Pepsi-Cola

Spears was eventually replaced by Beyonce Knowles, but ironically Spears would rejoin Pepsi's ad campaign again in a gladiator-spoof commercial in 2003, alongside Knowles, P!nk and Enrique Iglesias. Formula D is seen on G4TV. In 1999, Britney Spears became the new spokesperson for the chain, but was dropped 3 years later when she was spied drinking its rival Coca-Cola in public. Rhys Millen drifts a Pontiac GTO in the Formula D series. Pepsi promptly dropped her, although she kept her 5 million dollar fee for the ads. Restoration giant Year One (which supplied parts for the film 2 Fast 2 Furious) built five vehicles for the film. A year later Pepsi's attempts to make Madonna a new Pepsi spokesperson ended with the infamous "Like a Prayer" incident when Madonna's video brought charges of anti-Catholicism to the company. A jet-black 1969 GTO was seen in The Punisher.

Bowie was accused of sexual assault shortly afterwards and the company dropped the adverts immediately. A white 1967 GTO was driven by Johnny in The Night of the Living Dead. The company also agreed to sponsor Bowie's 1987 Glass Spider World Tour. In the 2005 movies Stealth and Herbie: Fully Loaded, a new model GTO can be seen. In 1987, David Bowie and Tina Turner joined forces to advertise the soft drink, in an advert featuring a reworking of Bowie's hit Modern Love. A GTO can also been seen in Be Cool, Wayne's World, and The Hollywood Knights. Although he continued to be associated with the drink, the company dropped him in 1993 after charges of child molestation were brought forward. The GTO makes a brief appearance in the film The Lost World: Jurassic Park as the car Ian Malcolm drives through San Diego while being chased by a Tyrannosaurus Rex.

However, when filming a second advert in 1984, a pyrotechnics stunt went wrong and badly burnt Jackson. The made-for-television movie The Last Ride shown on the USA Network shows two generations: A 1969 GTO Judge and the new 2004 model. The first international popstar to become a spokesperson for the drink was Michael Jackson, who along with his brothers (The Jackson 5) advertised Pepsi for "the new generation" in an advert featuring a reworking of his song Billie Jean. Some GTOs were seen movies such as xXx starring Vin Diesel. Pepsi has had a notorious association with popstars promoting the product over the last 25 years. Various toy versions of the Monkeemobile were marketed. By July 2005, Coca-Cola enjoyed a market share of 19.4 percent, followed by Pepsi with 13 percent.[14]. The Monkeemobile, featured on the television show The Monkees (1966-1968) in promotional materials, appearances and commercials related to that band, was a customized Pontiac GTO.

Thus Coke rapidly captured a significant market share away from Pepsi that might otherwise have needed years to build up. Featuring more aggressive body work, the car may be a four-door coupe with pillarless rear-hinged doors like the Mazda RX-8 and the Saturn ION coupe. When the Soviet Union fell apart, Pepsi was associated with the old Soviet system, and Coca Cola, just newly introduced to the Russian market in 1992, was associated with the new system. An entirely new GTO on a new platform (Zeta, shared also with a new Holden Commodore) should appear in or around 2008. Pepsi had made a deal with the Soviet Union for scale production of Pepsi in 1974. Other minor additions are smoked rear taillights, an unlock button added to the center console, illuminated steering wheel controls and increased motor speeds for seat movement. However, Pepsi's dominance in Russia was undercut as the Cold War ended. For the 2006 model year, the line gained two new colors, Spice Red and Brazen Orange.

In Russia, Pepsi once had a larger market share than Coca-Cola. Production of this version of the GTO is scheduled to end after the 2006 model year. (regarded as an indicator of consumer preference), with Coca-Cola's dominance in exclusive restaurant, movie theater, amusement park, college, and stadium deals giving Coke the overall sales advantage.^{[citation needed]} In the U.S., Pepsi's total market share was about 31.7 percent in 2004, while Coke's was about 43.1 percent.[13]. A special version of this vehicle is used for drift racing. In the United States, Pepsi outsells Coke in central Appalachia, the state of North Dakota, the region in and around the state of Utah, and the city of Buffalo (by a 2-1 margin), all in the United States.^{[citation needed]} More importantly, Pepsi outsells its rival in grocery and convenience stores in the U.S. This increases power and torque in the GTO to 400 hp (298 kW) and 395 lbf·ft (542 N·m). The term is now used as a historical reference to French-English linguistic animosity (During the partitionist debate surrounding the 1995 referendum, a pundit wrote "And a wall will be erected along St-Laurent street [the traditional divide between French and English in Montréal] because some people were throwing Coke bottle one way and Pepsi bottles the other way"). The 2005 model year continued the optional hood scoops, split rear exhaust, optional 18" rims and offered a new engine, the LS2 engine.

"Pepsi" eventually became an offensive nickname for Francophones viewed as a lower class by Anglophones in the middle of the 20th century. Only 800 of these were made. Pepsi had long been the drink of Canadian Francophones and it continues to hold its dominance by relying on local Québécois celebrities (especially Claude Meunier, of La Petite Vie fame) to sell its product. It gave you the Pulse Red paint and exclusive red embroidery on the seats. Other claim that: 1) Due to rumors of the use of cocaine, Coke was banned for a long time in India and 2) Recently that ban was lifted, however, Pepsi had maintained a commanding market share.^{[citation needed]}. There was a Pulse Red package, available only in 2004. [9] In 1993, Coca-Cola returned in pursuance of India's Liberalization policy.[10] In 2005, Coca-Cola and Pepsi together held 95% market share of soft-drink sales in India.[11] Coca-Cola India's market share was 60.9%.[12]. The optional hood scoops slated for the 2005 model year were rushed into production in an effort to increase the sportiness of the car's image.

This joint venture marketed and sold Lehar Pepsi until 1991 when the use of foreign brands was allowed; Pepsi bought out its partners and ended the joint venture in 1994. Sales of the 2004 GTO were below expectations, forcing the brand to cut production to just 12,000 per year. In 1988, Pepsi gained entry to India by creating a joint venture with the Punjab government-owned Punjab Agro Industrial Corporation (PAIC) and Voltas India Limited. The same model is sold in the United Kingdom as a Vauxhall. By most accounts, Coca-Cola was India's leading soft drink until 1977 when it left India after a new government ordered the company to turn over its secret formula for Coca-Cola and dilute its stake in its Indian unit as required by the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA). The GTO is produced in Australia, and is equipped with the Chevrolet Corvette's LS1 V8 engine with a choice of a 6-speed manual transmission or a 4-speed automatic. Saudi Arabia and the Canadian provinces of Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador, Quebec are some of the few exceptions. The revival was prompted by former GM chairman Bob Lutz, who drove a Holden Monaro while on a business trip in Australia.

Coke still outsells Pepsi in almost all areas of the world. The fact that the new GTO is based on an entirely different vehicle (the "Old Goat" being a down and dirty muscle car and the Holden Monaro being an Australian sports car) has provoked much criticism from muscle car enthusiasts, stating that redesigning the GTO from the ground up would be more nostalgic and would possibly bring better sales for the car. Local residents have been pressuring the government to close down the Pepsi unit in the village. The Pontiac GTO was relaunched in the United States in late 2003, based on the Holden Monaro's Omega derived platform. Pepsi has also been alleged to practice "water piracy" due to its role in exploitation of ground water resources resulting in scarcity of drinking water for the natives of Pudussery panchayat in the Palakkad distict in Kerala, India. The Pontiac GTO nameplate was revived for the 2004 model year, now as a American-market version of the Australian-built Holden Monaro. As of 2005, Coke and Pepsi together hold 95% market share of soft-drink sales in India.[8]. This concept never made it into production.

Both companies continue to maintain that their products meet all international safety standards without yet implementing the Supreme Court ruling.^{[citation needed]}. Unfortunately, it was only a design experiment and had no engine. On December 7, 2004, India's Supreme Court ruled that both Pepsi and competitor Coca-Cola must label all cans and bottles of the respective soft drinks with a consumer warning after tests showed unacceptable levels of residual pesticides.[7]. During the 1999 Detroit Auto Show, about 25 years after the final GTO rolled off the assembly line, a GTO concept car with a heritage-inspired, Coke-bottle shape, grille, and hood scoop, was introduced to the world. Coke and PepsiCo opposed the move, arguing that lab tests aren't reliable enough to detect minute traces of pesticides in complex drinks like soda. Ironically, fans of the original GTO considered the appropriation of a famous muscle car by a Japanese automaker to be sacrilegious, much as sports car fans of the 1960s had been infuriated by Pontiac borrowing the name of the Ferrari racer. But an Indian parliamentary committee in 2004 backed up CSE's findings and a government-appointed committee is now trying to develop the world's first pesticide standards for soft drinks. Japanese automaker Mitsubishi marketed a Mitsubishi GTO coupe, although it was sold in US and Canada as the Mitsubishi 3000GT to avoid legal conflicts with Pontiac.

Coca Cola and PepsiCo angrily denied allegations that their products manufactured in India contained toxin levels far above the norms permitted in the developed world. The revived 442, introduced for the 1990 model year, proved to be a flop, leading Pontiac to quietly cancel the GTO revival. In response to the news, numerous Indians burned bottles of these two brands of soft drinks in the streets.^{[citation needed]}. In 1988, when Oldsmobile planned to create a 442 based on the Cutlass Calais, Pontiac built a prototype GTO based on the Grand Am, equipped with a Quad 4 engine. No law bans the presence of pesticides in drinks in India. During the subsequent 30 years, Pontiac considered several plans to revive the GTO nameplate, but none came to fruition. However, this was the European standard for water, not for other drinks. However, division officials turned down the idea of an intermediate-sized '76 GTO, but the concept was considered and approved for production, not as a GTO revival, but as the '77 Pontiac Can Am.

CSE said it had tested the same products in the US and found no such residues. In 1976, Jim Wangers reportedly presented a LeMans Sport Coupe as a new GTO Judge prototype with a 400 cubic-inch V8 that was painted Carousel Red (a '69 Judge color) to Pontiac division officials as a possible GTO revival to supplement dramatic sales increases for the Firebird Trans Am (now accounting for 50 percent of Firebird sales) for those buyers who wanted a sporty performance car but needed a roomier back seat and larger trunk. CSE found that the Indian produced Pepsi's soft drink products had 36 times the level of pesticide residues permitted under European Union regulations; Coca Cola's 30 times^[6]. This dealer-made '75 GTO could be ordered with any LeMans exterior/interior combination along with any other extra-cost options available on the regular LeMans. Tested products included Coke, Pepsi, Seven Up, Mirinda, Fanta, Thums Up, Limca, Sprite. These cars were factory-ordered by the dealer as LeMans Sport Coupes equipped with the 400 or 455 cubic-inch V8s with four-barrel carburetors, Turbo Hydra-Matic transmissions, Strato bucket seats and console, power steering, power disc brakes, Rally II or Honeycomb wheels, and Radial Tuned Suspension with whitewall or white-lettered radial tires - and the replacement of Pontiac and LeMans nameplates with "GTO" badges inside and out. In 2003, the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), a non-governmental organisation in New Dehli, said aerated waters produced by soft drinks manufacturers in India, including multinational giants Pepsico and Coca-Cola, contained toxins including lindane, DDT, malathion and chlorpyrifos — pesticides that can contribute to cancer, a breakdown of the immune system and cause birth defects. Sensing that the 1974 GTO should have continued on the intermediate LeMans platform rather than downsized to the Ventura line, this dealer advertised and sold an undetermined number of 1975 Pontiac GTOs.

These controversies are a reminder of "India's sometimes acrimonious relationship with huge multinational companies." Indeed, some argue that Coke and Pepsi have "been major targets in part because they are well-known foreign companies that draw plenty of attention." [5]. reportedly decided to "create" a new GTO. Others claim 1) Pepsi was banned from import in India in 1970 for having refused to release the list of its ingredients^{[citation needed]} 2) In 1993, the ban was lifted, with Pepsi arriving on the market shortly afterwards.^{[citation needed]}. In 1975, an enterprising Pontiac dealer in the eastern U.S. [4]. If the downsized, Ventura-based GTO did not entirely escape the ignominy of becoming a cosmetic decal package (or in other words, rebadging) that also afflicted the Plymouth Road Runner (first based on the 2-door Plymouth Fury in 1975, and, before its demise, on the Plymouth Volare) and Oldsmobile 442, Pontiac mercifully ended the series after 1974. This joint venture marketed and sold Lehar Pepsi until 1991 when the use of foreign brands was allowed; Pepsi bought out its partners and ended the joint venture in 1994. However, in the end the GTO was discontinued following a corporate decision to switch V8 engines from Pontiac units to Buick powerplants on the '75 Ventura line though Pontiac V8s were continued in all other division models.

By most accounts, Pepsi gained entry to India in 1988 by creating a joint venture with the Punjab government-owned Punjab Agro Industrial Corporation (PAIC) and Voltas India Limited. The Ventura and other GM compacts underwent substantial styling and engineering changes, the latter including front and rear suspensions similar to the sporty Firebird/Camaro. This is particularly exacerbated when a drink is sipped at frequent intervals throughout the day. Pontiac had planned to offer a 1975 GTO, again based on the compact Ventura and powered by a Pontiac-built 350 cubic-inch V8. In addition, both 'diet' and non-diet variants are highly acidic, which is a cause of degradation of tooth enamel, making decay due to subsequent sugar intake more likely. Motorbooks International (with their Pontiac GTO source book) referred to the 1974 GTO as a "Chevrolet Nova in drag". Sugar is also a leading contributor to tooth decay. Sales were an improvement over 1973, at 7,058, but not enough to justify continuing the model.

An excessive intake of sugar has been suspected as a contributing factor in certain kinds of diabetes. Cars magazine tested a 1974 GTO with the optional four-speed and obtained a 0-60 mph time of 7.7 seconds and a quarter mile reading of 15.72 seconds @ 88 mph (142 km/h). Pepsi and other similar products contain a lot of sugar. It was rated at 200 hp (149 kW) @ 4400 RPM and 295 lb·ft (400 N·m) @ 2800 RPM. See phosphoric acid in food. The only engine was the 350 in³ V8 with 7.6:1 compression and a single four-barrel carburetor. Some nutritionists assert that the phosphoric acid component of Pepsi-Cola, and other similar soft drinks, may be deleterious to bone health in both men and women, with some studies finding the effects to be more notably pronounced in female subjects. The $195 GTO package included a floor shifter, heavy-duty suspension with front and rear anti-roll bars, a shaker hood, special grille, mirrors, and wheels, and various GTO emblems.

It is Pepsi with a tropical taste of tamarind and mango. Seeing that the Euro-style Grand Am coupe and sedan now led the intermediate lineup combined with increasing sales of compact musclecars with smaller engines such as the Plymouth Duster 360, Ford Maverick Grabber and AMC Hornet X, Pontiac division officials decided to move the GTO option to the compact Pontiac Ventura, which shared its basic body shell and sheetmetal with the Chevrolet Nova. Another type is Pepsi Samba which was released in Australia in the 3rd Quarter of 2005. However, the GTO wasn't part of the program as it was dropped from the intermediate lineup it had been based on since its 1964 introduction. It is similar to other energy drinks such as Red Bull. For 1974, Pontiac's intermediate sized cars received minor styling revisions including a more square off rear section with vertical taillights and a new federally-regulated 5 MPH bumper) that was a great improvement over the '73 model whose styling was likened to that of sportscaster Howard Cosell (see the 1973 heading for the Cosell comparison). Pepsi X is another variation which contains more caffeine than regular Pepsi-Cola and in addition also contains taurine and guaranine. Most enthusiasts and Pontiac executives of the period typically agree that 1973 was the worst year for the GTO.

Pepsi Twist has been successfully marketed in Brazil (with lime instead of lemon), where a limited-edition version is also sold, the Pepsi Twistão, with an even stronger lime flavor. By the end of the model year an emerging energy crisis would dealt a death blow to consumer interest in muscle cars. Pepsi A-ha, with a lemon flavour was launched in India in 2002 but was not successful either. Sales dropped to 4,806, thanks in part to competition from the new LeMans-based Euro-style luxury sport sedan and coupe - the Grand Am, and lack of promotion for this year's GTO. PepsiCo also rivaled Coca-Cola's lemon-flavored products with Pepsi Twist, which was a commercial failure due to criticism of the taste. Nevertheless, the Super Duty was never actually offered for public sale in the GTO. Many types of the drink have only been produced or sold for a limited time, such as Pepsi Holiday Spice, a spicy Hanukkah/Christmas seasonal finish of ginger and cinnamon. The 455 HO engine did not reappear, but GM initially announced the availability of a Super Duty 455 engine (shared with the contemporary Pontiac Trans Am SD455), and several such cars were made available for testing, impressing reviewers with their power and flexibility.

In 2005, Pepsi Cappuccino was released in Romania and Bulgaria with another coffee flavored cola called Pepsi Tarik in Malaysia. The 455 cubic-inch V8 remained optional, but was detuned to 250 horsepower and available only with the Turbo Hydra-Matic transmission. Pepsico market tested coffee tasting variations of the drink with Pepsi Kona in Lehigh Valley and Pennsylvania areas between 1994 and 1996. The 400 engine was available with any of the three transmissions including the standard three-speed manual, or optional four-speed or Turbo Hydra-Matic. Pepsico attempted the drink again with the Pepsi Blue in mid-2002 and withdrew it from the market in 2004. The standard 400 cubic-inch V8 in the 1973 GTO was further reduced in compression to 8.0:1, dropping horsepower to 230. Crystal Pepsi was introduced in 1992 and sold until 1993 as a rival to New Coke which was also a failure. The LeMans Sport Coupe also got the louvered rear side windows from the Grand Am in place of the standard triangular windows of the base LeMans.

Pepsico have attempted marketing many different flavors of the drink, however many were quickly discontinued amidst poor sales. The base LeMans coupe featured a cloth-and-vinyl or all-vinyl bench seat while the more lavish LeMans Sport Coupe had all-vinyl interiors with Strato bucket seats or a notchback bench seat with folding armrest. Although there has always been a diet variation of the drink since it came out, Diet Wild Cherry Pepsi didn't become widely available until 2005, when Wild Cherry Pepsi was reformulated. Once again the '73 GTO option was offered on two models including the base LeMans coupe or the LeMans Sport Coupe. Though rarely marketed, the drink remains widely available. Pontiac's sister division, Oldsmobile, got more rave reviews from the automotive press and the car-buying public with the similar-bodied Cutlass S and Cutlass Supreme models, the Supreme coupe (borrowing the squared-off roofline and opera windows from the GP and Monte) itself outsold Pontiac's entire LeMans/Grand Am/GTO lineup in 1973. In 1988, the company launched Wild Cherry Pepsi as a response to the popularity of Cherry Coke. In contrast, the Pontiac Grand Prix and Chevrolet Monte Carlo, which were also derived from the intermediate A-body, were much better received due to their squared-off styling and formal rooflines with vertical opera windows.

A caffeine-free cola called Pepsi Free was introduced in 1982 by PepsiCo as the first major-brand caffeine-free cola and is today sold as Caffeine-Free Pepsi and Caffeine-Free Diet Pepsi. There was no middle ground. Diet Pepsi is one of the most popular variations of the drink, containing no sugar and zero calories.Other popular variations of the drink are Pepsi Max and Pepsi ONE, both sugar-free colas. The overall styling of the 1973 Pontiac A-body intermediates (LeMans, Luxury LeMans, GTO and Grand Am) was generally not well received by the car buying public and often compared to public opinion of sportscaster Howard Cosell - you either really liked or disliked it. There are many types of Pepsi-Cola all differing in taste, price and appearance. New federal laws for 1973 demanded front bumpers capable of withstanding 5 mph (8 km/h) impacts with no damage to the body (5 MPH rear bumpers would come in 1974): the result was the use of prominent and heavy chrome bumpers front and rear. And also in 1999 Janet Jackson signed on to the original "Ask For More" campaign which featured a song of the same name written and sung by Jackson. Rear side windows were now of a fixed design that could not be opened and in a trianglar shape.

Aretha Franklin was also a spokesperson in 1998. Once again an option package for the LeMans, the 1973 GTO shared the reskinned A-body with its "Colonnade" hardtop styling, which eliminated true hardtop design due to the addition of a roof pillar but retention of doorless framework. Pepsi said in a recent interview that Christina Aguilera has that 'dare for more' approach. (Some sources discount the single convertible and the three anomalous wagons, listing the total as 5,807.) Although Pontiac did not offer a production GTO convertible in 1972, a buyer could order a LeMans Sport convertible with either of the three GTO engines and other sporty/performance trappings to create a GTO in all but name, even the GTO's Endura bumper was offered as an option on LeMans/Sport models with PONTIAC spelled out on the driver's side grille rather than GTO. This time Pepsi has a new spokesperson, the pop artist Christina Aguilera, a former spokesperson of Pepsi's rival Coke. Sales plummeted by 45%, to 5,811. He was infamously burned during the filming of a Pepsi commercial in 1984. Only 646 of these engines were sold.

Singer-songwriter Michael Jackson boosted the sales of Pepsi in the 1980s when he became spokesperson for the company. Despite its modest 8.4:1 compression, it was as strong as many earlier engines with higher gross power ratings, yet like all other 1972-model engines, it could perform on low-octane regular leaded, low-lead or unleaded gasolines. Joan Crawford was married to Pepsi president Alfred Steele, and was advertising executive and board of directors member for several years. It was rated at 300 hp @ 4000 RPM and 415 lb·ft @ 3200 RPM, also in the new SAE net figures. Later it used celebrities like Amitabh Bachhan, Shahrukh Khan, Kajol, Kareena Kapoor and Priyanka Chopra, as well as the national cricket team. A very rare option was the 455 HO engine, essentially similar to that used in the Trans Am. In India, Pepsi first used the then chocolate boy Aamir Khan, model turned actress Mahima Chaudhary and model and ex-miss world Aishwarya Rai to promote its product. Most of the drop was attributable to the new rating system (which now reflected an engine in as-installed condition with mufflers, accessories, and standard intake): in real terms, the engines were little changed from 1971.

have appeared in several different advertisements. The optional 455 had the same rated horsepower (although at a peak of 3600 RPM), but substantially more torque. As for Asia, celebrity and singers Jay Chou, Aaron Kwok, as well as the popular girl's group S.H.E. Horsepower, now rated in SAE net terms, was down further, to 250 hp @ 4400 RPM and 325 lb·ft @ 3200 RPM for the base 400 engine. In Latin America both Colombian artists Shakira and Juanes have successfully promoted the soft drink. Again, Rally II and Honeycomb wheels were optional on all GTOs, with the Honeycombs now featuring red Pontiac arrowhead emblems on the center caps while the Rally IIs continued with the same caps as before spelling out "PMD" referring to Pontiac Motor Division. In Europe and the UK celebrities such as footballer David Beckham and pop stars that include Britney Spears, Jennifer Lopez, Janet Jackson, Five, the Spice Girls, S Club 7, Gary Glitter and Beyoncé Knowles have featured in campaigns for the drink. Planned for 1972 as a GTO option was the ducktail rear spoiler from the Firebird Trans Am but after a few cars were built with that option, it was cancelled.

Hundreds of celebrities have advertised for Pepsi products, for instance NASCAR driver Jeff Gordon who runs a Pepsi paint scheme at Talladega Superspeedway and Daytona International Speedway. Other optional equipment was similar to 1971 and earlier models. As with most popular soft drinks, Pepsi and its associated beverages have had various celebrity spokespersons. The LeMans Sport, only offered as a hardtop coupe, came with Strato bucket seats upholstered in vinyl along with carpeting on floor and lower door panels, vinyl door pull straps, custom pedal trim and cushioned steering wheel - much like GTOs of previous years. The caffeine free Pepsi-Cola contains the same ingredients but does not include any caffeine. Both models came standard with cloth-and-vinyl or all-vinyl bench seats and rubber floor mats on the pillared coupe and carpeting on the hardtop - creating a lower-priced GTO in the process - which had been sorely needed for the past several years. The Pepsi-Cola drink contains basic ingredients found in most other similar drinks including carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, sugar, colourings, phosphoric acid, caffeine, citric acid and natural flavors. On the base LeMans line the GTO could be had with either the low-priced pillared coupe or hardtop coupe.

Coke remains the more popular of the two. In 1972, the GTO reverted from a separate model line to a $353.88 option package for the LeMans and LeMans Sport coupes. When the Pepsi taste became more popular, Coca-Cola adapted their drink to be closer to the American taste of Pepsi (New Coke).^[3] Although Pepsi claimed this a victory for their brand of cola, Coca-Cola soon reverted because, while testing showed the taste of the new Coke was better, consumers preferred Coca-Cola to stay the same. The sales slide was becoming terminal: only 10,532 GTOs were sold. In the past, the difference in taste between Pepsi and Coca-Cola's Coke was even greater than it is today. Only 374 were sold before The Judge was discontinued in February, 1971, including 17 convertibles — today the rarest of all GTOs. While some claim that Pepsi tastes identical to Coca-Cola, others say they can detect a difference. The Judge returned for a final year, now with the 455 HO as standard equipment.

^[2]. Motor Trend tested a 1971 GTO with the 455, four-speed transmission, and 3.90 axle, and obtained a 0-60 mph time of 6.1 seconds and a quarter mile acceleration of 13.4 seconds at 102 mph. Pepsi took great advantage of the campaign with television commercials reporting the test results to the public. The top GTO engine for 1971 was the new 455 HO with 8.4 compression, rated at 335 net hp @ 4800 RPM and 480 lb·ft @ 3600 RPM: this is considered by many to be the most powerful engine Pontiac made, truthfully it made almost 425 hp on 87 octane gas. During these blind taste tests the majority of participants picked Pepsi as the better tasting of the two soft drinks. A step-up engine option was the 455 cubic-inch V8 with four-barrel carburetor, 8.4 to 1 compression ratio and 325 horsepower, only available with the automatic transmission. In 1980, Pepsi introduced the Pepsi Challenge marketing campaign where Pepsico set up a blind tasting between Pepsi-Cola and rival Coca-Cola. Power was rated at 300 hp @ 4800 RPM and torque at 400 lb·ft @ 3600 RPM.

In 1964, the Diet Pepsi variation of the drink debuted, being the United States's first national diet soft drink. The standard GTO engine was still the 400 in³ V8, but now with 8.2:1 compression. In the following years, the drink gained in popularity and in 1934, debuted the 12-ounce drink. The Ram Air engines did not return for 1971. ^[1]Eight years later, the company went bankrupt again, resulting in a reformulation of the Pepsi-Cola syrup formula. If the skyrocketing insurance rates were not enough, a new corporate edict, aimed at preparing the GM fleet for no-lead gasoline, forced a cross-the-board reduction in compression ratios. Megargel bought the Pepsi trademark. Overall length grew slightly to 203.3 inches (5164 mm).

In 1923, Pepsico went bankrupt due to high sugar prices as a result of World War I, assets were sold and Roy C. The 1971 GTO had another modest facelift, this time with wire-mesh griles, horizontal bumper bars on either side of the grille opening, more closely spaced headlamps, and a new hood with the dual scoops relocated to the leading edge, not far above the grille. In 1909, automobile race pioneer Barney Oldfield endorsed Pepsi-Cola in newspaper ads as "A bully drink...refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race". The GTO remained the third best-selling intermediate musclecar, only outsold by the Chevrolet Chevelle SS 396/454 and Plymouth Road Runner. This forced Coca-Cola to change their formula; however, Pepsi-Cola was already free of these substances, and thus claimed they already met federal requirements. Sales were down to 40,149, of which 3,797 were The Judge. That same year, the US federal government passed the Pure Food and Drug Act, banning substances such as arsenic, lead, barium, and uranium from food and beverages. The new styling did little to help declining sales, which were now being hit by sagging buyer interest in all musclecars and by the punitive surcharges levied by automobile insurance companies, which could result in insurance payments higher than car payments for some drivers.

In 1906, the logo was changed again. An Orbit Orange 1970 GTO Judge with the 455 engine and Turbo Hydra-Matic transmission was one of the featured cars in the movie "Two-Lane Blacktop" which depicted a cross-country race between the new GTO and a hopped-up '55 Chevy. In 1905, Pepsi received its first logo redesign since the original design of 1898. Striping was relocated to the upper wheelwell brows. The next year, Pepsi was sold in six-ounce bottles and sales increased to 19,848 gallons. "Orbit Orange" became the new flamboyant color cue for the '70 Judge, replacing 1969's Carousel Red, but any GTO color was available on The Judge. That year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of syrup. Though the 360-horsepower 455 cubic-inch V8 was available as an option on the standard GTO throughout the entire model year, the 455 was not offered on The Judge until late in the year.

In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore into a rented warehouse. The Judge came standard with the 366-horsepower Ram Air III 400 cubic-inch V8 while the 370-horsepower Ram Air IV 400 was optional. It was made of carbonated water, sugar, vanilla, rare oils, pepsin and kola nuts. The Judge remained available as a separate model, against the advice of Jim Wangers, who felt it should have been a one year-only promotion. As Pepsi was initially intended to cure stomach pains, Bradham coined the name Pepsi from the condition dyspepsia (stomachache or indigestion). That particular commercial was also cancelled by order of GM management. On August 28, 1898 , "Brad's drink" was changed to "Pepsi-Cola" and later trademarked on June 16, 1903. In that commercial entitled "The Humbler," which was broadcast only that one time, a young man pulled up in a new GTO to a drive-in restaurant with dramatic music and exhaust noise in the background, pulling the "EXHAUST" button to activate the VOE and then left the drive-in to do some street racing.

Pepsi-Cola, originally called "Brad's drink", was first made in New Bern, North Carolina in the United States in the early 1890s by pharmacist Caleb Bradham. Pontiac management was ordered to cancel the VOE option by GM's upper management following a TV commercial for the GTO that aired during Super Bowl IV on CBS January 11. . The VOE option was offered from November, 1969 to January, 1970. There are several types of Pepsi, including Pepsi Vanilla, Diet Pepsi (the most popular variant), and outside the United States, Pepsi Max. A new and short-lived option for 1970 was the VOE, or Vacuum Operated Exhaust, which was cable activated via an underdash lever marked "EXHAUST." The VOE was designed to reduce exhaust backpressure to increase horsepower and performance, but also substantially increased exhaust noise. Similar to Coca-Cola, its major rival, Pepsi was originally intended to cure stomach pains. The smaller displacement engine recorded less than 9 mpg (26.1 L/100 km), compared to a still-unimpressive 10 to 11 mpg (23.5 to 21.4 L/100 km) for the 455.

The brand was trademarked on June 16, 1903, though the drink was first made in 1898 by pharmacist Caleb Bradham. Both were about 3 mph (5 km/h) slower than a Ram Air III 400 four-speed, although considerably less temperamental: the peaky Ram Air engine was unhappy at idle and difficult to drive at low speeds. Pepsi-Cola, most commonly called Pepsi, is a soft drink produced by PepsiCo which is sold worldwide in stores, restaurants and vending machines. Car Life's Turbo-Hydramatic 455, with a 3.35 axle, clocked 14.76 seconds at 95.94 mph (154.40 km/h), with identical 6.6 second 0-60 mph acceleration. Car and Driver tested a heavily optioned 455, with a four-speed transmission and 3.31 axle and recorded a quarter mile time of 15.0 seconds with a trap speed of 96.5 mph (155.3 km/h). A functional Ram Air scoop was available, but even so equipped, a stock 455 was clearly less powerful than the Ram Air III.

Its advantage was torque: 500 lb·ft @ 2700 RPM. The 455 was rated 360 hp @ 4300 RPM. Curiously, the 455, a long-stroke engine taken from the full-size Pontiac Bonneville line, was only moderately stronger than the base 400, and actually less powerful than the Ram Air III, both in advertised and developed power. A new option was Pontiac's 455, available now that GM had rescinded its earlier ban on intermediates with engines larger than 400.

The base engine was unchanged for 1970, but the low-compression economy engine was gone and The Ram Air III and Ram Air IV remained available, although the latter was now a special-order option. Turning diameter was reduced from 40.9 ft (12.5 m) to 37.4 ft (11.4 m). Rather than a fixed ratio of 17.5:1, requiring four turns lock-to-lock, the new system varied its ratio from 14.6:1 to 18.9:1, needing 3.5 turns lock-to-lock. Another handling-related improvement was optional variable-ratio power steering.

The result was a useful reduction in body lean in turns and a modest reduction of understeer. The front anti-roll bar was slightly stiffer, 1 1/8in. The suspension was upgraded with the addition of a rear anti-roll bar, essentially the same 7/8 bar as used on the Oldsmobile 442 and Buick GS. While the standard Tempest and LeMans had chrome grilles, the GTO retained the Endura urethane cover around the headlamps and grille.

The nose retained the protruding vertical prow theme, although it was less prominent. Hidden headlights were deleted in favor of four exposed, round headlamps outboard of narrower grille openings. The Tempest line got another facelift for the 1970 model year. The GTO had now been surpassed in sales both by the Chevrolet Chevelle SS396 and the Road Runner, but 72,287 were sold during the 1969 model year, 6,833 of them The Judge.

The Judge was initially offered only in very loud "Carousel Red," but late in the model year a variety of other colors became available. Pontiac claimed that the latter had some functional effect at higher speeds, producing a small but measurable down force, but it was of little value at legal speeds except for style. The resulting package ended up being some $337.02 more expensive than a standard GTO, and included the Ram Air III engine, styled wheels, Hurst shifter (with a unique T-shaped handle), wider tires, various decals, and a rear spoiler. During its development, however, it was decided to make it instead the ultimate in street performance and image.

The significant event of 1969 was the launch of a new model called 'The Judge', ads used slogans like "All rise for The Judge" and "The Judge can be bought." As originally conceived, the Judge was to be a low-cost GTO, stripped of some gimmicks to make it competitive with the Plymouth Road Runner. The fact that the higher-revving Ram Air IV's advertised power peak was at 5000 RPM, 100 RPM lower than the less-powerful Ram Air III, is a case in point. By this time, the gross power ratings of both Ram Air engines were highly suspect, bearing less relationship to developed horsepower and more to an internal GM policy limiting all cars except the Corvette to no more than one advertised horsepower per ten pounds of curb weight. Ram Air III was rated at 366 hp @ 5100 RPM, while the top option was the 370 hp Ram Air IV, which featured special header-like high-flow exhaust manifolds, high-flow cylinder heads, a specific high-rise aluminum intake manifold, larger Rochester QuadraJet four-barrel carburetor, high-lift/long-duration camshaft, forged steel crankshaft plus various beefed-up internal components capable of withstanding higher engine speeds and power output.

The 400 c.i. The previous economy engine and standard 350 hp 400 cubic-inch V8 remained, but the 360 hp engine was dropped in favor of a pair of new Ram Air engines. In addition, the rear quarter-panel mounted side marker lamps changed from a red lens shaped like the Pontiac "V" crest to one shaped like the broad GTO badge. The new 1969 model did away with the vent windows, had a slight grille and taillight revision, moved the ignition key from the dashboard to the steering column, and the gauge faces changed from steel blue to black.

Now facing serious competition both within GM and from Ford, Dodge, and Plymouth — particularly the latter's new, low-cost Road Runner — the GTO nonetheless won Motor Trend's Car of the Year award, and sales remained strong at 87,684. Testers were split about handling, Hot Rod calling it "the best-balanced car [Pontiac] ever built," but Car Life chiding its excessive nose heaviness, understeer, and inadequate damping. Motor Trend clocked a four-speed Ram Air with 4.33 gearing at 14.45 seconds @ 98.2 mph (158.0 km/h) and a standard GTO with Turbo-Hydramatic and 3.23 gears at 15.93 seconds @ 88.3 mph (142.1 km/h). Hot Rod tested a four-speed standard GTO and obtained a quarter mile reading of 14.7 seconds at 97 mph (156 km/h) in pure stock form.

It could be replaced by an in-dash tach at the buyer's option, but became something of a status symbol. Another popular option, actually introduced during the 1967 model year, was a hood-mounted tachometer, located just ahead of the windshield and lighted for nighttime visibilty. They presented a cleaner appearance and were another Pontiac first for the industry. One feature was concealed windshield wipers, hidden below the rear edge of the hood.

Aside from the grille and headlights, several other new gimmicks were offered. 1968 also marked the last year the GTOs offered separate vent, or "wing", windows. While most 1968 models had drum brakes all around, this rare option provided enormous stopping power and could be found on other GM A-Body vehicles of the same period. Another carry-over from 1967 was the 4-piston caliper disc brake option.

Horsepower rating was not changed, although actual output was likely somewhat higher, especially with open exhausts. At mid-year, a new Ram Air package became available with freer-breathing cylinder heads, round port exhaust and the 744 cam and 3:90 gear. Powertrain options remained substantially the same as in 1967, but the standard GTO engine rose to 350 hp (261 kW) @ 5000 RPM. This model year further emphasized the curvacious "coke bottle" styling, as viewed from the side.

Pontiac touted this feature heavily in advertising, showing hammering at the bumper to no discernable effect. It was designed to absorb impact without permanent deformation at low speeds. A unique feature was the body-color Endura front bumper. The signature hood scoop was replaced by dual scoops on either side of a prominent hood bulge extending from the protruding nose.

For the GTO, Pontiac abandoned the familiar stacked headlights for hidden headlights behind the split grille (technically a $52.66 option, but seen on most GTOs). Overall length was reduced 5.9 in (150 mm) and height dropped half an inch (12.7 mm), but overall weight was up about 75 lb (34 kg). The previous 115 in (2921 mm) wheelbase was shortened to 112 in (2845 mm) for all two-door models. GM redesigned its A-body line for 1968, with more curvaceous, "bustleback" fastback styling.

Nevertheless, GTO sales remained high at 81,722. Nor was it cheap: for performance and appointments very similar to their 1965 Tri-Power, the price was $4422, a 20% increase. They were critical, however, of the Ram Air's finicky behavior and tendency to overheat in traffic, as well as the ease with which a careless driver could exceed the 5600 RPM redline in top gear (which limited the car to a maximum speed of 107 mph (171 km/h) with a 4.33 axle ratio). Car Life's similar car ran 0-60 mph (0-97 km/h) in 6.1 seconds and the quarter in 14.5 seconds @ 102 mph (163 km/h) with 4.33 gears.

Hot Rod Magazine tested a 1967 Ram Air GTO with Turbo-Hydramatic and 3.90 gearing, and obtained a quarter-mile performance of 14.51 seconds @ 98.79 mph (158.99 km/h) in pure-stock form, rising to 14.11 @ 101.23 mph (162.91 km/h) with accessory drive belts removed, new spark plugs, and a slight modification to the carburetor. Meanwhile, the Tempest's inadequate drum brakes could finally be replaced by disc brakes on the front wheels (for $104.79, including power boost), a vast improvement in both braking performance and fade resistance. The T-H was further enhanced by the use of Hurst's Dual-Gate shifter, which allowed full manual selection of gears, and was generally considered an equal match for the four-speed in most performance aspects. The archaic two-speed automatic gave way to the three-speed Turbo-Hydramatic(TH400), available with any engine.

Two more positive changes were in the area of transmission and brakes. Emission controls, including an air injector system, were fitted in GTOs sold in California only. It was available only with 3.90:1 or 4.33:1 differential gearing, and its "hotter" camshaft left it with a notably lumpier idle and less cooperative part-throttle response. Rated power and torque were unchanged, although the engine was certainly stronger than that of the standard 360 hp (268 kW) GTO.

The package, which included a functional hood scoop (much like the previous dealer-installed set-up), featured stiffer valve springs and a longer-duration camshaft. The second, offered for a formidable extra cost of $263.30 over the standard high-output engine, was the Ram Air engine. Offered only with an automatic, it was coolly received by GTO buyers. The first, bizarrely, was an economy engine, also 400 in³, but with a two-barrel carburetor, 8.6:1 compression, and a rating of 265 hp (198 kW) and 397 lb·ft (538 N·m) of torque.

Two new engines were offered. Testers found little performance difference, although the distinctive sound and fury of the Tri-Power was missed. Torque increased slightly, from 431 to 441 lb·ft (584 to 598 N·m) for the base engine, from 424 to 438 lb·ft (575 to 594 N·m) for the optional engine, but power remained the same. To compensate, the 389 engine received a slightly wider cylinder bore (4.12 in., 104.7 mm) for a total displacement of 400 in³ (6.5 L).

A corporate policy decision banned multiple carburetors for all cars except the Chevrolet Corvette, so the famous Tri-Power engine was cancelled in favor of a new Quadrajet four-barrel carburetor. Styling remained essentially unchanged for 1967, but the GTO saw several significant mechanical changes. Although Pontiac had strenuously promoted the GTO in advertising as the "GTO Tiger," it had become known in the youth market as the "Goat." Pontiac management attempted to make use of the new nickname in advertising, but were vetoed by upper management, which was dismayed by its irreverent tone. Sales continued to increase, to 96,946.

A new rare engine option was offered, the XS engine consisted of a factory Ram Air set up with a new 744 high lift cam. Four pod instruments continued and the GTO's dash was now highlighted by walnut veneer trim. The instrument panel was redesigned and more integrated than in previous years with the ignition switch moved from the far left of the dash to the right of the steering wheel. New Strato bucket seats were introduced with higher and thinner seat backs and contoured cushions for added comfort and adjustable headrests were introduced as a new option.

Also an automotive industry first, plastic front grilles replaced the pot metal and aluminum versions seen on earlier years. The GTO became a separate model series, rather than an option package, with unique grille and tail lights, available as a pillared two-door sedan, a hardtop, or a convertible. Overall weight remained about the same. Rear track increased one inch (25 mm).

Overall length grew only fractionally, to 206.4 in (5243 mm), still on a 115 in (2921 mm) wheelbase, while width expanded to 74.4 in (1890 mm). Pontiac's intermediate line was restyled again for 1966, gaining more curvaceous styling with kicked-up rear fender lines for a "Coke-bottle" look, and a slightly "tunneled" backlight. It was already spawning many imitators, both within other GM divisions and at its competitors. Sales of the GTO, abetted by a formidable marketing and promotional campaign that included songs and various merchandise, more than doubled to 75,342.

Car Life was satisfied with the metallic brakes on its GTO, but Motor Trend and Road Test found the standard drums with organic linings to be alarmingly inadequate in high-speed driving. Major criticisms of the GTO continued to center on its slow steering (ratio of 17.5:1, four turns lock-to-lock) and mediocre brakes. Even Motor Trend's four-barrel test car, a heavier convertible handicapped by the two-speed automatic transmission and the lack of a limited-slip differential, ran 0-60 mph in 7 seconds and through the quarter mile in 16.1 seconds at 89 mph (142.4 km/h). With two testers and equipment aboard, they recorded 0-60 mph (0-97 km/h) in 5.8 seconds, the standing quarter mile in 14.5 seconds with a trap speed of 100 mph (160 km/h), and an observed top speed of 114 mph (182.4 km/h) at the engine's 6000 RPM redline.

Car Life tested a 1965 GTO with Tri-Power and what they considered the most desirable options (close-ratio four-speed manual transmission, power steering, metallic brakes, rally wheels, 4.11 limited-slip differential, and Rally Gauge Cluster), with a total sticker price of $3643.79. The scoop was low enough that its effectiveness was questionable (it was unlikely to pick up anything but boundary layer air), but it at least admitted cooler, denser air, and allowed more of the engine's formidable roar to escape. A rare, dealer-installed option was a metal underhood pan and gaskets that allowed the scoop to be opened, transforming a cosmetic device into a functional ram air intake. The restyled GTO had a new simulated hood scoop.

Transmission and axle ratio choices remained the same. The Tri-Power engine had slightly less torque than the base engine, 424 lb-ft @ 3600 rpm versus 431 lb-ft @ 3200 rpm. Rated power increased to 335 hp @ 5000 RPM; for the base 4-bbl engine, 360 hp @ 5200 RPM. The 389 engine got revised cylinder heads with re-cored intake passages, improving breathing.

The dashboard design was improved, and an optional Rally Gauge Cluster ($86.08) added a more legible tachometer and oil pressure gauge. Brake lining area increased just under 15%. Overall weight increased about 100 lb, model for model. It now sported Pontiac's characteristic vertically stacked quad headlights.

to overall length while retaining the same wheelbase and interior dimensions. The Tempest line, including the GTO, was restyled for the 1965 model year, adding 3.1 in. Sunoco 260, Chevron Custom Supreme) to avoid spark knock with the higher compression and advanced timing. Properly installed, the kit could add between 30 and 50 horsepower, although it required high-octane superpremium gasoline of over 100 octane (i.e.

The precise components of the kit varied, but generally included pieces to modify the spark advance of the distributor, limiting spark advance to 34-36° at no more than 3000 RPM (advancing the timing at high RPM for increased power), a thinner head gasket to raise compression to about 11.23:1, a gasket to block the heat riser of the carburetor (keeping it cooler), larger carburetor jets, high-capacity oil pump, and fiberglass shims with lock nuts to hold the hydraulic valve lifters at their maximum point of adjustment, allowing the engine to rev higher without "floating" the valves. Many of the Pontiacs made available for magazine testing were equipped with the Bobcat kit. The name "Bobcat" came from the improvised badges created for the modified cars, combining letters from the "Bonneville" and "Catalina" nameplates. Many were fitted to GTOs, and the components and instructions could be purchased by mail as well as installed by the dealer.

Throughout the 1960s, Royal Pontiac, a Pontiac car dealer in Royal Oak, Michigan, offered a special tune-up package for Pontiac 389 engines. Frank Bridge's gloomy sales forecast proved inaccurate: the GTO package had sold 10,000 units before the beginning of the 1964 calendar year, and total sales were 32,450. Since the two engines were difficult to distinguish externally, the subterfuge was not immediately obvious. Later reports strongly suggest that the C&D GTOs were not equipped with the 389, but with the 421 in³ (6.9 L) Super Duty engine that was optional in full-sized Pontiacs.

Car and Driver incited storms of controversy when it printed that a GTO that had supposedly been tuned with the "Bobcat" kit offered by Royal Pontiac of Royal Oak, Michigan was clocked at a quarter-mile ET of 12.8 seconds and a trap speed of 112 mph (179 km/h) on racing slicks. Like most testers, they criticized the slow steering, particularly without power steering, and inadequate drum brakes, which were identical to those of the normal Tempest. Car Life clocked a GTO so equipped at 0-60 mph (0-97 km/h) in 6.6 seconds, through the standing quarter mile in 14.8 seconds with a trap speed of 99 mph (158 km/h). Most contemporary road tests used the more powerful Tri-Power engine and four-speed.

With every available option, the GTO cost about $4500 USD and weighed around 3500 lb. Optional equipment included a four-speed manual transmission, two-speed automatic transmission, a more powerful "Tri-Power" engine with three two-barrel carburetors (rated at 348 bhp), metallic drum brake brake linings, limited-slip differential, heavy-duty cooling, ride and handling package, and the usual array of power and convenience accessories. For $296, it included the 389 in³ V8 (rated at rated at 325 hp @ 4800 RPM) with a single Carter AFB four-barrel carburetor and dual exhausts, chromed valve covers and air cleaner, 7 blade declutching fan, a floor-shifted three-speed manual transmission with Hurst shifter, stiffer springs, larger diameter front sway bar, wider wheels with 7.50 x 14 redline tires, hood scoops, and GTO badges. The first Pontiac GTO was an option package for the Tempest Le Mans, available with the two-door sedan, hardtop coupe, and convertible body styles.

As it turned out, it was a great success. Had the model been a failure, Estes likely would have been reprimanded. Pontiac General Manager Elliot (Pete) Estes approved the new model, although sales manager Frank Bridge, who did not believe it would find a market, insisted on limiting initial production to no more than 5,000 cars. Since the GTO was an option package, not standard equipment, it could be considered to fall into a loophole in the policy.

The GTO was technically a violation of GM policy limiting the A-body intermediate line to a maximum engine displacement of 330 cubic-inch (5.4 L). The name was to draw howls of protest from outraged purists, who considered it close to sacrilege. It is an acronym for Gran Turismo Omologato, Italian for homologated for racing in the GT class. The name, which was DeLorean's idea, was inspired by the Ferrari 250 GTO, the highly successful race car.

By promoting the big-engine Tempest as a special, high-performance model, they could appeal to the speed-minded youth market (which had also been recognized by Ford Motor Company's Lee Iacocca, who was at that time preparing the Ford Mustang). It involved transforming the upcoming, redesigned Tempest (which was set to revert to a conventional front-engine, front transmission, rear-wheel drive configuration) into a "Super Tempest" with the larger 389 cubic-inch (6.4 L) Pontiac V8 engine from the full-sized Pontiac Catalina and Bonneville in place of the standard 326 cubic-inch (5.3 L) Tempest V8. Wangers proposed a way to retain the performance image that the division had cultivated with a new focus on street performance. At the time Pontiac's advertising and marketing approach was heavily based on performance, and racing was an important component of that strategy.

In early 1963 General Motors management issued an edict banning divisions from involvement in auto racing. The GTO was the brainchild of McManus advertising agency executive Jim Wangers, an automotive enthusiast, and Pontiac chief engineer John De Lorean. . The nameplate was revived in 2004, based this time on the Australian Holden Monaro.

From 1964 till 1973 it was closely related to the Pontiac Tempest, but for its final year it was based on the Pontiac Ventura. It is often considered the first true muscle car. The Pontiac GTO was an automobile built by Pontiac from 1964 to 1974.