stock Exchange under number 6758 and on the NYSE as SNE through ADR. In June 2005 Turner heightened investor concerns of boardroom tensions by crticising Olver's knowledge of the defence industry, "[he] has a low knowledge base and knows nothing about our industry" [4].

It is currently one of the world's largest producers of consumer electronics and is one of the biggest corporations in Japan. These suggest that Olver has been involving himself in parts of the business which a Chairman traditionally hasn't. Sony Corporation (Japanese katakana: ソニー) (TYO: 6758), NYSE: SNE is a global consumer electronics corporation based in Tokyo, Japan. Reports in 2005 have suggested that relations between the Chairman (Olver) and CEO (Turner) are strained. (The University of Arizona Press, 1991). Harry Stonecipher, former CEO of Boeing, has criticised the vertical integration of BAE Systems. The Portable Radio in American Life by University of Arizona Professor Michael Brian Schiffer, Ph.D. This review will advise the group on what its strategy should be and hence what acquisitions or disposals it needs to make.

SONY Radio, Sony Transistor Radio 35th Anniversary 1955-1990 - information booklet (1990). In July, 2004 Olver announced a review of all of BAE Systems' activities, which will be conducted by independent analysts lead by investment bank Morgan Stanley. Made in Japan by Akio Morita and SONY, Harper Collins (1994). We think it is good to be taking a fresh look at things." [3]. The story of Sony's foray into the American commercial market is documented in Terry Sanders' film The Japan Project: Made in Japan. Significantly the first meeting between Olver and Hoon is said to have gone well, a MoD official has said "He is a man we can do business with. PlayStation 3 (Spring 2006). It is understood that Turner, like Evans, has a poor working relationship with senior Ministry of Defence officials, including the Defence Secretary Geoff Hoon.

Librie (2004-). Weston was forced out in what was a surprise move. Universal Media Disc (UMD) (2004-). BAE Systems' CEO is Mike Turner, who replaced John Weston in 2002. PlayStation Portable (2004-). BAE Systems took a hit of $1.369bn on these projects. Qrio (2003-). This was due to cost overruns of the Nimrod MR4 maritime reconnaissance/attack aircraft and the Astute SSN projects.

PSX (2003-). This appointment came at a significant time with stock market confidence still recovering from a shock profit warning in December 2002. Blu-Ray Disc (2003-). Dick Olver, formerly the deputy chief-executive of BP, succeeded Sir Richard on July 1, 2004. Qualia (2003-). In late March 2004, after more than 30 years with the company (and its predecessors), BAE Systems' longstanding Chairman Sir Richard Evans announced his successor. HDV (2003-). In the company's 2003 Annual Report Sir Richard Evans sums up BAE Systems' strategy since the Marconi merger:.

SonicStage (2003 - ). On May 3, 2005, the Eurosystems Transaction was finalised with:. MicroMV (2002-). On January 28, 2005 BAE Systems and Finmeccanica announced the intention to dissolve their partnership in the AMS joint venture with AMS' UK and Italian operations to be taken over by the respective partners as arranged through the Eurosystems Transaction. CLIÉ (2000-2005). UDI manufactures combat vehicles, artillery systems, naval guns, missile launchers and precision guided munitions. Aibo (1999-). UDI is primarily a land systems manufacturer, boosting BAE Systems' involvement in this sector and its sales in the important North American market.

PlayStation 2 (1999-). On March 7, 2005 BAE Systems announced the $3.974bn acquisition of the United States defence company United Defense Industries (UDI). Super Audio CD (1998-). On February 20, 2005 The Observer reported that BAE Systems was considering selling its 20% stake in Airbus to pursue further acquisitions in the US; a BAE Systems source denied any such move. HiFD (1998-2001). It has been seen as an attempt to keep such a strong competitor "at bay" in BAE Systems' "backyard.". Memory Stick (1998-). What had seemed a certain win for the US company was stopped by BAE Systems' surprise move.

Ruvi (1998-1999). On June 4, 2004 BAE Systems outbid General Dynamics for Alvis Vickers. Digital Mavica (1997-). As of 2005 the more likely move for BAE Systems' shipbuilding operations is their merger with other British shipyards to form a "Newco" shipbuilding company. VAIO (1997-). BAE Systems without its shipbuilding assets would be a more attractive partner to an American company such as Boeing - which has stated that the shipbuilding operations are of no interest to them. FD Trinitron (1996-). If it decided to sell it was understood that General Dynamics would like to acquire the submarine building facilities at Barrow, while Vosper Thornycroft was said to be interested in the remaining yards.

Digital8 (1999-). The company would only say that it was reviewing its operations. Cyber-shot (1996-). In May 2004, it was reported that BAE Systems was considering selling its shipbuilding division, the two Clyde shipyards and the Barrow-in-Furness yard. MiniDV (1995-). BAE Systems faces considerably fewer hurdles in this sense than their European counterparts, as there is a high degree of integration between the US and UK defence establishments. DV (1995-). This is particularly the case if BAE Systems can win prime-contractor status on a major project.

Magic Link (1994-1997). The company already has $9bn worth of sales to the Pentagon and any further move into the North American market would yield yet more. PlayStation (later PS one) (1994-2004). The appeal of a link with a North American company is irresistible as the US defence market is by far the largest in the world. MiniDisc (1992-). However, if that were the only stumbling block, it seems likely that BAE Systems would gladly sell its minority share in Airbus to gain a greater share in North American aerospace and defence projects. NT (1991-??). Later that year the Boeing's Chief Executive denied any possibility of a North American merger on the grounds of "conflict of interest" pertaining to the affiliation with the Airbus consortium.

Video Walkman (1989-). In June 2003, rumours started to circulate about a possible merger with either Boeing (who acquired BAE Systems' former partner McDonnell Douglas in 1997) or Lockheed Martin. Hi8 (1989-). This deal produces nearly half of the company's profits, £411m ($700m) out of £980m in 2003. CD-R (with Phillips) (1988-). Of all the company's activities the most profitable are the Al Yamamah contracts to supply and support the Royal Saudi Air Force. D2 (1988-). With almost total consolidation of the defence industry on the European continent, BAE Systems turned its attention to North America, for example acquiring Lockheed Martin Control Systems, (LMCS) which produces controls for the B-2 Spirit bomber, the C-17 Globemaster strategic transport, the F/A-18, the Boeing 757 and Boeing 767 commercial jets.

NEWS (1987-??). Various conditions were attached to approval of the merger between BAe and MES. DAT (1987-). These Articles include the following requirements:. D1 (1987-). This shareholding prevents amendments of certain parts of the Articles of Association without the Secretary of State's permission. Video8 (1985-??). This special share, with a nominal value of £1, is held on behalf of the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry.

Handycam (1985-). BAE Systems inherited the "special" shareholding that was established when British Aerospace was privatised. CD-ROM (1985-). Major European companies such as Thales and EADS are unlikely to ever be awarded, for example, a position relative to BAE Systems' involvement in the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter programme. Discman (1984-). Since the creation of BAE Systems the company has steadily increased its investment in, and its revenues from, the US, while continental European companies have made limited moves into that massive market. 3½" diskette (1983-). This group was joined by Spain’s CASA following an agreement in December 1999.

Compact Disc (1982-). Following that decision, DASA instead merged with Aerospatiale to create the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS). Betacam (1982-). This move, to create what could be described as a UK company compared to what would have been an Anglo-German firm, made the possibility of penetration of the United States (US) defence market more likely. Mavica (1981-??). It was widely anticipated that BAe would merge with Germany’s DASA to form a pan-European aerospace giant, however BAe chose instead to merge with GEC’s defence electronics business. DASH (1980). The merger had been agreed on April 27, 1999.

Walkman (1979-). It was formed on November 30, 1999 with the merger of British Aerospace (BAe) and Marconi Electronic Systems (MES), the defence arm of The General Electric Company (GEC). Elcaset (1976-1980). . Betamax (1975-1998). Based in the United Kingdom (UK) the company has extensive worldwide interests, particularly North America. U-matic (1971-1983). BAE Systems, plc is the world's fourth largest defense contractor [2] and a commercial aerospace products manufacturer.

Trinitron (1968-). This is due for delivery around 2018. Transistor radios (1955-). Future Offensive Air System
BAE Systems seem well placed to provide the replacement for the Tornado in the deep strike role. Reel-to-reel tape recorders (1950-??). Royal Navy CVF
Future aircraft carrier, produced together with the Thales Group. The Sony PlayStation Portable uses the proprietary Universal Media Disc format to store games and movies. Type 45 Destroyer
Next generation Royal Navy air defence destroyer, armed with the PAAMS missile defence system.

However, both formats have significant industry backing and it is unclear whether this will prove to be a mistake for Sony, or whether their format will win out. Astute class submarine
Next generation Royal Navy nuclear-powered attack submarine. Sony has been accused of repeating mistakes with its Blu-Ray disc format, which looks likely to compete with Toshiba's HD-DVD format. Guns and turrets. Until late 2004, Sony's Network Walkman line of digital portable music players did not support the MP3 de facto standard natively, although the software provided with them would convert MP3 files into the ATRAC or ATRAC3 formats. Ammunition. Since the introduction of the MiniDisc format, Sony has attempted to promote its own audio compression technologies under the ATRAC brand, against more widely-used formats like MP3 or even Windows Media Audio. 155mm Field Howitzer.

Ultimately SDDS has been vastly overshadowed by the preferred DTS (Digital Theatre System) and Dolby Digital standards in both the motion picture industry and home audio formats. Bofors Defence

    . Unlike Dolby Digital, SDDS utilized a method of backup by having mirrored arrays of bits on both sides of the film which acted as a measure of reliability in case the film was partially damaged. Mk41 Vertical Launching System (VLS). In 1993 Sony challenged the industry standard Dolby Digital 5.1 surround sound format with its newer and more advanced proprietary motion picture digital audio format called SDDS (Sony Dynamic Digital Sound) This format employed eight channels (7.1) of audio opposed to just six used in Dolby Digital 5.1 at the time. Crusader. It also attempted to compete with the Iomega Zip drive and Imation SuperDisk with their HiFD, but this proved a severe failure. M113 Family.

    Sony also makes heavy use of its Memory Stick flash memory cards for digital cameras and other portable devices, which few other manufacturers use. M109 Paladin. which left it in an awkward position when rivals later adopted CD-R and MP3. M3 Bradley Cavalry Fighting Vehicle. MiniDisc was created by Sony to replace cassette tapes. M2 Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle. CAESAR advanced artillery system.

    Advance Gun System (AGS) for next generation United States Navy surface combatants. United Defense

      .
        . M777 howitzer.

        Challenger II. BAE Systems Land Systems

          . BAE Systems Land and Armaments
            . Sea Harrier FA2
            Marinised Harrier, primarily air defence.

            GR9 is an avionics and weapons upgrade of the standard GR7 to allow carriage of the latest smart weapons, new inertial navigation and Global Positioning Systems. Harrier GR7/GR9
            Offensive support aircraft. Tornado F3
            Primary RAF air defence aircraft (to be replaced by Typhoon). Addition of MBDA's Brimstone and Storm Shadow missiles will increase the potency of the aircraft.

            Tornado GR4
            Primary RAF strike aircraft, recently upgraded from GR1 standard. F-35 Joint Strike Fighter
            Produced with Lockheed Martin Aeronautics and Northrop Grumman. Eurofighter Typhoon
            Produced with EADS and Alenia Aeronautica, advanced air-to-air fighter with air-to-ground capabilities. Suffering from massive cost increases and delays.

            BAE Nimrod MRA4
            Upgraded Nimrod MR2 maritime patrol aircraft. See also T-45 Goshawk, aircraft carrier-ready Hawk variant for the United States Navy. BAE Hawk
            Advanced jet trainer/light attack. Produced through Airbus Military.

            Airbus A400M
            Strategic airlifter to compete with 1st generation C-130 Hercules. Airbus
            BAE Systems manufactures the wings for the entire Airbus family, the A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350 (yet to be formally launched) and A380 (right). SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems (25%). Saab Military Aircraft (20.5%).

            MBDA (37.5%). Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH (33%). (20%). Airbus S.A.S.

            Acoustics countermeasures. Remote minesweepers. Spearfish torpedo. Stingray torpedo.

            BAe 748. Jetstream. BAe ATP. Avro RJ/BAE 146 family.

            2005 - United Defense Industries. 2004 - ALPHATECH. 2004 - DigitalNet Holdings Inc. 2004 - Boeing Commercial Electronics.

            2004 - STI Government Systems. 2003 - MEVATEC. 2003 - Advanced Power Technologies, Inc (APTI). 2000 - Lockheed Martin Control Systems (LCMS).

            1998 - Tracor. Offshore patrol vessels. Type 45 Destroyer. Royal Navy Future Carrier (CVF).

            CS&S Naval has completed the reactivation of the Royal Navy's Type 22 Frigates for Romania. Past projects include reactivation of the Upholder class, now reactivated as the Victoria Class submarines for the Canadian Government, and Vanguard class upgrades. CS&S Naval provides maintenance, repairs, minor and major refits for naval vessels. This includes simulator construction and support and operation of the RAF’s North Sea Air Combat Manoeuvring Instrumentation (AMCI) Range.

            Training Solutions provides a wide range of services. BAE Systems Australia provides the same services as the wider CS&S organization but is based in Australia. Operational Services provides spares and support for BAE Systems products including the Hawk, VC-10, Canberra, Nimrod and Jaguar aircraft as well as naval products. Nimrod MRA4.

            BAE Hawk. F-35 Joint Strike Fighter. Eurofighter Typhoon. the avionics portions of BAE Systems and Finmeccanica being brought together to form the new SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems (S&AS) joint venture held by shares of 25% and 75% respectively, with the option for Finmeccanica to later purchase the remaining 25%.

            the communications systems portions of AMS and BAE Systems being sold to Selenia Communications, a division of Finmeccanica. the UK operations of AMS (minus air traffic control and communication systems) being brought together with the C4ISR division of BAE Systems (minus communication systems) to form the new Integrated System Technologies (Insyte) division of BAE Systems. The remit of this job was strictly set out, including the qualifications (length of time with the company etc), access to staff and information, and independence. A compliance officer was appointed by BAE Systems to ensure the new company followed these requirements and procedures.

            Other relevant projects were; the Future Scout & Cavalry System (FSCS)/TRACER Program (“FSCS/TRACER Program”), Skynet 5, Astute class Training Programme and MES shipbuilding projects. An example of this was the initial stages of the Joint Strike Fighter programme where MES was involved in Boeing's X-32 project and BAe supported Lockheed Martin's X-35 bid. Due to the competition of BAe and MES in various major defence projects, the company was ordered to set up various "firewalls" to prevent interaction between the former MES and BAe teams on those projects. the new subsidiaries must not automatically receive sub-contracts.

            BAE Systems must competitively tender sub-contracts, i.e. including external companies) on equal terms. Further these subsidiaries must be available to all potential prime contractors (i.e. The MES shipyards and Marconi Avionics were to be kept as subsidiaries of the new company, with independent financial accounts.

            The CEO and Chairman must be British. The majority of the board must be British citizens. No foreign person, or persons acting together, may hold more than 15% of the company's shares.