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Rutherford B. Hayes

Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was the 19th President of the United States (1877 – 1881).

Early political career

He was born in Delaware County, Ohio, October 4, 1822 to Rutherford Hayes and Sophia Birchard. Hayes' father died before Hayes was born. He attended the common schools, the Methodist Academy in Norwalk, Ohio, and the Webb Preparatory School in Middletown, Connecticut. He graduated from Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, in August 1842 and from the Harvard Law School in January 1845. He was admitted to the bar on May 10, 1845, and commenced practice in Lower Sandusky, Ohio (now Fremont, Ohio). He moved to Cincinnati in 1849 and resumed the practice of law. He was city solicitor from 1857 to 1859. He was commissioned a major of the Twenty-third Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, on June 27, 1861, lieutenant colonel, on October 24, 1861, colonel on October 24, 1862, brigadier general of Volunteers on October 9, 1864, and brevetted major general of Volunteers on March 3, 1865.

He was rather close to his sister as can bee seen in his diary entry: July, 1856.--My dear only sister, my beloved Fanny, is dead! The dearest friend of childhood, the affectionate adviser, the confidante of all my life, the one I loved best, is gone; alas! never again to be seen on earth.


He was a Representative from Ohio prior to his Presidency. Hayes was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses and served from March 4, 1865, to July 20, 1867, when he resigned, having been nominated for Governor of Ohio. He was Governor from 1868 to 1872, and an unsuccessful candidate for election to the Forty-third Congress. He was again elected Governor and served from January 1876 to March 2, 1877, when he resigned, having been elected President of the United States. Since March 4, 1877 was a Sunday, Hayes took the oath of office in the Red Room of the White House on March 3. He took the oath again publicly on March 5 on the East Portico of the United States Capitol, and he served until March 4, 1881.

Presidency

Hayes' portrait

Hayes became president after the tumultuous, scandal-ridden years of the Grant administration. He had a reputation for honesty dating back to his Civil War years, when as a major general he had refused to campaign for Congress, saying that any officer who left his command to run for office "ought to be scalped." As Governor of Ohio, his scrupulousness sometimes dismayed even his political allies, and Hayes was nicknamed "Old Granny." Nevertheless, his opponent in the presidential election, Democrat Samuel J. Tilden, was the favorite to win the presidential election and, in fact, won the popular vote by about 250,000 votes (with about 8.5 million voters in total).

Election of 1876

Four states' electoral college votes were contested. In order to win, the candidates had to muster 185 votes: Tilden was short just one, with 184 votes, Hayes had 165, with 20 votes representing four states which were contested. To make matters worse, three of these states (Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina) were in the South, which was still under military occupation, the fourth being Oregon.

After months of deliberation and bargaining, Southern Democrats were assured that if Hayes were elected, he would pull federal troops out of the South and end Reconstruction. An agreement was made between them and the Republicans -- if Hayes' cabinet consisted of at least one Southerner and he withdrew all Union troups from the South, then he would become president. This is sometimes considered to be a second Corrupt Bargain.

South America

In 1878 Hayes was asked by the Argentines to act as arbitrator following the War of the Triple Alliance between Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay against Paraguay. The Argentines hoped that Hayes would give the Chaco region to them, however he decided in favour of the Paraguayans. His descision made him a hero in Paraguay, and a city (Villa Hayes) and a region (Presidente Hayes) was named in his honour.

Notable legislation

During his presidency Hayes signed a number of bills including one signed on February 15, 1879 which, for the first time, allowed female attorneys to argue cases before the Supreme Court of the United States.

Cabinet


Supreme Court appointments

Hayes appointed the following Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States:

  • John Marshall Harlan - 1877
  • William Burnham Woods - 1881

Significant events during his presidency

  • Compromise of 1877 (1877)
  • Desert Land Act (1877)
  • Munn v. Illinois (1877)
  • Great Railroad Strike (1877)
  • Bland-Allison Act (1878)
  • Timber and Stone Act (1878)

Post-Presidency

Hayes did not seek re-election in 1880, keeping his pledge that he would not run for a second term. He had, in his inaugural address, proposed a one-term limit for the presidency combined with an increase in the term length to six years. Rutherford Birchard Hayes died of complications of a heart attack in Fremont, Sandusky County, Ohio, at 11:00 p.m. on Tuesday January 17, 1893. Interment was in Oakwood Cemetery. Following the gift of his home to the State of Ohio for the Spiegel Grove State Park he was reinterred there in 1915.

Related articles

  • U.S. presidential election, 1876
  • History of the United States (1865-1918)
  • Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center

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Following the gift of his home to the State of Ohio for the Spiegel Grove State Park he was reinterred there in 1915. The headquarters of TotalFinaElf were free-climbed in February 2003 by "Spiderman" Alain Robert, in protest of the American-led invasion of Iraq. Interment was in Oakwood Cemetery. See also: US Campaign for Burma, Burma Campaign UK, Official Total Response. on Tuesday January 17, 1893. Suu Kyi, the world's only imprisoned Nobel Peace Prize recipient, has strongly criticized Total's deal with Burma's military regime, stating: "Total has become the main supporter of the Burmese military regime.". Rutherford Birchard Hayes died of complications of a heart attack in Fremont, Sandusky County, Ohio, at 11:00 p.m. Burma's democracy movement, led by 1991 Nobel Peace Prize recipient Aung San Suu Kyi, has called on companies to leave Burma until the ruling dictator agrees to participate in a transition to democracy.

He had, in his inaugural address, proposed a one-term limit for the presidency combined with an increase in the term length to six years. The construction of the Yadana pipeline has led to environmental devastation, while revenues from Total's investment in Burma fuel purchases by Burma's dictator, Than Shwe, to increase weapons supplies. Hayes did not seek re-election in 1880, keeping his pledge that he would not run for a second term. The regime benefits from Total's investment and thus, Total's involvement in Burma is branded by democratic activists as a major factor propping up the regime and perpetuating its brutal and illegitimate rule. Hayes appointed the following Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States:. At a recent meeting of the company's small shareholders in France, activist groups called for Total to cease its operations inside Burma, but the company has refused to budge on the issue, despite urging from activists and independent financial advisors.
. Total has been taken to court by six Burmese people who were used as forced labour in the preparation of Total's pipeline in Burma.

During his presidency Hayes signed a number of bills including one signed on February 15, 1879 which, for the first time, allowed female attorneys to argue cases before the Supreme Court of the United States. Total is one of the biggest foreign investors in Burma. His descision made him a hero in Paraguay, and a city (Villa Hayes) and a region (Presidente Hayes) was named in his honour. The gas is exported to Thailand through a pipeline that travels 65 kilometres through Burma. The Argentines hoped that Hayes would give the Chaco region to them, however he decided in favour of the Paraguayans. These activist groups, which include Europe's largest Burma lobbying group, Burma Campaign UK, point out that Total is currently involved in a joint venture with the military regime developing an offshore gas field in the Andaman Sea. In 1878 Hayes was asked by the Argentines to act as arbitrator following the War of the Triple Alliance between Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay against Paraguay. Democratic activists have accused Total of propping up that country's brutal military junta.

This is sometimes considered to be a second Corrupt Bargain. Although Total does maintain a socially responsible investment program, there has been recent controversy over its corporate involvement in Burma (also known as Myanmar) despite recent European Union sanctions on new investment in the country due to its poor human rights record. An agreement was made between them and the Republicans -- if Hayes' cabinet consisted of at least one Southerner and he withdrew all Union troups from the South, then he would become president. Total won contracts with Saddam Hussein's regime to develop the Majnoon and Nahr Umar oil fields in southern Iraq, consisting of 25% of Iraq's oil reserves. After months of deliberation and bargaining, Southern Democrats were assured that if Hayes were elected, he would pull federal troops out of the South and end Reconstruction. The AZF chemical plant which exploded in 2001 in Toulouse, France, belonged to the Grande Paroisse branch of Total. To make matters worse, three of these states (Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina) were in the South, which was still under military occupation, the fourth being Oregon. .

In order to win, the candidates had to muster 185 votes: Tilden was short just one, with 184 votes, Hayes had 165, with 20 votes representing four states which were contested. It is part of the CAC 40 stock market index. Four states' electoral college votes were contested. The company is headquartered in Paris, France. Tilden, was the favorite to win the presidential election and, in fact, won the popular vote by about 250,000 votes (with about 8.5 million voters in total). First named TotalFinaElf after the merger in 2000, it was later renamed back to Total in 2003. He had a reputation for honesty dating back to his Civil War years, when as a major general he had refused to campaign for Congress, saying that any officer who left his command to run for office "ought to be scalped." As Governor of Ohio, his scrupulousness sometimes dismayed even his political allies, and Hayes was nicknamed "Old Granny." Nevertheless, his opponent in the presidential election, Democrat Samuel J. Afterwards it also acquired the French Elf Aquitaine.

Hayes became president after the tumultuous, scandal-ridden years of the Grant administration. Total merged with the Belgian Petrofina, and after Total's takeover of Petrofina in 1999, it became known as Total Fina. He took the oath again publicly on March 5 on the East Portico of the United States Capitol, and he served until March 4, 1881. Total is also a large-scale chemicals manufacturer. Since March 4, 1877 was a Sunday, Hayes took the oath of office in the Red Room of the White House on March 3. Its businesses cover the entire oil and gas chain, from crude oil and natural gas exploration and production to power generation, transportation, refining, petroleum product marketing, and international crude oil and product trading. He was again elected Governor and served from January 1876 to March 2, 1877, when he resigned, having been elected President of the United States. Total SA NYSE: TOT is a French oil company headquartered in Paris, France, and one of the top four oil companies in the world (along with Shell, BP, and ExxonMobil).

He was Governor from 1868 to 1872, and an unsuccessful candidate for election to the Forty-third Congress. Elastomer Processing. Hayes was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses and served from March 4, 1865, to July 20, 1867, when he resigned, having been nominated for Governor of Ohio. Bostik.
He was a Representative from Ohio prior to his Presidency. Atotech. He was rather close to his sister as can bee seen in his diary entry: July, 1856.--My dear only sister, my beloved Fanny, is dead! The dearest friend of childhood, the affectionate adviser, the confidante of all my life, the one I loved best, is gone; alas! never again to be seen on earth. Cook Composites & Polymers.

He was commissioned a major of the Twenty-third Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, on June 27, 1861, lieutenant colonel, on October 24, 1861, colonel on October 24, 1862, brigadier general of Volunteers on October 9, 1864, and brevetted major general of Volunteers on March 3, 1865. Sartomer. He was city solicitor from 1857 to 1859. Cray Valley. He moved to Cincinnati in 1849 and resumed the practice of law. Resins, adhesives and electroplating

    . He was admitted to the bar on May 10, 1845, and commenced practice in Lower Sandusky, Ohio (now Fremont, Ohio). Fertilizers.

    He graduated from Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, in August 1842 and from the Harvard Law School in January 1845. Total Petrochemicals. He attended the common schools, the Methodist Academy in Norwalk, Ohio, and the Webb Preparatory School in Middletown, Connecticut. Arkema. Hayes' father died before Hayes was born. Chemicals

      . He was born in Delaware County, Ohio, October 4, 1822 to Rutherford Hayes and Sophia Birchard. Trading & shipping.

      . Refining & marketing. Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was the 19th President of the United States (1877 – 1881). Downstream

        . Hayes Presidential Center. Gas & power. Rutherford B. Oil & gas production/exploration.

        History of the United States (1865-1918). Upstream

          . presidential election, 1876. U.S. Timber and Stone Act (1878).

          Bland-Allison Act (1878). Great Railroad Strike (1877). Illinois (1877). Munn v.

          Desert Land Act (1877). Compromise of 1877 (1877). William Burnham Woods - 1881. John Marshall Harlan - 1877.