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Ray Charles

Ray Charles at the piano.

Ray Charles Robinson (September 23, 1930 – June 10, 2004), commonly known as Ray Charles, was a pioneering pianist and soul singer who helped shape the sound of rhythm and blues and brought a soulful sound to everything from country music to pop standards to a now-iconic rendition of "America the Beautiful." Frank Sinatra has called him "the only genius in the business".

Early years

He was born Ray Charles Robinson in Albany, Georgia, shortening his name when he entered show business to avoid confusion with boxer Sugar Ray Robinson. Charles began going blind at around age five and was totally blind by age seven. He said that the causes were undiagnosed, but many believe it was as a result of glaucoma. Just before his eyes began to fail, he had seen his younger brother, George, drown in a washtub. He attended school at the St. Augustine School for the Deaf and the Blind in St. Augustine, Florida as a charity case; he learned how to read Braille, as well as to write music and play various instruments. While he was there, his mother, who had raised him, died.

After he left school, Charles began working as a musician in Florida, eventually moving to Seattle, Washington in 1947. He soon started recording, achieving his first hit song with "Baby, Let Me Hold Your Hand" (1951).

Early influences on his work were Nat King Cole (both his vocals and piano playing) and Charles Brown. While his first recordings were only skillful imitations of his heroes, Charles' music soon became more innovative. He toured with Lowell Fulson and worked with Guitar Slim and Ruth Brown. After joining Atlantic Records, Charles' sound became more original. For example, Charles controversially adapted secular lyrics to many gospel songs, and then played them with jazz backgrounds.

Middle years

His first hit in this mode was "Mess Around," which was based on the 1929 classic "Pinetop's Boogie Woogie" by Pinetop Smith and written by Ahmet Ertegun, his producer at Atlantic Records. He had another hit with the rap-like urban jive of "It Should Have Been Me," but went into high gear with the gospel drive of "I Got A Woman." (1955) This was followed by "This Little Girl of Mine," "Drown in My Own Tears," "Hallelujah I Love Her So," and "Lonely Avenue," half of them gospel songs converted with secular lyrics, and the others blues ballads.

Although Charles was criticized for singing gospel songs with secular lyrics, there is a long tradition of putting religious lyrics to popular songs and vice versa. See Thomas A. Dorsey, one of the founders of gospel music, who also had a significant career in secular music. Solomon Burke and Little Richard also moved between the two styles.

After an appearance at the Newport Jazz Festival he achieved mainstream success with "(The Night Time is) The Right Time" and his signature song, "What'd I Say." The essence of this phase of his career can be heard on his live album Ray Charles In Person, recorded before a mostly African-American audience in Atlanta in 1958. This album also features the first public performance of "What'd I Say." It broke out as a hit in Atlanta from the tape, months before it was recorded in the studio in a two-part version with better fidelity.

Charles had already begun to go beyond the limits of his blues-gospel synthesis while still at Atlantic, which now called him The Genius. He recorded with large orchestras and with jazz artists like Milt Jackson and even made his first country music cover with Hank Snow's "I'm Movin' On."

Then, he did move on, to ABC Records. At ABC, Charles had a great deal of control over his music, and broadened his approach, not on experimental side projects, but with out and out pop music, resulting in such hits as "Unchain My Heart" and "Hit the Road, Jack." In 1962, Charles surprised his new, broad audience with his landmark album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music, which included the numbers "I Can't Stop Loving You" and "You Don't Know Me." This was followed by a series of hits, including "You Are My Sunshine," "Crying Time," "Busted" and "Unchain My Heart."

Later years

In 1965, Charles was arrested for possession of heroin, a drug to which he had been addicted for seventeen years. It was his third arrest for the offense, but he avoided prison time after kicking the habit in a clinic in Los Angeles. He spent a year on parole and defiantly released Ashford and Simpson's "Lets Go Get Stoned." (1966)

After the 1960s, Charles' releases were hit-or-miss, with some massive hits and critically acclaimed work, and some music that was dismissed as unoriginal and staid. He concentrated largely on live performances, although his version of "Georgia On My Mind," a Hoagy Carmichael song originally written for a girl named Georgia, was a hit and soon was proclaimed the state song of Georgia, with Charles performing it on the floor of the state legislature. He also had success with his unique version of "America the Beautiful." In 1980 Charles made a musical cameo appearance in The Blues Brothers.

In the late 1980s, a number of events increased Ray's recognition among young audiences. In 1985, "Night Time is the Right Time" was featured in the episode "Happy Anniversary" of The Cosby Show. Cast members used the song to perform a wildly popular lip-synch that helped the show secure its wide viewership. In 1986, he collaborated with Billy Joel on "Baby Grand" for Joel's album The Bridge. In 1987, Charles guest-starred in the episode "Hit the Road, Chad," of Who's the Boss. Charles performed the song, "Always a Friend." Charles' new connection with audiences helped secure a spokesmanship for Diet Pepsi. In this highly successful advertising campaign, Charles popularized the catchphrase "You've got the right one, baby!" At the height of his newfound fame in the early nineties, Charles did guest vocals for quite a few projects. These included the INXS song "Please (You've Got That...)," on the Full Moon, Dirty Hearts album, as well as the theme song for Designing Women in its sixth season. He also appeared (with Chaka Khan) on long time friend Quincy Jones' hit I'll Be Good To You in 1991. In 2004 he did a new album, Genius Loves Company, with Norah Jones which got nominated in the Grammy Awards for Best Pop Vocal Album, Album of the year and Record of the year. They won Album of the year and record of the year. Their song "Here We Go Again" was nominated for Best Song.

Last performances

One of Charles' last public performances was in 2003 at a televised annual electronic media journalist banquet held in Washington, DC. He performed "Georgia On My Mind" and "America the Beautiful," though the singer was a bit slower and had some more vocal difficulty than in his younger days. Ray Charles' final public appearance came on April 30, 2004, at the dedication of his music studio as an historic landmark in the city of Los Angeles.

He died at age 73 of liver disease at his home in Beverly Hills, California, surrounded by family and friends. He was interred in the Inglewood Park Cemetery in Inglewood, California.

His final album, Genius Loves Company, released after his death, consists of duets with various admirers and contemporaries, including B.B. King, Van Morrison, Willie Nelson, James Taylor, Elton John, Bonnie Raitt, Diana Krall, Norah Jones, and Johnny Mathis. Unlike a similar Frank Sinatra album, the duets were recorded face-to-face, with both performers in the studio at the same time.

Charles was significantly involved in the critically-acclaimed biopic Ray, an October 2004 film which portrays his life and career between 1930 and 1966 and stars actor Jamie Foxx as Charles. Foxx won the 2005 Best Actor Academy Award for the role.

Before shooting could begin, however, director Taylor Hackford brought Foxx to meet Charles, who heard that the younger man was an accomplished pianist and insisted that they sit down at two pianos and jam. For two hours, Charles challenged Foxx, who revealed the depth of his talent, and finally, Charles stood up, hugged himself, and proclaimed, "He's the one...he can do it," thus giving his blessing.

Charles was able to "see" the completed film, but he died before it opened in theaters.

The film's credits note that he is survived by 12 children, 21 grandchildren, and five great grandchildren.

Recognition in Halls of Fame

He was an original inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. He is also a member of the Blues Foundation Hall of Fame, the Blues Hall of Fame, the Songwriters' Hall of Fame, the Grammy Hall of Fame, the Jazz Hall of Fame, the Georgia Music Hall of Fame, the Florida Artists Hall of Fame, and the Playboy Hall of Fame.

Controversies

Despite his support of Martin Luther King, Jr., in the 1960s and his support for the civil rights movement, Charles courted controversy when he toured South Africa in 1981 despite an international boycott of the country because of its apartheid policy. He faced pickets in South Africa and in 15 North American cities he toured subsequently including Albany, Los Angeles, New York and Toronto. The United Nations agency supporting the boycott asked him to apologize and promise not to visit South Africa until the abolition of apartheid to which he responded that they could "kindly kiss (my) far end." Despite having described himself as a "Hubert Humphrey Democrat," Charles accepted $100,000 to perform "America the Beautiful" at former U.S. president Ronald Reagan's second inaugural ball. In response to criticism, his manager, Roy Adams, commented: "For that kind of money he would have sung "America the Beautiful" at a Ku Klux Klan rally."

A notorious ladies' man, Charles was married twice and fathered twelve children by seven different women. In a 60 Minutes profile, he admitted to Ed Bradley that he "auditioned" his female back-up singers. The saying was, "To be a Raelet, you've got to let Ray."

From the time of his switch from straight rhythm and blues with a combo, Charles was often accused of selling out. He left behind his classic formulation of rhythm and blues to sing country music, pop songs, and soft-drink commercials. In the process, he went from a niche audience to worldwide fame.

Quotations

  • "When I started to sing like myself — as opposed to imitating Nat Cole, which I had done for a while — when I started singing like Ray Charles, it had this spiritual and churchy, this religious or gospel sound. It had this holiness and preachy tone to it. It was very controversial. I got a lot of criticism for it." — (San Jose Mercury News, 1994)
  • "Do it right or don’t do it at all. That comes from my mom. If there’s something I want to do, I’m one of those people that won’t be satisfied until I get it done. If I’m trying to sing something and I can’t get it, I’m going to keep at it until I get where I want it." — (Fort Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel, 1998)
  • "The fact of the matter is, you don’t give up what’s natural. Anything I’ve fantasized about, I’ve done." — (Los Angeles Times, 1989)

Sample

  • Download OGG sample of "What'd I Say"

Major discography

  • (1959) The Genius of Ray Charles
  • (1962) Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music
  • (1991) The Birth of Soul: The Complete Atlantic Rhythm and Blues Recordings
  • (2004) Genius Loves Company

Suggested reading

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Ray Charles
  • Brother Ray: Ray Charles' Own Story by Ray Charles & David Ritz (Da Capo, ISBN 0306813351). Doubleday; (October 1, 1978).

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In the process, he went from a niche audience to worldwide fame. 2004 Crosby Nash (http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&token=&sql=10:8tkcu3xsanxk). He left behind his classic formulation of rhythm and blues to sing country music, pop songs, and soft-drink commercials. 2001 Carry Me (http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&token=&sql=10:q9r9keztsq7b). From the time of his switch from straight rhythm and blues with a combo, Charles was often accused of selling out. 2001 Bittersweet (http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&token=&sql=10:4fjx7ia3g7or). The saying was, "To be a Raelet, you've got to let Ray.". 1998 Another Stoney Evening (http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&token=&sql=10:uk9ks32ia3vg).

In a 60 Minutes profile, he admitted to Ed Bradley that he "auditioned" his female back-up singers. 1977 Live (http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&token=&sql=10:zw5h8q9tbtc4). A notorious ladies' man, Charles was married twice and fathered twelve children by seven different women. 1976 Whistling Down the Wire (http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&token=&sql=10:9wc8b5p4tsqh). In response to criticism, his manager, Roy Adams, commented: "For that kind of money he would have sung "America the Beautiful" at a Ku Klux Klan rally.". 1975 Wind on the Water (http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&token=&sql=10:25rz28oc051a). president Ronald Reagan's second inaugural ball. 1975 Crosby-Nash live (http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&token=&sql=10:kud0yl3jxpzb).

The United Nations agency supporting the boycott asked him to apologize and promise not to visit South Africa until the abolition of apartheid to which he responded that they could "kindly kiss (my) far end." Despite having described himself as a "Hubert Humphrey Democrat," Charles accepted $100,000 to perform "America the Beautiful" at former U.S.
1972 Graham Nash/David Crosby (http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&token=&sql=10:4knsa9ygb23a). He faced pickets in South Africa and in 15 North American cities he toured subsequently including Albany, Los Angeles, New York and Toronto. Solo discography of David Crosby:. Despite his support of Martin Luther King, Jr., in the 1960s and his support for the civil rights movement, Charles courted controversy when he toured South Africa in 1981 despite an international boycott of the country because of its apartheid policy. Crosby now leads his own band CPR with guitarist Jeff Pevar and keyboardist James Raymond, Crosby's son who was given up for adoption at birth and reunited with his father after he had become a professional musician himself. He is also a member of the Blues Foundation Hall of Fame, the Blues Hall of Fame, the Songwriters' Hall of Fame, the Grammy Hall of Fame, the Jazz Hall of Fame, the Georgia Music Hall of Fame, the Florida Artists Hall of Fame, and the Playboy Hall of Fame. He donated sperm to fellow musician Melissa Etheridge so that she and her lesbian partner could have a baby.

He was an original inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. He was charged with illegal possession of a hunting knife, illegal possession of a handgun and ammunition, and possession of marijuana. The film's credits note that he is survived by 12 children, 21 grandchildren, and five great grandchildren. Crosby was arrested when he went back to the hotel to pick up his property. Charles was able to "see" the completed film, but he died before it opened in theaters. A hotel employee searched the bag to try to find some identification, and found a quantity of marijuana, a 45-caliber handgun and a knife. For two hours, Charles challenged Foxx, who revealed the depth of his talent, and finally, Charles stood up, hugged himself, and proclaimed, "He's the one...he can do it," thus giving his blessing. In 2004, Crosby left behind a piece of luggage when checking out of a New York hotel room.

Before shooting could begin, however, director Taylor Hackford brought Foxx to meet Charles, who heard that the younger man was an accomplished pianist and insisted that they sit down at two pianos and jam. On March 6, 2004 he was arrested for drug possession and weapons offences in New York City. Foxx won the 2005 Best Actor Academy Award for the role. Later, he was the recipient of a highly publicized liver transplant. Charles was significantly involved in the critically-acclaimed biopic Ray, an October 2004 film which portrays his life and career between 1930 and 1966 and stars actor Jamie Foxx as Charles. He was set free after a higher court overturned his conviction on appeal. Unlike a similar Frank Sinatra album, the duets were recorded face-to-face, with both performers in the studio at the same time. In 1985, he served a year in jail in Texas after having been convicted for a drug-related offence a few years earlier.

King, Van Morrison, Willie Nelson, James Taylor, Elton John, Bonnie Raitt, Diana Krall, Norah Jones, and Johnny Mathis. He is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for his work in the Byrds and Crosby Stills and Nash. His final album, Genius Loves Company, released after his death, consists of duets with various admirers and contemporaries, including B.B. He was an original member of The Byrds and Crosby Stills & Nash (later Crosby Stills Nash & Young). He was interred in the Inglewood Park Cemetery in Inglewood, California. He is the son of Floyd Crosby, an Academy Award winning cinematographer. He died at age 73 of liver disease at his home in Beverly Hills, California, surrounded by family and friends. David Van Cortland Crosby (born August 14, 1941 in Los Angeles, California) is a guitarist, singer, and songwriter.

Ray Charles' final public appearance came on April 30, 2004, at the dedication of his music studio as an historic landmark in the city of Los Angeles. 2003 From the Front Row Live (live). He performed "Georgia On My Mind" and "America the Beautiful," though the singer was a bit slower and had some more vocal difficulty than in his younger days. 2002 Déja Vu (live). One of Charles' last public performances was in 2003 at a televised annual electronic media journalist banquet held in Washington, DC. 2000 Live. Their song "Here We Go Again" was nominated for Best Song. 1996 King Biscuit Flower Hour (live).

They won Album of the year and record of the year. 1995 It's All Coming Back To Me Now... (live). In 2004 he did a new album, Genius Loves Company, with Norah Jones which got nominated in the Grammy Awards for Best Pop Vocal Album, Album of the year and Record of the year. 1993 Thousand Roads. He also appeared (with Chaka Khan) on long time friend Quincy Jones' hit I'll Be Good To You in 1991. 1989 Oh Yes I Can. These included the INXS song "Please (You've Got That...)," on the Full Moon, Dirty Hearts album, as well as the theme song for Designing Women in its sixth season. 1971 If I Could Only Remember My Name.

In this highly successful advertising campaign, Charles popularized the catchphrase "You've got the right one, baby!" At the height of his newfound fame in the early nineties, Charles did guest vocals for quite a few projects. Charles performed the song, "Always a Friend." Charles' new connection with audiences helped secure a spokesmanship for Diet Pepsi. In 1987, Charles guest-starred in the episode "Hit the Road, Chad," of Who's the Boss. In 1986, he collaborated with Billy Joel on "Baby Grand" for Joel's album The Bridge.

Cast members used the song to perform a wildly popular lip-synch that helped the show secure its wide viewership. In 1985, "Night Time is the Right Time" was featured in the episode "Happy Anniversary" of The Cosby Show. In the late 1980s, a number of events increased Ray's recognition among young audiences. He also had success with his unique version of "America the Beautiful." In 1980 Charles made a musical cameo appearance in The Blues Brothers.

He concentrated largely on live performances, although his version of "Georgia On My Mind," a Hoagy Carmichael song originally written for a girl named Georgia, was a hit and soon was proclaimed the state song of Georgia, with Charles performing it on the floor of the state legislature. After the 1960s, Charles' releases were hit-or-miss, with some massive hits and critically acclaimed work, and some music that was dismissed as unoriginal and staid. He spent a year on parole and defiantly released Ashford and Simpson's "Lets Go Get Stoned." (1966). It was his third arrest for the offense, but he avoided prison time after kicking the habit in a clinic in Los Angeles.

In 1965, Charles was arrested for possession of heroin, a drug to which he had been addicted for seventeen years. At ABC, Charles had a great deal of control over his music, and broadened his approach, not on experimental side projects, but with out and out pop music, resulting in such hits as "Unchain My Heart" and "Hit the Road, Jack." In 1962, Charles surprised his new, broad audience with his landmark album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music, which included the numbers "I Can't Stop Loving You" and "You Don't Know Me." This was followed by a series of hits, including "You Are My Sunshine," "Crying Time," "Busted" and "Unchain My Heart.". Then, he did move on, to ABC Records. He recorded with large orchestras and with jazz artists like Milt Jackson and even made his first country music cover with Hank Snow's "I'm Movin' On.".

Charles had already begun to go beyond the limits of his blues-gospel synthesis while still at Atlantic, which now called him The Genius. This album also features the first public performance of "What'd I Say." It broke out as a hit in Atlanta from the tape, months before it was recorded in the studio in a two-part version with better fidelity. After an appearance at the Newport Jazz Festival he achieved mainstream success with "(The Night Time is) The Right Time" and his signature song, "What'd I Say." The essence of this phase of his career can be heard on his live album Ray Charles In Person, recorded before a mostly African-American audience in Atlanta in 1958. Solomon Burke and Little Richard also moved between the two styles.

See Thomas A. Dorsey, one of the founders of gospel music, who also had a significant career in secular music. Although Charles was criticized for singing gospel songs with secular lyrics, there is a long tradition of putting religious lyrics to popular songs and vice versa. He had another hit with the rap-like urban jive of "It Should Have Been Me," but went into high gear with the gospel drive of "I Got A Woman." (1955) This was followed by "This Little Girl of Mine," "Drown in My Own Tears," "Hallelujah I Love Her So," and "Lonely Avenue," half of them gospel songs converted with secular lyrics, and the others blues ballads. His first hit in this mode was "Mess Around," which was based on the 1929 classic "Pinetop's Boogie Woogie" by Pinetop Smith and written by Ahmet Ertegun, his producer at Atlantic Records.

For example, Charles controversially adapted secular lyrics to many gospel songs, and then played them with jazz backgrounds. After joining Atlantic Records, Charles' sound became more original. He toured with Lowell Fulson and worked with Guitar Slim and Ruth Brown. While his first recordings were only skillful imitations of his heroes, Charles' music soon became more innovative.

Early influences on his work were Nat King Cole (both his vocals and piano playing) and Charles Brown. After he left school, Charles began working as a musician in Florida, eventually moving to Seattle, Washington in 1947. He soon started recording, achieving his first hit song with "Baby, Let Me Hold Your Hand" (1951). While he was there, his mother, who had raised him, died. Augustine, Florida as a charity case; he learned how to read Braille, as well as to write music and play various instruments.

Augustine School for the Deaf and the Blind in St. He attended school at the St. Just before his eyes began to fail, he had seen his younger brother, George, drown in a washtub. He said that the causes were undiagnosed, but many believe it was as a result of glaucoma.

Charles began going blind at around age five and was totally blind by age seven. He was born Ray Charles Robinson in Albany, Georgia, shortening his name when he entered show business to avoid confusion with boxer Sugar Ray Robinson. Ray Charles Robinson (September 23, 1930 – June 10, 2004), commonly known as Ray Charles, was a pioneering pianist and soul singer who helped shape the sound of rhythm and blues and brought a soulful sound to everything from country music to pop standards to a now-iconic rendition of "America the Beautiful." Frank Sinatra has called him "the only genius in the business". Doubleday; (October 1, 1978).

Brother Ray: Ray Charles' Own Story by Ray Charles & David Ritz (Da Capo, ISBN 0306813351). (2004) Genius Loves Company. (1991) The Birth of Soul: The Complete Atlantic Rhythm and Blues Recordings. (1962) Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music.

(1959) The Genius of Ray Charles. Download OGG sample of "What'd I Say". Anything I’ve fantasized about, I’ve done." — (Los Angeles Times, 1989). "The fact of the matter is, you don’t give up what’s natural.

If I’m trying to sing something and I can’t get it, I’m going to keep at it until I get where I want it." — (Fort Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel, 1998). If there’s something I want to do, I’m one of those people that won’t be satisfied until I get it done. That comes from my mom. "Do it right or don’t do it at all.

I got a lot of criticism for it." — (San Jose Mercury News, 1994). It was very controversial. It had this holiness and preachy tone to it. "When I started to sing like myself — as opposed to imitating Nat Cole, which I had done for a while — when I started singing like Ray Charles, it had this spiritual and churchy, this religious or gospel sound.