Protestantism

In alphabetical order by period. Injured Reserve. 27% of all Christians today are Protestants. Bench. These include 170 million in North America, 160 million in Africa, 120 million in Europe, 70 million in Latin America, 60 million in Asia, and 10 million in Oceania. Starters. There are about 590 million Protestants worldwide. Their season ended in the first round of the playoffs as they lost to their in-state rival, the Dallas Mavericks 4-3 in the Western First Round.

Main article: Protestants by country. McGrady and Yao let their team to their best record in 10 years, finishing the year at 51-31 and seeded 5th in the Western Conference Playoffs. Please note that only general families are listed here (tens of thousands of individual denominations exist):. Then during the offseason the Rockets trio ended as Steve Francis and Cuttino Mobley and other familar teamates were traded to the Orlando Magic, but in return was Tracy McGrady, Juwan Howard, and many others. Most denominations share common beliefs in the major aspects of the Christian faith, while differing in many secondary doctrines. The next 2003-2004 season was totally similar season, with another familiar record of 45-37, but the only difference was that they finally made their 21st Century playoff debut, however they were eliminated in a similar fate as their preceeding teams, being knocked out with a 4-1 record in the first round of the playoffs against the Los Angeles Lakers. Various ecumenical movements have attempted cooperation or reorganization of Protestant churches, according to various models of union, but divisions continue to outpace unions. However the season ended in a familar record of 41-38.

The actual number of distinct denominations is hard to calculate, but has been estimated to be over thirty thousand. The 2002-2003 basketball season was a big clean up and a definite return of a winning team reputation which was lost during the turn of the century and a new "Rockets trio" (Yao Ming, Steve Francis, and Cuttino Mobley). Other denominations are simply regional expressions of the same beliefs found in other places under other names. People conidered him as the "New Hakeem" due to his height and the ability to shoot the ball easily, and his tough blocking defense. Indivi denominations also have formed over very subtle theological differences. But then Yao Ming a tall 7 foot and 6 inches Chinese basketball player from the Shanghai Sharks decided to participate in the NBA draft of 2002, eventually he was picked and was ready for the job. This "invisible unity" is assumed to be imperfectly displayed, visibly: some denominations, are less accepting of others, and the basic orthodoxy of some is questioned by most of the others. The losing season of 2001-2002 brought dishonor and a total loss of faith of the Rockets nationally and locally in Houston.

Protestants often refer to specific Protestant churches and groups as denominations to imply that they are differently named parts of the whole church. The first "Hakeem-less" season in almost 20 years was tied up at a disspointing record at 28-54. Thus, the West was permanently divided into Roman Catholic and Protestant. Then the aged Hakeem Olajuwon was traded to the Toronto Raptors in 2001 which only leaves Steve Francis and Cuttino Mobley as their successors in being the head stars in the team, but the following 2001-2002 season was no success, as their team was moslty made up of young Rookies and bench players which made Steve and Cuttino's job of making the team a winning one more difficult. Today many Anglicans consider themselves to be Reformed Catholics rather than Protestants in the theological sense. The Rockets during the this era were a total blowout, and in return brought loss of national respect they once had, the Rockets however in the year 2000 brought a 45-37, but it still didn't cut them into the playoffs. There has been a strong engagement of Orthodox churches in the ecumenical movement. They got into the playoffs in 1999 with a record of 45-37 on a 7th place seed, but lost to the Los Angeles Lakers in the first round with a series of 4-1, this ended the Rockets winning years as the the years ahead would bring a series of losses and a bad reputation.

There are also ecumenical bodies at regional, national and local levels across the globe. One, but not the only expression of the ecumenical movement has been the move to form united churches, such as the Church of South India, the Church of North India, The United Church of Canada and the Uniting Church in Australia. Then in 1999 brought the fall of the winning team reputation they had, as Charles Barkley was injured and planned to retire after the injury, but the fall also brought some once thought new hope, Scottie Pippen was traded from the Bulls after Micheal Jordans 2nd retirement, and Steve Francis and Cuttino Mobley arrived into the team that year. Since 1948 the World Council of Churches has been influential. They were good, but the Utah Jazz eliminated them from the Western Conference Finals in 1997 and in the Western Conference Semifinals in 1998, dimished any chances of holding an NBA title again. Its origins lay in the recognition of the need for cooperation on the mission field in Africa, Asia and Oceania. Some of the role players like Sam Cassell and Robert Horrywere traded for Charles Barkley from the Phoenix Suns and Matt Maloney drafted into the team in 1996. The ecumenical movement has had an influence on mainline churches, beginning at least in 1910 with the Edinburgh Missionary Conference. The post championship years declined the team as Hakeem Olajuwon was aging.

Neo-evangelicalism is a movement from the middle of the 20th century, that reacted to perceived excesses of Fundamentalism, adding to concern for biblical authority an emphasis on liberal arts, co-operation among churches, Christian Apologetics, and non-denominational evangelization. Like his old friend Olajuwon did the previous year, Drexler experiences the joy of winning an NBA championship at last. Fundamentalism placed primary emphasis on the authority and sufficiency of the Bible, and typically advised separation from error, and cultural conservatism, as important aspects of the Christian life. However, Houston comes back to win the last three games of the series, and then gets past the Spurs to reach the Finals, where they are matched up with the Orlando Magic. With Shaquille O'Neal and Penny Hardaway, the Magic is expected to win the championship, but Houston sweeps the series in four straight games. In reaction to liberal Bible critique, Fundamentalism arose in the 20th century, primarily in the United States and Canada, among those denominations most affected by Evangelicalism. In fact, the Suns lead the second-round series 3 games to 1 (just as they did in the same round the year before). A later "charismatic" movement also stressed the gifts of the Spirit, but often operated within existing denominations rather than coming out of them. They are not expected to defeat the Utah Jazz in the first round, the Phoenix Suns in the second round, or the San Antonio Spurs in the conference finals.

Pentecostalism swept through much of the Holiness movement, and eventually spawned hundreds of new denominations in the United States. Houston struggles in the regular season, and they enter the playoffs as a sixth seed in the Western Conference. Divine healing and miracles were also emphasized. In a midseason trade with Portland, the Rockets obtain star guard Clyde Drexler, who had played alongside Olajuwon at the University of Houston. Seeking a return to the operation of New Testament gifts of the Holy Spirit, speaking in tongues as evidence of the "baptism of the Holy Ghost" became the leading feature. After being down 3 games to 2 in the NBA Finals, the Rockets win the last two games on their home court, thanks to the misfortunes of New York's best shooter: Knicks guard John Starks misses what would have been a series-winning 3-pointer at the buzzer in Game 6 after the shot was blocked by Olajuwon, and he shoots a cold 2-for-18 from the field in Game 7, missing all six of his 3-point shot attempts. Pentecostalism as a movement began in the United States early in the 20th century, starting especially within the Holiness movement. With Hakeem Olajuwon as their center, the Rockets defeat the New York Knicks in seven games.

The chief emphases of this movement were individual conversion, personal piety and Bible study, public morality often including Temperance and family values, and Abolitionism, de-emphasis of formalism in worship and in doctrine, a broadened role for laity (including women) in worship, evangelism and teaching, and cooperation in evangelism across denominational lines. The Celtics defeated the Rockets again in the 1986 NBA Finals. Beginning at the end of 18th century, several international revivals of Pietism (such as the Great Awakening), took place across denominational lines, which are referred to generally as the Evangelical movement. Unfortunately, the Celtics with Larry Bird, Robert Parish, Cedric Maxwell, and Kevin McHale were too strong. The practice of a spiritual life, typically combined with social engagement, predominates in classical Pietism, which was a protest against the doctrine-centeredness Protestant Orthodoxy of the times, in favor of depth of religious experience. Many of the more conservative Methodists went on to form the Holiness movement, which emphasized a rigorous experience of holiness. The championship series with Boston was fought to six games. The German Pietist movement together with the influence of the Puritan Reformation in England in the 17th century were importantinfluences on John Wesley and Methodism, as well as through smaller, new groups such as the Quakers. The Houston Rockets finally made it to finals, the first time a team from Houston played for a championship in basketball, football, or baseball.

Later, Puritans were often referred to as Dissenters and Nonconformists. The Kings, led by Otis Birdsong, Scott Wedman, and Phil Ford fell to the Rockets in five games. They refused to endorse completely all of the ritual directions and formulas of the Book of Common Prayer; the imposition of its liturgical order by legal force and inspection sharpened Puritanism into a definite opposition movement. This set up an unlikely conference finals matchup with Kansas City. The Puritans objected to ornaments and ritual in the churches as idolatrous (vestments, surplices, organs, genuflection), which they castigated as "popish pomp and rags." (See Vestments controversy.) They also objected to ecclesiastical courts. The Rockets upset Los Angeles, two games to one, then got past the Spurs and George Gervin, four games to three, in the western conference semifinals. They wanted the Church of England to resemble more closely the Protestant churches of Europe, especially Geneva. Houston playoff run began by drawing the defending NBA-champion Lakers and Magic Johnson in the first round.

The Puritan Movement of the late 16th century - early 18th century was Reformed or Calvinist and initially sought reform in the Church of England, its origins lay in the discontent with the Elizabethan Religious Settlement. Houston tied with Kansas City for second place in the Midwest behind San Antonio with regular season at 40-42. See articles Puritan and English Civil War. Other members of the 80-81 team were Rudy Tomjanovich, Robert Reid, Mike Dunleavy, Sr., Allen Leavell, Billy Paultz, Bill Willoughby, Calvin Garrett, Tom Henderson, and Major Jones. Some of these movements have a common lineage, sometimes directly spawning later movements in the same groups. Murphy, the shortest player in the league, sets two NBA records, sinking 78 consecutive free throws to break Rick Barry's mark of 60 set in 1976 achieving a free-throw percentage of .958 breaking Rick Barry's record set with the Rockets in 1979. Protestants can be differentiated according to how they have been influenced by important movements since the magisterial Reformation and the Puritan Reformation in England. Malone carries the Rockets to NBA finals.

See the articles Lay, Ordained and Priesthood of all believers. The arrival of a third NBA team in Texas, the Dallas Mavericks, caused a reshuffling in 1980-81 that sent Houston to the Midwest Division of the Western Conference, which also included San Antonio, Kansas City, Denver, Utah, and Dallas. Thus, controversies over the Lord's Supper only initially seem to be about the nature of bread and wine, but are ultimately about the nature of salvation, and therefore secondarily about the nature of the Church. After beating the Spurs, two games to one, in the first-round playoff series, they were swept by the Boston Celtics in the Eastern Conference Semifinals. In Christian theology, as the bread shares identity with Christ (which he calls, "my body"), in an analogous way the Church shares identity with him (and also is called "the Body of Christ"). The Rockets finished the year at 41-41, tying the San Antonio Spurs for second place in the Central Division. Although early Protestants were in general agreement against the Roman Catholic dogma of transubstantiation, which teaches that the substance of the bread and wine used in the sacrificial rite of the Mass is transformed into the Body, Blood, Soul, and Divinity of Christ (see Eucharist), they disagreed with one another concerning the manner in which Christ is present in Holy Communion. Del Harris replaced Nissalke at the helm for the 1979-80 campaign.

See articles Real Presence and Lord's Supper. The Rockets went 47-35 in 1978-79, Nissalke's last season as coach, finshing second in the Central Division losing two straight to Atlanta in a best-of-three first-round series. One of the central points of divergence was controversy over the Lord's Supper. He would play one more year for the Rockets before retiring in 1980. On the theological front, the Protestant movement soon began to coalesce into several distinct branches. He did set a new NBA record, however, by posting a .947 free-throw percentage for the season. Naturally, it proved easier to advocate separation from the Catholic Church, than to form a single, positively united alternative. The future Hall of Famer, now in the twilight of his career, averaged a modest 13.5 points.

These were effectively a rallying cry to challenge the problems the Reformers believed they had identified, they are:. Rick Barry also joined the team that year as a free agent, with the Rockets sending John Lucas to Golden State Warriors as compensation. The fifth, Soli deo gloria, points to the issue intended to be central in the other four. Malone, Murphy, and Tomjanovich (who had returned to average 19.0 points) all played in the 1979 NBA All-Star Game. There were five solas, four discussed here. Malone, not exceptionally big or quick, used subtle moves, perfect positioning, and bulldog determination to become a superb center. Main article: five solas. Malone receives the league's MVP Award.

The Reformers believed it was necessary to return to the simplicity of the Gospel in terms of these points of perceived difference. Tomjanovich, displaying the "heart of a champion", spent the next five months in rehab returning to play as an NBA all-star. At the time of the Reformation four Latin slogans illustrate the Reformers' concern that the authorities of the Church had distorted the message of salvation in Jesus Christ. That shocking scene became the defining moment of not only the Rockets' 1977-78 season (a conference finals team the previous year, collapsed into last place with a 28-54 record) but also of two basketball players' professional careers.
. The powerful blow landed squarely on the face of a running Tomjanovich, causing massive jaw, eye, and cheek injuries; Tomjanovich's skull was also fractured when his head hit the floor. Main article: Protestant Reformation#England: Political Reformation. As Tomjanovich ran over to the two, Washington turned and blindly swung his fist.

The separation of the Church of England from Rome under Henry VIII, beginning in 1529 and completed in 1536, brought England alongside the Reformation; however, change in England proceeded more conservatively than elsewhere in Europe and alternated between traditional and Protestant sympathies for centuries, progressively forging a stable compromise. In a December 9 game against the Los Angeles Lakers, Kunnert got into a fight with the Lakers' Kermit Washington. After this first stage of the Reformation, following the excommunication of Luther and condemnation of the Reformation by the Pope, the work and writings of John Calvin were influential in establishing a loose consensus among various groups in Switzerland, Scotland, Hungary, Germany and elsewhere. The Rockets' hopes ended against the Philadelphia 76ers in the Eastern Conference Finals on a controversial charging call against Lucas in the final moments of Game 6. Erasmus), sometimes breaking from Rome or from the Protestants, or forming outside of the churches. Malone, then a novice 21-year old, outbattled Wes Unseld and Hayes to help the Rockets to a playoff victory in six games against the Washington Bullets. Other Protestant movements grew up along lines of mysticism or humanism (cf. The Rockets, now led by Tomjanovich, Murphy, Newlin, Malone, Kevin Kunnert, and rookie guard John Lucas, took the Central Division title.

Some followers of Zwingli believed that the Reformation was too conservative, and moved independently toward more radical positions, some of which survive among modern day Anabaptists. At the insistence of new coach Tom Nissalke, a trade was completed with the Buffalo Braves to acquire Moses Malone, who as a high school star made the unprecedented decision of bypassing college basketball to sign on as a professional with the Utah Stars of the ABA in 1974. These two movements quickly agreed on most issues, as the recently introduced printing press spread ideas rapidly from place to place, but some unresolved differences kept them separate. The rockets defeated the New York Knicks (with Walt Frazier, Earl Monroe, Bill Bradley, and Jerry Lucas) in the first round and advanced to the Eastern Conference Semifinals before losing to the Boston Celtics. Parallel to events in Germany, a movement began in Switzerland under the leadership of Huldrych Zwingli. With Coach John Egan's guidance and Tomjanovich, Murphy, and Mike Newlin leading the way, the Rockets made their first appearance in the playoffs since arriving in Houston. (Tradition holds that he nailed his 95 theses to the door of the Wittenberg Castle's Church, which served as a pinboard for university-related announcements.) Luther's dissent marked a sudden outbreak with new and irresistible force of discontent which had been pushed underground but not resolved; the quick spread of discontent occurred to a large degree because of the printing press and the resulting swift movement of both ideas and documents (such as the 95 Theses). The lack of winning did little to capture the city's attention.

The protest began in earnest when Martin Luther, an Augustinian monk and professor at the University of Wittenberg, called in 1517 for reopening of debate on the sale of indulgences. After trading Hayes to the Baltimore Bullets for Jack Marin, the Rockets went into a rebuilding mode for the next two seasons. To some degree, the protest can be explained by the events of the previous two centuries in Western Europe. Despite this, the team played well, acquiring two promising young players in Calvin Murphy and Rudy Tomjanovich. The protest erupted suddenly, in many places at once but particularly in Germany, during a time of threatened Islamic invasion¹ which distracted German princes in particular. A local legend has it that some days the local churches in Waco drew more people than the Rockets. Protestants generally trace their separation from the Roman Catholic Church to the 16th century, which is sometimes called the magisterial Reformation because the movement received support from the magistrates, the ruling authorities (as opposed to the radical Reformation, which had no state sponsorship). The Rockets began playing at the Astrodome and AstroHall, both in Houston, the HemisFair Arena, in San Antonio, the Hofheinz Pavilion, on the University of Houston campus, and at Waco. However, fan support was also scarce in the football-dominated city, and the Rockets averaged less than 5000 fans per game the first season.

The council could not prevent schism and the Hussite Wars in Bohemia. In 1971, real estate broker Wayne Duddleston and banker Billy Goldberg bought the franchise for $5.6 million and relocated the team from San Diego, where there was a lack of fan support, to Houston, Texas, the home town of Hayes. Constance confirmed and strengthened the traditional medieval conception of church and empire, it did not address the national tensions, nor the theological tensions which had been stirred up during the previous century. Hayes led the team to the franchise's first ever playoff appearance in 1969. The Roman Catholic Church officially concluded this debate at the Council of Constance (1414-1418) The conclave condemned Jan Hus who was executed (he had come under a promise of safe-conduct) and posthumously burned Wyclif as a heretic. The Rockets won the coin toss versus the Baltimore Bullets, earning them the number one pick in the NBA Draft, selecting Elvin "the Big E" Hayes from the University of Houston. One of the most disruptive and radical of the new perspectives came first from John Wyclif at Oxford University, then from Jan Hus at the University of Prague. They selected Pat Riley with their first draft pick in 1967, and proceeded to a then-NBA record 67-loss season.

Ongoing, earnest theoretical debates occurred in the universities about the nature of the church, and the source and extent of the authority of the papacy, of councils, and of princes. The San Diego Rockets entered the NBA in 1967 as an expansion team in the same year the Seattle SuperSonics entered. The humanism of the Renaissance stimulated unprecedented academic ferment, and a concern for academic freedom. The Toyota Center was eventually built after the team pressured the city for a new arena. A new nationalism also challenged the relatively internationalist medieval world. The team's former home was the Compaq Center, originally called The Summit. Unrest in the Western Church and Empire culminated in the Avignon Papacy (1308 - 1378), and the papal schism (1378-1416), excited wars between princes, uprisings among the peasants, and widespread concern over corruption in the monastic system. The Houston Rockets are a National Basketball Association team based in Houston, Texas.

See articles on John Wyclif, Jan Hus and the Renaissance. 45 Rudy Tomjanovich. For the 14th to 16th centuries see the main article Protestant Reformation. 34 Hakeem Olajuwon. The Protestant movement away from the constraints of tradition, toward greater emphasis on individual conscience, anticipated later developments of democratization, and the so-called Enlightenment of later centuries. 24 Moses Malone. Nascent Protestant social ideals of liberty of conscience and individual freedom were formed through continuous confrontation with the authority of the Bishop of Rome, and the hierarchy of the Catholic priesthood. 23 Calvin Murphy.

The new technology of the printing press allowed Protestant ideas to spread rapidly, as well as aiding in the dissemination of translations of the Bible in native tongues. 22 Clyde Drexler. As an intellectual movement, Protestantism grew out of the Renaissance and universities, attracting some learned intellectuals, as well as politicians, professionals, and skilled tradesmen and artisans. Bill Willoughby. In German speaking areas, the word Protestant still refers to Lutheran churches in contrast to Reformed churches, while the common designation for all churches originating from the Reformation is Evangelical. Walt Williams. Some Western, non-Catholic, groups are labeled as Protestant (such as Quakers, for example), even if the sect acknowledges no historical connection to Luther, Calvin or the Roman Catholic Church. Jimmy Walker.

A third major branch of the Reformation, which encountered conflict with both Catholics and other Protestants, is sometimes called the Radical Reformation. Otis Thorpe. Later, John Calvin, a important theologian of the Reformed churches, many of which had early connections to the Swiss reform movement started by Zwingli, figures prominently in the broadening of the movement, embracing a wider diversity than the Lutherans did. Kenny Smith. In a broader sense of the word, Protestant began to be used as the collective name for a sudden movement of separation from the Roman Catholic Church, the beginning of which which is ordinarily connected with the public disputes raised by Martin Luther. Purvis Short. The 1526 session of the Diet had agreed to toleration of Lutheran teachings (on the basis of Cuius regio, eius religio) until a General Council could be held to settle the question, but by 1529 the Catholic forces felt they had gathered enough power to end the toleration without waiting for a Council. Ralph Sampson.

The 1521 edict forbade Lutheran teachings within the Holy Roman Empire. Glen Rice. The term Protestant originally applied to the group of princes and imperial cities who protested the decision by the 1529 Diet of Speyer to reverse course and enforce the 1521 Edict of Worms. Robert Reid. It is commonly considered one of the three major branches of Christianity, along with Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. Brent Price. The term encompasses many different theological and social perspectives, churches and other religious organizations, which have arisen outside of the Roman Catholic Church since the Protestant Reformation. Scottie Pippen.

Protestantism is a movement within Christianity. Moochie Norris. Desmond Tutu, Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town, South Africa, peace activist. Mike Newlin. Ian Paisley, Protestant leader Ulster, Northern Ireland. Cuttino Mobley. Pat Robertson, American charismatic/fundamentalist leader. Rodney McCray.

Jurgen Moltmann, German theologian. Vernon Maxwell. Stanley Hauerwas, American Christian theologian and ethicist. Matt Maloney. Franklin Graham, American evangelist (son of Billy Graham). Sam Mack. Billy Graham, American evangelist. John Lucas.

Jerry Falwell, American evangelist and political activist. Lewis Lloyd. Cobb, theologian, involved in Process Theology. Allen Leavell. John B. Kevin Kunnert. Paul Tillich, Lutheran existentialist theologian. Don Kojis.

Auguste Sabatier Article in French (http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Auguste_Sabatier), Protestant founder of the French fideo-symbolist tendency and of the Institut de Théologie Protestante ITP), in Paris (1872). Toby Kimball. Reinhold Niebuhr, American theologion and ethicist. Buck Johnson. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German theologian, involved in the resistance against Nazism and executed shortly before the end of World War 2. Robert Horry. Karl Barth, German theologian along with Emil Brunner known for Dialectical theology and Neo-orthodox theology. Carl Herrera.

George Whitefield, Great Awakening reformist preacher, Calvinist. Steve Harris. John Wesley, founder of the Methodist movement, Arminian. Othella Harrington. Charles Wesley, a Methodist leader, poet, & hymn writer. Eddie Griffin. Andre Lortie aka Andrew Lortie, leading Huguenot theologian and exile. Dave Gambee.

George Fox, Founder of the Society of Friends. Steve Francis. Jonathan Edwards, great American Puritan theologian, Great Awakening reformist preacher, Calvinist. Eric Floyd. Jacob Amman, founder of the Amish church. Mario Elie. Huldrych Zwingli, early Swiss religious reformer. Pete Chilcutt.

Philipp Jakob Spener, "godfather" of the Pietist movement. Kelvin Cato. Menno Simons, founder of Mennonitism. Sam Cassell. Philipp Melanchthon, early Lutheran leader. Matt Bullard. Martin Luther, German religious reformer, theologian, founder of the Lutheran church in Germany, founder of Lutheranism. Chucky Brown.

William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury under Charles I of England. Scott Brooks. John Knox, Scottish Calvinist reformer,. Rick Barry. Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury under Henry VIII, leader of the English Reformation. Charles Barkley. John Calvin, French speaking Reformer, theologian, founder of school of thought known as Calvinism. PG - #17 Charlie Ward (Florida State).

Jacobus Arminius, Dutch theologian, founder of school of thought known as Arminianism. F - #5 Juwan Howard (Michigan). African Independent Churches. SG - #7 David Wesley (Baylor). Restoration movement. F - #30 Clarence Weatherspoon (Southern Miss). Quakerism. PG - #23 Moochie Norris (West Florida).

Reformed churches including Calvinist, Reformed and Presbyterian. C - #55 Dikembe Mutombo (Georgetown). Pentecostal. PG - #13 Mike James (Duquesne). Methodist / Wesleyan. SG - #20 Jon Barry (Georgia Tech). Lutheran. F/C - #42 Vin Baker (Hartford).

Anabaptist and Baptist. C - #11 Yao Ming (姚明) (China). Anglican / Episcopalian. SF - #40 Ryan Bowen (Iowa). See main article Christian ecumenism. PF - #35 Scott Padgett (Kentucky). See main article Neo-evangelicalism. PG - #3 Bob Sura (Florida State).

See main article Fundamentalism. Zion Christian Academy, Rocky Mount, North Carolina). See main article Pentecostalism. SG - #1 Tracy McGrady (Mt. See main article Evangelicalism. Clyde Drexler. See main articles Pietism and Methodism. Calvin Murphy.

Radical - Anabaptist and peace churches. Moses Malone. Reformed. Elvin Hayes. Lutheran - The two kingdoms. A Protestant holding a popular simplifiction of the Zwinglian view, without concern for theological intricacies as hinted at above, may see the Lord's Supper merely as a symbol of the shared faith of the participants, a commemoration of the facts of the crucifixion, and a reminder of their standing together as the Body of Christ.

Zwinglians deny that Christ makes himself present to the believer through the elements of the sacrament, but affirm that Christ is united to the believer through the faith toward which the supper is an aid (a view referred to somewhat derisively as memorialism). The Reformed closest to Calvin emphasize the real presence, or sacramental presence, of Christ, saying that the sacrament is a means of saving grace through which the believer actually partakes of Christ, "but not in a carnal manner". Reformed teaching concerning the Lord's Supper ranges along the continuum from Calvin to Zwingli. Lutheran teaching does, however, insist that Christ is present physically, rather than in a purely "spiritual" sense.

Lutherans hold to an understanding closest to that of Real Presence (often characterized by critics by the term, "consubstantiation"), which affirms the true presence of Christ "in, with, and under" the bread and wine. Lutherans point to Jesus' statement, "This is my body", while refusing to delve past Christ's words in order to describe just how this takes place. Sola gratia: Grace alone. Sola fide: Faith alone. Sola scriptura: Scripture alone.

Solus Christus: Christ alone. Anabaptists and the Radical Reformation with an emphasis on Millenarianism. John Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli. Martin Luther.