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Ryanair

For the unrelated American charter/cargo airline, see Ryan International Airlines.
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Ryanair (ISEQ: RYA) LSE: RYA (NASDAQ: RYAAY) is an airline based in Ireland. It is Europe's largest low-cost carrier, operating 209 low-fare routes to 94 destinations across 17 European countries. Over the years it has evolved into the world's most profitable airline [1], running at remarkable margins by relentlessly driving costs down. Ryanair has been characterised by rapid and continuing expansion, enabled by the deregulation of the air industry in Europe in 1997.

Ryanair is one of Europe's most controversial companies, praised and criticised in equal measure [2]. Its supporters praise its commitment to exceptionally low fares, its radical management, its populism, and its willingness to challenge what Ryanair calls the 'establishment' within the airline industry (similar to its American counterpart, Southwest Airlines). Critics, meanwhile, have attacked its trade union policies [3], and have charged that it practises deceptive advertising [4].

Code Data

  • IATA Code: FR
  • ICAO Code: RYR
  • Callsign: Ryanair

History

Early years

Ryanair was founded in 1985 by Irish businessman Tony Ryan. The airline began with a 15 seat turboprop aircraft flying between Waterford and London Gatwick with the aim of breaking the duopoly on London-Ireland flights at that time held by British Airways and Aer Lingus. In 1986 the company added a second route - flying Dublin-London Luton in competition to the BA/Aer Lingus duopoly for the first time. With two routes and two planes, they carried 82,000 passengers in one year.

Passenger numbers continued to increase, but the airline generally ran at a loss, and by 1991 was in need of restructuring. Michael O'Leary was charged with the task of making the airline profitable. He negotiated significant bonuses and profit-sharing deals for himself, conditional upon bringing the airline into profit. Ryan encouraged him to visit the USA to study the 'low fares/no frills' model being used by Southwest Airlines. O'Leary quickly learnt that the key to low fares was a quick turn-around time, no frills, and no business class, as well as operating only one model of aircraft.

Ryanair Boeing 737-200.

O'Leary returned convinced that Ryanair could make huge inroads into the European air market, at that time dominated by national carriers which were subsidised to various degrees by their parent countries. He competed with the major airlines by providing a no-frills, low cost, flexible and reliable service. Flights were scheduled into smaller airports, closer and more convenient for customers. He adopted a hands-on style of management, becoming well known for the fact that despite being Chief Executive, he regularly helped out with baggage handling on Ryanair flights at Dublin airport.

He is said to have a pugnacious and aggressive management style, using a flat management hierarchy whose ethos is to provide a low cost, reliable and competitive service. By 1995, thanks to the consistent pursuit of this business model, Ryanair celebrated its 10th birthday by carrying 2.25 million passengers. It had become the largest carrier on all its routes.


Deregulation and flotation

After EU deregulation of the air industry in Europe in 1997, Ryanair was ready to take on the continent. After a highly successful flotation of Ryanair on the Dublin Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ Stock exchanges, the airline launched services to Stockholm, Oslo, Paris and Charleroi near Brussels. Flush with new capital, the airline placed a massive US$2 billion order for 45 new Boeing 737-800 series aircraft in 1998. The airline was voted Airline of the Year by the Irish Transport Users Committee and voted Best Managed National Airline by International Aviation Week magazine.

The airline launched its website in 2000, with on line booking said to be a small and unimportant part of the software supporting the site. Some senior management saw the potential of online booking, but kept it low profile to avoid its elimination by the Chief Executive. Increasingly the online booking contributed to the aim of cutting flight prices by selling direct to passengers and excluding the costs imposed by travel agents. Within a year the website was handling three quarters of all bookings, and now accounts for 95% of the total. Michael O'Leary claimed that it was his idea from the start.

Continental Europe

Ryanair launched a new hub of operation in Brussels Charleroi in 2001. Later that year, the airline ordered 155 new Boeing 737-800 series aircraft from Boeing at what was believed to be a substantial discount, (taking advantage of the downturn in plane orders after the slump in air travel following the September 2001 terrorist attacks) to be delivered over eight years from 2002 to 2010. 100 of these aircraft will have been delivered by the end of 2005. In 2002 Ryanair launched 26 new routes and established a base in Frankfurt-Hahn Airport, its European expansion firmly on track. In 2003, Ryanair announced the order of a further 100 new Boeing 737-800 series aircraft from Boeing, and in February a third continental base was opened at Milan-Bergamo in Italy.

In April Ryanair acquired its ailing competitor Buzz from KLM, at a knock-down price. Expansion continued apace with the launch of a base at Stockholm (Skavsta), Sweden. By the end of 2003, the airline flew 127 routes, of which 60 had opened in the previous 12 months. The airline launched two more bases in the first half of 2004, at Rome (Ciampino) and Barcelona (Girona), increasing the total to 11 hubs.

Recent history

During 2004, Michael O'Leary warned of a 'bloodbath' during the winter from which only two or three low-cost airlines would emerge, the expectation being that these would be Ryanair and easyJet. A modest loss of € 3.3 million in the second quarter of 2004 was the airline's first recorded loss for 15 years, indicating turbulent times in the low fares market. However, the enlargement of the European Union in 2004 is expected to lead to more new routes as Ryanair and other budget airlines tap the markets of the EU accession countries. Since the accession countries joined the EU on 1 May 2004, Ryanair has opened new routes to three of the ten new EU member states.

In February 2005 Ryanair announced an order for 70 further Boeing 737-800 aircraft with an option for a further 70. This is expected to allow Ryanair to increase passenger numbers from the 34 million expected in 2005 to 70 million in 2011 and creating 2,500 new jobs. Some of these aircraft would be deployed at Ryanair's 12 European bases, others to 10 new bases they intend to establish over the next seven years. The aircraft will be delivered without window shades, seat back recline and seat back pockets, which result in savings of several hundred thousand dollars per aircraft and give continued savings through reduced cleaning and repair costs.

Growth and expansion

Ryanair has grown massively since its creation in 1985, from a small airline flying the short hop to London from Ireland into one of Europe's largest carriers. The driver of the growth has been Ryanair's CEO, Michael O'Leary. After taking the rapidly growing airline public in 1997 he used the money raised to expand the airline into a pan-European carrier. Revenues have risen from € 231 million in 1998 to some € 843 million in 2003, and net profits have increased from € 48 million to € 239 million over the same period. In an industry where the survival rate is 1 in 10 and where even the giants such as American Airlines and Delta struggle to keep in the black, Ryanair's success has confounded many industry analysts. However, it has been consistent with the growth of other no-frills airlines, such as Southwest and JetBlue, since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.

Ryanair's passenger numbers have grown by up to 25% every year for the best part of the last decade. Carrying under 0.7 million annually in its early years, passenger figures grew to 21.4 million in 2003. The rapid addition of new routes and new hubs has enabled this growth in passenger numbers, and Ryanair is now among the largest carriers on European routes. In August 2004, the airline carried 20% more passengers within Europe than British Airways did.

Criticisms

Ryanair has been heavily criticised for many of its practices in the past. In a number of incidents it has responded stubbornly to relatively trivial matters, often to make a point about the constant need to avoid adding "frills" to its service.

Critics have accused Ryanair of poor treatment of customers whose flights have been cancelled [5]. The airline refuses to provide accommodation or meal vouchers when flights are cancelled or delayed.

Ryanair is often accused of flying to airports which, while cheap, are too far away from the cities they say they are serving. For example, the airline used to advertise a service to "Copenhagen", Denmark which actually flew to Malmö, in Sweden. This service is now advertised as Malmö. Legal actions forced name changes on routes previously referred to as "Düsseldorf (Niederrhein)" and "St. Etienne (Lyons)", but in other cases court actions have upheld the designated name of the route — this was the case for Frankfurt Hahn, over 100 km from central Frankfurt.

Ryanair Boeing 737-200 landing

Also criticised are what are seen as vitriolic attacks on opponents, notably former Irish Minister for Transport Mary O'Rourke (1997-2002), who was personally ridiculed in a series of controversial newspaper advertisements when she refused to break up the state monopoly which then ran Irish airports, Aer Rianta (now largely restructured). (The break-up of Aer Rianta remains a high profile demand for Michael O'Leary. It is due to be implemented during 2005 under the State Airports Act 2004).

Ryanair does not employ an advertising agency, instead producing all its advertising material in-house. Michael O'Leary often states that the airline goes to extremes to make a point, an approach which has resulted in Ryanair's advertising occasionally being considered offensive [6] [7].

The airline has been criticised for the age of its elderly Boeing 737-200 aircraft, which were bought second hand from Lufthansa and Britannia Airways. These aircraft date from the early 1980s and some industry observers believe that Ryanair has pushed them beyond their usable service life. Ryanair argues that the planes are well maintained, but has already scrapped a number of them for technical reasons. The airline announced in October 2004 that the remaining -200s will be disposed of by November 2005. Two of them are now in storage, and two have been sold off to other operators.

Ryanair receives subsidies from some European airports, a situation which has been investigated by the European Commission. The EC believes that subsidies from state-owned airports are a breach of European Union competition rules. In February 2004 the European Commission ruled that Charleroi airport gave Ryanair illegal subsidies and ordered the airline to repay roughly € 4 million of subsidies. Walloon authorities who offered the subsidies were considering appealing against the ruling because of the roughly € 45 million that the airline route brings to the area every year.

Ryanair has also come under fire from unions representing workers in the airline industry for refusing to recognise trade unions, and allegations of poor working conditions. Staff are banned from charging their own mobile phones at work to reduce the company's electricity bill [8], even though the cost savings by such measures are insignificant.

Several successful actions have been brought against the company: On 25 January 2005 the Irish Labour Court guaranteed an investigation into allegations of victimisation of staff who wished to join a trade union [9]. In March of the same year, a Belgian court ruled that two sacked Belgian cabin staff who had been working out of the airport of Charleroi were entitled to protection under Belgian law, not Irish law as Ryanair had claimed [10].

The airline has come under heavy criticism in the past for its poor treatment of disabled passengers. In 2002 it refused to provide wheelchairs for disabled passengers at Stansted Airport, hugely angering disabled rights groups [11]. However, the airline argued that this provision was the responsibility of the airport authority stating that wheelchairs were provided by 87 of the 93 Ryanair destination airports. A court ruling in 2004 judged that the responsibility should be shared by the airline and the airport owners [12].

In 2002 Ryanair reneged on a promise of free flights given as a prize to the airline's one millionth passenger, Jane O'Keeffe. She received the prize in 1988, but the airline refused to carry her free of charge on a flight in 2002. The woman eventually went to court and won an award of £43,098. [13] [14]

Accidents and Incidents

  • Ryanair Flight 296 (Boeing 737-800) from Dublin to London Stansted caught fire shortly after landing on February 27, 2002. Subsequent investigations found that the air crew struggled to open the emergency doors, and some passengers were evacuated towards the fire. The UK Air Accident Investigation Board recommended changes to training procedures for air-crew to allow better handling of similar situations in future.
  • Ryanair Flight 685 from Stockholm's Vasteras airport to London Stansted in September 1, 2002 was delayed by several hours after a Swedish man of Arabic origin was detained after attempting to board the aircraft with a loaded gun. Subsequent media reports suggested that the man was going to hijack the aircraft and fly it into the United States Embassy in London. [15]

Competitors

Among Ryanair's main low-cost competitors are easyJet, Air Berlin, Germanwings and Transavia. In 2004 approximately 60 new low-cost airlines were formed. Despite traditionally being a full-service airline, Aer Lingus began to adopt a low-fares strategy in 2002, leading to much more intense competition with Ryanair on Irish routes – Ryanair's most profitable.

In September 2004, Ryanair's biggest competitor, easyJet, announced routes to the Republic of Ireland for the first time, begining with the Cork to London Gatwick route – until then easyJet had never competed directly with Ryanair on its home ground. easyJet does fly from Aldergrove in Northern Ireland, but Ryanair does not operate there. The last low-cost airline to compete directly with Ryanair on the UK/Ireland routes was Go Fly – which had to pull out due to mounting losses.

Services

Destinations of Ryanair, hubs indicated in red

Main article: Ryanair destinations

Ryanair currently serves about 200 routes between 104 airports in 18 European countries. Its main hub is London Stansted Airport. Ryanair has other bases throughout Europe, at Brussels, Barcelona Girona, Dublin (DUB), Frankfurt am Main (HHN), London Luton Airport, Liverpool, Milan (BGY), Prestwick (PIK), Rome (CIA), Shannon International Airport and Stockholm Skavsta Airport.

Most smaller airports Ryanair operates to are located farther from the city centres than their main airports. One exception is Gothenburg, Sweden, where Ryanair flies to the town's City Airport, 14 km from city centre. That's 11 km closer than the main Landvetter Airport.

Of all Ryanair's routes, the Dublin-London route remains both the busiest and the most profitable. This is largely due to the number of Irish people who live in the UK – the amount of business and money traded between the two cities – and increasingly the number of Irish who use the route to make connecting flights to other places in Europe. The London-Dublin route is the busiest international route in the world after Hong Kong-Taipai.

Ryanair's interactive destination map

Fleet

The Ryanair fleet consists of the following aircraft (at April 2005):

  • 7 Boeing 737-200
  • 1 Boeing 737-400
  • 76 Boeing 737-800 (further 6 on order)

It currently has firm orders for an additional 225 Boeing 737-800 aircraft by 2010, with options on a further 193.

On 13 June 2005 Ryanair confirmed a $286 million order for 5 Boeing 737-800 aircraft, which is a conversion of five existing options from an order in 2002. Ryanair's total firm orders stand at 230 and the newly ordered aircraft will be delivered in spring 2007 (ref: Air International, July 2005).

External Links

  • Ryanair
  • Ryanair Fleet Detail
  • Ryanair Passenger Opinions
  • The financial operations of Ryanair
  • Ryan-Be-Fair

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Ryanair's total firm orders stand at 230 and the newly ordered aircraft will be delivered in spring 2007 (ref: Air International, July 2005). The Thai Zodiac does not differ from the Chinese zodiac. On 13 June 2005 Ryanair confirmed a $286 million order for 5 Boeing 737-800 aircraft, which is a conversion of five existing options from an order in 2002. Names of years. It currently has firm orders for an additional 225 Boeing 737-800 aircraft by 2010, with options on a further 193. Following is the Hunnish or Turkic Bulgarian Pagan zodiac calendar, distinctive from the Greek zodiac but much in conformity with the Chinese one: Kam-Boyan Calendar. The Ryanair fleet consists of the following aircraft (at April 2005):. This common Chinese-Turkic Zodiac was in use in Balkan Bulgaria well into the Bulgars' adoption of Slavic language and Orthodox Christianity.

Ryanair's interactive destination map. The European Huns used the Chinese Zodiac complete with "dragon", "pig". The London-Dublin route is the busiest international route in the world after Hong Kong-Taipai. For example, the Vietnamese zodiac is identical to Chinese zodiac except the fourth animal is the cat not the rabbit, while the Japanese zodiac includes the wild boar instead of the pig. This is largely due to the number of Irish people who live in the UK – the amount of business and money traded between the two cities – and increasingly the number of Irish who use the route to make connecting flights to other places in Europe. However, some of the animals in the Zodiac may differ by country. Of all Ryanair's routes, the Dublin-London route remains both the busiest and the most profitable. The Chinese zodiac is also used in some other Asian countries that have been under the cultural influence of China.

That's 11 km closer than the main Landvetter Airport. Those who are serious about the fortune telling aspect of the signs can consult a table, such as the one above. One exception is Gothenburg, Sweden, where Ryanair flies to the town's City Airport, 14 km from city centre. However, those unfamiliar with the use of the Chinese lunar calendar usually just assume that the signs switch over on Jan 1 of each year. Most smaller airports Ryanair operates to are located farther from the city centres than their main airports. The United States Postal Service and those of several other countries issue a "Year of the _____" postage stamp each year to honor this Chinese heritage. Ryanair has other bases throughout Europe, at Brussels, Barcelona Girona, Dublin (DUB), Frankfurt am Main (HHN), London Luton Airport, Liverpool, Milan (BGY), Prestwick (PIK), Rome (CIA), Shannon International Airport and Stockholm Skavsta Airport. For one example, they usually appear on Japanese New Year's cards and stamps.

Its main hub is London Stansted Airport. The Chinese zodiac signs are also used by cultures other than Chinese. Ryanair currently serves about 200 routes between 104 airports in 18 European countries. (See Chinese calendar). Main article: Ryanair destinations. There are some newer astrological texts which follow the Chinese Agricultural Calendar (the jie qi), and thus place the changeover of zodiac signs at the solar term li chun (beginning of Spring), at solar longitude 315 degrees. The last low-cost airline to compete directly with Ryanair on the UK/Ireland routes was Go Fly – which had to pull out due to mounting losses. Many online sign calculators (such as [2]) will give a person the wrong sign if he/she was born in January or early February.

easyJet does fly from Aldergrove in Northern Ireland, but Ryanair does not operate there. The start of a new Zodiac is also celebrated on Chinese New Year along with many other customs. In September 2004, Ryanair's biggest competitor, easyJet, announced routes to the Republic of Ireland for the first time, begining with the Cork to London Gatwick route – until then easyJet had never competed directly with Ryanair on its home ground. For example, 1990 was the year of the horse, but anyone born from January 1 to January 26, 1990 was born in the Year of the Snake (the sign of the previous year), because the 1990 Year of the Horse began on January 27, 1990. Despite traditionally being a full-service airline, Aer Lingus began to adopt a low-fares strategy in 2002, leading to much more intense competition with Ryanair on Irish routes – Ryanair's most profitable. Therefore, a person who was born in January or early February may have the sign of the previous year. In 2004 approximately 60 new low-cost airlines were formed. Since the (traditional) Chinese zodiac follows the (lunisolar) Chinese calendar, the switch over date for the zodiac signs is the Chinese New Year, not January 1 as in the Gregorian calendar.

Among Ryanair's main low-cost competitors are easyJet, Air Berlin, Germanwings and Transavia. Interestingly, the cat does make it into the Vietnamese Zodiac, in place of the rabbit (see below). [13] [14]. The Boar, at a loss, proceeded to claim that the meat on its bones 'tasted good.' This explanation was apparently considered unsatisfactory, because the Boar was placed at the very end of the Zodiac. The woman eventually went to court and won an award of £43,098. In yet another variation, each animal was called before its peers and had to explain why it deserved a position at the top of the Zodiac. She received the prize in 1988, but the airline refused to carry her free of charge on a flight in 2002. This format is rather like the one that the National Football League uses to determine its playoff teams (six from each conference).

In 2002 Ryanair reneged on a promise of free flights given as a prize to the airline's one millionth passenger, Jane O'Keeffe. The first involved all the animals, in two divisions to avoid the fast animals dominating the top, and the top six in each division would "make the cut" for a second round, which would then determine the order of placement of the animals in the zodiac. A court ruling in 2004 judged that the responsibility should be shared by the airline and the airport owners [12]. Yet another variation tells of two different races. However, the airline argued that this provision was the responsibility of the airport authority stating that wheelchairs were provided by 87 of the 93 Ryanair destination airports. The route ran through a forest, over ranges of plains and grasslands, and along a stream, before finally crossing a lake to the destination town. In 2002 it refused to provide wheelchairs for disabled passengers at Stansted Airport, hugely angering disabled rights groups [11]. Another version of the tale expands the race.

The airline has come under heavy criticism in the past for its poor treatment of disabled passengers. The trade was acceptable because both animals are members of the family of bovines. In March of the same year, a Belgian court ruled that two sacked Belgian cabin staff who had been working out of the airport of Charleroi were entitled to protection under Belgian law, not Irish law as Ryanair had claimed [10]. Some versions of the tale say that the cattle nominated a water buffalo to represent them because he was more proficient at water. Several successful actions have been brought against the company: On 25 January 2005 the Irish Labour Court guaranteed an investigation into allegations of victimisation of staff who wished to join a trade union [9]. Another popular legend has it that a race was used to decide the animals to report to the Jade Emperor:. Staff are banned from charging their own mobile phones at work to reduce the company's electricity bill [8], even though the cost savings by such measures are insignificant. All the animals who arrived on the night were granted a special place as a zodiac animal - the cat arrived the next day only to find out that the banquet was over.

Ryanair has also come under fire from unions representing workers in the airline industry for refusing to recognise trade unions, and allegations of poor working conditions. A variation of this describes the Jade Emperor holding a great banquet in his palace; the cat does not hear the initial announcement so the rat tells him that there is going to be a royal party but instead tells him it is on the day after the actual date. Walloon authorities who offered the subsidies were considering appealing against the ruling because of the roughly € 45 million that the airline route brings to the area every year. One of the most popular reads, in summarized form, as follows:. In February 2004 the European Commission ruled that Charleroi airport gave Ryanair illegal subsidies and ordered the airline to repay roughly € 4 million of subsidies. There are many legends to explain the beginning of the zodiac (see Origins of the Chinese Zodiac). The EC believes that subsidies from state-owned airports are a breach of European Union competition rules. The 12 Zodiac animal signs (生肖 shengxiao) are, in order, the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep (or goat), monkey, rooster, dog, and pig.

Ryanair receives subsidies from some European airports, a situation which has been investigated by the European Commission. The following hours are in Beijing local time (UTC+8). Two of them are now in storage, and two have been sold off to other operators. (24 divided by 12 animals) The large hour a person is born is their secretive animal as stated above. The airline announced in October 2004 that the remaining -200s will be disposed of by November 2005. The Chinese zodiac is also used to label times of day, with each sign corresponding to a "large-hour" or shichen (時辰), which is a two-hour period. Ryanair argues that the planes are well maintained, but has already scrapped a number of them for technical reasons. The month born affects a person's inner animal, as stated above.

These aircraft date from the early 1980s and some industry observers believe that Ryanair has pushed them beyond their usable service life. The Twelve animals also apply to the lunar months. The airline has been criticised for the age of its elderly Boeing 737-200 aircraft, which were bought second hand from Lufthansa and Britannia Airways. Many western displays of the chinese zodiac omit these, as well as the elements, for easier consumption and understanding. Michael O'Leary often states that the airline goes to extremes to make a point, an approach which has resulted in Ryanair's advertising occasionally being considered offensive [6] [7]. These are said to be critical for the proper use of chinese astrology. Ryanair does not employ an advertising agency, instead producing all its advertising material in-house. It is important to compensate for daylight savings or any clock adjustment performed by your country as it is mapped according to the sun's location and not the local time.

It is due to be implemented during 2005 under the State Airports Act 2004). The secret animal is determined by exact time of birth and is your own true sign with your personality is based in. (The break-up of Aer Rianta remains a high profile demand for Michael O'Leary. It may be considered what the individual wishes to become, or believes to be their true self. Also criticised are what are seen as vitriolic attacks on opponents, notably former Irish Minister for Transport Mary O'Rourke (1997-2002), who was personally ridiculed in a series of controversial newspaper advertisements when she refused to break up the state monopoly which then ran Irish airports, Aer Rianta (now largely restructured). This dictates your own love life and inner persona and is critical to understand and know to properly calculate compatibility with other signs. Etienne (Lyons)", but in other cases court actions have upheld the designated name of the route — this was the case for Frankfurt Hahn, over 100 km from central Frankfurt. Combined with 5 elements makes for 8640 combinations (5 elements, 12 animals, 12 months, 12 times of day) The inner animal is assigned by the month of birth.

Legal actions forced name changes on routes previously referred to as "Düsseldorf (Niederrhein)" and "St. These yearly cycles represent what others perceive you as being, while a person might appear to be a Dragon they might actually be a Snake internally and an Ox secretively. This service is now advertised as Malmö. It is common misconception that there are only the singular animal assigned by year. For example, the airline used to advertise a service to "Copenhagen", Denmark which actually flew to Malmö, in Sweden. Each year in the 60 year cycle contains twelve animals, each with five possible elements, which distinctively vary the base animal's personality which equals to 60 possible combinations. Ryanair is often accused of flying to airports which, while cheap, are too far away from the cities they say they are serving. This is where many Chinese Astrology descriptions in western society draw solely from.

The airline refuses to provide accommodation or meal vouchers when flights are cancelled or delayed. Each individual personality is associated with an animal which represents it. Critics have accused Ryanair of poor treatment of customers whose flights have been cancelled [5]. (Notice the title "Green (Wooden) Chicken Year".). In a number of incidents it has responded stubbornly to relatively trivial matters, often to make a point about the constant need to avoid adding "frills" to its service. See [1]. Ryanair has been heavily criticised for many of its practices in the past. Some websites denote the years by the colour and zodiac sign (as opposed to animal sign and element).

In August 2004, the airline carried 20% more passengers within Europe than British Airways did. The traditional correspondences are green to Wood, red to Fire, brown to Earth, white to Metal, and black to Water. The rapid addition of new routes and new hubs has enabled this growth in passenger numbers, and Ryanair is now among the largest carriers on European routes. The elements are also associated with colours. Carrying under 0.7 million annually in its early years, passenger figures grew to 21.4 million in 2003. It can lend qualities to all 12 animals as well. Ryanair's passenger numbers have grown by up to 25% every year for the best part of the last decade. Additionally there is Earth which does not govern over any animals and is the central balance of all elements.

However, it has been consistent with the growth of other no-frills airlines, such as Southwest and JetBlue, since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Pig , Rooster, Dog. In an industry where the survival rate is 1 in 10 and where even the giants such as American Airlines and Delta struggle to keep in the black, Ryanair's success has confounded many industry analysts. 'Governs'. Revenues have risen from € 231 million in 1998 to some € 843 million in 2003, and net profits have increased from € 48 million to € 239 million over the same period. Dragon, Horse, Goat. After taking the rapidly growing airline public in 1997 he used the money raised to expand the airline into a pan-European carrier. 'Governs'.

The driver of the growth has been Ryanair's CEO, Michael O'Leary. Tiger, Hare, Snake. Ryanair has grown massively since its creation in 1985, from a small airline flying the short hop to London from Ireland into one of Europe's largest carriers. 'Governs'. The aircraft will be delivered without window shades, seat back recline and seat back pockets, which result in savings of several hundred thousand dollars per aircraft and give continued savings through reduced cleaning and repair costs. Rat, Ox, Monkey. Some of these aircraft would be deployed at Ryanair's 12 European bases, others to 10 new bases they intend to establish over the next seven years. 'Governs'.

This is expected to allow Ryanair to increase passenger numbers from the 34 million expected in 2005 to 70 million in 2011 and creating 2,500 new jobs. Divided into 4 groups. In February 2005 Ryanair announced an order for 70 further Boeing 737-800 aircraft with an option for a further 70. Each of the 12 animals are governed by an element plus a Yin Yang Direction. Since the accession countries joined the EU on 1 May 2004, Ryanair has opened new routes to three of the ten new EU member states. Each element has features that apply to both years and the animals. However, the enlargement of the European Union in 2004 is expected to lead to more new routes as Ryanair and other budget airlines tap the markets of the EU accession countries. These are modifiers and affect the characteristics of each of the 12 signs.

A modest loss of € 3.3 million in the second quarter of 2004 was the airline's first recorded loss for 15 years, indicating turbulent times in the low fares market. The Yin or Yang is broken down into Five Elements ( Water, Wood, Fire, Metal (Gold), Earth) on top of the cycle of animals. During 2004, Michael O'Leary warned of a 'bloodbath' during the winter from which only two or three low-cost airlines would emerge, the expectation being that these would be Ryanair and easyJet. The current cycle began in the year 1984. The airline launched two more bases in the first half of 2004, at Rome (Ciampino) and Barcelona (Girona), increasing the total to 11 hubs. This combination creates a 60-year cycle, starting with Wood Rat and ending with Water Pig. By the end of 2003, the airline flew 127 routes, of which 60 had opened in the previous 12 months. Since the zodiac animal cycle of 12 is divisible by two, every zodiac can only occur in either yin or yang: the dragon is always yang, the snake is always yin, etc.

Expansion continued apace with the launch of a base at Stockholm (Skavsta), Sweden. Even years are yang, odd years are yin. In April Ryanair acquired its ailing competitor Buzz from KLM, at a knock-down price. There is a binary Yin Yang cycle, which enlarges the 5 element cycle to a cycle of ten (seen below). In 2003, Ryanair announced the order of a further 100 new Boeing 737-800 series aircraft from Boeing, and in February a third continental base was opened at Milan-Bergamo in Italy. See Qi Xi for more versions of this story. In 2002 Ryanair launched 26 new routes and established a base in Frankfurt-Hahn Airport, its European expansion firmly on track. The tai bai fairy acts as the chaperone of these two immortal lovers.

100 of these aircraft will have been delivered by the end of 2005. The cowherd carries their two sons (the two stars on each side of Altair) across the bridge to reunite with their fairy mother. Later that year, the airline ordered 155 new Boeing 737-800 series aircraft from Boeing at what was believed to be a substantial discount, (taking advantage of the downturn in plane orders after the slump in air travel following the September 2001 terrorist attacks) to be delivered over eight years from 2002 to 2010. Each year on the seventh day of the seventh month in the Chinese calendar, the birds form a bridge across the Milky Way. Ryanair launched a new hub of operation in Brussels Charleroi in 2001. The two forbidden lovers were separated by the silvery river (the Milky Way). Michael O'Leary claimed that it was his idea from the start. For example, the Summer Triangle is the trio of the cowherd (Altair), the weaving maiden fairy (Vega) and the "tai bai" fairy (Deneb).

Within a year the website was handling three quarters of all bookings, and now accounts for 95% of the total. In addition to astrological readings of the heavenly bodies, the stars in the sky form the basis of many fairy tales. Increasingly the online booking contributed to the aim of cutting flight prices by selling direct to passengers and excluding the costs imposed by travel agents. Xuan Wu is also known as the spirit of the northern sky or the spirit of Water in Taoism belief. Some senior management saw the potential of online booking, but kept it low profile to avoid its elimination by the Chief Executive. The seven northern constellations are referred to as xúanwǔ (玄武). The airline launched its website in 2000, with on line booking said to be a small and unimportant part of the software supporting the site. For example, the Big Dipper (Ursa Major) is known as 斗 dǒu; the belt of Orion is known as 參 shen, or the "Happiness, Fortune, Longevity" trio of demigods.

The airline was voted Airline of the Year by the Irish Transport Users Committee and voted Best Managed National Airline by International Aviation Week magazine. The twenty-eight Chinese constellations (宿 xìu) are quite different from the eighty-eight Western constellations. Flush with new capital, the airline placed a massive US$2 billion order for 45 new Boeing 737-800 series aircraft in 1998. A laborious system of computing one's fate and destiny based on one's birthday and birth hours (known as 紫微斗數 zǐwēidǒushù) is still used regularly in modern day Chinese astrology to divine one's fortune. After a highly successful flotation of Ryanair on the Dublin Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ Stock exchanges, the airline launched services to Stockholm, Oslo, Paris and Charleroi near Brussels. It is said that the position of these planets, along with the positions of the Sun, Moon, any comets in the sky as well as time of birth and Zodiac Sign can determine a person's destiny according to Chinese Astrology. After EU deregulation of the air industry in Europe in 1997, Ryanair was ready to take on the continent. The ancient Chinese astronomers called the five major planets by the names of the element they were associated with: Venus corresponds to Metal (gold); Jupiter to Wood; Mercury to Water; Mars to Fire; Saturn to Earth.


. . It had become the largest carrier on all its routes. This fortune-telling system is derived from the principle characteristics of the system: the Zodiac, the five elements of Chinese thought, calendrical cycles based on astronomy, and ancient Chinese religion. By 1995, thanks to the consistent pursuit of this business model, Ryanair celebrated its 10th birthday by carrying 2.25 million passengers. Chinese astrology is the divination of the future from the Chinese calendar, particularly its 12-year cycle of animals, referred to as the Chinese Zodiac. He is said to have a pugnacious and aggressive management style, using a flat management hierarchy whose ethos is to provide a low cost, reliable and competitive service. Shushma - Boar (Türk, Russ "Kaban" - Translator's Note).

He adopted a hands-on style of management, becoming well known for the fact that despite being Chief Executive, he regularly helped out with baggage handling on Ryanair flights at Dublin airport. It - Dog. Flights were scheduled into smaller airports, closer and more convenient for customers. Taguk - Rooster, Hen. He competed with the major airlines by providing a no-frills, low cost, flexible and reliable service. Bichin, Michin - Monkey. O'Leary returned convinced that Ryanair could make huge inroads into the European air market, at that time dominated by national carriers which were subsidised to various degrees by their parent countries. Téké - Goat (Sheep).

O'Leary quickly learnt that the key to low fares was a quick turn-around time, no frills, and no business class, as well as operating only one model of aircraft. Tuki (Tykha) - Horse. Ryan encouraged him to visit the USA to study the 'low fares/no frills' model being used by Southwest Airlines. Dilan - Snake. He negotiated significant bonuses and profit-sharing deals for himself, conditional upon bringing the airline into profit. Samar - Dragon Birgün (Bergen, Birig, Baradj)- Dragon. Michael O'Leary was charged with the task of making the airline profitable. Taushan - Hare.

Passenger numbers continued to increase, but the airline generally ran at a loss, and by 1991 was in need of restructuring. Ügur - Tiger Myachè Ügur - Tiger. With two routes and two planes, they carried 82,000 passengers in one year. Kuman (Imén). In 1986 the company added a second route - flying Dublin-London Luton in competition to the BA/Aer Lingus duopoly for the first time. Shiger (Syger) - Artom (Taurus). The airline began with a 15 seat turboprop aircraft flying between Waterford and London Gatwick with the aim of breaking the duopoly on London-Ireland flights at that time held by British Airways and Aer Lingus. Kuzgé - [Year of] Saravana.

Ryanair was founded in 1985 by Irish businessman Tony Ryan. 21:00 - 23:00: pig. . 19:00 - 21:00: dog. Critics, meanwhile, have attacked its trade union policies [3], and have charged that it practises deceptive advertising [4]. 17:00 - 19:00: rooster. Its supporters praise its commitment to exceptionally low fares, its radical management, its populism, and its willingness to challenge what Ryanair calls the 'establishment' within the airline industry (similar to its American counterpart, Southwest Airlines). 15:00 - 17:00: monkey.

Ryanair is one of Europe's most controversial companies, praised and criticised in equal measure [2]. 13:00 - 15:00: goat. Ryanair has been characterised by rapid and continuing expansion, enabled by the deregulation of the air industry in Europe in 1997. 11:00 - 13:00: horse. Over the years it has evolved into the world's most profitable airline [1], running at remarkable margins by relentlessly driving costs down. 09:00 - 11:00: snake. It is Europe's largest low-cost carrier, operating 209 low-fare routes to 94 destinations across 17 European countries. 07:00 - 09:00: dragon.

Ryanair (ISEQ: RYA) LSE: RYA (NASDAQ: RYAAY) is an airline based in Ireland. 05:00 - 07:00: rabbit. Ryan-Be-Fair. 03:00 - 05:00: tiger. The financial operations of Ryanair. 01:00 - 03:00: ox. Ryanair Passenger Opinions. 23:00 - 01:00: rat.

Ryanair Fleet Detail. pig (or boar). Ryanair. dog. 76 Boeing 737-800 (further 6 on order). rooster. 1 Boeing 737-400. monkey.

7 Boeing 737-200. goat (or sheep). [15]. horse. Subsequent media reports suggested that the man was going to hijack the aircraft and fly it into the United States Embassy in London. snake. Ryanair Flight 685 from Stockholm's Vasteras airport to London Stansted in September 1, 2002 was delayed by several hours after a Swedish man of Arabic origin was detained after attempting to board the aircraft with a loaded gun. dragon.

The UK Air Accident Investigation Board recommended changes to training procedures for air-crew to allow better handling of similar situations in future. rabbit (or hare). Subsequent investigations found that the air crew struggled to open the emergency doors, and some passengers were evacuated towards the fire. tiger. Ryanair Flight 296 (Boeing 737-800) from Dublin to London Stansted caught fire shortly after landing on February 27, 2002. ox. Callsign: Ryanair. rat.

ICAO Code: RYR. Reliability. IATA Code: FR. Foundations. Balance. The Centre.

Strong. Dependable. Useful. The West.

Movement. Intelligence. Passion. The South.

Growth. Nurturing. Creativity. The East.

Sensitivity. Intuition. Communication. The North.