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Ford Model T

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The Model T (colloquially known as the Tin Lizzie and the Flivver) was an automobile produced by Henry Ford's Ford Motor Company from 1908 through 1927. It is generally regarded as the first affordable automobile, the car which "put America on wheels"; this was due to some of Ford's innovations, including assembly line production instead of individual hand crafting, as well as the concept of paying the workers a wage proportionate to the cost of the car, so that they would provide a ready made market. The first production Model T was built on September 27, 1908 at the Piquette Plant in Detroit, Michigan. Cars built before 1919 are classed as veteran cars and later models vintage cars.

There were several cars produced or prototyped by Henry Ford from the founding of the company in 1903 until the Model T came along. Although he started at the Model A, there were not 19 production models; some were only prototypes. The production model immediately before the Model T was the Ford Model S [1], an upgraded version of the company's largest success to that point, the Model N. For some reason, the follow-on was the Model A and not the Model U.

Characteristics

The Ford Model T car was designed by Henry Ford, Childe Harold Wills and two Hungarian emigrants named Joseph A. Galamb and Eugene Farkas. The revolutionary Model T factory assembly line system was introduced to Ford Motor Company by William C. Klann upon his return from visiting a Chicago slaughterhouse. He reported the idea of an assembly line to Peter E. Martin who seemed dubious at the time but encouraged him to proceed. Others at Ford have claimed to have put the idea forth to Henry Ford. The assembly line concept was an evolution by trial and error of a team. The team consisted primarily of Peter E. Martin, the factory superintendent; Charles E. Sorensen, Martin's assistant; Harold Wills,draftsman and toolmaker; Clarence W. Avery, Charles Lewis.1 2 3

Engine and Means of Starting

The Model T had a front-mounted, 177 in³ (2.9 L) 4 cylinder motor in a block producing 20 horsepower (15 kW) for a top speed of 45 mph (72 km/h). The engine had side valves and 3 main bearings. Recent accounts credit the default-configuration Model T with fuel economy on the order of 25 to 30 miles per gallon.

It was started by a hand crank in front which took more effort than most women could exert, and could kick back and break the operator's arm if he forgot to retard the spark and was foolish enough to push the crank downwards rather than pulling it up. Without an electric starting system to supply current for the ignition, a unique magneto system was used (which produced only a low voltage which had to be stepped up by a coil); in order to assure easier starting, however, a self-contained dry cell powered system could be manually switched in, then back to magneto for high speed operation. A virtue of this system was that it would still run if the batteries died, although starting with the crank became even more difficult on magneto.

The resulting spark was routed to the proper spark plug by a timer mounted on top of the ignition, the ancestor of the modern distributor; ignition timing was adjusted manually by rotating this component by a lever mounted on the steering column. A certain amount of skill and experience was required to find the optimal choice of magneto or battery and the optimal timing for any speed and load. In keeping with the goal of ultimate reliability and simplicity, this system was retained even after the car became equipped with batteries for the lighting system.

The car's 10 gallon fuel tank was mounted to the frame beneath the front seat; one variant had the carburetor modified to run on ethyl alcohol, to be made at home by the self-reliant farmer.

Transmission and Drivetrain

Its transmission was a planetary gear type billed as "three speed", although by today's standards it would be considered a two speed, in that one speed was actually reverse. Ironically, one feature of the car would be considered relatively state of the art today; there was no clutch pedal. Shifting was accomplished by means of floor pedals with no clutching required (throttle control was maintained by a lever on the steering column). To disengage the drivetrain, neutral was located by the parking/emergency brake lever, pulling the hand lever back engaged the brake while disengaging the drive gears. The drive bands would sometimes fall out of adjustment, allowing the car to creep, particularly when cold, adding yet another hazard to attempting to start the car; that of the person cranking being forced backward while still holding the crank as the car crept forward even though it was nominally in neutral. Reverse gear was engaged by one of three foot pedals. Power reached the differential through a single universal joint attached to a torque tube which drove the rear axle; some models (typically trucks) could be equipped with an optional two speed rear axle shifted by a floor mounted lever. All gears were vanadium steel running in an oil bath.

Suspension and Wheels

Model T suspension employed a transversely mounted semi-elliptical spring for each of the front and rear axles, which were "live," i.e., not an independent suspension. The front axle was drop forged as a single piece of vanadium steel. This steel was so superior to other manufacturers that Henry twisted many axles eight times and sent them to dealers to be put on display. The Model T did not have a service brake as we know it. One of the three foot pedals applied a band around a drum in the transmission, thus stopping the rear wheels from turning. The previously mentioned parking brake lever operated band brakes on the outside of the rear brake drums.

Wheels were wooden "artillery wheels", with steel wire wheels available in 1926 and 27 from Ford. Tires were pneumatic 30 inches in diameter, 3.5 inches wide in the rear, 3 inches in the front. The old nomenclature for tire size changed from 30X3 to 21" (rim diameter) X 4.50 (tire width). Wheelbase was 99 inches; while standard tread width was 56 inches, 60 inch tread could be obtained on special order, "for Southern roads".

Coachwork and Summation


There were few major changes throughout the life of this model; early ones had a brass radiator and headlights. The horn and numerous small parts were also brass. Many of the early cars were open-bodied touring cars and roadsters, these being cheaper to make than closed cars. The early cars did not have an opening door for the driver. Later models included closed cars, sedans, coupes and trucks. The chassis was available so trucks could be built to suit. Ford also developed some truck bodies for this chassis. The headlights were originally acetylene lamps made of brass, but eventually the car gained electric lights.

As can be seen, the Model T originally employed some advanced technology; e.g., its use of vanadium steel. Its durability was phenomenal with many Model Ts and their parts still in use 80 years later.

Production

Ford's Piquette plant could not keep up with demand for the Model T and only 11 cars were built there during the first full month of production. In 1910, after assembling nearly 12,000 Model Ts, Henry Ford moved the company to the new Highland Park complex. The Model T was the first automobile mass produced on assembly lines with completely interchangeable parts, marketed to the middle class. Henry Ford is commonly reputed to have made the statement "Any customer can have a car painted any color that he wants so long as it is black." Actually, Model Ts in different colors were produced from 1908 to 1914, and then again from 1926 to 1927; however, to speed assembly, between 1915 and 1925 it was only available in black. Black paint, Japan Black, was cheaper and only later it was replaced by pyroxylin lacquers.

By 1914, the assembly process for the Model T had been so streamlined it took only 93 minutes to assemble a car. That year Ford produced more cars than all other automakers combined. The Model T was a great commercial success, and by the time Henry made his 10 millionth car, 9 out of 10 of all cars in the entire world were Fords. In fact, it was so successful that Ford did not purchase any advertising between 1917 and 1923; in total, more than 15 million Model Ts were manufactured, more than any other model of automobile for almost a century.

It was sold in the beginning at a price of $850 when competing cars often cost $2000-$3000. By the 1920s the price had fallen to $300 (about $3,300 in 2005 inflation-adjusted dollars) because of increasing efficiencies of assembly line technique and volume. Henry employed vertical integration of the industries need to create his cars. He specified how to make the wood crates that outside suppliers used to ship him parts. Then he disassembled the crates and used the preformed wood pieces in the bodies of his cars. He also used wood scraps to make charcoal and sold it under the brand name "Kingsford", still a leading brand of charcoal. Read the history of Kingsford on the back of the package.

On May 27, 1927, Ford Motor Company stopped manufacturing Model T cars. However Model T motors continued to be produced until August 4, 1941. Almost 170,000 motors were built after car production ceased. Many steel Model T parts are still manufactured today, and even fibreglass replicas of their distinctive bodies, which are popular for T-bucket style hot rods (as immortalized in the Jan and Dean surf music song, "Bucket T", which was later recorded by The Who).

Notes

Note 1: First hand account of Charles Sorensen from his autobiography, My Forty Years with Ford (1956)[2] Note 2: Essay by Stephen C. Perry, Gardner-Webb University (Published May 8, 2000) Note 3: Douglas Brinkley, Wheels for the World, 2003


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Perry, Gardner-Webb University (Published May 8, 2000) Note 3: Douglas Brinkley, Wheels for the World, 2003. Many illegal/pirated GBA games were also sold through mall giants such as SM. Note 1: First hand account of Charles Sorensen from his autobiography, My Forty Years with Ford (1956)[2] Note 2: Essay by Stephen C. One in the city of Manila and another at the Festival Super Mall in Filinvest, Alabang, Muntinlupa City. Many steel Model T parts are still manufactured today, and even fibreglass replicas of their distinctive bodies, which are popular for T-bucket style hot rods (as immortalized in the Jan and Dean surf music song, "Bucket T", which was later recorded by The Who). Apparently Nintendo of Japan never took legal action against the Philippine Nintendo retailer, which currently has two branches in Metro Manila. Almost 170,000 motors were built after car production ceased. Most of the games it sells to the public are pirated.

However Model T motors continued to be produced until August 4, 1941. The illegal Philippine "Nintendo" sells many kinds of electronics as well as video games, including Sony PlayStation and Microsoft Xbox hardware and software. On May 27, 1927, Ford Motor Company stopped manufacturing Model T cars. In addition, the retailer also uses Nintendo's logo clearly displayed on its stores. Read the history of Kingsford on the back of the package. In the Philippines, an electronics retailing chain operates under Nintendo's name, apparently illegal in nature since the Nintendo brand is trademarked by the video game giant. He also used wood scraps to make charcoal and sold it under the brand name "Kingsford", still a leading brand of charcoal. in Suzhou, China, a company that sells Nintendo products only in mainland China.

Then he disassembled the crates and used the preformed wood pieces in the bodies of his cars. Nintendo has also founded iQue, Ltd. He specified how to make the wood crates that outside suppliers used to ship him parts. Nintendo of Australia, its Australian division, is based in Scoresby, Melbourne, Victoria, and Nintendo Europe, the European division, is based in Großostheim, Germany. Henry employed vertical integration of the industries need to create his cars. (NOCL) is a based in Richmond, British Columbia, with its own distribution centre in Toronto, Ontario. By the 1920s the price had fallen to $300 (about $3,300 in 2005 inflation-adjusted dollars) because of increasing efficiencies of assembly line technique and volume. Nintendo of Canada, Ltd.

It was sold in the beginning at a price of $850 when competing cars often cost $2000-$3000. Nintendo of America (NOA), its American division, is based in Redmond, Washington with distribution centers in Atlanta, Georgia, and North Bend, Washington. In fact, it was so successful that Ford did not purchase any advertising between 1917 and 1923; in total, more than 15 million Model Ts were manufactured, more than any other model of automobile for almost a century. Nintendo Co., Ltd (NCL), the main branch of the company, is based in Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. The Model T was a great commercial success, and by the time Henry made his 10 millionth car, 9 out of 10 of all cars in the entire world were Fords. Its first project is an adaption of the Hyakunin Isshu poem anthology. That year Ford produced more cars than all other automakers combined. On November 2004, Hiroshi Yamauchi announced that Nintendo would start making anime.

By 1914, the assembly process for the Model T had been so streamlined it took only 93 minutes to assemble a car. Nintendo has close ties with or owns stock in these companies and has them make games with their franchises:. Black paint, Japan Black, was cheaper and only later it was replaced by pyroxylin lacquers. However, Nintendo felt Rare's influence was lagging, so it put the company up for bids and sold off all of its shares to Microsoft in 2002. Henry Ford is commonly reputed to have made the statement "Any customer can have a car painted any color that he wants so long as it is black." Actually, Model Ts in different colors were produced from 1908 to 1914, and then again from 1926 to 1927; however, to speed assembly, between 1915 and 1925 it was only available in black. Rare used to be half-owned by Nintendo, and was an exclusive second-party. The Model T was the first automobile mass produced on assembly lines with completely interchangeable parts, marketed to the middle class. Nintendo may also own majority stock in these companies:.

In 1910, after assembling nearly 12,000 Model Ts, Henry Ford moved the company to the new Highland Park complex. These second-party game companies have contracts with Nintendo to only make games for Nintendo and not its competitors. Ford's Piquette plant could not keep up with demand for the Model T and only 11 cars were built there during the first full month of production. Related article: Franchises established on Nintendo systems. Its durability was phenomenal with many Model Ts and their parts still in use 80 years later. See also Nintendo people. As can be seen, the Model T originally employed some advanced technology; e.g., its use of vanadium steel. It will be available in Japan on 2nd of March, featuring two new and brighter screens (with four adjustable levels of brightness), a sleeker and smaller case and a different buttons layout.

The headlights were originally acetylene lamps made of brass, but eventually the car gained electric lights. On January 26th 2006 Nintendo introduced a redesign for their handheld, called Nintendo DS Lite. Ford also developed some truck bodies for this chassis. [2]. The chassis was available so trucks could be built to suit. It has sold over 4 million units in the US alone, and another 5.5 million in Japan. Later models included closed cars, sedans, coupes and trucks. Currently, the Nintendo DS had sold more than 14.4 million units worldwide, easily out-selling the PSP and other rivals.

The early cars did not have an opening door for the driver. Nintendo UK also announced plans for over 7500 British Wi-Fi hotspots, including McDonald's restaurants, football stadiums, hotels, motorway service stations, railway stations, student unions, airports, and libraries. Many of the early cars were open-bodied touring cars and roadsters, these being cheaper to make than closed cars. As of November 14th in America, November 25th in Great Britain and on December 28th in Dublin, the launch of their Nintendo DS Internet gaming service, over 6,000 McDonald's Restaurants nationwide will become free Wi-Fi hot-spots. The horn and numerous small parts were also brass. As of October 18th, 2005, Nintendo has partnered up with Wayport to bring free Wi-Fi access to Nintendo DS owners.
There were few major changes throughout the life of this model; early ones had a brass radiator and headlights. The online service is very different from that of its competitors' because it is free to consumers who already have an internet connection at home or know of a Wi-Fi hotspot.

Wheelbase was 99 inches; while standard tread width was 56 inches, 60 inch tread could be obtained on special order, "for Southern roads". At the Game Developers Conference, Nintendo announced that they would be launching an online service for the Nintendo DS called Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection, allowing multiplayer gaming over the Internet. The old nomenclature for tire size changed from 30X3 to 21" (rim diameter) X 4.50 (tire width). This means that the Nintendo DS can play Game Boy Advance games, but it can't play any other of the earlier games, like the Game Boy Color. Tires were pneumatic 30 inches in diameter, 3.5 inches wide in the rear, 3 inches in the front. The DS can also play software designed originally for the Game Boy Advance, though since the DS lacks the serial port from earlier systems in favor of the newer wireless connection, no legacy games can be played in a networked form. Wheels were wooden "artillery wheels", with steel wire wheels available in 1926 and 27 from Ford. Included in the system's firmware is a whiteboard-able local WAN instant messaging client without identity called "Pictochat," and all editions of the system have bundled either the demonstration version of Metroid: Prime Hunters or the commercial versions of Super Mario 64, Mario Kart DS, or Nintendogs, with Mario Kart DS, Super Mario 64 DS, and Metroid Prime: Hunters: First Hunt having local wireless play.

The previously mentioned parking brake lever operated band brakes on the outside of the rear brake drums. It also features a built in microphone and the ability to connect up to 16 Nintendo DS systems together wirelessly. One of the three foot pedals applied a band around a drum in the transmission, thus stopping the rear wheels from turning. The Nintendo DS features two backlit LCD screens, the bottom of which is touch sensitive, which can create a unique style of gameplay. The Model T did not have a service brake as we know it. It has also proven to be the fastest-selling console in European history, having sold over 1 million units in six months (250,000 of those units in Great Britain alone). This steel was so superior to other manufacturers that Henry twisted many axles eight times and sent them to dealers to be put on display. In the U.S., shipments of the DS reached 500,000 within the first week, and in Japan, the figures were even more impressive, reaching the same figure within four days of its launch.

The front axle was drop forged as a single piece of vanadium steel. Nintendo released their Nintendo DS handheld game console first in the United States on November 21, 2004, then in Japan on December 2 2004 and later on March 11, 2005 in Europe. Model T suspension employed a transversely mounted semi-elliptical spring for each of the front and rear axles, which were "live," i.e., not an independent suspension. The Game Boy line already sold more than 200 million units worldwide. All gears were vanadium steel running in an oil bath. The Pokémon phenomena helped and continue to help rocket Game Boy sales all around the world. Power reached the differential through a single universal joint attached to a torque tube which drove the rear axle; some models (typically trucks) could be equipped with an optional two speed rear axle shifted by a floor mounted lever. Slowing sales of the Game Boy were remedied by the introduction of the Pokémon game, which started a phenomenon of top selling video games, movies, merchandise, and TV shows.

Reverse gear was engaged by one of three foot pedals. Due to low battery consumption, durability, and a library of over a thousand games, the Game Boy line has been on the top of the portable console market and Nintendo has been the dominant market leader since it's inception in 1989. The drive bands would sometimes fall out of adjustment, allowing the car to creep, particularly when cold, adding yet another hazard to attempting to start the car; that of the person cranking being forced backward while still holding the crank as the car crept forward even though it was nominally in neutral. The Game Boy has been known for putting over a dozen other portable systems out of business (including Nintendo's other attempts such as the Virtual Boy). To disengage the drivetrain, neutral was located by the parking/emergency brake lever, pulling the hand lever back engaged the brake while disengaging the drive gears. Game Boy Evolution refers to the as-yet-unannounced successor to the Game Boy Advance. Shifting was accomplished by means of floor pedals with no clutching required (throttle control was maintained by a lever on the steering column). With several redesigns and improvements, including Pocket, Light, Color, Advance, Advance SP, and Micro versions, the Game Boy is the single most successful, and oldest portable video game platform still in production.

Ironically, one feature of the car would be considered relatively state of the art today; there was no clutch pedal. Introduced in 1989, and continuing strong today, were Nintendo's portable Game Boy systems. Its transmission was a planetary gear type billed as "three speed", although by today's standards it would be considered a two speed, in that one speed was actually reverse. Main articles/the Nintendo handheld console lineage:. The car's 10 gallon fuel tank was mounted to the frame beneath the front seat; one variant had the carburetor modified to run on ethyl alcohol, to be made at home by the self-reliant farmer. It has also been confirmed that the console will have the capability to be connected to a standard television, as well as a computer display. In keeping with the goal of ultimate reliability and simplicity, this system was retained even after the car became equipped with batteries for the lighting system. The Revolution is confirmed to be able to play DVDs out-of-the-box, but an additionally purchased dongle is required to enable this feature.

A certain amount of skill and experience was required to find the optimal choice of magneto or battery and the optimal timing for any speed and load. As well, it will also be backward compatible with GameCube discs, and will boast a "docking station" for GameCube accessories. The resulting spark was routed to the proper spark plug by a timer mounted on top of the ignition, the ancestor of the modern distributor; ignition timing was adjusted manually by rotating this component by a lever mounted on the steering column. Thus far, it has been confirmed that the Revolution will be able to play NES, SNES, and N64 games, which will be downloadable for a fee through the Internet via Nintendo's online service, which will also offer downloadable demos for Revolution and quite possibly the Nintendo DS. A virtue of this system was that it would still run if the batteries died, although starting with the crank became even more difficult on magneto. More info is confirmed to be revealed at E3 2006. Without an electric starting system to supply current for the ignition, a unique magneto system was used (which produced only a low voltage which had to be stepped up by a coil); in order to assure easier starting, however, a self-contained dry cell powered system could be manually switched in, then back to magneto for high speed operation. The true specs are not known and it is not known if it will be graphically equal or comparable to those of the Xbox 360 or Playstation 3.

It was started by a hand crank in front which took more effort than most women could exert, and could kick back and break the operator's arm if he forgot to retard the spark and was foolish enough to push the crank downwards rather than pulling it up. Nintendo is not focusing primarily on graphics for the new generation, but instead will concentrate on the quality of gameplay. Recent accounts credit the default-configuration Model T with fuel economy on the order of 25 to 30 miles per gallon. 480p resolution will be standard however on every game (1 step lower than HD but better than Standard resolution). The engine had side valves and 3 main bearings. Nintendo has also confirmed that the Revolution will not support High Definition, unlike Sony and Microsoft. The Model T had a front-mounted, 177 in³ (2.9 L) 4 cylinder motor in a block producing 20 horsepower (15 kW) for a top speed of 45 mph (72 km/h). So far Nintendo has shown an analogue stick (called "nunchuck" by NCL president Iwata during the 2005 TGS keynote) that can connect to that port and can be used concurrently with the main controller.

Avery, Charles Lewis.1 2 3. The controller additionally features a port located on the bottom which several accessories may use. Sorensen, Martin's assistant; Harold Wills,draftsman and toolmaker; Clarence W. One of the many (though mostly still unknown) revolutionary aspects of the system comes from its unconventional controller, which in its basic form is shaped like a television remote control and includes a number of features, most notably, the direct pointing device which allows the system to understand six directions of movement (up, down, left, right, forward, and backward) and it can sense the angle of the controller. Martin, the factory superintendent; Charles E. The console is Nintendo's sleekest and smallest yet, about the size of three DVD cases stacked on top of each other; however, Nintendo has stated that the unveiled system is a prototype and the final product may be even smaller. The team consisted primarily of Peter E. With Revolution, Nintendo has made their plans clear that they hope to change the way people watch and play video games by taking gaming into a new direction instead of merely upgrading hardware for the benefit of graphics.

The assembly line concept was an evolution by trial and error of a team. As with other console manufacturers in the industry, Nintendo is currently developing a new game console, codenamed "Revolution", that is expected to be released in 2006 for somewhere under $300 USD. Others at Ford have claimed to have put the idea forth to Henry Ford. As of June 2005, Nintendo has sold 20.61 million GameCubes worldwide. Martin who seemed dubious at the time but encouraged him to proceed. Commentators have noted that while both Sony and Microsoft are losing money from every console they sell, Nintendo makes a profit from every GameCube sold, but this is little reassurance to Nintendo fans who are not investors in the company. He reported the idea of an assembly line to Peter E. In Australia it is in last place [1].

Klann upon his return from visiting a Chicago slaughterhouse. In the current console war, it is in firm second place behind the Sony Playstation 2 in Japan, while taking third place behind the Microsoft Xbox in the American and European markets. The revolutionary Model T factory assembly line system was introduced to Ford Motor Company by William C. The GameCube also saw the return of Square Enix, the home of the flagship Final Fantasy series, as they released another Final Fantasy spinoff called Final Fantasy: Crystal Chronicles for the now DVD-ROM functional GameCube as well as Final Fantasy Tactics Advance for the Game Boy Advance. Galamb and Eugene Farkas. Eventually Capcom backed out and allowed the Resident Evil titles to be released on the PS2 system, including the once GameCube exclusive Resident Evil 4. The Ford Model T car was designed by Henry Ford, Childe Harold Wills and two Hungarian emigrants named Joseph A. Nintendo had also gained exclusivity rights for the Resident Evil series and Capcom has released several GameCube-only Resident Evil titles, including Resident Evil 4 which is critically acclaimed to be the best in the series.

. The GameCube also revived the Metroid series with the release of Metroid Prime and its direct sequel, Metroid Prime 2: Echoes; although the games are no longer in the same style as the older Metroid games with the introduction of three dimensional graphics and a first-person shooter style. For some reason, the follow-on was the Model A and not the Model U. The Nintendo GameCube is also responsible for several new franchises, including Pikmin, Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem, and P.N.03. The production model immediately before the Model T was the Ford Model S [1], an upgraded version of the company's largest success to that point, the Model N. Nintendo continued many of their popular franchises on the system, including Mario, The Legend of Zelda, Star Fox, Metroid, and Super Smash Bros.. Although he started at the Model A, there were not 19 production models; some were only prototypes. The European launch boasted 20 titles at launch, which included Star Wars: Rogue Squadron 2: Rogue Leader, Wave Race: Blue Storm, Luigi's Mansion, Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 3 and International Superstar Soccer 2.

There were several cars produced or prototyped by Henry Ford from the founding of the company in 1903 until the Model T came along. on November 18, 2001, in Europe on May 3, 2002, and in Australia on May 17, 2002. Cars built before 1919 are classed as veteran cars and later models vintage cars. The Nintendo GameCube is Nintendo's fourth generation console and their first disc-based console; it was released in Japan on September 14, 2001, the U.S. The first production Model T was built on September 27, 1908 at the Piquette Plant in Detroit, Michigan. This system's games are also significant as it was here that the power of the second-party was first recognized: Rareware produced several of their most lauded games for this console (including the aforementioned GoldenEye, and also Perfect Dark and Banjo-Kazooie.). It is generally regarded as the first affordable automobile, the car which "put America on wheels"; this was due to some of Ford's innovations, including assembly line production instead of individual hand crafting, as well as the concept of paying the workers a wage proportionate to the cost of the car, so that they would provide a ready made market. Other popular games were GoldenEye 007, which ushered in a new era for console first-person shooter games; Super Smash Bros., a sort of Nintendo all-star fighter; and The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time—widely considered one of the best games of all time.

The Model T (colloquially known as the Tin Lizzie and the Flivver) was an automobile produced by Henry Ford's Ford Motor Company from 1908 through 1927. The first 3D Mario game was introduced on the N64 as Super Mario 64, which has been the archetype for almost all 3D console games to this day. port on the bottom. The expansion for online would have plugged into the Ext. The online capabilities never came out in the rest of the world, but did well in Japan.

Nintendo also touted new "innovative" and "groundbreaking" elements of the Nintendo 64 — such as its four controller ports, an analog stick, 64-bit processor, and online capabilities. Nintendo used the code names Project Reality and Ultra 64 prior to the system's actual release, and these names are still used by some people. Despite these advantages, the drawbacks were also rumored to be the impetus for Squaresoft (now Square Enix) stopping development of any further games for Nintendo, including their well-known Final Fantasy series, and moving over to the Sony PlayStation, and later the PlayStation 2. However, Nintendo retained the cartridge in light of the fact that compared to CD-ROMs, there are little to no load times and that cartridges are to an extent more expandable and can have data directly saved to them, hence abolishing the absolute need for a device such as a memory card.

This may have adversely affected the amount of games published on the Nintendo 64; CD-ROMs are cheaper to produce than cartridges, meaning cheaper costs for the third party publishers — since Nintendo did not choose to use CD-ROMs, publishers would be more swayed to publish for Sony's PlayStation, which did use CD-ROMs. Nintendo chose to remain with the cartridge medium, a surprising move, especially considering their competition's choice of emerging CD-ROM storage mediums. In 1996, Nintendo released a third console, the Nintendo 64 (N64), which featured vastly improved three dimensional graphics and a new analog stick (called the control stick). On the January 26, 2006 Nintendo of Japan announced a new version of their Nintendo DS handheld, called the Nintendo DS Lite, which is designed to be smaller and lighter and feature a brighter screen.

At E3 in May of 2005, Nintendo displayed the first prototype for their 'next-generation' system, codenamed the Nintendo Revolution, though hiding its controller until the Tokyo Game Show later that year. Louis, Washington DC, and Chicago. Potential cities are San Francisco, St. They plan to open the same store in other major U.S cities, those announced are Los Angeles, Dallas, Boston, and Philadelphia.

They celebrated the grand opening with a block party in Rockefeller Plaza. There are also display cases filled with things from Nintendo's past, including Hanafuda playing cards, Nintendo's first product. It is two stories tall, and contains many kiosks of GameCube, Game Boy Advance, and Nintendo DS games. On May 14, 2005, Nintendo started up its first retail store in Rockefeller Center in New York City, called Nintendo World.

As of 2005 Nintendo's internal development divisions are comprised of four groups (read Nintendo development divisions for more information). President Satoru Iwata merged all of Nintendo's software designers under the EAD division; this was done to allocate more resources to Shigeru Miyamoto. In addition to the touch screen, the DS can also create three-dimensional graphics, capable of surpassing those of the Nintendo 64, although it does not include hardware support for texture filtering which results in more pixelated graphics than on the Nintendo 64. The Nintendo DS, released on November 21 2004, received over three million pre-orders.

In May 2004, Nintendo announced plans to release a new brand of handheld, unrelated to the Game Boy — featuring two screens, one of which was touch-sensitive. Wei Yen co-founded iQue, a company that manufactures and distributes official Nintendo consoles and games for the mainland Chinese market, under the iQue brand. Also, Nintendo and Chinese-American scientist Dr. In 2002, Hiroshi Yamauchi stepped down as the president of Nintendo and named Satoru Iwata his successor.

It was released in North America on November 18th of 2001 and on May 3, 2002 in Europe. Nintendo released their GameCube home video game console on September 14, 2001 in Japan. This was followed by the North American launch on June 11 and the European launch on June 22. Nintendo released the Game Boy Advance in Japan on March 21, 2001.

Days before Game Boy Color was released in Japan, Gunpei Yokoi - the original creator of Game Boy - died tragically in a car accident at the age of 57. October 13, 1998 was the day that Game Boy Color was released in Japan, with releases in North America and Europe a month later. The Pokémon franchise was proving so popular that for a brief time, Nintendo took back their place as the supreme power in the games industry. In 1997, Pocket Monsters (known as "Pokémon" in the North America and Europe) was released in Japan to a huge following.

Gunpei Yokoi helped in the creation of a competitor system named the Wonderswan, utilizing the skills he gained in the creation of the Game Boy. About a week after the release of the Game Boy Pocket, Gunpei Yokoi resigned from his position at Nintendo. Nintendo followed with the release of the Game Boy Pocket, a smaller version of the original Game Boy. and Canada, and it too was a success.

On September 29 1996, Nintendo released the Nintendo 64 in the U.S. Nintendo released an add-on to the Nintendo 64 in Japan, titled the Nintendo 64DD, on December 1, 1999. On June 23 1996, the Nintendo 64 (N64) was released in Japan and became a huge hit, selling over 500,000 units on the first day of its release. Sony's fierce marketing campaigns ensued, and it started to cut into Nintendo and Sega's market share.

Competitor Sega introduced their 32-bit Saturn, while newcomer Sony introduced the 32-bit PlayStation. Also in 1995, Nintendo found themselves in a competitive situation. The console sold poorly, but Nintendo still said they had hope for it and continued to release several other games and attempted a release in the U.S., which was another disaster. In 1995 Nintendo released the Virtual Boy in Japan.

Since Phillips had already gained license to create games using Nintendo's exclusive characters, games from series such as Mario and The Legend of Zelda appeared on the CD-i, though most fans discard them from being part of the series due to their entirely third-party development and poor quality. Phillips took a similar route and developed the far less successful CD-i. Nothing happened about the add-on drive in regard to the SNES, but Sony took the time and research and began to spin it off into a new product, the PlayStation. Nintendo announced their alliance with Philips at the same conference that Sony announced their CD-ROM drive.

After Sega created the Mega CD (Sega CD in North America) add on for its 16-bit machine, Nintendo initially contracted with Sony to develop an add-on CD-ROM drive for the SNES, but then they had second thoughts: afraid that Sony would get all the profit from the CD-ROM media, and also surprised at the failure of Sega's Mega CD, Nintendo terminated the contract and went with Philips. In the mid-90s Nintendo of America eased up on its stringent policies on blood and violence. 1995 is also the year that Nintendo purchased part of Rareware, a choice that would prove to be a wise investment. They later showed previews of the system and several games, including Super Mario 64, to the media and public.

So, in 1995 Nintendo changed the final name of the system to the Nintendo 64, and announced that it would be released in 1996. Specifically, only Konami would have the rights to release games for the new system called Ultra Football, Ultra Tennis, etc. Soon after, Nintendo realized the mistake they had made in choosing a name for their new console that the Konami corporation owned the rights to. Killer Instinct was later released on the SNES.

The Ultra 64 moniker was unveiled in arcades on the Nintendo branded fighting game "Killer Instinct" and the racing game Cruisin' USA. In 1994, Nintendo also claimed that Project Reality would be renamed Ultra 64 in the US. In 1993 Nintendo announced plans to develop a new 64-bit console codenamed Project Reality that would be capable of rendering fully 3D environments and characters. Hiroshi Yamauchi also bought shares of the Seattle Mariners in 1992.

1992 was the year in which Gunpei Yokoi and the rest of R&D 1 began planning on a new virtual reality console to be called the Virtual Boy. However, total worldwide sales of the SNES were higher than the Genesis. In the U.S., the Genesis outsold the SNES. Over the course of several years, the SNES in North America eventually overtook the Sega Genesis (in annual, but not cumulative, sales figures), thanks to franchise titles such as Super Mario World, The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past, Street Fighter 2, and the Final Fantasy series.

In the U.S., due to a late start and an aggressive marketing campaign by Sega, Nintendo saw its market share take a precipitous plunge from 90-95% with the NES to a low of approximately 35% against the Sega Genesis. In Japan, the Super Famicom easily took control of the gaming market. The controller of the SNES had also improved over that of the NES, as it now had rounded edges and several new buttons. The Super Nintendo Entertainment System followed in the steps of its predecessor, sporting a relatively low price and somewhat high technical specifications for its era.

The SNES was released in Europe in 1992. under the name "the Super Nintendo Entertainment System" (SNES). In August 1991, the Super Famicom was launched in the U.S. The system's launch was widely successful, and the Super Famicom was sold out across Japan within three days.

The Super Famicom was released in Japan on November 21st, 1990. This would occur once more in 1996, when Sony released the PlayStation. They changed this rule during the Super NES era, allowing Sega to start a massive console war against Nintendo with the Sega Genesis and Game Gear. By the end of the 1980s the courts found Nintendo guilty of anti-trust activities because it had abused its relationship with third party developers and created a monopoly in the gaming industry by not allowing developers to make games for any other platforms.

1989 was also the year that Nintendo announced a sequel to their popular video game console, the Famicom, to be called the Super Famicom. Later, Super Mario Land was also released for the Game Boy, which sold 14 million copies worldwide. The Game Boy sold extremely well, eventually becoming the best selling portable game system of all time, a record it holds to this day. In 1989, Nintendo released the Game Boy, along with the accompanying game Tetris (widely considered one of the greatest games of all time).

'06. Nintendo Power is still being published today with its two-hundredth issue recently issued in Feb. 2. The first issue published was July/August edition, which spotlighted the NES game Super Mario Bros.

In 1988, Nintendo of America unveiled Nintendo Power, a monthly news and strategy magazine from Nintendo that served to advertise new games. 2 (the Japanese version) were released. This was also the year that Metroid (Japan) and Super Mario Bros. and Canada, it outsold its competitors on a ten to one scale.

In the U.S. Following immediate success, they soon began shipping the NES nationwide in February 1986, along with 15 games, sold separately. Nintendo test marketed the Nintendo Entertainment System in the New York area on October 18, 1985. was also released for the Famicom in Japan and became a large success.

In this year, Super Mario Bros. Konami, the first third-party company that was allowed to make cartridges for the Famicom, later challenged this rule by creating a spinoff company, Ultra Games, to release additional games in a single year, although other manufactures followed the same tactic as Konami. In order to ensure the localization of the highest quality games by third-party developers, Nintendo of America limited the number of game titles third-party developers could release in a single year to five. In 1985 Nintendo announced they were going to release the Famicom worldwide – except under a different name – the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) – and with a different design.

Using these groups, Yamauchi hoped Nintendo would produce a low amount of high quality games rather than a high amount of average quality games. R&D 1 was headed by Gunpei Yokoi, R&D 2 was headed by Masayuki Uemura, and R&D 3 was headed by Genyo Takeda. To combat this, Yamauchi decided to divide his employees into three groups, the groups being Research & Development 1 (R&D 1), Research & Development 2 (R&D 2) and Research & Development 3 (R&D 3). However, Nintendo also encountered a problem with the sudden popularity of the Famicom — they did not have the resources to manufacture games at the same pace they were selling them.

By 1984 the Famicom had proven to be a huge continued success in Japan. Nintendo decided that to avoid this, they would only allow games that received their "Seal of Quality" to be sold for the Famicom, using a chip called 10NES to "lockout" or prevent unlicensed games from working. In the USA, however, the video game market had almost completely died out due to the large amount of low quality games. It was also in 1983 that Nintendo planned to release the Famicom in the USA.

The fault was found in a malfunctioning chip and Nintendo decided to recall all Famicon units currently on store shelves, which cost them almost half a million dollars USD. However, after a few months of the consoles selling well, Nintendo received complaints that some Famicom consoles would freeze when the player attempted to play certain games. The console was also technically superior and inexpensive when compared to its competitors, priced at about $100 USD. The system was very successful, selling over 500,000 units within two months.

In July 1983, Nintendo released their Famicom (Family Computer) system in Japan, which was their first attempt at a cartridge-based video game console. However, the technical limitations of the system resulted in these ports being significantly watered down- Donkey Kong, for instance, was reduced to only two levels. It was during this time that Donkey Kong and Mario Brothers were both released for the Atari 2600. in Redmond, Washington and merged the New York subsidiary into it.

This was also the year they established Nintendo of America Inc. still sold well, selling around 35,000 units. Although not selling as many units as the original Donkey Kong, Donkey Kong Jr. as an arcade game.

In 1982 Nintendo released their sequel to Donkey Kong, Donkey Kong Jr. They knew that in order for the system to be successful, since other companies had already released multicartridge systems, their console would have to be better than the rest, and still carry a reasonable price. During the same year, Nintendo, probably inspired by the success of Atari and several other companies, set to work on a new, more advanced multicartridge video game console. Although originally frowned upon by fellow Nintendo workers, the release of Donkey Kong was a huge success and the game sold over 65,000 units, making it the most popular arcade game of the year.

Miyamoto went in a completely different direction and, with the help of Gunpei Yokoi, began work on Donkey Kong, an arcade game starring the attempts of a carpenter trying to rescue his girlfriend from an ape. Mr. However, this direction changed when Shigeru Miyamoto was given the task of repurposing hardware left over after the commercial failure of the arcade alien shoot-'em-up Radar Scope. These arcade games were mostly shoot-'em-ups sometimes using Nintendo's light gun, going under names such as Hellfire or Sheriff.

Also in 1980, Nintendo began the production of arcade games. Both the taxi company and love hotel ended in failure and were eventually closed. During the period of time between 1963 and 1968, Nintendo founded a taxi company and a "love hotel", as well as producing toys, games and several other things (including a vacuum cleaner). Ltd. by Hiroshi and Nintendo began to experiment in other areas of business.

was renamed Nintendo Co. Following this, in 1963, Nintendo Playing Card Company Ltd. The deal was a success and sold at least 600,000 cards in a single year. In 1959, Nintendo struck a deal with Disney to have them allow Nintendo to use Disney's characters on Nintendo's playing cards.

Ltd. Ltd., to Nintendo Karuta Co. Nintendo Playing Card Company, Ltd., and, in 1951 he renamed their distribution company, Marufuku Co. He renamed Yamauchi Nintendo & Co.

Hiroshi Yamauchi, the grandson of Sekiryo Yamauchi, took office as the president of Nintendo during the year of 1949. Ltd to distribute the Hanafuda cards, as well as several other brands of cards that had been introduced by Nintendo. In 1933 Sekiryo Yamauchi established a joint venture with another company and thus renamed the company Yamauchi Nintendo & Co. In 1947 Sekiryo established the company Marufuku Co. In 1929, Yamauchi retired from the company and allowed his son-in-law, Sekiryo Yamauchi, to take over the company as president.

The cards, which were all handmade, soon began to gain popularity and Yamauchi had to hire assistants to mass produce cards to keep up. Based in Kyoto, Japan, the business produced and marketed a playing card game called Hanafuda. The name, "Nintendo" roughly translates as "leave luck to heaven" or "in heaven's hands". Nintendo started as a small Japanese business by Fusajiro Yamauchi near the end of 1889 as Nintendo Koppai.

. They have also published over 250 games, developing at least 180 of them, and have sold over 2,000,000,000 games worldwide. Over time Nintendo has manufactured five home consoles — the Famicom/NES, the Super Famicom/Super NES, the Nintendo 64, and the present GameCube and the upcoming Nintendo Revolution — and many different handheld portables, including seven versions of their popular Game Boy, the Game & Watch, the Virtual Boy, the Pokémon Mini, and the Nintendo DS. They first started making game consoles in the Japanese market in 1983, the North American market in 1985, and the European market in 1986.

Nintendo has the reputation of historically being the longest running company in the video game console market and the most influential and well-known console manufacturer, as well as being the dominant leader of the handheld console market. Nintendo's main competitors on the gaming front are Sony and Microsoft. Nintendo has also purchased majority ownership of Gyration, a company specializing in gyros and motion sensors, for assistance in designing the controller of the Nintendo Revolution. Aside from video games, Nintendo is also the majority owner of the Seattle Mariners, a Major League Baseball team in Seattle, Washington.

Over the years, it became a video game company, growing into one of the most powerful in the industry. In the mid-twentieth century, the company tried several small niche businesses, such as a love hotel and a taxi company. Nintendo (Japanese: 任天堂, ニンテンドー Nintendō; NASDAQ: NTDOY, TYO: 7974 ) is an international company originally founded in Japan on November 6, 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi to produce handmade hanafuda cards, for use in a Japanese playing card game of the same name. Wild Gunman.

Urban Champion. Super Punch-Out!!. Super Mario Bros. Sheriff.

Radar Scope. Punch-Out!!. Popeye. The Play Choice 10 series.

Series. The Nintendo Vs. The Nintendo Super System. Mario Kart Arcade GP.

Mario Bros. Mach Rider. Killer Instinct. Ice Climber.

Hogan's Alley. F-1 Race. F-Zero AX. Excitebike.

Duck Hunt. Donkey Kong 3. Donkey Kong Jr. Donkey Kong.

Midway Games — For the arcades, Midway has helped Nintendo with Killer Instinct and the Cruis'n games. Bandai — Recently merged with Namco, Nintendo owns stock in both companies and rumors have stated that Bandai could have been wholly owned by Nintendo. The company helped make Wario World and Japanese-only games; very close with Nintendo and Sega. Ltd — It was formed by ex-Konami workers who promised they would never produce sequels of their franchises (but made a sequel to Gunstar Heroes).

Treasure Co. Atlus — Ported Cubivore to the Gamecube from the Nintendo 64 and supported the Virtual Boy. These games could also be registered on Nintendo's website (through a My Nintendo account). Square Enix — Nintendo has published Square/Square-Enix's Final Fantasy games on the NES, SNES, Game Boy Advance and GameCube.

Panasonic — Not a game company, it does however help Nintendo with technology and also made the Q multimedia console. Sega made F-Zero GX/AX and also belongs to the Triforce arcade system. Sega — Nintendo's former rival in the console market. The company has developed 5 titles for the Game Boy Advance while under Microsoft's roof.

It is responsible for such titles as Donkey Kong Country/Land/64, Goldeneye 007, Banjo-Kazooie, Battletoads, and Killer Instinct. Rare — Although at one time under a 49% ownership with Nintendo, Rare is now owned by Microsoft. Capcom — Nintendo and Sega partially own a secondary developer to Capcom called Flagship; they helped to make the GBC and GBA Zelda games. (by Miyamoto) and Mario Superstar Baseball; belongs to the Triforce arcade system.

Namco — Nintendo and Namco have collaborated on several games such as Pac-Man Vs. Konami — Konami has made games based on Nintendo's franchises such as DDR Mario Mix. Hudson Soft — Now belong to Konami; its first collaborated game with Nintendo was Wario Blast, which featured Bomberman. Fuse Games — A British Pinball game company who made Mario Pinball Land and Metroid Prime Pinball.

AlphaDream — Responsible for Tomato Adventure and Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga. Camelot Software Planning — Responsible for Golden Sun, Mario Tennis, and Mario Golf series of games. iQue — Responsible for Nintendo products in China, partially owned by Nintendo Responsible for iQuest Dual Screen Tutor. Genius Sonority — Newly formed developer; responsible for Pokémon Colosseum and its sequel, Pokémon XD.

Also made the Game Boy Camera. (formerly known as Ape, Inc.) - Collaborated with Game Freak and Nintendo to make the Pokémon series. Creatures, Inc. Brownie Brown — Software developer consisting of former members of Squaresoft.

Game Freak — developer of the Pokémon video game series. Retro Studios — Former second-party, now wholly-owned by Nintendo; responsible for the Metroid Prime series. Responsible for Metroid, Fire Emblem, and Nintendo Wars franchises. Intelligent Systems (Formerly Nintendo Research & Development 1) — Established in 1986 by members of Nintendo Research & Development 1 to develop games.

series, and the development of the e-Reader. HAL Laboratory — Responsible for the Kirby franchise, Super Smash Bros. Nintendo Special Planning & Development — Recently formed development group focusing on Pokémon Mini, the e-Reader, and the Game Boy Advance. Nintendo Software Technology Corporation — First inhouse development studio of Nintendo of America.

Nintendo Software Planning Division — Specializing in communicating with overseas developers. Nintendo Research & Engineering — Hardware oriented. Nintendo Research & Development 2 — "Experimental" group, responsible Kirby Tilt 'n' Tumble. Nintendo Research & Development 1 — Oldest team inside Nintendo.

Nintendo Licensing Division — Produces (and licenses) first-party games by independent developers. Nintendo Integrated Research & Development (Originally "Nintendo Research & Development 3") — Produced arcade games in the 1980s. Responsible for Mario, Zelda, and F-Zero franchises. Managed by Shigeru Miyamoto.

Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development (Originally "Nintendo Research & Development 4") — Largest division at Nintendo. Nintendo EAD Tokyo — Youngest group inside Nintendo; responsible for Donkey Kong: Jungle Beat. Wave Race - Has appeared on the original Game Boy, Nintendo 64, and Nintendo Gamecube. series, Wario Blast and Wario World.

Includes the Wario Land series of games, Wario's Woods, WarioWare, Inc. Wario - Spin-off character started from Super Mario Land 2. Tetris Attack (Intelligent Systems) - The rights for Tetris has often been debated, as due to some complications multiple companies all own the rights to Tetris. (HAL Laboratory, Inc.) - A fighting game that pins Nintendo's franchises up against each other.

Super Smash Bros. Star Fox (Nintendo EAD) - Has appeared on the Super Nintendo, Nintendo 64 & Nintendo Gamecube. Wright has also appeared in the Game Boy Zelda games and was a trophy in SSBM). Wright, who is based on Maxis' co-founder, Will Wright (Dr.

SimCity - The SNES version is partially owned by Nintendo along with the character, Dr. Punch-Out!!. Pokémon (Game Freak) - Arguably the most influential (certainly the most lucrative) of Nintendo's recent franchises. Pilotwings - Has been on the Super Nintendo and Nintendo 64 and will be returning on the Revolution.

Pikmin. Nintendo Wars (Intelligent Systems) - Confined to Japan until 2001; Advance Wars was not released in Japan due to 9/11 until Game Boy Wars Advance 1+2 was released there on November 25th, 2004. Nintendogs - Puppy simulator franchise with several cameos of other Nintendo Franchises. Ltd for the Nintendo 64.

Mischief Makers - Made by Nintendo, Enix, and Treasure Co. Metroid (Intelligent Systems / Retro Studios) - One of the company's most popular franchises. Mario Kart - Ongoing series that has been on SNES, N64, GBA, GCN, and NDS. Mario has branched out to multiple spin-offs including Mario Party and Mario Tennis.

Mario (Nintendo EAD) - Nintendo's flagship franchise and main influence in the platform genre. Mach Rider. It has won numerous awards including several "Greatest Game of all Time" awards. The Legend of Zelda (Nintendo EAD) - One of the company's most popular franchises and widely considered to be among the best franchises ever.

Kirby (HAL Laboratory, Inc.). Kid Icarus (Intelligent Systems) - Only 2 games of Kid Icarus have been produced (NES, GB), though Miyamoto hinted that there will be a sequel on the Nintendo Revolution. series of games - When he was still with the Mariners, Nintendo and Rare made games of him from the SNES up until the end of the N64. Ken Griffey Jr.

Ice Climbers - An old franchise featuring Popo and Nana. Golden Sun (Camelot) - RPG developed by a second party. Game & Watch - Nintendo's oldest franchise. F-Zero (Nintendo EAD) - Has appeared on the SNES, N64, GBA, and GCN.

F-1 Race - Has nothing to do with F-Zero; has appeared on the NES and Game Boy. Fire Emblem (Intelligent Systems) - Confined to Japan until 2003. Excitebike. EarthBound (called "Mother" in Japan).

Doshin the Giant - Has yet to be released in America. Introduced Mario, back then known as "Jumpman". Donkey Kong (Nintendo EAD Tokyo) - Dates back to its original line of arcade games. Mario - Puzzle game featuring red, blue, and yellow viruses and vitamins.

Dr. Custom Robo (Confined to Japan until 2004). Melee. Cubivore - Originally for the Nintendo 64 in Japan, it was ported to the Gamecube by Atlus and had a cameo appearance in Super Smash Bros.

Clu Clu Land. Battle Clash - A Super Nintendo Super Scope game. Battalion Wars. Balloon Fight.

Animal Crossing. 1080 Snowboarding - First appeared on the Nintendo 64. George Harrison — Senior Vice President of marketing and corporate communications. Howard Lincoln — Now retired, former Chairman of Nintendo of America.

Reggie Fils-Aime — Nintendo of America's current Executive Vice President of Sales and Marketing. Perrin Kaplan — Nintendo of America's Vice President of Marketing and Corporate Affairs. Tatsumi Kimishima — Current president of Nintendo of America. Howard Philips — Creator of Nintendo Power magazine.

Yuka Tsujiyoko — Composer of music tracks in many Intelligent Systems games, most notably Paper Mario and the Fire Emblem series. Koji Kondo — Composer of music tracks in many Nintendo games. Satoshi Tajiri — Creator of the Pokémon series. Died 1997.

Gunpei Yokoi — Best-known as the creator of the Game Boy and the Metroid series. In 1998 Miyamoto became the first person to be inducted into the Academy of Interactive Arts and Sciences' Hall of Fame. Largely known for creating many of Nintendo's most popular games including Mario, Donkey Kong, Pikmin, and the Legend of Zelda. Shigeru Miyamoto — Nintendo's chief designer and video game producer.

Satoru Iwata — Current president of Nintendo (2002-present). Hiroshi Yamauchi — Former president of Nintendo (1949-2002). Minoru Arakawa — Founder and former president of Nintendo of America. Died 1940.

Fusajiro Yamauchi — Founder of Nintendo in 1889. Used to activate cheat codes. Game Genie- Precursor to Gameshark. iQue Player – A version of the Nintendo 64, with double the clock speed and downloadable games, released only in the Chinese market.

Game Boy Player – An adapter for playing Game Boy games on the GameCube. Triforce – An arcade system based on Nintendo GameCube hardware, developed in partnership with Sega and Namco. Sales of this system were rather poor, but it is not a flop because Nintendo did make a profit on every game and system sold. This remains the smallest games console ever made.

Pokémon Mini – Unveiled in London at Christmas 2000, the Pokémon mini was Nintendo's cheapest console ever produced; with games costing £10 ($15) each, and the system costing £30 ($45). A complete commercial failure, many speculated that Nintendo released it only to save face after promoting it pre-emptively for years. Games released include a paint and 3D construction package, F-Zero X Expansion Kit, for creating new F-Zero X tracks and a few others. Nintendo 64DD – Only released in Japan, this add-on system's games are on re-writeable magnetic disks.

Fewer than two dozen games were released for it in the United States. Virtual Boy – The Virtual Boy used a red monochrome 3D virtual reality like system. Super Game Boy – Adapter for playing Game Boy games on the Super NES, which would be displayed in color. Game & Watch.

Game Boy Micro. Game Boy Advance SP. Game Boy Advance

    . Game Boy Color.

    Game Boy Light. Game Boy Pocket. Game Boy

      . Nintendo Technology & Development.

      Nintendo Software Production & Development. Nintendo Integrated Research & Development. Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development.