Purdue University

These alumni have led significant advances in research and development of aerospace technology and established an amazing record for exploration of space. This also gives more information on measuring river lengths. The only other non-military institution that has more alumni who have become astronauts is the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). For a longer list see Longest rivers. Over one third of all of NASA's manned space missions have had at least one Purdue graduate as a crew member. This is an average measurement. All together, Purdue has produced 22 astronauts, including the first and last men to walk on the moon. Also, it's hard to state exactly where a river begins or ends, as very often, upstream, rivers are formed by seasonal streams, swamps, or changing lakes.

Purdue alumni have an especially strong relationship with NASA and the space program. It is difficult to measure the length of a river, mainly because rivers have a fractal property, which means that the more precise the measure, the longer the river will seem. Purdue’s distinguished faculty have won Nobel prizes, solved long-standing riddles in science, headed government agencies, and received countless awards. Dredged channels silt up, sluice mechanisms deteriorate with age, levees and dams may suffer seepage or catastrophic failure. Purdue alumni have headed corporations, held federal offices, founded television networks, and flown through space. River management is an ongoing activity as rivers tend to 'undo' the modifications made by man. Purdue University has long been associated with accomplished and distinguished students and faculty. Rivers in inhabited areas have therefore been managed or controlled to make them more useful and less disruptive to human activity.

See Purdue's website for more information. In its natural state a river may be inconvenient to man in a variety of ways. Purdue University operates fifteen separate residence facilities for its undergraduate and graduate students including: Cary Quadrangle, Earhart Hall, Harrison Hall, Hawkins Hall, Hillenbrand Hall, Hilltop Apartments, McCutcheon Hall, Meredith Hall, Owen Hall, Purdue Village, Shreve Hall, Tarkington Hall, Wiley Hall, Windsor Halls, and Young Hall. Marc Duboiski and Mike Ramsey of the Salmon Recovery Funding board staff, George Pess of the National Marine Fisheries Service, and Kevin Bauersfeld of Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife have prepared the Report to the Salmon Recovery Funding Board On the Engineered Log Jam (ELJ) Workshop ([1]), with the hope of mimicking natural logjams. The Board of Trustees directly appoints other major officers of the university including a Provost who serves as the chief academic officer for the university, a number of vice presidents with oversight over specific university operations, and the satellite campus chancellors. As a result, many scientists have attempted to recreate artificial logjams. The office of the president oversees admission and registration, student conduct and counseling, the administration and scheduling of classes and space, the administration of student athletics and organized extracurricular activities, the libraries, the appointment of the faculty and conditions of their employment, the appointment of all non-faculty employees and the conditions of employment, the general organization of the university, and the planning and administration of the university budget. Today, many believe that the rebuilding of salmon runs is contingent upon reproducing the same environment shaped by logjams.

He is responsible for organizing and establishing the administrative staff of the university not otherwise established by the trustees, and delegating to each administrative office with appropriate duties and responsibilities. The existence of these deep pools along with the complex web of channels creates an ideal salmon habitat. Jischke, appointed by the Board of Trustees, is the chief administrative officer of the university. Montgomery in his book, King of Fish, a logjam also causes water to buildup within a small space, forming peaceful pools within the main channel for young salmon to live within. President Martin C. According to author David R. Current board members include:. Over time, the obstruction prevents further logs to bypass, resulting in the creation of new network channels.

Each member serves for a term of three years, except the student member who serves for two years. Logjams are barriers within rivers, created by dead and uprooted trees. The Board of Trustees consists of ten members (including one student of the university), as appointed by the governor of Indiana. This leads to faster soil saturation and therefore greater overland flow (also known as surface run off) and therefore, there are flash floods as the lag time decrease. The authority and responsibility of the Board of Trustees can be changed only by legislative acts of the Indiana General Assembly. As a result there is a reduced Infiltration capacity (how much water the soil can hold) and greater infiltration (precipitation going into the ground). The laws of the state of Indiana require that the trustees: provide a seal, have power to appoint and remove all professors and teachers, regulate faculty and staff compensations, do anything necessary and expedient to put and keep the university in operation, and make all bylaws, rules, and regulations necessary to conduct and manage the university. The removal of vegetation leads to a reduction in Interception (vegetation stopping precipitation) and the 'weakening' of soil since plant roots no longer hold it together.

When Purdue University was established in 1869, the Indiana General Assembly created a Board of Trustees having, by law, full governance and control of the university. Human interference in the form of deforestation can also worsen conditions. Below is a selection of the most popular legends. Nowadays, since people have built on these floodplains, floods are disasters, causing untold property loss each year. Many of these legends are so outlandish, it is difficult to believe they are still in circulation. In ancient Egypt, life was made possible through the floods of the Nile and the accompanying silt and sediment which enriched the fields with fresh nutrients. Like many institutions with long and rich histories, Purdue University is steeped in legend. Removal of bogs, swamps and other wetlands in order to produce farmland has reduced the absorption zones for excess water and made floods into sudden disasters rather than gradual increases in water flow.

The lyrics are as follows:. Human activity, however, has upset the natural way flooding occurs by walling off rivers and straightening their courses. Elliott Hall of Music. Flooding is a natural part of a river's cycles. The University Choir first performed the hymn in 1943, during convocation in the Edward C. One very famous, and problematic, dam is the Aswan High Dam in the Nile. The lyrics and music were written by Alfred Kirchhoff in 1941. It also raises concern of earthquakes due to instablity of incompetent dams which have to support thousands of tonnes of sediments behind them.

In 1993 the Purdue Board of Trustees approved the "Purdue Hymn" as the official alma mater of the university. Furthermore, trapping of river sediments behind the dams lead to salination and loss of nutrients for down-water fish. The lyrics of the refrain are:. Critics of dams especially 'Green' advocates, argue that dams remove upper-river biodiversity such as through deforestation and forced migration of rural villages and indigenous tribes. The official fight song of Purdue University, “Hail Purdue!”, was composed in 1912 by alumni Edward Wotawa (music) and James Morrison (lyrics) as the "Purdue War Song." "Hail Purdue" was copyrighted in 1913 and dedicated to the Varsity Glee Club. Often, dams such as Hoover Dam along Colorado River become famous tourist attractions. The distinctive colors were inspired by those of Princeton University, at the time the leader in college football, whose colors were black and orange. Dams are useful in many ways, such as providing HEP, acting as regulator of river flow so as to regulate the occurrence of flooding, which is especially important to wet-rice agriculture, and also to improve navigation and transport on the river.

Purdue University adopted its school colors, Old Gold and Black, in the fall of 1887. Often the building of dams affects the whole of the river, even the part above the dam, as migrating fish are hindered (see fish ladder), waterflow is no longer bounded by seasonal changes and sediment flow is blocked. The seal is generally reserved for more formal usage than the logos of the Boilermaker Special, or Purdue Pete, although a different seal composed of a stylized P surrounded by a circle appears on diplomas. This disrupts the natural flow of the river, and creates a lake behind the dam. The words 'Purdue University' are set in Uncial typeface above the griffin, and below the three-part shield represents the three stated aims of the university: education, research, and service. In places where the elevation changes of a river are great, dams for hydroelectric plants and other purposes are often built. The seal features a stylized griffin, which in medieval heraldry symbolizes strength. (Source: NoorderSoft Waterways Database).

The seal, designed by Purdue professor Al Gowan, replaced one that had been used informally for more than 70 years. The French have canalized the river by means of a series of hydropower dams and double ship locks, thus ensuring a year round navigable depth of 3.50 meters. In 1969 the Purdue University Board of Trustees approved the official seal of Purdue as part of the university’s centennial celebration. Upstream from Karlsruhe the Rhine is the border between France and Germany. The inflatable mascot, made of parachute material, stands nearly 10 feet (3 meters) tall, and represents a young boy who hopes to become a Purdue Boilermaker. for the stretch around Bingen (between the mouths of the Mosel and the Main). Purdue's newest symbol, Rowdy, was introduced in 1997 during the first home football game of the season. The further upstream, the more depth restrictions: at low water periods draught of ships is often limited to 1,90 m.

As a matter of tradition, the modern mallet-wielding Boilermaker character always appears in a #1 jersey. The lower part of the river is navigable for the largest inland vessels (up to 135 meters long and 17 meters wide) with an available depth of more than 2,50 even at the lower water levels. By 1956 Purdue Pete was at the center of activity at Boilermaker athletic events, as entertainer and energizer. Many millions of tons of goods are transported upstream yearly from these three sea ports to the industries near Nijmegen, Duisburg, Düsseldorf, Neuss, Köln, Koblenz, Mainz, Mannheim, Karlsruhe, Strasbourg, Colmar, Mulhouse and Basel. Eventually, the popularity of the image grew among the Purdue community, and the advertisement evolved into a full character, complete with costume and mallet. Inland vessels use the river to reach the major cities in Germany, Eastern France and Switzerland to transport bulk goods, liquids, containers AND passengers into the hinterland of the Port of Rotterdam and the ports of Amsterdam and Antwerp. Pete was originally developed in 1940 as an advertising logo for the University Bookstore. The Rhine is the busiest river in the world for transport ships.

Though not the official mascot, Purdue Pete is one of the most recognized symbols of Purdue University. Non-point source pollutants such as diffuse pollution from agriculture, urbanisation and forestry and now being recognised as one of the more damaging sources of pollutants in the developed world. The latest generation of the mascot, the Boilermaker Special Mark V, was dedicated during the halftime show of the 1993 football game versus Notre Dame at Purdue's Ross-Ade Stadium. Heated water dumped into rivers by power plants and factories also affects river life. The Boilermaker Special, a locomotive, has been the official mascot of Purdue athletics since the 1930s. The most common point source of pollutant is probably sewage piped into rivers, but chemical pollution is also common, and industrial accidents (and/or negligence) account for significant destruction of riparian biomes. In the more than 130 years since the founding of the university, several mascots have emerged in support of the Boilermaker athletic teams, including: The Boilermaker Special, Purdue Pete, and more recently, Rowdy. Human pollution of rivers is common, and very few rivers in the world today are clean of man-made substances.

Before the widespread adoption of ‘Boilermaker,’ Purdue was also sometimes referred to as the home of the "haymakers," the "rail-splitters," the "sluggers," or the "cornfield sailors.". Living things in a river must be adapted to the current of the moving water. Soon afterward, Lafayette newspapers were using the name, and in 1892 the student newspaper announced its approval of the 'boilermaker'. The flora and fauna of rivers are much different from those of the ocean because the water is fresh (non-salty). In 1891, the Purdue football team was first referred to as the "Boiler Makers" by a reporter from Crawfordsville, Indiana, who wrote about the team’s 44-0 victory over local rival Wabash College. Starting at the mouth of the river and following it upstream as it branches again and again the resulting river network forms a dendritic (tree-like) structure that is an example of a natural random fractal. The name that has become such a big part of the identity of the university has its origins in the words of a nineteenth century sportswriter. (Watershed is also used however to mean a boundary between catchment basins.).

Over the years, the name has been applied to Purdue organizations (athletic and otherwise), institutions, and individuals alike, and has come to be the unofficial nickname for all things Purdue, although Boilermaker is the official moniker of the athletics teams and certain other university organizations. The area drained by a river and its tributaries is called its watershed or catchment basin. Since the 1890s, the term ‘Boilermaker’ has been synonymous with Purdue. In arid areas rivers sometimes end by losing water to evaporation and percolation into dry, porous material such as sand, soil, or pervious rock. After his first season at Purdue, Tiller was named National Coach of the Year by both Football News and Kickoff magazines, the GTE Region 3 Coach of the Year by the American Football Coaches Association and the Big Ten Dave McClain Coach of the Year. They end at their base level where they flow into a larger body of water, the sea, a lake, or as a tributary to another (usually larger) river. The team has made a bowl appearance every year of Tiller’s leadership except in 2005 after a streak of 8 straight appearances. Rivers begin at their source in higher ground, either rising from a spring, forming from glacial meltwater, flowing from a body of water such as a lake, or simply from damp, boggy places where the soil is waterlogged.

Before Tiller joined the Boilers as the 33rd head coach in 1996, the team had not seen a bowl game since 1984. Waterfalls are sometimes used as sources of energy, via watermills and hydroelectric plants. The Boilermaker football team, once a minor player in the conference, has enjoyed a significant resurgence in recent years under the leadership of head coach Joe Tiller. Rapids are often used for recreational purposes (see Whitewater kayaking). Coach Keady had the honor of being named in The Sporting News as the best college coach never to make the final four. Where a river descends quickly over sloped topography, rapids with whitewater or even waterfalls occur. In his years at Purdue, Keady has led the Boilermakers to more than 500 victories. These types are:.

Coach Keady became Purdue's all-time-winningest coach on December 6, 1997. There are 4 main types of rivers. Men’s former head coach Gene Keady coached his final season with the Boilermakers in the 2004 – 2005 season after 25 years with the Boilermakers. Over time, rivers cut away at their beds, eventually forming a more gradual gradient. The current coach of the Boilermaker men's basketball team is Matt Painter. Rivers whose mouths are in saline tidal waters may form estuaries. The Boilermaker men's and women's basketball teams have won more Big Ten Championships than any other conference school, with 27 conference banners, including a league-leading 21 for the men’s team. Rivers that carry large amounts of sediment develop conspicuous deltas at their mouths.

The Boilermakers battle the Hoosiers on the football field each year to win the Old Oaken Bucket, Purdue leads the series first played in 1925, 66-35-6. Sometimes the river will cut off a loop, shortening the channel and forming an oxbow lake from the cut off section. Traditional rivals include Big Ten colleagues the Indiana Hoosiers and the Illinois Fighting Illini, and the Notre Dame Fighting Irish from the Big East Conference. Where a river flows over relatively flat areas, the river will meander: start to form loops and snake through the plain by eroding the river banks. Purdue is a founding member of the Big Ten Conference, and played a central role in its creation. A river conducts water by constantly flowing perpendicular to the elevation curve of its bed, thereby converting the positional energy of the water into kinetic energy. Purdue is home to 18 Division I/I-A NCAA teams including football, basketball, cross country, tennis, wrestling, golf, volleyball and others. .

Many of the university's other schools have gained repute over the years. The scientific term for any flowing natural waterway is a stream; so in technical language, the term river is just a shorthand way to refer to a large stream. Purdue University's traditional strengths have been in its world-renowned agriculture and engineering programs. Smaller side streams that join a river are tributaries. degrees. Most rainfall on land passes through a river on its way to the ocean. Over the past ten years, Purdue’s School of Aeronautics and Astronautics has awarded more aerospace engineering degrees than any other institution in the country, issuing 6 percent of all undergraduate degrees and 7 percent of all Ph.D. A river's water is normally confined to a channel, made up of a stream bed between banks.

The school adopted its present name in 1973. The mouth, or lower end of a river is known as its base level. The programs were popular among returning veterans in the years following World War II, bringing total undergraduate enrollment to 736 students. From their source, all rivers flow downhill, typically terminating in the ocean. The school initially offered undergraduate degrees in both aeronautical engineering and the new field of air transportation, and issued its first graduate degrees in 1947. The source of a river may be a lake, a spring, or a collection of small streams, known as headwaters. Later, other training programs for the war were introduced that eventually lead to the formation of an independent School of Aeronautics in 1945. A river is a large natural waterway.

As a result of the expansion in technical education prompted by World War II, the aeronautical engineering electives in mechanical engineering were expanded to create a full four-year degree program in 1941 within the newly-rechristened School of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering. Tolkien. Purdue libraries maintain an extensive Earhart collection, which is still studied by those seeking to solve the mystery of her disappearance. R. Earhart began her fateful transoceanic flight from the Purdue University Airport. R. Purdue also played a central role in Earhart's ill-fated "Flying Laboratory" project, providing funds for the Lockheed L-10 Electra aircraft she intended to fly around the world. Rivers of Middle-earth in various works of J.

Famed aviator Amelia Earhart came to Purdue in 1935 and served as a "Counselor on Careers for Women," a staff position she held until her disappearance in 1937. The River in the Riverworld novels of Philip José Farmer. In 1930 Purdue became the first university in the country to offer college credit for flight training, and later became the first to open its own airport. River Djel in the country of Djelibeybi in Terry Pratchett's Discworld series. Although it would be several years before a separate school would be established, Purdue did begin offering technical electives in aeronautical engineering within the School of Mechanical Engineering in 1921. Chocolate river in Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory. He arrived from Dayton, Ohio with a proposal to establish a School of Aviation Engineering at Purdue. River Ankh traversing the city of Ankh-Morpork in Terry Pratchett's Discworld series.

Haskins became the first alumnus to land an aircraft on campus. The Sambation river stops flowing every Saturday. In 1919 George W. The Alph, an underground river imagined by various mystics and mentioned in Coleridge's poem Kubla Khan. Clifford Turpin, from the class of 1908, was the first Purdue graduate to become an aviator, and received flight instruction from Orville Wright himself. In Greek mythology, the Acheron, Cocytus, Phlegethon, Lethe and Styx (the five rivers of Hades); and the Eridanus. J. The River Liffey through Dublin in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake.

The event, sponsored by Purdue alumni, attracted an estimated 17,000 onlookers and enthusiasts, and was the first of many such exhibitions at Purdue. The Mississippi in Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn. In the summer of 1911 the club hosted Aviation Day, the Lafayette community's first aircraft demonstration. The Thames and the Congo in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness. Cicero Veal, professor of mechanical engineering at Purdue, organized the Purdue Aero Club. Jerome's Three Men in a Boat. In 1910, Dr. The Thames in Jerome K.

Since the earliest days of the University, students, faculty, and staff have played major, and often instrumental, roles in the history of aerospace. The Thames in Edward Rutherfurd's London. Although the School of Aeronautics and Astronautics was not formally established until 1945, Purdue and the greater Lafayette community have a long history in the field of aviation. List of river name etymologies. By 1883 enrollment had increased beyond 350, and by the turn of the twentieth century Purdue had begun a period of active expansion: scholarship standards were raised, courses were expanded, and equipment was improved. List of rivers of Oceania. The first female students were admitted to the university in the fall of the same year. List of rivers of the Americas.

Purdue issued its first degree, a Bachelor’s of Science in Chemistry, in 1875. List of rivers of New Zealand. Classes first began at Purdue on September 16, 1874 with three buildings, six instructors, and 39 students. List of rivers of Australia. In 1869, it was decided that the college would be founded near the city of Lafayette and established as Purdue University, in the name of the institution’s principal benefactor. List of rivers of Antarctica. The state of Indiana received a gift of $150,000 from John Purdue, a Lafayette business leader and philanthropist (buried at Purdue), along with $50,000 from Tippecanoe County, and 150 acres (.6 km²) of land from Lafayette residents in support of the project. List of rivers of Africa.

In 1865, the Indiana General Assembly took advantage of this offer, and began plans to establish such an institution. List of rivers of Asia. On July 2nd of 1862, President Lincoln signed the Morrill Act into law, offering public lands to any state that would establish and maintain a college for the purpose of teaching agriculture and mechanics. Rivers of the United Kingdom. The main campus has a consistent enrollment of over 30,000 undergraduate students and of nearly 8,000 graduate students. List of rivers of Europe