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San Diego, California

San Diego redirects here. For other uses, see San Diego (disambiguation).
City nickname: "America's Finest City"

Location of San Diego within San Diego County
County San Diego
Mayor Dick Murphy*
Area
 - Land
 - Water
372.0 mi² / 963.6 km²
324.3 mi² / 840.0 km²
47.7 mi² / 123.5 km²
Population
 - Total (2005)
 - Density
3,051,280 (metropolitan area)
1,305,736 (city proper)
1,456.4/km²
Time zone
 - summer (DST)
PST (UTC-8)
PDT (UTC-7)
Latitude
Longitude
32°46'
117°8'
Official website: http://www.sandiego.gov/

San Diego is a city located in the southwestern corner of the state of California and the southwestern corner of the continental United States. It is the county seat of San Diego County, California. The city is noted for its temperate climate and numerous beaches. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 1,223,400. As of 2005 the California Department of Finance estimates the city to have 1,305,736 residents. The city is the second largest in California and the seventh largest in the United States.

San Diego is the home of various military facilities including Navy ports, Marine bases, and Coast Guard stations. It is the home port of the largest naval fleet in the world, including two Navy supercarriers, the USS Nimitz and the USS Ronald Reagan, five amphibs, several nuclear submarines, and numerous smaller ships. One of the United States Marine Corps' two Recruit Depots is located here. Several Navy vessels have been named USS San Diego in honor of the city. N.S. North Island is also known as the birthplace of Naval Aviation, (though Pensacola Naval Station makes a rival claim to being the "Cradle of Naval Aviation.")

History

The area has long been inhabited by the Kumeyaay people. The first European to visit the region was Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, sailing for Spain, in 1542. He named it San Miguel. The San Diego Bay and the area of present day San Diego were given their present names by Sebastian Vizcaino when he was mapping the coastline of Alta California for Spain in 1602. The explorers camped near a Native American village called "Nipaguay" and celebrated Mass in honor of San (or Saint) Diego de Alcala (Saint Didacus of Alcalá). California was then part of the colony of New Spain.

In 1769, Gaspar de Portolá and his expedition founded a presidio (or military post) and on Sunday July 16, Franciscan Fathers Junípero Serra, Juan Viscaino and Fernando Parron raised and blessed a cross, establishing the first mission in Upper California, Mission San Diego de Alcala. Colonists began arriving in 1774, and the following year, 1775 the native people rebelled. They killed the priest and two others, and burned the mission. Father Serra organized the rebuilding and two years later a more fire-proof adobe structure was started. By 1797 the mission had become the largest in California, with over 1,400 natives associated with it.

In 1821, Spain recognized Mexico's independence. The governor of Alta California and Baja California moved the capital to San Diego from Monterey. The mission was secularized in 1834 and 432 persons petitioned Governor José Figueroa to form a town, and Commandant Santiago Arguello endorsed it. Juan Maria Osuna was elected the first alcalde (or mayor), winning over Pio Pico in the 13 ballots cast. However the population of the town shrank to little over a hundred persons, and by the late 1830s it lost its township until the province of Alta California became part of the United States of America in 1850 following the Mexican-American War. The village was designated the seat of the newly designated "San Diego County" and incorporated as a city.

In 1885, San Diego was linked to the rest of the nation by railroad. San Diego was reincorporated as a city in 1886.

Significant U.S. Naval presence began in 1907 with the establishment of the Navy Coaling Station.

San Diego hosted two World's Fairs, the Panama-California Exposition in 1915 and the California Pacific International Exposition in 1935.

Since World War II, the military has played a leading role in the local economy. Following the end of the Cold War the military presence has diminished considerably. San Diego has since become a center of the emerging biotech industry and is home to telecommunications giant Qualcomm.

Largely because of their city's strong military presence, San Diegans have a reputation for being more politically conservative than residents of California's other coastal cities.

Attractions

San Diego at sunset, 2001 Scripps Pier Crystal Pier.

San Diego is a major tourist destination, attracting visitors from all over the world. Among the many attractions are its beaches, and climate, and deserts. Noted San Diego tourist attractions include:

San Diego is about two and a half hours south of Los Angeles and about half an hour north of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.

Transportation

Trolley (LRT) Old Town, San Diego

San Diego has trolley (LRT), bus [1] (http://www.sdcommute.com/Rider_Information/bus/), Coaster [2] (http://www.gonctd.com/), and Amtrak service. However, these systems serve limited routes and schedules; the vast majority of transportation in San Diego is by private automobile.

San Diego includes a comprehensive collection of freeways, highways, major arterial roads, and streets that forms circles around the interior and outlying areas in the county. Almost every major freeway in the county crosses through the city, but all are important to the flow of goods and people into and out of the city.

Geography

San Diego is located at 32°46'46" North, 117°8'47" West (32.779541, -117.146344)1.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 963.6 km² (372.0 mi²). 840.0 km² (324.3 mi²) of it is land and 123.5 km² (47.7 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 12.82% water.

The city's borders are very irregularly shaped because of the absorption of many suburbs into the city limits. Additionally, the numerous canyons that run through the city create natural boundaries and obstacles to development.

Demographics

As of the census2 of 2000, there are 1,223,400 people, 450,691 households, and 271,315 families residing in the city. The population density is 1,456.4/km² (3,771.9/mi²). There are 469,689 housing units at an average density of 559.1/km² (1,448.1/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 60.18% White, 7.86% African American, 0.62% Native American, 13.65% Asian, 0.48% Pacific Islander, 12.39% from other races, and 4.83% from two or more races. 25.40% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 450,691 households out of which 30.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% are married couples living together, 11.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 39.8% are non-families. 28.0% of all households are made up of individuals and 7.4% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.61 and the average family size is 3.30.

In the city the population is spread out with 24.0% under the age of 18, 12.4% from 18 to 24, 34.0% from 25 to 44, 19.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 32 years. For every 100 females there are 101.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 100.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city is $45,733, and the median income for a family is $53,060. Males have a median income of $36,984 versus $31,076 for females. The per capita income for the city is $23,609. 14.6% of the population and 10.6% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 20.0% of those under the age of 18 and 7.6% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

Current estimates

According to estimates by the San Diego Association of Governments, the median household income of San Diego in 2004 was $56,438 (not adjusted for inflation). When adjusted for inflation (1999 dollars; comparable to Census data above), the median household income was $50,543.

Education

Colleges and universities

Public education


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When adjusted for inflation (1999 dollars; comparable to Census data above), the median household income was $50,543. The team will begin playing at the new site in 2009 after thirty-eight years in Irving. According to estimates by the San Diego Association of Governments, the median household income of San Diego in 2004 was $56,438 (not adjusted for inflation). In November of 2004, a vote was passed by the City of Arlington, Texas to build a new stadium adjacent to the existing Ameriquest Field in Arlington. Out of the total population, 20.0% of those under the age of 18 and 7.6% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. The Cowboys started strong, with victories against the Browns and Redskins, but quickly fell off to a 3-5 record by midseason, finishing the season 6-10. 14.6% of the population and 10.6% of families are below the poverty line. Injuries and persistent penalty problems hobbled the Cowboys, but a preseason quarterback controversy also caused trouble when Quincy Carter was suddenly terminated for drug use in favor of 40-year-old veteran Vinny Testaverde, brought to the Cowboys from the New York Jets by his former coach in the off-season.

The per capita income for the city is $23,609. However, the 2004 season was one of turmoil. Males have a median income of $36,984 versus $31,076 for females. The Cowboys became the surprise team of the 2003 season, posting a 10-6 record with one of the most dominating defenses in the league. The median income for a household in the city is $45,733, and the median income for a family is $53,060. However, Jones proved them wrong in 2003 by luring Bill Parcells out of retirement to coach the Cowboys. For every 100 females there are 101.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 100.4 males. Many fans and media were beginning to blame Jerry Jones for the team's ills, noting that he refused to hire a strong coach, preferring to hire coaches that didn't want to be involved with personnel duties so that Jones himself could manage them.

The median age is 32 years. Defensive coordinator Dave Campo was promoted to head coach, but he could only post three consecutive 5-11 seasons. In the city the population is spread out with 24.0% under the age of 18, 12.4% from 18 to 24, 34.0% from 25 to 44, 19.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who are 65 years of age or older. Gailey led the team to a 10-6 record in 1998, but was let go after a 8-8 season in 1999. The average household size is 2.61 and the average family size is 3.30. Former Steelers offensive coordinator Chan Gailey was hired to take over head coaching duties. 28.0% of all households are made up of individuals and 7.4% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The Cowboys went 6-10 in 1997 and Switzer was let go.

There are 450,691 households out of which 30.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% are married couples living together, 11.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 39.8% are non-families. But the glory days of the Cowboys were again beginning to fade as free agency and injuries began taking their toll. 25.40% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. But another 12-4 season in 1995 got the Cowboys to the playoffs once again where they eventually defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers 27-17 in Super Bowl XXX. The racial makeup of the city is 60.18% White, 7.86% African American, 0.62% Native American, 13.65% Asian, 0.48% Pacific Islander, 12.39% from other races, and 4.83% from two or more races. Jones hired former University of Oklahoma head coach Barry Switzer to be the team's new head coach. The Cowboys would finish 12-4, but lost in the NFC Championship game to the 49ers, 38-28. There are 469,689 housing units at an average density of 559.1/km² (1,448.1/mi²). However, Jimmy Johnson and Jerry Jones had a falling out and Johnson left the organization prior to the 1994 season.

The population density is 1,456.4/km² (3,771.9/mi²). The Cowboys went on to defeat the Buffalo Bills in Super Bowl XXVII, 52-17. The following season, the Cowboys went 12-4, again defeating the 49ers in the NFC Championship and again defeating the Buffalo Bills in the Super Bowl, this time 30-13 in Super Bowl XXVIII. The Cowboys sent a record 11 players to the Pro Bowl: Troy Aikman, Emmitt Smith, Michael Irvin, Thomas Everett, Daryl Johnston, Russell Maryland, Nate Newton, Ken Norton Jr, Jay Novacek, Mark Stepnoski and Erik Williams. As of the census2 of 2000, there are 1,223,400 people, 450,691 households, and 271,315 families residing in the city. In 1992, the Cowboys finished 13-3 (second best in the league) and exacted their revenge on the San Francisco 49ers in the NFC Championship Game, 30-20. Additionally, the numerous canyons that run through the city create natural boundaries and obstacles to development. By 1991, the Cowboys finished with an 11-5 record, making the playoffs for the first time in six years. The city's borders are very irregularly shaped because of the absorption of many suburbs into the city limits. The Cowboys finished 7-9, but Smith was named NFC Offensive Rookie of the Year and Jimmy Johnson was selected as Coach of the Year.

840.0 km² (324.3 mi²) of it is land and 123.5 km² (47.7 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 12.82% water. In 1990, the Cowboys drafted Emmitt Smith and the trifecta of Aikman, Smith and wide receiver Michael Irvin was now set. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 963.6 km² (372.0 mi²). The Cowboys finished the 1989 season with a 1-15 record, the worst record since the team's inception, but the foundations for the Cowboys' return to glory had been set. San Diego is located at 32°46'46" North, 117°8'47" West (32.779541, -117.146344)1. With the first pick in the draft, the Cowboys selected quarterback Troy Aikman and traded away veteran running back Herschel Walker to the Minnesota Vikings for five veteran players and eight draft choices. Almost every major freeway in the county crosses through the city, but all are important to the flow of goods and people into and out of the city. Jones promptly fired the only coach the Cowboys had ever known and replaced him with University of Miami head coach, Jimmy Johnson.

San Diego includes a comprehensive collection of freeways, highways, major arterial roads, and streets that forms circles around the interior and outlying areas in the county. "Bum" Bright purchased the Dallas Cowboys from Murchison, but following seasons that were getting progressively worse (1985: 10-6; 1986: 7-9; 1987: 7-8; 1988: 3-13), Bright sold the Cowboys to Jerry Jones on February 25, 1989. However, these systems serve limited routes and schedules; the vast majority of transportation in San Diego is by private automobile. In 1984, H.R. San Diego has trolley (LRT), bus [1] (http://www.sdcommute.com/Rider_Information/bus/), Coaster [2] (http://www.gonctd.com/), and Amtrak service. Clark's famous leap in the end zone would come to be known as "The Catch" and represented a changing of the guard in the NFC from the dominant Cowboys teams of the 1970s to the dominant 49ers teams of the 1980s. San Diego is about two and a half hours south of Los Angeles and about half an hour north of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. In the 1981-1982 NFC Championship game, the Cowboys lost to the San Francisco 49ers on a last-second touchdown pass from Joe Montana to Dwight Clark.

Noted San Diego tourist attractions include:
. Roger Staubach retired following the 1979 season and the Cowboys began declining in the NFL. Among the many attractions are its beaches, and climate, and deserts. They would reach one final Super Bowl, Super Bowl XIII, losing once again at the hands of the Pittsburgh Steelers, 35-31. San Diego is a major tourist destination, attracting visitors from all over the world. The glory days of the Cowboys in the 1970s were coming to an end. Largely because of their city's strong military presence, San Diegans have a reputation for being more politically conservative than residents of California's other coastal cities. Bob Ryan, an NFL films editor, would dub the Cowboys "America's Team" following this season, a nickname that stuck through both the good and bad times to come.

San Diego has since become a center of the emerging biotech industry and is home to telecommunications giant Qualcomm. But the Cowboys would again taste Super Bowl victory, defeating the Denver Broncos 27-10 in Super Bowl XII. Following the end of the Cold War the military presence has diminished considerably. The fresh influx of talent helped the Cowboys to Super Bowl X, where the Cowboys lost to the Pittsburgh Steelers, 21-17. Since World War II, the military has played a leading role in the local economy. However, the Cowboys drafted well following the season, adding new legends like Randy White and Thomas "Hollywood" Henderson. San Diego hosted two World's Fairs, the Panama-California Exposition in 1915 and the California Pacific International Exposition in 1935. The Cowboys faltered slightly in 1974, missing the playoffs for the first time in eight years.

Naval presence began in 1907 with the establishment of the Navy Coaling Station. Under Tom Landry, the so-called "Doomsday Defense" became a powerful and dominating force in the NFL and their offense was also exciting to watch. Significant U.S. Their televised appearances on Thanksgiving Day games beginning in 1966 helped bring the Cowboys to a nationwide audience. San Diego was reincorporated as a city in 1886. The Cowboys were now beginning to grow in popularity not just in Dallas, but nationwide. In 1885, San Diego was linked to the rest of the nation by railroad. However, the disappointing Super Bowl loss was made up for the next year when the Cowboys, led by Staubach, won their first Super Bowl, Super Bowl VI, a 24-3 victory over the Miami Dolphins.

The village was designated the seat of the newly designated "San Diego County" and incorporated as a city. Led by quarterback Craig Morton, the Cowboys made it to their first Super Bowl, a mistake-filled Super Bowl V, where they lost 16-13 to the Baltimore Colts courtesy of a field goal by Colts' kicker Jim O'Brien as time expired. However the population of the town shrank to little over a hundred persons, and by the late 1830s it lost its township until the province of Alta California became part of the United States of America in 1850 following the Mexican-American War. Meredith and Perkins retired in 1969 and the many new players were joining the organization, like Cliff Harris, Lee Roy Jordan, Rayfield Wright, Dan Reeves, Mike Ditka and Roger Staubach. Juan Maria Osuna was elected the first alcalde (or mayor), winning over Pio Pico in the 13 ballots cast. In the 1970s, the NFL underwent many changes as it absorbed the AFL and became a unified league, but the Cowboys also underwent many changes. The mission was secularized in 1834 and 432 persons petitioned Governor José Figueroa to form a town, and Commandant Santiago Arguello endorsed it. The game would later come to be known as the "Ice Bowl.".

The governor of Alta California and Baja California moved the capital to San Diego from Monterey. The Cowboys lost 21-17 on a one-yard quarterback sneak by Packers quarterback Bart Starr. In 1821, Spain recognized Mexico's independence. The game, which happened on December 31, 1967 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, turned out to be one of the coldest NFL games on record (about -13° F with a -40° wind chill). By 1797 the mission had become the largest in California, with over 1,400 natives associated with it. They went on to face the Green Bay Packers in the NFL Championship game. Father Serra organized the rebuilding and two years later a more fire-proof adobe structure was started. In 1967, the Cowboys finished with a 9-5 record and had their first playoff victory: a 52-14 affair over the Cleveland Browns.

They killed the priest and two others, and burned the mission. Texas Stadium in Irving, a Dallas suburb, would be completed for the 1971 season. Colonists began arriving in 1774, and the following year, 1775 the native people rebelled. By 1969, ground was being broken on a new stadium for the Cowboys to replace the Cotton Bowl. In 1769, Gaspar de Portolá and his expedition founded a presidio (or military post) and on Sunday July 16, Franciscan Fathers Junípero Serra, Juan Viscaino and Fernando Parron raised and blessed a cross, establishing the first mission in Upper California, Mission San Diego de Alcala. But in 1963 when the Texans moved to Kansas City and became the Kansas City Chiefs, the Cowboys became the only professional football draw in town. California was then part of the colony of New Spain. For their first years, the Cowboys were always playing second fiddle to Lamar Hunt's Dallas Texans of the AFL because the Texans were the more established team and had the better record.

The explorers camped near a Native American village called "Nipaguay" and celebrated Mass in honor of San (or Saint) Diego de Alcala (Saint Didacus of Alcalá). Similarly, the Cowboys were becoming an important part of the people of Dallas. The San Diego Bay and the area of present day San Diego were given their present names by Sebastian Vizcaino when he was mapping the coastline of Alta California for Spain in 1602. By this time, the Cowboys had become a powerful force in the NFL, sending eight players to the Pro Bowl including Cowboy legends like Bob Hayes, Chuck Howley, Bob Lilly, Don Meredith, Don Perkins and Mel Renfro. He named it San Miguel. Quarterback Don Meredith and running back Don Perkins joined the team and by 1966, the Cowboys had their first winning season (10-3-1; they would not have another losing season until 1985) and their first playoff appearance: a 34-27 loss to the Green Bay Packers. The first European to visit the region was Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, sailing for Spain, in 1542. During the 1960s, the Cowboys continued to improve their team.

The area has long been inhabited by the Kumeyaay people. The year 1961 also saw the Cowboys' first victory, a 27-24 win over the Pittsburgh Steelers on September 17. North Island is also known as the birthplace of Naval Aviation, (though Pensacola Naval Station makes a rival claim to being the "Cradle of Naval Aviation."). The following year, the Cowboys made their first NFL Draft selection, selecting Bob Lilly with the 13th pick in the draft. N.S. In the Cowboys' first season, they finished winless with a 0-11-1 record. Several Navy vessels have been named USS San Diego in honor of the city. and Bedford Wynne were the team owners and they immediately hired Tex Schramm to be the general manager and Tom Landry to be the head coach.

One of the United States Marine Corps' two Recruit Depots is located here. Clint Murchison, Jr. It is the home port of the largest naval fleet in the world, including two Navy supercarriers, the USS Nimitz and the USS Ronald Reagan, five amphibs, several nuclear submarines, and numerous smaller ships. The city of Dallas, Texas was granted an NFL franchise on January 28, 1960. San Diego is the home of various military facilities including Navy ports, Marine bases, and Coast Guard stations. The team is sometimes referred to colloquially as America's Team due its having a large number of fans who live outside its immediate local area (the term itself is derived from the title of the team's 1979 highlight film). The city is the second largest in California and the seventh largest in the United States. The Dallas Cowboys are a National Football League team based in Irving, Texas.

As of 2005 the California Department of Finance estimates the city to have 1,305,736 residents. Darren Woodson. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 1,223,400. Erik Williams. It is the county seat of San Diego County, California. The city is noted for its temperate climate and numerous beaches. Randy White. San Diego is a city located in the southwestern corner of the state of California and the southwestern corner of the continental United States. Danny White.

San Diego City Schools. Herschel Walker. University of San Diego, USD (Roman Catholic). Mark Stepnoski. University of California, San Diego, UCSD (University of California). Roger Staubach. Thomas Jefferson School of Law. Emmitt Smith.

San Diego Community College District, (San Diego City College, San Diego Mesa College, San Diego Miramar College). Deion Sanders. San Diego State University, SDSU (California State University). Drew Pearson. National University. Jay Novacek. Point Loma Nazarene University, PLNU (Nazarene). Nate Newton.

California Western School of Law. Robert Newhouse. Alliant International University, AIU (Formerly United States International University-USIU). Bob Lilly. Soledad Veteran's Memorial, future National Historic Landmark. Leon Lett. Mt. Ed "Too Tall" Jones.

USS Midway (CV-41), aircraft carrier museum. Darryl Johnston. Seaport Village. Michael Irvin. Berkeley, ferry boat. Tony Hill. Star of India, barque sailing ship. Calvin Hill.

San Diego Presidio. Alvin Harper. Old Mission Dam in Mission Trails Regional Park. Charles Haley. Mission San Diego de Alcala. Peter Gent. Mission Beach Roller Coaster at Belmont Park. Joey Galloway.

Little Italy (see also Little Italy). Tony Dorsett. La Casa de Estudillo. Quincy Carter. Balboa Park. Troy Aikman. Qualcomm Stadium. Members of the Ring of Honor include Bob Lilly, Don Meredith, Don Perkins, Chuck Howley, Mel Renfro, Roger Staubach, Lee Roy Jordan, coach Tom Landry, Tony Dorsett, Randy White, Bob Hayes, Tex Schramm, Rayfield Wright and Cliff Harris.

Petco Park. Instead, the team has a "Ring of Honor" in which its all-time greats are honored. Gaslamp Quarter. The Dallas Cowboys do not retire the numbers of past standouts as a matter of policy. Torrey Pines State Reserve. Jason Witten. Torrey Pines Golf Course. Roy Williams.

SeaWorld. Bill Parcells (coach). Old Town. Dat Nguyen. Mission Bay Park. Terence Newman. San Diego Wild Animal Park. Quincy Morgan.

San Diego Zoo. Julius Jones. Keyshawn Johnson. La'Roi Glover. Drew Bledsoe.

Larry Allen. Flozell Adams. Randy White. Roger Staubach.

Tex Schramm (executive). Mel Renfro. Bob Lilly. Tom Landry (coach).

Tony Dorsett. Mike Ditka.