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RCA

For other uses, see RCA (disambiguation).

RCA, formerly an initialism for the Radio Corporation of America, is now a trademark used by two companies for products descended from that common ancestor:

  • Thomson SA, which manufactures consumer electronics like RCA-branded televisions, DVD players, video cassette recorders, direct broadcast satellite decoders, camcorders, audio equipment, telephones, and related accessories; and
  • Sony BMG Music Entertainment, which owns the RCA Victor and RCA Records record labels it received from one of its owners, BMG.

The two companies bought those assets from General Electric, which took over the RCA conglomerate in 1986 and kept RCA's NBC broadcasting interests. Initially, GE continued to control the RCA trademarks (including the rights to the His Master's Voice trademark and known worldwide as HMV, or Nipper, in parts of the Americas), which were then licensed to Thomson and Bertelsmann. Thomson eventually bought the RCA trademarks, subject to the perpetual license GE had issued to Sony BMG's predecessor.

Although Bertelsmann AG is new to the RCA family (though the creation of Sony BMG is similar to that of EMI more than 70 years earlier), Thomson started as the French subsidiary of a company which later evolved into General Electric.

Due to their popularity during the golden age of radio, their manufacturing quality, their engineering innovations, their styling and their name, RCA antique radios are one of the more sought-after brands of collectible radios.

Prior to RCA

During World War I the patents of the major companies involved with radio in the United States of America were merged to facilitate the war effort. All production of radio equipment was for the military. The seizure of the assets of British-owned American Marconi by the United States Navy and the cooperation between General Electric, United Fruit and Westinghouse Electric Corporation laid the groundwork for the Radio Corporation of America, RCA.

After the war, many saw radio as a natural monopoly. The United States Navy tried, but failed, to gain the monopoly for the Navy. Owen Young convinced the U.S. Congress to entrust in his company, General Electric (GE), together with American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T), a monopoly of international radio.

History of RCA

Current RCA logo, used by Sony BMG for sound recordings

RCA was formed in 1919 as a publicly-held company owned in part by AT&T and GE. David Sarnoff was named General Manager. RCA's charter required it be mostly American-owned. RCA took over the assets of American Marconi, and was responsible for marketing GE and Westinghouse's radio equipment. It also acquired the patents of United Fruit and Westinghouse, in exchange for ownership stakes.

By 1926, RCA had grasped the market for commercial radio, and purchased the WEAF and WCAP radio stations and network from AT&T, merged them with RCA's own attempt at networking, the WJZ New York/WRC Washington chain, and formed the National Broadcasting Company (NBC).

In 1929, RCA purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the world's largest manufacturer of phonographs (including the famous "Victrola") and phonograph records (in British English, "gramophone records"). The company then became RCA-Victor. With Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the famous Nipper trademark. RCA Victor produced many radio-phonographs. The company also created new techniques for adding sound to film.

In 1931, RCA Victor developed and released the first 33⅓ rpm records to the public. These had the standard groove size identical to the contemporary 78rpm records, rather than the "microgroove" used in post-WWII 33⅓ "Long Play" records. The format was a commercial failure at the height of the Great Depression, partially because the records and playback equipment were expensive. The system was withdrawn from the market after about a year. (This was not the first attempt at a commercial long play record format, as Edison Records had marketed a microgroove vertically recorded disc with 20 minutes playing time per side the previous decade; the Edison long playing records were also a commercial failure.)

In 1939, RCA demonstrated an all-electronic television system at the New York World's Fair. With the introduction of the NTSC standard, the Federal Communications Commission authorized the start of commercial television transmission on July 1, 1941. World War II slowed the deployment of television in the US, but RCA began selling television sets almost immediately after the war was over.

Antitrust concerns led to the breakup of the NBC radio networks by the FCC, a breakup affirmed by the United States Supreme Court. On October 12, 1943, the "NBC Blue" radio network was sold to Life Savers candy magnate Edward J. Noble for $8,000,000, and renamed "The Blue Network, Inc". It would become the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in 1946. The "NBC Red" network retained the NBC name, and RCA retained ownership.

In 1949, RCA-Victor developed and released the first 45 rpm record to the public, answering CBS/Columbia's 33⅓ rpm "LP".

RCA Video-Tape machine

In 1953, RCA's color-TV standard was adopted as the standard for American color TV, the NTSC ("National Television Systems Committee" or "Never Twice the Same Color", depending on RCA/NBC or Westinghouse/CBS affiliation). RCA cameras and studio gear, particularly of the TK-40/41 series, became standard equipment at many American television network affiliates, as RCA CT-100 (external link) ("RCA Merrill" to dealers) television sets introduced color television to the public.

Note that due to their rarity and technological significance, RCA Merrill/CT-100 (and other early color television receivers) are highly sought-after collectibles; attic "relics", especially with an RCA emblem, should be assessed by several knowledgeable and trustworthy antique radio or television collectors prior to disposition.

Despite the company's indisputable leadership in television technology, David Sarnoff in 1955 commented, "Television will never be a medium of entertainment".

RCA's decline

In many ways the story of RCA is the story of David Sarnoff. His drive and business acumen led to RCA becoming one of the largest companies in the world, successfully turning it into a conglomerate during the era of their success. However in 1970, now 79 years old, Sarnoff retired and was succeeded by his son Robert. David Sarnoff died the next year; much of RCA's success died with him.

RCA was one of the eight major computer companies (along with IBM, Burroughs, Control Data Corporation, General Electric, Honeywell, Scientific Data Systems and UNIVAC) through most of the 1960s, but abandoned computers in 1971.

RCA was a major proponent of the eight-track tape cartridge, which it launched in 1965. The eight-track cartridge initially had a huge and profitable impact on the consumer marketplace. However, sales of the 8-track tape format peaked in 1974-75 as consumers increasingly favored the compact cassette format.

During the 1970s, RCA Corporation, as it was now formally known, became increasingly ossified as a company. Robert Sarnoff was ousted in a boardroom coup by Anthony Conrad, who then resigned after admitting failing to file income tax returns for six years. Despite maintaining a high standard of engineering excellence in such fields as broadcast engineering and satellite communications equipment, other businesses such as the NBC radio and television networks declined. Forays into new consumer electronics products, such as the innovative but technologically obsolescent SelectaVision videodisc system, proved money losers.

This eventually led to RCA's sale to GE and its subsequent break-up.

RCA Records label group

In 2006 Sony BMG was re-organized, and RCA became one of two main label groups in the United Kingdom. Head of the department was Craig Logan, manager of P!nk and former band member of Bros.


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Head of the department was Craig Logan, manager of P!nk and former band member of Bros. Such vehicles are intended for transport only, without living accommodations. In 2006 Sony BMG was re-organized, and RCA became one of two main label groups in the United Kingdom. In other parts of the world, particularly Australia, the term RV generally refers to a four-wheel drive off-road vehicle, often called a sport utility vehicle (SUV) in the United States. This eventually led to RCA's sale to GE and its subsequent break-up. In 2005, these locales experienced a boom because of the large number of trailers ordered to house Hurricane Katrina victims. Forays into new consumer electronics products, such as the innovative but technologically obsolescent SelectaVision videodisc system, proved money losers. Many other manufacturers, including Dutchman, Gulf Stream, and Jayco, can be found in the nearby towns of Goshen, Middlebury, Nappanee, and Wakarusa.

Despite maintaining a high standard of engineering excellence in such fields as broadcast engineering and satellite communications equipment, other businesses such as the NBC radio and television networks declined. Elkhart, Indiana, is known as the "RV Capital of the World" because it is home to many RV manufacturers, including, Forest River, Heartland RV, the Damon Corporation, Four Winds, Hy-Line, Keystone, Monaco, Sun Valley, and Travel Supreme. Robert Sarnoff was ousted in a boardroom coup by Anthony Conrad, who then resigned after admitting failing to file income tax returns for six years. Some people craft their own RVs out of cars, vans (vandwellers), or used passenger and school buses. During the 1970s, RCA Corporation, as it was now formally known, became increasingly ossified as a company. A notable example is Hurricane Katrina; the federal disaster relief agency FEMA has ordered large numbers of such trailers to house victims of the storm in Louisiana and Mississippi. However, sales of the 8-track tape format peaked in 1974-75 as consumers increasingly favored the compact cassette format. Similarly, RVs — specifically, trailers which strongly resemble travel trailers, but usually with fewer amenities — have been used to temporarily house victims of natural disasters.

The eight-track cartridge initially had a huge and profitable impact on the consumer marketplace. Some people also live in RVs because they lack funds for more conventional housing. RCA was a major proponent of the eight-track tape cartridge, which it launched in 1965. Disadvantages of RVs include low fuel economy for the motorized RV or tow vehicle, lack of maid service as experienced in motels (maid service is available at a few high-end resorts), and larger RV models can be hard for the novice to drive or tow. RCA was one of the eight major computer companies (along with IBM, Burroughs, Control Data Corporation, General Electric, Honeywell, Scientific Data Systems and UNIVAC) through most of the 1960s, but abandoned computers in 1971. Children also tend to like RVs. David Sarnoff died the next year; much of RCA's success died with him. At the same time, an RV provides more organized living space and better protection from the weather than a tent.

However in 1970, now 79 years old, Sarnoff retired and was succeeded by his son Robert. Advantages of RVs include not having to move one's things in and out of motel rooms, not having to rent multiple motel rooms, and the fact that preparing food saves money compared to eating in restaurants. His drive and business acumen led to RCA becoming one of the largest companies in the world, successfully turning it into a conglomerate during the era of their success. Amenties often include swimming pools, gamerooms and even destination-resort activities such as horseback riding. In many ways the story of RCA is the story of David Sarnoff. Many RVers stay at RV parks, most of which feature electrical, water and sewer service (full hookups), as well as cable television and wireless Internet. Despite the company's indisputable leadership in television technology, David Sarnoff in 1955 commented, "Television will never be a medium of entertainment". These high end RVs typically need to be financed by banks or specialized lenders.

Note that due to their rarity and technological significance, RCA Merrill/CT-100 (and other early color television receivers) are highly sought-after collectibles; attic "relics", especially with an RCA emblem, should be assessed by several knowledgeable and trustworthy antique radio or television collectors prior to disposition. Some RVs are very elaborate, with satellite TV and internet access, slide-out wall panels, and awnings; many RVs can cost in excess of $100,000 and some can cost over $1 million. RCA cameras and studio gear, particularly of the TK-40/41 series, became standard equipment at many American television network affiliates, as RCA CT-100 (external link) ("RCA Merrill" to dealers) television sets introduced color television to the public. Larger models add full bathrooms, refrigerators, living areas, master bedrooms, etc. In 1953, RCA's color-TV standard was adopted as the standard for American color TV, the NTSC ("National Television Systems Committee" or "Never Twice the Same Color", depending on RCA/NBC or Westinghouse/CBS affiliation). A minimal RV typically contains beds, a table, food preparation and storage areas. In 1949, RCA-Victor developed and released the first 45 rpm record to the public, answering CBS/Columbia's 33⅓ rpm "LP". There are different classes of vehicles generally labelled as RVs:.

The "NBC Red" network retained the NBC name, and RCA retained ownership. and Canadian cities. It would become the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in 1946. RVs can be rented in major U.S. Noble for $8,000,000, and renamed "The Blue Network, Inc". While RVs are intended for brief leisure activities such as vacations and camping, some people, especially retirees, live in their units and are known as fulltimers. On October 12, 1943, the "NBC Blue" radio network was sold to Life Savers candy magnate Edward J. Recreational Vehicle (or RV) is a term used in North America to describe a large enclosed piece of equipment with wheels designed to be moved from place to place for people to temporarily live in and be protected from the elements while away from their permanent home.

Antitrust concerns led to the breakup of the NBC radio networks by the FCC, a breakup affirmed by the United States Supreme Court. This type of motor home allows you to pull large and heavy trailers while having all the conveniences of a large motor home. World War II slowed the deployment of television in the US, but RCA began selling television sets almost immediately after the war was over. Toterhome, a motor home built around a semi truck chassis such as a freightliner. With the introduction of the NTSC standard, the Federal Communications Commission authorized the start of commercial television transmission on July 1, 1941. Motorhome ("Winnebago", a product of Winnebago Industries that dominated the market for many years, was long a synonym for a motorhome, but this usage has faded in recent years.). In 1939, RCA demonstrated an all-electronic television system at the New York World's Fair. Park Model - designed for occasional relocation and will require a special tow vehicle and a highway movement permit.

(This was not the first attempt at a commercial long play record format, as Edison Records had marketed a microgroove vertically recorded disc with 20 minutes playing time per side the previous decade; the Edison long playing records were also a commercial failure.). Fifth Wheel Travel Trailer - designed to be towed by a pickup truck equipped with a special hitch in the truck bed. The system was withdrawn from the market after about a year. Travel Trailer - heavier unit with rigid sides designed to be towed by most vehicles by means of a bumper or frame hitch. The format was a commercial failure at the height of the Great Depression, partially because the records and playback equipment were expensive. Folding Camping Trailer - also known as a pop-up trailer; a light-weight unit with sides that collapse for towing and storage. These had the standard groove size identical to the contemporary 78rpm records, rather than the "microgroove" used in post-WWII 33⅓ "Long Play" records. Truck Camper - unit is affixed to the bed or chassis of a pickup truck.

In 1931, RCA Victor developed and released the first 33⅓ rpm records to the public. The company also created new techniques for adding sound to film. RCA Victor produced many radio-phonographs. With Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the famous Nipper trademark.

The company then became RCA-Victor. In 1929, RCA purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the world's largest manufacturer of phonographs (including the famous "Victrola") and phonograph records (in British English, "gramophone records"). By 1926, RCA had grasped the market for commercial radio, and purchased the WEAF and WCAP radio stations and network from AT&T, merged them with RCA's own attempt at networking, the WJZ New York/WRC Washington chain, and formed the National Broadcasting Company (NBC). It also acquired the patents of United Fruit and Westinghouse, in exchange for ownership stakes.

RCA took over the assets of American Marconi, and was responsible for marketing GE and Westinghouse's radio equipment. RCA's charter required it be mostly American-owned. David Sarnoff was named General Manager. RCA was formed in 1919 as a publicly-held company owned in part by AT&T and GE.

Congress to entrust in his company, General Electric (GE), together with American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T), a monopoly of international radio. Owen Young convinced the U.S. The United States Navy tried, but failed, to gain the monopoly for the Navy. After the war, many saw radio as a natural monopoly.

The seizure of the assets of British-owned American Marconi by the United States Navy and the cooperation between General Electric, United Fruit and Westinghouse Electric Corporation laid the groundwork for the Radio Corporation of America, RCA. All production of radio equipment was for the military. During World War I the patents of the major companies involved with radio in the United States of America were merged to facilitate the war effort. .

Due to their popularity during the golden age of radio, their manufacturing quality, their engineering innovations, their styling and their name, RCA antique radios are one of the more sought-after brands of collectible radios. Although Bertelsmann AG is new to the RCA family (though the creation of Sony BMG is similar to that of EMI more than 70 years earlier), Thomson started as the French subsidiary of a company which later evolved into General Electric. Thomson eventually bought the RCA trademarks, subject to the perpetual license GE had issued to Sony BMG's predecessor. Initially, GE continued to control the RCA trademarks (including the rights to the His Master's Voice trademark and known worldwide as HMV, or Nipper, in parts of the Americas), which were then licensed to Thomson and Bertelsmann.

The two companies bought those assets from General Electric, which took over the RCA conglomerate in 1986 and kept RCA's NBC broadcasting interests. RCA, formerly an initialism for the Radio Corporation of America, is now a trademark used by two companies for products descended from that common ancestor:. Sony BMG Music Entertainment, which owns the RCA Victor and RCA Records record labels it received from one of its owners, BMG. Thomson SA, which manufactures consumer electronics like RCA-branded televisions, DVD players, video cassette recorders, direct broadcast satellite decoders, camcorders, audio equipment, telephones, and related accessories; and.