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Rockabilly

Rockabilly is the earliest form of rock and roll as a distinct style of music. It is a fusion of blues, hillbilly boogie, bluegrass music and country music, and its origins lie in the American South. As Peter Guralnick writes, "Its rhythm was nervously uptempo, accented on the offbeat, and propelled by a distinctively slapping bass....The sound was further bolstered by generous use of echo, a homemade technique refined independently by Sam Phillips and Leonard Chess in Chicago with sewer pipes and bathroom acoustics." While recording artists such as Bill Haley were playing music that fused rhythm and blues, western swing and country music in the early 1950s, and Tennessee Ernie Ford performed in a somewhat similar style on songs such as "Smokey Mountain Boogie," they were not playing rockabilly. As Nick Tosches writes, "By the early 1950s, it was not uncommon to encounter simultaneous country and rhythm-and-blues recordings of the same song." And he points out that the Delmore Brothers and Hank Williams were performing, in the late 1940s, music that could be called rock and roll. But rockabilly was a stripped-down version of its various sources, and thus a specific stylistic moment in the evolution of music that before had existed in many forms.

Bill Flagg was the first to name the music when he recorded for Tetra Records in 1955 - 1956. His song "Go Cat Go" went into the National Billboard charts in 1956. He is a member of the Rockabilly Hall Of Fame.

Elvis Presley's 1954 Memphis sessions for Sam Phillips's Sun Records produced arguably the first rockabilly recordings. "That's All Right," first performed by Arthur Crudup, was a reworking of a blues tune, done with overtones of country music. "Blue Moon of Kentucky," by Bill Monroe, was a bluegrass standard, done with overtones of blues.

During roughly the same period of time, a young singer/songwriter down in Lubbock, Texas named Buddy Holly was busy taking elements of various musical styles (blues, country, gospel, south of the border, etc...) and melding them into what later became the "Tex-Mex" sound. Holly's pioneering efforts are legendary, and the rockabilly sound was a strong element in much of his work.

Carl Perkins, who also recorded for Sun, is another performer whose recordings helped to define the genre. "Blue Suede Shoes", written by Carl, is considered a classic of the style. The early recordings of Jerry Lee Lewis, Johnny Cash, Dale Hawkins, Charlie Feathers, Hasil Adkins, Gene Vincent, Billy Lee Riley and Roy Orbison are also considered essential, although Cash, Vincent, Lewis and Orbison each went on to perform in other styles. Eddie Cochran and Ricky Nelson also are considered rockabilly performers; they were not, however, from the South, although Nelson's guitarist, James Burton, grew up in Shreveport.

Although the influence of rockabilly, both as a musical style and as a set of attitudes and gestures, has never waned, Holly's death in a plane crash in 1959 tended to mark the end of the classic rockabilly era. In the 1980s, The Stray Cats led a brief revival of interest in rockabilly, while another revival followed in the 1990s with bands like High Noon, Big Sandy and the Fly-Rite Boys, the Dave and Deke Combo, The Racketeers, and many others. And bands like The Cramps, Tav Falco's Panther Burns, Reverend Horton Heat, Southern Culture on the Skids, Batmobile and more importantly The Meteors merged the music with Punk rock/Horror, forming a distinct sub-genre referred to as psychobilly. Dire Straits did a rockabilly track, The Bug, on their 1991 album On Every Street.

Guralnick writes, "Rockabilly is the purest of all rock 'n' roll genres. That is because it never went anywhere. It is preserved in perfect isolation within an indistinct time period....".

In 1997, the Rockabilly Hall of Fame was founded by Bob Timmers to present early rock and roll history and information relative to the artists and personalities involved in this pioneering American music genre.


Some Rockabilly Acts

More recent rockabilly performers have merged the style with western swing and jump blues to produce a music that combines elements of music common to the late 1940s and 1950s, without adhering to the strict practices of rockabilly itself.


The Fashion Sub-Culture

Worthy of mentioning is the fact that devoted followers of Rockabilly music and it's fashion are known as Rockabillies, or "Billys" within the "scene". The hairstyle is usually a tame or more exagerated "pomp" or pompadeur hairstyle as was popular with 1950s artists like Buddy Holly, Jerry Lee Lewis and revivalists stars from the '80s, The Stray Cats. This hair style is usually maintained with large amounts of pomade hair wax from traditional brand names like; Brylcreem, Black & White Pluko, Murrays and Layrite. It was rumored that Elvis Presley and Johnny Cash both used Genuine B&W Pomade to hold up their hair with a thick and shiny look. The clothing is largely reflective of the popular styles worn by the musicians in the 1950s themselves; slacks, pastel colored and Daddy-O styled shirts, baggy coats with the shirt collars worn over the coat collar, creeper shoes in every colour of the spectrum, with black and white being the most popular. In regards to fashion, Rockabillies look very similiar to other music/fashion subcultures like Greasers, Teds (Teddy Boys) and Rockers of the same era. All have a love and respect of classic American cars, British motorcycles, Rock n Roll, and vintage clothing. And all have a steady and popular revivalist following all over the world.


Bands

  • Belmont Playboys
  • Big Sandy and the Fly-Rite Boys
  • Blacktop Rockets
  • Buddy Holly
  • Cave Catt Sammy
  • Cigar Store Indians
  • Charlie Feathers
  • Chuck Berry
  • Dagmar and the Seductones
  • David Vanian and the Phantom Chords
  • Dead Man's Hand
  • Deke Dickerson
  • Dragstrip 77
  • The Dempseys
  • Frantic Flattops
  • High Noon
  • Hillbilly Hellcats
  • Hillbilly Moon Explosion
  • Hot Rod Lincoln
  • Jack Knife and the Sharps
  • Johnny Knox and High Test
  • Johnny Mercury
  • Josie Kreuzer
  • Kim Lenz
  • Marti Brom
  • The Raging Teens
  • Rocket 350
  • Sonoramic Commando
  • The Caravans
  • The Tremors
  • Three Bad Jacks
  • Turbopotamos
  • The Young Werewolves

There are also some rockabilly inspired acts, such as the successful Australian band, The Living End. Although they have been classed as a punk band, their music is similar in style to The Straycats.

Samples

  • Download sample of Elvis Presley's "Good Rockin' Tonight"

Further reading

  • Roadkill on the Three-Chord Highway, Colin Escott, Routledge, 2002. ISBN 0-415-93783-3
  • Miller, Jim (editor). The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll. (1976). New York: Rolling Stone Press/Random House. ISBN 0-394-40327-4. ("Rockabilly," chapter written by Guralnick, Peter. pp. 64-67.)
  • Tosches, Nick. Unsung Heroes of Rock 'n' Roll. (1984). New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 0-517-58052-7.
  • Morrison, Craig. Go Cat Go!: Rockabilly Music and its Makers. (1996). Illinois. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06538-7.

External links

  • Rockabilly Hall Of Fame

This page about Rockabilly includes information from a Wikipedia article.
Additional articles about Rockabilly
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Images of Rockabilly

Although they have been classed as a punk band, their music is similar in style to The Straycats. Others have books professionally printed in hard bound books to be saved as keepsakes. There are also some rockabilly inspired acts, such as the successful Australian band, The Living End. Many digital scrappers print their finished layouts to be stored in scrapbook albums.
. Furthermore, digital scrapbooking is not limited to digital storage and display. And all have a steady and popular revivalist following all over the world. Scrapbooks that exist completely in digital image form are referred to as "digital scrapbooks," or "computer scrapbooks." While some people prefer the physicality of the actual artifacts they paste onto the pages of books, the digital scrapbooking hobby has grown in popularity in recent years.

All have a love and respect of classic American cars, British motorcycles, Rock n Roll, and vintage clothing. The internet allows scrapbookers to self-publish their work, even if it is just for a readership of one. In regards to fashion, Rockabillies look very similiar to other music/fashion subcultures like Greasers, Teds (Teddy Boys) and Rockers of the same era.
Many scrapbookers no longer cut and paste clippings or photos direcly into books because scanners, desktop publishing, page layout programs, and advanced printing options make it relatively easy to create professional-looking layouts in digital form. The clothing is largely reflective of the popular styles worn by the musicians in the 1950s themselves; slacks, pastel colored and Daddy-O styled shirts, baggy coats with the shirt collars worn over the coat collar, creeper shoes in every colour of the spectrum, with black and white being the most popular. Whatever the style of journaling that the scrapbooker chooses to implement, journaling is considered a priority in the completion of a scrapbook layout, second only to the photographs themselves. It was rumored that Elvis Presley and Johnny Cash both used Genuine B&W Pomade to hold up their hair with a thick and shiny look. More than just dating photographs, contemporary journaling is often reflective and story-like, or can take on a more reportive tone.

This hair style is usually maintained with large amounts of pomade hair wax from traditional brand names like; Brylcreem, Black & White Pluko, Murrays and Layrite. In addition to the collection of photographs, tickets, postcards, and other memorabilia, journaling is an essential element in modern scrapbooks. The hairstyle is usually a tame or more exagerated "pomp" or pompadeur hairstyle as was popular with 1950s artists like Buddy Holly, Jerry Lee Lewis and revivalists stars from the '80s, The Stray Cats. Older "magnetic" albums were not acid-free and thus caused damage to the photos and memorabilia included in them. Worthy of mentioning is the fact that devoted followers of Rockabilly music and it's fashion are known as Rockabillies, or "Billys" within the "scene". Scrappers insist on acid-free, lignin-free papers, stamp ink, and embossing powder, and pigment based inks, which are fade resistant, colorfast, and often waterproof.
. Designed to preserve photographs and journaling in their original state, materials encouraged by most serious scrapbookers are of a higher quality than those of many typical photo albums commercially available.

More recent rockabilly performers have merged the style with western swing and jump blues to produce a music that combines elements of music common to the late 1940s and 1950s, without adhering to the strict practices of rockabilly itself. One of the key components of modern scrapbooking is the archival quality of the supplies. . Creativity in materials is encouraged, so many common craft supplies can be and are used for scrapbooking.
. Basic materials include background papers, photo corner mounts, scissors, stickers, die cut templates, rub-on letters, rubber stamps, craft punches, art pens, vellum, decorative eyelets and brads, ribbons, tags, glitter, various embellishments such as chalk and ribbon, and mounting glues. In 1997, the Rockabilly Hall of Fame was founded by Bob Timmers to present early rock and roll history and information relative to the artists and personalities involved in this pioneering American music genre. Some of these are adhered to various containers, such as matchbooks, CD cases, or other small holders.

It is preserved in perfect isolation within an indistinct time period....". There are other formats, such as mini albums and accordian-style fold-out albums. That is because it never went anywhere. The most important scrapbooking supply is the album itself, which can be permanently bound, or allow for insertion of pages. Guralnick writes, "Rockabilly is the purest of all rock 'n' roll genres. Scrapbooking is not only a hobby to create a place for one's keepsakes, but also has become a popular way to make gifts for weddings and other special occasions. Dire Straits did a rockabilly track, The Bug, on their 1991 album On Every Street. Supplies can also be ordered online.

And bands like The Cramps, Tav Falco's Panther Burns, Reverend Horton Heat, Southern Culture on the Skids, Batmobile and more importantly The Meteors merged the music with Punk rock/Horror, forming a distinct sub-genre referred to as psychobilly. It is at LSSs where one can attend classes and find out where the best "crops" are. In the 1980s, The Stray Cats led a brief revival of interest in rockabilly, while another revival followed in the 1990s with bands like High Noon, Big Sandy and the Fly-Rite Boys, the Dave and Deke Combo, The Racketeers, and many others. Local scrapbook stores (LSSs) are considered the heart and soul of the hobby of scrapbooking by some enthusiasts. Although the influence of rockabilly, both as a musical style and as a set of attitudes and gestures, has never waned, Holly's death in a plane crash in 1959 tended to mark the end of the classic rockabilly era. Originally, it was hard to find scrapbooking supplies, but now most major discount stores and almost all major craft supply stores stock them. Eddie Cochran and Ricky Nelson also are considered rockabilly performers; they were not, however, from the South, although Nelson's guitarist, James Burton, grew up in Shreveport. There are several scrapbooking magazines, and even entire shows and infomercials dedicated to selling products related to the hobby.

The early recordings of Jerry Lee Lewis, Johnny Cash, Dale Hawkins, Charlie Feathers, Hasil Adkins, Gene Vincent, Billy Lee Riley and Roy Orbison are also considered essential, although Cash, Vincent, Lewis and Orbison each went on to perform in other styles. As an industry, it is young, with many new players entering the market to serve various niches. "Blue Suede Shoes", written by Carl, is considered a classic of the style. Embellishments include stickers, die cuts, fancy lettering and trinkets to decorate and personalize each page. Carl Perkins, who also recorded for Sun, is another performer whose recordings helped to define the genre. Various accessories, referred to as "embellishments," are used to decorate scrapbook pages. Holly's pioneering efforts are legendary, and the rockabilly sound was a strong element in much of his work. The most common new formats are 6"×6" or 8"×8".

During roughly the same period of time, a young singer/songwriter down in Lubbock, Texas named Buddy Holly was busy taking elements of various musical styles (blues, country, gospel, south of the border, etc...) and melding them into what later became the "Tex-Mex" sound. More recently smaller albums have become very popular. "Blue Moon of Kentucky," by Bill Monroe, was a bluegrass standard, done with overtones of blues. Modern scrapbooking is done largely on 12"×12" or 8½×11" pages. "That's All Right," first performed by Arthur Crudup, was a reworking of a blues tune, done with overtones of country music. This hobby has surpassed golf in popularity: one in four households has someone playing golf; one in three has someone involved in scrapbooking. Elvis Presley's 1954 Memphis sessions for Sam Phillips's Sun Records produced arguably the first rockabilly recordings. It is now a multi-billion dollar industry with a large number of companies creating scrapbooking products.

He is a member of the Rockabilly Hall Of Fame. The hobby of scrapbooking has taken off largely due to multi-level marketing enterprises such as Creative Memories. His song "Go Cat Go" went into the National Billboard charts in 1956. These events are commonly referred to as "crops," because scrapbookers often crop photos at them. Bill Flagg was the first to name the music when he recorded for Tetra Records in 1955 - 1956. Scrappers share tips and ideas as well as enjoying a social outlet. But rockabilly was a stripped-down version of its various sources, and thus a specific stylistic moment in the evolution of music that before had existed in many forms. Across the world, "scrappers" or "scrapbookers" get together and scrapbook at each other's homes, local scrapbook stores, scrapbooking conventions, retreat centers, and even on cruises.

As Nick Tosches writes, "By the early 1950s, it was not uncommon to encounter simultaneous country and rhythm-and-blues recordings of the same song." And he points out that the Delmore Brothers and Hank Williams were performing, in the late 1940s, music that could be called rock and roll. The craft has grown tremendously in recent years. As Peter Guralnick writes, "Its rhythm was nervously uptempo, accented on the offbeat, and propelled by a distinctively slapping bass....The sound was further bolstered by generous use of echo, a homemade technique refined independently by Sam Phillips and Leonard Chess in Chicago with sewer pipes and bathroom acoustics." While recording artists such as Bill Haley were playing music that fused rhythm and blues, western swing and country music in the early 1950s, and Tennessee Ernie Ford performed in a somewhat similar style on songs such as "Smokey Mountain Boogie," they were not playing rockabilly. Scrapbooking is a hobby where people compile newspaper clippings, magazine articles, photos, or other memorabilia into decorated albums, or scrapbooks. It is a fusion of blues, hillbilly boogie, bluegrass music and country music, and its origins lie in the American South. Rockabilly is the earliest form of rock and roll as a distinct style of music.

Rockabilly Hall Of Fame. ISBN 0-252-06538-7. University of Illinois Press. Illinois.

(1996). Go Cat Go!: Rockabilly Music and its Makers. Morrison, Craig. ISBN 0-517-58052-7.

New York: Harmony Books. (1984). Unsung Heroes of Rock 'n' Roll. Tosches, Nick.

64-67.). pp. ("Rockabilly," chapter written by Guralnick, Peter. ISBN 0-394-40327-4.

New York: Rolling Stone Press/Random House. (1976). The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll. Miller, Jim (editor).

ISBN 0-415-93783-3. Roadkill on the Three-Chord Highway, Colin Escott, Routledge, 2002. Download sample of Elvis Presley's "Good Rockin' Tonight". The Young Werewolves.

Turbopotamos. Three Bad Jacks. The Tremors. The Caravans.

Sonoramic Commando. Rocket 350. The Raging Teens. Marti Brom.

Kim Lenz. Josie Kreuzer. Johnny Mercury. Johnny Knox and High Test.

Jack Knife and the Sharps. Hot Rod Lincoln. Hillbilly Moon Explosion. Hillbilly Hellcats.

High Noon. Frantic Flattops. The Dempseys. Dragstrip 77.

Deke Dickerson. Dead Man's Hand. David Vanian and the Phantom Chords. Dagmar and the Seductones.

Chuck Berry. Charlie Feathers. Cigar Store Indians. Cave Catt Sammy.

Buddy Holly. Blacktop Rockets. Big Sandy and the Fly-Rite Boys. Belmont Playboys.