Navy

The Royal Marines also there own special forces similar to that of the SAS: the SBS (Special Boat Service) or The Boat Troop; and the Mountain Troop. A proposed and yet-unrealised development in painting is four dimensional painting. Navy SEALs and the British Royal Marines now serve a similar function, being a ship-based force specially trained in commando-style operations and tactics. Painting idioms include:. However the U.S. Painting styles. Eventually the Marine Corps became a separate arm in the United States, with their own equipment. The word 'style' in the latter sense has fallen out of favour in academic discussions about contemporary painting, though it continues to be used in popular contexts.

Much later during the age of sail, a component of marines served a similar role, being ship-borne soldiers who were used either during boarding actions, as sharp-shooters, or in raids along the shore. This can stem from an actual group that the artist was consciously involved with or it can be a category in which art historians have placed the painter. These were troops primarily trained in land warfare, and did not need to be skilled at handling a ship. It can also refer to the movement or school that an artist is associated with. During the era of the Roman empire, the naval forces included legionaries for boarding actions. 'Style' is used in two senses: It can refer to the distinctive visual elements, techniques and methods that typify an individual artist's work. Flag Officers:. Examples include:.

Officers:. Different types of paint are usually identified by the medium that the pigment is suspended or embedded in, which determines the general working characteristics of the paint, such as viscosity, miscibility, solubility, drying time, etc. Senior Ratings and Warrant Officers. Painting techniques include:. Ratings:. You had something in mind, something you wanted to ‘bring out’; but looking at what you have done, I have no certainty that I know what it was..."). For the Royal Navy the ranks are as follows (in acending order):. Your painting expresses – for you; but it does not communicate to me.

Flag Officers:. The text is witty and sometimes caustic in order to make his points ("Let us be brutal: expression is a joke. Officers:. A painter himself, Bell discusses the development, through history, of the notion that paintings can express feelings and ideas. Non-Commissioned Officers:. A recent contribution to thinking about painting was offered by Julian Bell, in his book What is Painting?. Non-Commissioned Members:. In 1890, the Parisian painter Maurice Denis famously asserted: "Remember that a painting – before being a warhorse, a naked woman or some story or other – is essentially a flat surface covered with colours assembled in a certain order." Thus many twentieth century developments in painting, such as Cubism, were reflections on the business of painting rather than on the external world, nature, which had previously been its core subject.

For the Canadian Navy the ranks are as follows (in acending order):. However Beauty, a concept of wich Painting is essentialy linked, cannot be defined as an objective matter,purpose or idea.Much aesthetics and theory of art is connected with painting. "Flag officers" include any rank that includes the word "admiral", and are generally in command of a battle group or similar flotilla of vessels, rather than a single vessel or aspect of a vessel. The creator of this discipline, Erwin Panofsky,tries to analyse visual symbols in their cultural,religious, social and philosophical depth to attain a better comprehension of mankind´s symbolic activity. Typical ranks for commissioned officers include the following, in ascending order:. Iconography has also something to say about painting. Warrant Officers serve in more technical positions than commissioned Officers. Kandinsky in its essay sustains that painting has a spiritual value also he attachs primary colours to essential feelings or concepts, something that writters like Goethe had already tried to.

The United States draws its Warrant Officers from the enlisted ranks. Painters like Kandinsky or Paul Klee also wrote theory of painting. Warrant Officers, (WO) including Chief Warrant Officers (CWO), are senior to enlisted sailors and junior to commissioned Officers. Hegel recognized the failure of attaining a universal concept of beauty and in his aesthetic essay wrote that Painting is one of the three "romantic" arts, along with Poetry and Music for its symbolic, highly intelectual purpose. Navy, sailors are more commony referred to by their "rating," which indicates both their rank and job specialty (for example, "BT3 Jones" for "Boiler Technician 3rd Class Jones"). Kant inditified Beauty with the Sublime,not refering particulary to painting, but this concept was taken by painters like Turner or Caspar David Friedrich. Within the U.S. Leonardo Da Vinci, on the contrary, said that "Pittura est cousa mentale" (painting is an intelectual thing), wich is more accurate in defining the art of Painting, although there is an essential role of craft in it.

Typical enlisted ranks include the following, in ascending order:. Aesthetics tries to be the "science of beauty" and it was an important issue for 18th and 19th philoshopers like Kant or Hegel.Classical philosophers like Plato and Aristotle also theorized about art and painting in particular; Plato disregarded painters (as well as sculptors) in his philosophical system , sustaining that a painting is a copy of reality (a shadow of the world of ideas so it cannot depict the truth) and is nothing but a craft, similar to shoemaking or iron casting. A navy will typically have two sets of ranks, one for enlisted personnel and one for officers. See also African art.. The largest unit size may be the whole Navy or Admiralty. Contemporary african artist follow western art movements and their paintings have little difference from occidental art works. Vessels may be combined into squadrons or flotillas, which may be formed into fleets. Note that Pablo Picasso and other modern artists were influenced by african sculpture in their styles.

Naval forces are typically arranged into units based on the number of vessels included, a single vessel forming the smallest operational unit. Another pictoral manifestation is body painting, present for example in Maasai culture in their ceremony rituals. This allows strike groups and combat vessels to remain at sea for several months at a time. However decorative painting is present in african culture often abstract and geometrical. Today, naval strike groups on longer missions are always followed by a range of support and replenishment vessels supplying them with anything from fuel and munitions, to medical treatment and postal services. African traditonal culture and tribes do not seem to had great interest in two dimensional representations in favour of Sculpture. Also, in WWII, the engine room needed about a dozen sailors to work the many engines, however, today, only about 4-5 are needed (depending on the class of the ship). See also Indian painting..

However, today ships can go on very long journeys without refuling. The Bengal school's influence in India declined with the spread of modernist ideas in the 1920s. In WWII, ships needed to refuel very often. Tagore later attempted to develop links with Japanese artists as part of an aspiration to construct a pan-Asianist model of art. Also, the efficiency of the engines have improved a lot, in terms of fuel, and of how many sailors it takes to operate them. Tagore's best-known painting, Bharat Mata (Mother India), depicted a young woman, portrayed with four arms in the manner of Hindu deities, holding objects symbolic of India's national aspirations. However, today ships can easily reach 25 knots, thanks to much improved propulsion systems. Tagore painted a number of works influenced by Mughal art, a style that he and Havel believed to be expressive of India's distinct spirutual qualities, as opposed to the "materialism" of the West.

The average speed was about 15-20 knots. Havel was supported by the artist Abanindranath Tagore, a nephew of the poet Rabindranath Tagore. On another note, ships of WWII were much slower than today. This caused immense controversy, leading to a strike by students and complaints from the local press, including from nationalists who considered it to be a retrogressive move. For a list of the prefixes used with ship names (HMS, USS, &c.) see ship prefix. Following the widespead influence of Indian spiritual ideas in the West, the British art teacher Ernest Binfield Havel attempted to reform the teaching methods at the Calcutta School of Art by encouraging students to imitate Mughal miniatures. Naval ship names are typically prefixed by an abbreviation indicating the national navy in which they served. The Bengal school arose as an avant garde and nationalist movement reacting against the academic art styles previously promoted in India, both by Indian artists such as Ravi Varma and in British art schools.

During the age of sail, the vessel categories were divided into the ship of the line, frigate, and sloop-of-war. It was associated with Indian nationalism, but was also promoted and supported by many British arts administrators. There are also support and auxiliary vessels, including the minesweeper, patrol boat, and tender. The Bengal School of Art was an influential style of art that flourished in India during the British Raj in the early 20th century. The categories are: Aircraft Carriers, Battleships, Cruisers, Destroyers,Frigates, Submarines and Amphibious assault ships. Finally, dyes are used to add colors to the figures in the paintings. Modern naval vessels are generally divided into seven main categories. On top of this, the gold foils are pasted.

On occasion, naval vessels have also served as troop carriers or supply ships. Laces or threads are also used to decorate the jewellery. Often, other ships which were not built specifically for warfare, such as the galleon or the armed merchant ships in World War II, did carry armaments. After the drawing is made, decoration of the jewellery and the apparels in the image is done with semi-precious stones. They were designed to withstand damage and to inflict the same, but only carried munitions and supplies for the voyage (rather than merchant cargo). To make the base smoother, a mild abrasive is sometimes used. Historically, naval vessels have been specialized ships that were primarily intended for warfare. Then chalk powder or zinc oxide is mixed with water-soluble adhesive and applied on the base.

. The base consists of a cloth pasted over a wooden base. As the tradition evolved, the number of cannons fired became an indication of the rank of the official being saluted. The first stage involves the making of the preliminary sketch of the image on the base. The British, as the dominant naval power, compelled the ships of weaker nations to make the first salute. The process of making a Tanjore painting involves many stages. When a cannon is fired, it partially disarms the ship, so firing a cannon for no combat reason showed respect and trust. In modern times, these paintings have become a much sought after souvenir during festive occasions in South India.

rThe custom of firing cannon salutes originated in the British Royal Navy. The themes for most of these paintings are Hindu Gods and Goddesses and scenes from Hindu mythology. Later ceremonies employed the casket or crematory urn. These paintings are known for their elegance, rich colours, and attention to detail. After a solemn ceremony, the board was tilted and the body dropped into the deep. The art form dates back to the early 9th Century, a period dominated by the Chola rulers, who encouraged art and literature. (During the age of sail, the final stitch was placed through the nose of the victim, just to make sure they were really dead.) The body was then placed on a pivoting table attached to the outer hull, and shrouded by a national ensign. Tanjore painting is an important form of classical South Indian painting native to the town of Tanjore in Tamil Nadu.

In the past this involved sewing the body up in a shroud that had a weight at one end, often a cannonball. Mughal painting is a particular style of Indian painting, generally confined to illustrations on the book and done in miniatures, and which emerged, developed and took shape during the period of the Mughal Empire 16th -19th centuries). By ancient tradition, corpses on board naval vessels were buried at sea. Brushes used were very fine. [3]. The preparation of desired colours was a lengthy process, sometimes taking weeks. Australia, Canada, Spain and Norway have opened submarine service to women sailors, however. The colours extracted from certain minerals, plant sources, conch shells, and were even derived by processing precious stones, gold and silver were used.

[2] The UK Royal Navy has similar restrictions. Miniatures were the preferred medium of Rajput painting, but several manuscripts also contain Rajput paintings, and paintings were even done on the walls of palaces, inner chambers of the forts, havelies, particularly, the havelis of Shekhawait. Navy are the extended duty tours and close conditions which afford almost no privacy. Rajput paintings depict a number of themes, events of epics like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, Krishna’s life, beautiful landscapes, and humans. The major reasons cited by the U.S. Each Rajput kingdom evolved a distinct style, but with certain common features. submarines. Rajput painting, a style of Indian painting, evolved and flourished, during the 18th century, in the royal courts of Rajputana, India.

Even today, despite their acceptance in many areas of naval service, women are still not permitted to serve on board U.S. The origins of Madhubani painting are shrouded in antiquity, and a tradition states that this style of painting originated at the time of the Ramayana, when King Janak commissioned artists to do paintings at the time of marriage of his daughter, Sita, with Hindu god Lord Ram. In spite of these views, some women did serve on board naval vessels, usually as wives of crewmembers. Madhubani painting is a style of Indian painting, practiced in the Mithila region of Bihar state, India. The only women that were welcomed on board were figureheads mounted on the prow of the ship. But, it is believed that some form of art painting was practiced in that time. To do so would invite a terrible storm that would wreck the ship. India’s Buddhist literature is replete with examples of texts which describe that palaces of kings and aristocratic class were embellished with paintings, but they have not survived.

However, it was long considered bad luck to permit women to sail on board naval vessels. Thereafter, frescoes of Ajanta and Ellora caves appeared. By European tradition, ships have been referred to as a "she". Such works continued and after several millennia, in the 7th century, carved pillars of Ellora, Maharashtra state present a fine example of Indian paintings, and the colors, mostly various shades of red and orange, were derived from minerals. In the United States, in a tradition that dates back to the Revolutionary War, the First Navy Jack is a flag that has the words, "Don't Tread on Me" on the flat. The earliest Indian paintings were the rock paintings of pre-historic times, the petroglyphs as found in places like Bhimbetka, and some of them are older than 5500 BC. it is now used to pipe a senior officer on board the ship - anyone like the captain or more senior. See also Chinese painting, Japanese painting, Korean painting..

The two tones it gives of and the number of blasts given off, signify the order given. Modern and contemporary oriental painting lost its traditional characteristics and has been influenced by western painting movements with little differences for the loss of variety and richness of this art. The piping is done by the ship's bosun and therefore is Known as the Bosun's Whistle. Late 19th century artists like the Impressionists, Van Gogh, James Ensor or Whistler admired traditional oriental painters like Hokusai and Hiroshige and their work was influenced by it. This was original used to give orders on warships when shouted orders could not have been heard. Far east traditional painting is different and sometimes the opposite to western painting, for its water based techniques (orientals excell in watercolour use which only happened, barely, in western culture around the Renaissance and 19th century), a less realistic,"elegant" and more stylized, graphical approach to depiction, the importance of white space(or negative space) and a preference for landscape (instead of human figure) as a subject. Anouther important tradition is that of Piping someone aboard the ship. China, Japan and Korea have a strong tradition in painting which is also highly attached to the art of calligraphy and printmaking (so much that it is commonly seen as painting).

The bell was originally kept polished first by the ship's cook, then later by a person belonging to that division of the ship's personnel. See also Islamic art.. They were also employed as warning devices in heavy fog, and for alarms and ceremonies. In present days, painting by art students or professional artists in arab countries follow the same tendencies of Western culture art. This was historically used to mark the passage of time on board a vessel, including the duration of four-hour watches. Escher was influenced by this geometrical and pattern based art. and other nations) has been the ship's bell. Notable illustrator M.C.

An important tradition on board British naval vessels (and later those of the U.S. Pictorial activity is reduced to the painting of tiles, mainly abstract, with geometrical configuration and strongly connected to calligraphy and can be widely seen in mosques.In fact abstract art is not an invention of modern art but it is present in pre-classical, barbarian and non-western cultures many centuries before it and is essentialy a decorative or applied art. Blue water fleets may require specialized vessels, such as mine sweepers, when operating in the littoral regions along the coast. The depticion of humans, animals or any another figurative subjects is forbidden within Islam to prevent believers from idolatry so there is no painting (or sculpture) tradition within muslim culture. Regional powers may maintain a "green water navy" as a means of localized force projection. See also Art history.. By contrast a "brown water navy" operates in the coastal periphery and along inland waterways, where larger ocean-going naval vessels can not readily enter. This painters cannot be attached to the movements described above and can be seen as outsiders.

Many are also nuclear powered to save having to refuel. Modern art tends to undermine or oposite the traditional painting techniques and subjects,however, in the XXth century important painters continued to pratice a figurative, solid technique painting with contemporary subjects like Edward Hopper, Balthus, Francis Bacon or Lucian Freud. These are ships capable of maintaining station for long periods of time in deep ocean, and will have a long logistical tail for their support. Post-second world war painting renewed Abstract art with artist like Jackson Pollock and Vieira da Silva and has a response to this tendence Pop-Art emerged with names like Andy Warhol and Roy Lichenstein, trying to take popular and mass culture into fine art. A "blue water navy" is designed to operate far from the coastal waters of its home nation. Van Gogh´s painting had great influence in Expressionism wich can be seen in Die Brücke, a group lead by german painter Ernst Kirchner and in Edvard Munch or Egon Schiele´s work. Later these were replaced by the radio transmitter, or the flashing light when radio silence was needed. Modern painting influenced all visual arts, from architecture to design and became a experimental laboratory in wich artists stretched the limits of this medium to his extreme.

At night signal lamps could be used for a similar purpose. After cubism several movements emerged; Futurism (Balla), Abstract (Kandinsky,Blau Reiter, Mondrian), Suprematism (Malevich), Constructivism (Tatlin), Dadaism (Duchamp, Arp) and Surrealism (Dali, Ernst). Prior to the invention of radio, commands from the flag ship were communicated by means of flags. The heritage of painters like Van Gogh, Cezanne and Gauguin was essential for the development of modern art.Picasso made his firt cubist paintings based in the ideia, created by Cezanne, that all depiction of nature can be reduced to three solids: cube, sphere and cone. The commander of a fleet travels in the flag ship, which is usually the most powerful vessel in the group. Monet was strongly influenced by Turner but without the philosophical depth of him. Navy ships normally operate with a group, which may be a small squadron of comparable vessels, or a larger naval fleet of various specialized ships. Impressionism can be taken as an heir of Romanticism, but instead it depicts common landscapes,people in daily or prosaic affairs and has no metaphysics within it.

Nations with historically strong naval forces have found it advantageous to obtain basing rights in areas of strategic interest. In the end of century Impressionism and post-Impressionists like Vincent Van Gogh, Paul Gauguin and Paul Cezanne lead art to modern era. During times of war temporary bases may be constructed in closer proximity to strategic locations, as it is advantageous in terms of patrols and station-keeping. In the second half of 19th century Realism took place and one of his higher exponents was Courbet. The base is a port that is specialized in naval operations, and often includes housing for off-shore crew, an arsenal depot for munitions, docks for the vessels, and various repair facilities. Another major master of this period is Francisco Goya who´s tragic view of the world is in tone with the Romantic feeling and perception. Historically a national navy operates from one or more bases that are maintained by the country or an ally. The major painters of this period are Turner, Caspar David Friedrich and Jonh Constable, along with others like Camille Corot and Arnold Böcklin.

However, a few nations that lacked a navy but were faced with an enemy that was a strong naval power, such as Rome during the Punic wars, built a powerful navy from scratch. Romantic painters turned landscape painting into a major genre, considered until then as minor genre or as a decorative background for compositions in wich human figure took the principal role. Nations that have a significant maritime trade economy have also had an incentive to protect their interests with a potent navy. This movement tend to previligiate landscape and nature instead of human figure and the supremacy of natural order above mankind´s will.There is a pantheist philosophy(see Spinoza and Hegel) and ideals within this conception and opposes,somehow, Enlightenment ideals by seeing mankind´s destiny in a more tragic or pessimistic view.The idea that human being is not above the forces of Nature is in contradiction to Ancient Greece and Renaissance ideals were mankind was above all things and owned his fate.This thinking also lead romantic artist to review Middle Ages not a a dark age but an age of coincidence between God and Mankind´s will and many pictured cathedrals and churches to accent a religious tone. Historically, naval powers have been those countries that have a long coastline and a strong economy. After the decadence of Rococo and has a response to a poor imaginative neo-classicism that grew in late 18th century, a new generation of painters arose with Romanticism. This gives the ship a tactical edge in warfare. Fragonard or Jean Baptiste Boucher paintings can be seen as examples of that.

These ships have a low radar signature and are only detectable at short distances. Rococo remains as a decadent subgenre of Baroque, lighter, often frivol and erotic, demanding less technique. In recent times modern navies are increasingly investing in stealth ships. Other great masters reveal that like Velázquez or Rubens along with theatrical compositions often highly dramatic. The US Navy has indicated it may procure as many as 60 such vessels.[1]. Baroque painting tends to dramatize scenes based in light effects; this can be seen from Caravaggio to Rembrant, Veermer,Le Nain or La Tour. But in recent years, faced with the new requirements, larger navies, notably the US Navy have started developing these capacities as well, by planning and constructing the Littoral Combat Ship. His high contrast paintings along with a realistic and dramatic aproach of human figure, that sometimes are rude in opposite to the idealized figures of Renaissance, shocked his contemporaries and opened a new chapter in the history of painting.

Traditionally, this has been the main focus of some of the smaller European navies, especially the scandinavian navies, such as the Norwegian Navy and the Swedish Navy. Caravaggio is an heir of the humanist painting of Renaissance, with his dramatic view of the world. Since the end of the Cold war, and with the disappearance of the Cold war scenario, there has been a return of focus to ships being able to operate in more coastal environments, in support of operations such as amphibious landings, embargo enforcement, peacekeeping and coastal patrol. Baroque is considered to have three major painters; Caravaggio, Rembrandt and Vermeer. The main consideration is for Carrier Battle Groups (CVBGs). Also the first non religious paintings were made in this period, paintings that depict personal ideas or fantasies of the artist instead of religious imagery or biblical scenes only. One scenario that was the focus of American naval planning during the Cold War was a conflict between two modern and well equipped fleets on the high seas, the clash of the United States and the Soviet Union. In fact easel painting was "invented" in Renaissance and that allowed painting to become independent from architecture and seen as an object with its own value.

In shallow waters, the detection of submarines and mines is especially problematic. Renaissance painting is strongly connected to the revolution of ideas and science (astronomy, geography) that occur in this period, that places human being (instead of God) in the center of thought, the Reformation, and the invention of printing press (Dürer is considered by many to be one of the greatest printmakers ever), and states that painters are not mere artisans but thinkers as well. The presence of land and the bottom topology of an area compress the battle space, limit the opportunities to maneuver, make it easier for an enemy to predict the location of the fleet and make the detection of enemy forces more difficult. Flemish and german painters like Albrecht Dürer, Lucas Cranach, Matthias Grünewald, Van Eyck,Hieronymous Bosch or Pieter Brueghel played an essential role in Renassaince art and represent a different aproach to it for their more realistic, less idealized and more influenced by Middle age art (illuminated manuscripts) than their italian coleagues. This is why a navy prefers the open sea. In Italy artists like Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo Buonarroti, Donatello, Sandro Boticelli, Paolo Ucello, Raphael, Titian took painting to a higher level with the use of perspective, the study of human anatomy and proportions and excellence in drawing and painting techniques. There is also the concept of battle space: a zone around a naval force within which a commander is confident of detecting, tracking, engaging and destroying threats before they pose a danger. Renaissance is said to be by many the Golden Age of painting.

Much time and effort is spent to deny the enemy the chance to detect one's forces. An important form of painting in Middle Ages are illuminated manuscripts.This art was widely used until the invention of printing press and is now what is called illustration. In naval warfare, the key is to detect the enemy while avoiding detection. He was also the master of Giotto that lead this innovations to a higher level and made the foundations to western painting tradition. Movement is a large component of modern combat; a naval fleet can travel hundreds of kilometres in a day. Cimabue, within the byzantine tradition, gave a more realistic and dramatic aproach to his art. The basic idea of all tactics (land, sea and air) is fire and movement: the fulfillment of a mission by the effective delivery of firepower resulting from scouting and the creation of good firing positions. Cimabue and Giotto are considered to be the two great medieval masters in painting in western culture.

The presence of land, changing water depths, weather, detection and electronic warfare, the dreadful speed at which actual combat occurs and other factors — especially air power — render naval tactics truly formidable. The main form of painting in byzantine art is the icon, usually static religious figures in golden backgrounds.Byzantic painting have a particular hieratic feeling and icons were and still are seen as a "reflexion" of the divine. This is not, however, the truth. Byzantine art flourished after the fall the of Constantinople in East Roman Empire in 5th century. This assumes there is no cover, there are no civilians and the area of combat is level and flat. Roman painting has no special caracheter and his a resemblance of greek painting and can be taken as a surviving example of what ancient greece´s painting was. It is tempting to regard modern naval combat as the purest expression of tactics. Apelles is described to be the greatest painter of Antiquity for its perfect technique in drawing, brilliant colour and modeling.

Many leading thinkers, however, suggest that navies are more important today than ever and may even surpass armies once again as the main measure of a nation's military might. His paintings are described to be highly realistic so much that Pliny, The Elder wrote birds tried to eat the grapes of his works. By the late 20th century, naval power had become a major element in the military and strategic power of a country's power projection capabilities, though some would suggest its importance has declined in the wake of the development of military aviation and air power. Zeuxis lived in V/IV BC and said to be the first using sfumato. By the end of World War II, the carrier had become the dominant force of naval warfare. Ancient Greece had its great painters like it had great sculptors and architects, unfortunely no example of their work lasted to our days.What remains are written descriptions of their contemporaries or roman copies.However vase painting can be as a surviving example of what Greek painting was.Some famous greek painters who are refered in texts are Apelles, Zeuxis and Parrhasius. First at Taranto and then in Pearl Harbor, the aircraft demonstrated its ability to strike decisively at enemy ships out of sight and range of surface vessels. Egyptian painting has close connection with his written languange (see pictography) and painting had an essential role in their manuscripts (papyrus).In fact painted symbols are amongst the first forms of written language.

A major paradigm shift in naval warfare occurred with the introduction of the aircraft carrier. Often graphical, more symbolic than realistic, in wich symmetry is a constant charateristic. The X-craft severely damaged her and kept her in port for some months. Ancient Egypt, a civilization that is strongly connected to architecture and artistic forms, had many mural paintings in his temple and buildings. The German battleship Tirpitz, a sister ship of the Bismarck, was almost put out of action by miniature submarines known as X-Craft. Above this theories we can say that painting as well as all other forms of art are strongly connected with religious or spiritual consciousness, they seem to remind us of our spiritual essence and existence and the fact that pre-historical men have done it seems like an unarguable proof of it. During WWII the German Navy's submarine fleet of U-boats almost starved Britain into submission, and inflicted tremendous losses on US coastal shipping. Some sustain that pre-historical men painted animals to "catch" their soul or spirit in order to hunt them more easily, others refer an animistic vision and homage to sorrounding nature and others the basic need of expression that is innate to human being.

The first practical military submarines were developed in the late 1800s and by the end of WWI they had proved to be a powerful arm of naval warfare. Many theories have been written about this paintings with no objective conclusion. A further step change in naval firepower occurred when Britain launched HMS Dreadnought, but naval tactics still emphasised the line of battle. There are examples of cave painting all over the world(France, Spain, Portugal, China, Australia etc.). The battle between the CSS Virginia and the USS Monitor during the American civil war is often cited as the beginning of this age of maritime conflict. They are engraved and painted using red ochre and black pigment and show horses, rhinoceros, lions, buffalo,mammoth or humans often hunting. Another significant improvement came with the invention of the rotating turrets, which allowed the guns to be aimed independently of ship movement. The oldest known paintings are at the Grotte Chauvet in France, claimed by some historians to be about 32,000 years old.

The first armoured vessels, the French FS Gloire and British HMS Warrior, made wooden vessels obsolete. . The increased mass required steam-powered engines, which resulted in an arms race between armor thickness and firepower.
. The next stage in the evolution of naval warfare was the introduction of metal plating along the hull sides. However this is a misunderstood situation so this forms of new media have for their content information not knowledge, wich is an essential difference. These conflicts saw the development and refinement of tactics which came to be called the line of battle. Some say that artistic painting is among the most important of the art forms although the importance of television, advertising and multimedia tends to take his place.

From 1695 the Royal Navy began to more successfully assert itself and throughout the eighteenth century gradually gained increasing ascendancy over the French navy, with victories in the Spanish War of Succession (1701-1714), inconclusive battles in the War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748), victories in the Seven Years War (1754-1763), a reversal during the American War of Independence (1775-1783), and consolidation into uncontested supremacy during the nineteenth century from the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. Drawing is implicit in painting, although is not a synonym. England emerged as a major naval power in the mid seventeenth century in the first Anglo-Dutch war with a technical victory, but successive decisive Dutch victories in the second and third Anglo-Dutch wars confirmed the Dutch mastery of the seas during the Dutch Golden Age, which was financed largely by building the overseas Dutch empire at the expense of the Portuguese. Drawing, by comparison, is the process of making marks on a surface by applying pressure from or moving a tool on the surface.In a wider definition drawing is a graphical representation of reality or ideas.Note that some painters did not have a graphical approach in their work and have not left drawings, like Caravaggio, Velázquez, Turner or Francis Bacon, which does not mean they were not able to. From the 1620s Dutch raiders began to seriously trouble Spanish shipping and finally the Dutch navy broke the long dominance of the Spanish in the Battle of the Downs (1639). Some say that Artistic painting is considered by many to be among the most important of the art forms. The repulsion of the Spanish Armada (1588) by the Anglo-Dutch fleet revolutionised naval warfare by the success of a guns only strategy, and caused a major overhaul of the Spanish navy, partly along English lines, which resulted in even greater dominance by the Spanish. This little and narrowminded concept, based on low discipline or in Duchamp´s (or other radical artists) arguments and works, has been a problem to major public wich often do not understand this academic aproach (or do by fashion,social status or sole financial profit) and tend to see Painting as an art of the past, in wich painters effectevely knew how to draw and paint.

The development of large capacity, sail-powered ships carrying cannon led to a rapid expansion of European navies, especially the Spanish and Portuguese navies, which dominated in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, and ultimately helped propel the age of exploration and colonialism. Modern and contemporary art tend tends to despise the craft of painting and drawing (wich are essentialy linked) in favour of concept, this has lead some to say that painting, as an art, is dead. Warships were designed to carry increasing numbers of cannon, and naval tactics evolved bring a ship's firepower to bear in a broadside, with ships-of-the-line arranged in a line of battle. Examples of this are the works of Jean Dubuffet or Anselm Kiefer and note that the depicting of texture is an important matter in painting. The mass and deck space required to carry a large number of cannon made oar-based propulsion impossible, and ships came to rely primarily on sails. Some modern painters use non-pictorial materials in their paintings, like sand, cement,straw or wood for their texture value. Naval warfare continued in this vein through the Middle Ages until cannon became commonplace and capable of being reloaded quickly enough to be reused in the same battle. Collage is also used in painting.This pratice began with Cubism and other modern art movements, it is not painting in strict sense but the artist uses it(photographs, pieces of printed paper, etc.) has a pictorial object in the composition.

In the time of Ancient Greece and the Roman empire, naval warfare centred around long, narrow vessels powered by banks of oarsmen (such as triremes and quinqueremes) designed to ram and sink enemy vessels, or come alongside the enemy vessel so its occupants could be attacked hand-to-hand. Painting seems innate with human being; young children without training, before pigments or any tool than can make a mark or a spot in a surface, tend to express themselves through it, even if it is naif, rough or even incomprehensible.This form of art attracts immense public (so there is a huge crowd of amateur painters, most of them of very low quality) but it is despised often has a professional choice in today´s society. Prior to the introduction of the cannon, and ships with sufficient capacity to carry the large guns, naval warfare primarily involved ramming and boarding actions. However Painting cannot be reduced to colour in its physical phenomena or as pigment in a surface, like music cannot be reduced to acoustics; it is an universal art form, present in most cultures throught all mankind´s history. Naval warfare first developed whenever humankind conducted fighting from water-borne vessels. Some painters, theoricians, writters and scientists (Goethe, Kandinsky, Newton) have written colour theory. . Colour is the matter of painting like in Music is sound.Colour is highly subjective.Even more than sounds so it cannot precisely be explained by words or symbols.For example, the word "red" does not define the countless tones of red and the dubious description of "blood red" or "crimson red" as a tone is far from being univeral and precise as a C or C# in Music.

. This is done by a painter; this term is used especially if this is his or her profession.Evidence indicates that humans have been painting for about 6 times as long as they have been using written language. This is not the case for every navy, however: some are just for defence such as Japan's navy, part of the JDF (Japanese Defence Force). Painting is the practice of applying pigment suspended in a carrier (or medium) and a binding agent (a glue) to a surface (support) such as paper, canvas or a wall, with a drawing, composition or an expressive intention subjacent to it (this is what differs Painting from painting a fence or a room wall).Painting is also used upon objects like pottery, tiles, textile or even human body itself within tribes who paint their bodies with decorative motifs for their rituals. The strategic task of the navy also may incorporate of nuclear deterance by use of nuclear missiles. War. The strategic defensive purpose of a Navy is to frustrate sea-borne projection-of-force by enemies. Still life.

The strategic offensive role of a Navy is projection-of-force into areas beyond a country's shores (for example, to protect sea-lanes, ferry troops, or attack other navies, ports, or shore installations). Portrait. It includes operations conducted by surface vessels, and Amphibious (ships), submarine vessels, and seaborne aviation, as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields; recent developments have included space-related operations. Landscape. A navy (often Navy) is the branch of a country's military forces principally designated for naval warfare and amphibious warfare (marines) namely lake- or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions. Industrial. Aubrey–Maturin series by Patrick O'Brian. Illustration.

Forester. Figure painting. S. Botanical. Hornblower series by C. Bodegon. Tom Clancy, The Hunt for Red October. Allegory.

Fiction: