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Skateboarding

A skateboarder in the middle of a trick

Skateboarding is the act of rolling on or interacting with a skateboard. Someone who skateboards is a skater (or skateboarder or most fully skateboard rider), though the shortest term may also refer to someone ice skating or roller skating.

Like roller skating, skateboarding is often done for recreation and as a sport, but, more often than ice skating, it is a method of transportation. Skateboarding has been thought of by many as part of the extreme sports family, which also includes (but not restricted to) snowboarding, BMX, and surfing.

History of the skateboard

The history of skateboarding goes hand in hand with the history of the skateboard. Improvements in skateboarding equipment have spurred advancement in skateboarding techniques and new techniques have required new equipment.

Skateboarding has its origins in surfing, and was originally called "sidewalk surfing". While surfing influenced skateboarding in it's early days, now the reverse is also true. Surfers are adapting skateboarding tricks into surfing, and the result is evolution in both sports.

The first skateboard

The first commercial skateboard was the Roller Derby Skateboard that was introduced in 1959. Before this skateboards were home made pieces of wooden planks with roller skates attached to the bottom. At the time there was a rapidly growing interest in skateboarding (sometimes referred to as sidewalk surfing) and soon many other similar products emerged. The boards were from 6 to 7 inches wide. These boards used wheels made of clay. They had poor traction and would come to a dead stop when rolling over even small pebbles. This made skateboarding inherently a dangerous sport and after a few years many cities banned skateboarding because of liability concerns. This development caused the first skateboarding fad to die completely in the fall of 1965. Many skateboard manufacturers went out of business because of losing money on cancelled orders for the Christmas holiday season.

The second generation

In 1970 Frank Nasworthy started to develop a skateboard wheel made of urethane. The improvement in traction and performance was so immense that popularity of skateboarding started to rise rapidly again. With the growing interest companies started to invest more in product development and many companies started to manufacture trucks especially designed for skateboarding. As the equipment became more maneuverable the decks started to get wider, reaching widths of 10 inches and over in the end, thus giving the skateboarder even more control. Manufacturers started to experiment with more exotic composites, like fiberglass and aluminium but the common skateboards were made of maple plywood. The skateboarders took advantage of the improved handling of their skateboards and started inventing new tricks. Skateboarders, most notably the Z-Boys, started to skate the vertical walls of swimming pools that were left empty in the 1976 California drought. With increased control skateboarders could skate faster and perform more dangerous tricks. This caused liability concerns and increased insurance costs to skatepark owners. Many skateparks went out of business and the parks were torn down or bulldozed. In the end of 1980, skateboarding had died again.

The third generation

The third skateboard generation, from early eighties to early nineties, was started by skateboard companies that actively promoted their sport. The focus was initially on halfpipe and vert ramp skateboarding. The invention of the ollie made it possible for skaters to perform huge airs off vertical ramps. With vert skating being dominant decks were initially very wide with large and wide wheels, though as time progressed and skateparks became fewer in number, street skating was gaining popularity, causing a change in both deck shape and wheel size. Manufacturers preferred maple plywood over more exotic composite materials almost exclusively. The third skateboarding generation was killed by the global economical recession in the early 90's.

The current generation

The size and shape of the fourth and current generation of skateboards is dominated by one trick: the ollie. The boards are all about 7.75" wide and 31.5" long. The wheels have an extremely hard durometer so that they will slide better during grind and slide tricks. The wheel sizes are relatively small so that the boards will rotate more easily during flip tricks. In the early 1990's, the wheels were only marginally larger than the bearings they encased to make complicated flip tricks easier but that fad died in 1994 and wheels currently are around 50 to 58mm in diameter. The decks are still almost always maple plywood but interest in high technology materials has increased slightly after the cost of manufacturing them has dropped.

Trick skating

see: Skateboarding trick for detailed description of trick skating maneuvers

Even young children can have fun at the skatepark.

With the evolution of skateboard parks (or skateparks) and ramp riding, the skateboard began to change. Skating was originally basically two-dimensional tricks (e.g. riding on only the front wheels (nose manual), spinning like an ice skater on the back wheels (a 360), high jumping over a bar, long jumping from one board to another (often over fearless teenagers lying on their backs), slalom, etc.) Around 1978 or so, street riding became transformed by the invention of the ollie or no hands aerial, the first modern skateboarding trick, by Alan "Ollie" Gelfand. To ollie is to fly off the ground (flat or a wall) with the board, but without holding onto the board and then landing back on the board. It involves using your feet to press against the board in various complicated combinations, depending on the trick to be performed. The trick was reinvented by Rodney Mullen in the 80's, being transferred to the horizontal plane and used as a trick for freestyle skating (a style of skating popular in the 70's and 80's based on stationary maneuvers). No longer is the trick to fly from one place to another. On the way the board can twist and flip, as can the rider, then to be united before hitting ground. The development of these complex tricks went from the street to the vertical tops of the half pipes (and other terrains).

Very skillful skateboarders often become famous through sponsorship and endorsements. Examples include Tony Hawk (who has a series of video games in his name), Bob Burnquist, Rodney Mullen, Mike Vallely, Steve Caballero, Bam Margera and Josh Kalis (who has appeared in numerous television advertisements for DC Shoes). Hawk has recently appeared in the MTV music video awards. In the vert world, some are surpassing the skills of Tony Hawk. Recently his signature trick, the "900," was performed by an Italian skater named Georgio Zattoni and a Brazillian skater by the name of Sandro Dias. Also, Danny Way is considered by some to be the most innovative and daring skater, flying across the "DC Megaramps", and planning on jumping both the Great Wall of China and the Grand Canyon. Many styles today are a mimic of Tom Penny, who is a pioneer and in the early 1990s was the first skater to catch his flip tricks in mid air.

All this from an object that was never designed to lock into grinds, flip in the air or do the tricks performed by today's skateboarders. Throwing themselves down large stairs and handrails only ups the ante in the modern skateboarding world. Today's skateboarders not only differ greatly from those only 10 years ago in terms of tricks and consistency, but also style, which is a very important aspect in the way skateboarders are marketed by skateboarding companies.

Famous Skateboarders

  • Jay Adams
  • Tony Alva
  • Mark Appleyard
  • Stephen Berra
  • Bob Burnquist
  • Steve Caballero
  • Kareem Campbell
  • Rune Glifberg
  • Mark Gonzales
  • Tony Hawk
  • Heath Kirchart
  • Eric Koston
  • Bucky Lasek
  • Jason Lee
  • Bam Margera
  • Guy Mariano
  • Rodney Mullen
  • Chad Muska
  • Tom Penny
  • Stacy Peralta
  • Andrew Reynolds
  • Geoff Rowley
  • Kanten Russell
  • Arto Saari
  • Elissa Steamer
  • Aaron Suski
  • Ed Templeton
  • Jamie Thomas
  • Tony Trujillo
  • Mike Vallely
  • Danny Way

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Today's skateboarders not only differ greatly from those only 10 years ago in terms of tricks and consistency, but also style, which is a very important aspect in the way skateboarders are marketed by skateboarding companies.
. Throwing themselves down large stairs and handrails only ups the ante in the modern skateboarding world. Their daughter, Jaz Elle, was born on October 3, 2003. All this from an object that was never designed to lock into grinds, flip in the air or do the tricks performed by today's skateboarders. Their son, Jaden Gil, was born 6 weeks prematurely on October 26. Many styles today are a mimic of Tom Penny, who is a pioneer and in the early 1990s was the first skater to catch his flip tricks in mid air. With only their mothers as witnesses, they were married at his home on October 22, 2001.

Recently his signature trick, the "900," was performed by an Italian skater named Georgio Zattoni and a Brazillian skater by the name of Sandro Dias. Also, Danny Way is considered by some to be the most innovative and daring skater, flying across the "DC Megaramps", and planning on jumping both the Great Wall of China and the Grand Canyon. By the time the divorce was final, Agassi was dating Steffi Graf. In the vert world, some are surpassing the skills of Tony Hawk. Agassi filed for divorce, which was granted on April 9, 1999. Hawk has recently appeared in the MTV music video awards. The case was dismissed, but the headlines were indicative of the union. Examples include Tony Hawk (who has a series of video games in his name), Bob Burnquist, Rodney Mullen, Mike Vallely, Steve Caballero, Bam Margera and Josh Kalis (who has appeared in numerous television advertisements for DC Shoes). That February, they had filed suit against The National Enquirer claiming it printed "false and fabricated" statements: Brooke was undergoing counseling, binge-eating and taking pills; Agassi "lashed into" Brooke and he and Brooke's mother "tangled like wildcats" when she demanded a prenup.

Very skillful skateboarders often become famous through sponsorship and endorsements. After a four-year courtship, Agassi married Brooke Shields in a lavish ceremony on April 19, 1997. The development of these complex tricks went from the street to the vertical tops of the half pipes (and other terrains).
. On the way the board can twist and flip, as can the rider, then to be united before hitting ground.
. No longer is the trick to fly from one place to another.
.

The trick was reinvented by Rodney Mullen in the 80's, being transferred to the horizontal plane and used as a trick for freestyle skating (a style of skating popular in the 70's and 80's based on stationary maneuvers). As of 2005, Agassi is the oldest active singles player on the ATP Tour. It involves using your feet to press against the board in various complicated combinations, depending on the trick to be performed. In addition to this, Agassi also earns over $25 Million a year through endorsements, the most by a tennis player and fourth in all sports (1st place is Tiger Woods at $70 Million/year). To ollie is to fly off the ground (flat or a wall) with the board, but without holding onto the board and then landing back on the board. Agassi has earned over $25 Million throughout his career, second only to Pete Sampras. riding on only the front wheels (nose manual), spinning like an ice skater on the back wheels (a 360), high jumping over a bar, long jumping from one board to another (often over fearless teenagers lying on their backs), slalom, etc.) Around 1978 or so, street riding became transformed by the invention of the ollie or no hands aerial, the first modern skateboarding trick, by Alan "Ollie" Gelfand. In 1992, Andre was awarded the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Overseas Personality Award.

Skating was originally basically two-dimensional tricks (e.g. Agassi has represented the USA in Davis Cup play many times, compiling a lifetime record of 30-6 in 22 tries. With the evolution of skateboard parks (or skateparks) and ramp riding, the skateboard began to change. He won the tennis singles event at Atlanta in 1996. see: Skateboarding trick for detailed description of trick skating maneuvers. He also became the first male tennis player to win all four Grand Slams and an Olympic gold medal. The decks are still almost always maple plywood but interest in high technology materials has increased slightly after the cost of manufacturing them has dropped. (The previous players had won the Australian Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open on grass courts and Roland Garros on clay.) Agassi won the Australian Open on Rebound Ace, Roland Garros on clay, Wimbledon on grass, and the US Open on hard court.

In the early 1990's, the wheels were only marginally larger than the bearings they encased to make complicated flip tricks easier but that fad died in 1994 and wheels currently are around 50 to 58mm in diameter. Even more impressive, he is the first male tennis player to win Grand Slams on four different surfaces. The wheel sizes are relatively small so that the boards will rotate more easily during flip tricks. Agassi is one of only five male players to have won all the Grand Slam tournaments in a career, along with Don Budge, Roy Emerson, Rod Laver and Fred Perry. The wheels have an extremely hard durometer so that they will slide better during grind and slide tricks. He was the target of one of the fastest serves recorded, a 149-mph (240 km/h) blast from Andy Roddick—and returned it into play. The boards are all about 7.75" wide and 31.5" long. Most agree that Agassi is the best serve returner in the history of professional tennis.

The size and shape of the fourth and current generation of skateboards is dominated by one trick: the ollie. His serve is slightly above-average at best among the top players on the men's tour (due to his lack of speed but good placement), but his return-of-serve is his claim to fame. The third skateboarding generation was killed by the global economical recession in the early 90's. However, he often makes contact with the ball inside the baseline, unlike most baseliners, who make 4-8 feet behind the baseline their home. Manufacturers preferred maple plywood over more exotic composite materials almost exclusively. Agassi keeps in exceptional shape and can outlast most players over the course of a long match, even the best counterpunchers. He typically employs a baseline style of play, rarely serving-and-volleying. With vert skating being dominant decks were initially very wide with large and wide wheels, though as time progressed and skateparks became fewer in number, street skating was gaining popularity, causing a change in both deck shape and wheel size. After winning a match, he bows and blows a two-handed kiss to the spectators on each side of the court, a gesture most take as a rather humble acknowledgment of their support for him and for tennis.

The invention of the ollie made it possible for skaters to perform huge airs off vertical ramps. Perhaps most remarkably, he has emerged as a gracious and thoughtful athlete, something of an elder statesman. The focus was initially on halfpipe and vert ramp skateboarding. Agassi rededicated himself to tennis: he shaved his balding head, began a rigorous conditioning program, and worked his way back to the ATP by playing Challenger Tournaments, a circuit for pros ranked 50th and lower. The third skateboard generation, from early eighties to early nineties, was started by skateboard companies that actively promoted their sport. "Image is everything" was the ads's tag line, and it became Agassi's as well, but by November 1997, his ranking had plunged to 141. In the end of 1980, skateboarding had died again. He boasted of a cheeseburger-heavy diet and endorsed the Canon Rebel camera.

Many skateparks went out of business and the parks were torn down or bulldozed. He grew his hair to rock-star length, sported an earring, and wore colorful shirts that pushed tennis' still-strict sartorial boundaries. This caused liability concerns and increased insurance costs to skatepark owners. As a youngster, Agassi embraced a rebel image. Skateboarders, most notably the Z-Boys, started to skate the vertical walls of swimming pools that were left empty in the 1976 California drought. With increased control skateboarders could skate faster and perform more dangerous tricks. Few athletes have so completely overhauled their public persona. The skateboarders took advantage of the improved handling of their skateboards and started inventing new tricks. He surpassed $2 million in career prize money in December 1988 after just 43 tournaments -- the quickest player in history to do so.

Manufacturers started to experiment with more exotic composites, like fiberglass and aluminium but the common skateboards were made of maple plywood. When he was 14, Andre was shipped off to teaching guru Nick Bollettieri's Tennis Academy in Florida, and turned pro when he was 16. As the equipment became more maneuverable the decks started to get wider, reaching widths of 10 inches and over in the end, thus giving the skateboarder even more control. Andre's sister, Rita, finally rebelled and moved in with, and later married, Pancho Gonzalez (their son, Skylar, played on Bishop-Gorman High School's tennis team). With the growing interest companies started to invest more in product development and many companies started to manufacture trucks especially designed for skateboarding. Mike had Andre practice with Ilie Nastase and Jimmy Connors. The improvement in traction and performance was so immense that popularity of skateboarding started to rise rapidly again. Growing up, Andre and his siblings had to hit 3,000 balls every day, seven days a week.

In 1970 Frank Nasworthy started to develop a skateboard wheel made of urethane. He hung tennis balls over Andre's crib, and gave him a full-sized racket at age 2. Many skateboard manufacturers went out of business because of losing money on cancelled orders for the Christmas holiday season. Mike Agassi was a tennis fanatic, to put it nicely, determined to turn at least one of his four children into a world-class player. This development caused the first skateboarding fad to die completely in the fall of 1965. His father, Emmanuel "Mike" Agassi, was a boxer for Iran in the 1948 and 1952 Olympics before emigrating to the U.S. This made skateboarding inherently a dangerous sport and after a few years many cities banned skateboarding because of liability concerns. Agassi, an ethnic Armenian & Assyrian, was born and raised in Las Vegas, and lives there when not on tour.

They had poor traction and would come to a dead stop when rolling over even small pebbles. He is a former World No. 1 in the ATP rankings. These boards used wheels made of clay. As of 2005, he has won over $29 million in prize money. The boards were from 6 to 7 inches wide. He has fifty nine career singles titles including eight Grand Slam titles. At the time there was a rapidly growing interest in skateboarding (sometimes referred to as sidewalk surfing) and soon many other similar products emerged. Andre Kirk Agassi (born April 29, 1970, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA) is an American professional tennis player (1986-).

Before this skateboards were home made pieces of wooden planks with roller skates attached to the bottom. Australian Open 2005 4th Round: defeated Joachim Johansson 6-7, 7-6, 7-6, 6-4 despite being aced 51 times, a world record. The first commercial skateboard was the Roller Derby Skateboard that was introduced in 1959. Open 2002 Final: lost to Pete Sampras, 6-3, 6-4, 5-7, 6-4, in what turned out to be Sampras' last competitive match. Surfers are adapting skateboarding tricks into surfing, and the result is evolution in both sports. U.S. While surfing influenced skateboarding in it's early days, now the reverse is also true. Open 2001 Quarter-final: lost to Pete Sampras, 6-7, 7-6, 7-6, 7-6, despite not losing a service game.

Skateboarding has its origins in surfing, and was originally called "sidewalk surfing". U.S. Improvements in skateboarding equipment have spurred advancement in skateboarding techniques and new techniques have required new equipment. Australian Open 2000 Semi-final: defeated Pete Sampras, 6-4, 3-6, 6-7, 7-6, 6-1, en route to his second Australian Open championship. The history of skateboarding goes hand in hand with the history of the skateboard. Open final 1999: defeated Todd Martin 6-4, 6-7, 6-7, 6-3, 6-2, in another come-from-behind thriller. Skateboarding has been thought of by many as part of the extreme sports family, which also includes (but not restricted to) snowboarding, BMX, and surfing. U.S.

Like roller skating, skateboarding is often done for recreation and as a sport, but, more often than ice skating, it is a method of transportation. French Open final 1999: defeated Andrei Medvedev 1-6, 2-6, 6-4, 6-3, 6-4, in a spectacular come-from-behind victory to complete his career Grand Slam. Someone who skateboards is a skater (or skateboarder or most fully skateboard rider), though the shortest term may also refer to someone ice skating or roller skating. Wimbledon semi-final 1998: lost to Patrick Rafter, 7-5, 4-6, 7-5, 4-6, 6-3, in a tense five-set match. Skateboarding is the act of rolling on or interacting with a skateboard. Wimbledon final 1992: defeated Goran Ivanisevic, 6-7, 6-4, 6-4, 1-6, 6-4 for his first Grand Slam win and only Wimbledon championship. Danny Way. French Open final 1990: lost to Andrés Gómez, 6-3, 2-6, 6-4, 6-4, in his first Grand Slam final.

Mike Vallely. Tony Trujillo. Jamie Thomas. Ed Templeton.

Aaron Suski. Elissa Steamer. Arto Saari. Kanten Russell.

Geoff Rowley. Andrew Reynolds. Stacy Peralta. Tom Penny.

Chad Muska. Rodney Mullen. Guy Mariano. Bam Margera.

Jason Lee. Bucky Lasek. Eric Koston. Heath Kirchart.

Tony Hawk. Mark Gonzales. Rune Glifberg. Kareem Campbell.

Steve Caballero. Bob Burnquist. Stephen Berra. Mark Appleyard.

Tony Alva. Jay Adams.