Moto Guzzi

. Note:- Please add all Novae brighter than 6 mag ( http://www.tsm.toyama.toyama.jp/curators/aroom/var/nova/1600.htm ). At the end of 1957 Moto Guzzi, Gilera and Mondial (the most important Italian Racing motorcycles manufacturers) agreed to stop participation to competitions.
. (not complete). Berlin: Springer, 2003. The 2004 Breva 750, 2005 Breva 1100 and Griso 1100, 2006 Norge 1200 are all-new motorcycles with competitive engineering and design, allthough the strong heritage/image seems to be the key to survival for the small Italian manufacturer by the romantic Como lake. 229-241.

The investments made by recent owners seem to bear fruit, as new models are now (2006) appearing at a rate not seen in recent years. Lecture Notes: Stellar Candles for the Extragalactic Distance Scale. Robert Gilmozzi and Massimo Della Valle, "Novae as Distance Indicators", pp. In 2004 the Piaggio group took over Aprilia forming Europe's biggest two wheel manufacturer. Gieren, eds. A period of increasing control by an American investment group in the '90s was put to an end by the takeover by a competitive manufacturer, Aprilia, in 2000. (2) Alloin, D., and W. After financial troubles since the late '60s, the factory was bought by the Argentinian industrialist Alejandro de Tomaso in 1972. Conceptual Astronomy New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1993.

Later models have improved greatly on the service intervals (today between 8,000-10,000 km). (1) Zeilik, Michael. After 1975 (from late T models) all models were equipped with a proper oil filter, which helps considerably on longevity, compared to the early models which merely had a sieve. Comparisons of nova-based distance estimates to various nearby galaxies and galaxy clusters with those done with Cepheid variable stars have shown them to be of comparable accuracy.(2). The service interval of the older models is 3000 km and if this schedule is maintained the engine, partly due to its simplicity, will last. Novae also have roughly the same absolute magnitude 15 days after their peak (-5.5). Several machines have clocked over 200,000 miles with basic maintenance. For instance, the distribution of their absolute magnitude is bimodal, with a main peak at magnitude -7.5, and a lesser one at -8.8.

Although many regard Guzzis as old fashioned, it has been observed that a well maintained Guzzi engine can prove to be highly reliable. Novae have some promise for use as standard candles. The combination of European performance and manouverability coupled with laid back American styling has secured this model its cult following all over the world. In this work he argued that a nearby object should be seen to move relative to the fixed stars, and that the nova had to be very far away. police deparment. The astronomer Tycho Brahe observed the supernova SN 1572 in the constellation Cassiopeia, and described it in his book de stella nova (Latin for "concerning the new star"), giving rise to the name nova. The first model appeared in 1972, and was based on a model sold to the L.A. This nova appeared on August 29, 1975 in the constellation Cygnus about five degrees north of Deneb and reached magnitude 2.0 (nearly as bright as Deneb).

In the '80s and '90s the California models were the biggest sellers. The most recent example was Nova Cygni 1975. All the machines in this series are highly regarded for their styling and performance. Occasionally a nova is bright enough and close enough to be conspicuous to the unaided eye. Early models use 36 or 40 mm Dellorto carburetors but the late model V11 Le Mans are fuel injected. Supernovae in general, however, involve different processes as well as much higher energies, and should not be confused with ordinary novae. All models have shaft drive. This is somewhat similar to a type Ia supernova.

The first two models had rounded barrels while the latter have squared barrels. Eventually, however, either the companion star will run out of material, or the white dwarf will undergo a nova so powerful that it is completely destroyed in the process. The I, II and III are 850 cc, the IV and V are 1000 cc and the V11 Le Mans is 1064 cc. An example is RS Ophiuchi, which is known to have flared five times (in 1898, 1933, 1958, 1967, and 1985). Six versions of the Le Mans have been produced, designated I, II, III, IV, V and V11 Le Mans. A white dwarf can potentially generate multiple novae over time as additional hydrogen continues to accrete onto its surface from its companion star. When the Le Mans debuted in 1976 it was among the 5 best performing road bikes available. Nonetheless, the accreted matter is blown off the star at velocities as high as several thousand kilometers per second, with a concurrent rise in luminosity from a few times solar to 50,000-100,000 times solar.(1).

With it's disc brakes and additional displacement, the 850 Le Mans lived up to the promise of the V7 Sport. In spite of their violence, the amount of material ejected in novae is usually only about 1/10,000th of a solar mass, quite small relative to the mass of the white dwarf. The V7 Sport was planned as the first five speed, 200 kg, 200 kmph, production motorcycle. The rise to peak brightness can be very rapid (as in fast novae) or gradual (as in slow novae); after the peak the brightness declines steadily.[1]. This model was a further development of the 1971 750 V7 Sport designed by Guzzi engineer Lino Tonti. The enormous amount of energy liberated by this process blows the remaining gases away from the white dwarf's surface and produces an extremely bright outburst of light. One of it's most famous machines has been the Le Mans. Eventually, the pressures and temperatures within the hydrogen layer becomes great enough to trigger a nuclear fusion reaction that rapidly converts a large amount of the hydrogen into helium and other heavier elements.

The company has produced over fifty models since its inception. The white dwarf consists of degenerate matter, and so is largely unresponsive to heat, while the accreted hydrogen is not. This design was the basis for the 750 Breva and Nevada engines. The gases are compacted on the white dwarf's surface by its intense gravity, compressed and heated to very high temperatures as additional material is drawn in. In 1979 a small block version was introduced as the V50. The captured gases consist primarily of hydrogen and helium, the two principal constituents of matter in the universe. This original engine has been continuously developed into the 1200 cc 80 hp versions offered today (2006). The companion may be a main sequence star, or one that is aging and expanding into a red giant.

The sturdy V-twin easily won and saved the firm from extinction. If a white dwarf has a close companion star that overflows its Roche lobe, the white dwarf will steadily accrete gas from the star's outer atmosphere. This engine was designed to win a competition for a new police bike sponsored by the Italian government. . The air-cooled, transverse V-twin, pushrod engine started out with 700 cc displacement and 45 hp. novae) is a cataclysmic nuclear explosion caused by the accretion of hydrogen onto the surface of a white dwarf star. The original V-twin was designed in the early '60s by engineer Giulio Cesare Carcano, designer of the fabulous V8 racer. A nova (pl.

The company currently specializes in 90° V-twin engines. Under the Morgan-Keenan spectral classification scheme, novae are classified as Type-Q. The horizontal single, and from the seventies the V2, has been the official motorcycle of Italy. T Pyxidis. Historically, much of Moto Guzzi's production has gone to the Italian army and police. T Coronae Borealis. Though relatively modest for Guzzis, these, and all other models were relatively upmarket and high quality in their corner of the market. RS Ophiuchi.

A 4 stroke 175 cc scooter known as the "Galetto" was a stable seller as well. The '46 "Motoleggera", a 65 cc lightweight motorcycle became hugely popular in postwar Italy. The solution was production of cheap lightweights. The period after World War 2, was difficult in Mandello del Lario as elsewhere in post war Europe.

At the same time the official racing team and private racers were furnished with all sorts of racing machines which included a plethora of overhead cam, multiple valve configurations and cylinder designs, culminating in the mythic 500 cc dohc V8 that ended the Guzzi racing era in 1957, when the factory withdrew from racing for financial reasons. Until the mid '40s, the traditional horizontal four stroke single cylinder 500 cc engines outfitted with one overhead and one side valve were the most performance orientated machines that Moto Guzzi sold to the general public. Moto Guzzi won 3,329 official races, 14 World Championships and 11 times the Tourist Trophy. From the beginning the company used racing to promote their brand.

The engineer, and co-founder, Carlo Guzzi's first design was a horizontal single, that in a number of guises dominated the first 45 years of the company's history. From the '30s it was the biggest, and until the '60s, it was the dominant marque amongst Italian motorcycle manufacturers. . Moto Guzzi is an Italian motorcycle manufacturer that was established in 1921 in Mandello del Lario by the Como Lake at the foot of the alps in northern Italy.

MGS-01 Corsa (1225 cc) 2004 -. Otto Cilindri (500 cc) 1955 - 1957. Bialbero (350 cc) 1954 - 1957. Bialbero (250 cc) 1953 - 1955.

Quattro Cilindri (500 cc) 1952 - 1954. Gambalunghino (250 cc) 1949 - 1952. Gambalunga (500 cc) 1946 - 1951. Dondolino (500 cc) 1946 - 1951.

Bicilindrica (500 cc) 1933 - 1951. Albatros (250 cc ) 1928 - 1933. 250 cc Compressore 1938. 250 cc SS 1928 - 1933.

C 4V (500 cc) 1924 - 1927. Norge 1200 (1134 cc) 2005 -. Griso (1064 cc) 2005 -. Breva V1100 (1064 cc) 2005 -.

Breva V750 i.e. (744 cc) 2002 -. V11 - V11 Le Mans (1064 cc) 1998 -. California Vintage (1064 cc) 2005 -. California - California EV (1064 cc).

Stone - Stone Touring (1064 cc). Nevada Classic 750 i.e. (744 cc). V11 Sport (1064 cc) 1998 - 2001. Quota 1100 ES (1064) 1998 - 2001.

V10 Centauro (992 cc) 1998 - 2001. 1100 Sport (1064 cc) 1994 - 1997. Daytona 1000 IE (992 c) 1991 - 1999. Nevada 350 (346,2 cc) 1991 - 2001.

1000 GT (949 cc) 1987 - 1993. California III (948,8 cc) 1987 - 1993. Le Mans 1000 (948,8 cc) 1984 - 1988. V65 Lario (643,4 cc) 1984 - 1989.

850 T5 (844,05 cc) 1983 - 1987. V35 Custom (346,2 cc) 1982 - 1987. V65 (643,4 cc) 1982 - 1987. California II (948,8 c) 1981 - 1987.

Le Mans III (844 cc) 1980 - 1985. V50 Monza (490,29 cc) 1980 - 1985. V1000 Idroconvert (948,8 cc) 1971 - 1980. V35 (346,2 cc) 1977 - 1980.

V50 (490,29) 1977 - 1979. 1000 SP (948,8 cc) 1977 - 1985. V850 Le Mans (844,05 cc) 1975 - 1980. Nuovo Falcone 500 (499 cc) 1971 - 1976.

V7 750 Sport (748,39 cc) 1971 - 1973. V7 Special 750 (757,49 cc) 1968 - 1974. V7 700cc (703,72 cc) 1967 - 1977. Trotter Special M (48,89 cc) 1966 - 1973.

Dingo 4 marce (48,89 cc) 1963 - 1976. Dingo 3 marce (48,89 cc) 1963 - 1976. Stornello 125 cc (123,1 cc) 1960 - 1975. Lodola Sport (175 cc) 1956 - 1966.

Zigolo (98 cc) 1953 - 1966. Cardellino 73 cc (73 cc) 1956 - 1965. Galletto 160 cc (159,5 cc) 1950 - 1966. Falcone (498,4 cc) 1950 - 1967.

Astore (498,4 cc) 1949 - 1953. Motoleggera 65 cc (64 cc) 1946 - 1954. Dondolino 500 cc (499 cc) 1946 - 1951. Airone (246 cc) 1939 - 1957.

Alce (498,4 cc) 1939 - 1945. GTS (498,4 cc) 1934 - 1940. GT 17 500 cc (499 cc) 1932 - 1939. Sport 15 (498,4 cc) 1931 - 1939.

Sport 14 (498,4 cc) 1929 - 1930. GT "Norge" (498,4 cc) 1928 - 1930. Sport 15 (498,4 cc) 1923 - 1928. Normale (498,4 cc) 1921 - 1924.