This page will contain discussion groups about Minnesota, as they become available.Minnesota |
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| State nickname: North Star State | |
| Other U.S. States | |
| Capital | Saint Paul |
| Largest city | Minneapolis |
| Governor | Tim Pawlenty |
| Official languages | None |
| Area | 225,365 km² (12th) |
| - Land | 206,375 km² |
| - Water | 18,990 km² (8.4%) |
| Population (2000) | |
| - Population | 4,919,479 (21st) |
| - Density | 23.86 /km² (21st) |
| Admission into Union | |
| - Date | May 11, 1858 |
| - Order | 32nd |
| Time zone | Central: UTC-6/-5 |
| Latitude | 43°34'N to 49°23'50.26"N |
| Longitude | 89°34'W to 97°12'W |
| Width | 400 km |
| Length | 645 km |
| Elevation | |
| - Highest | 701 m |
| - Mean | 365 m |
| - Lowest | 183 m |
| Abbreviations | |
| - USPS | MN |
| - ISO 3166-2 | US-MN |
| Web site | www.state.mn.us |
Minnesota is the 32nd state of the United States, having joined the Union on May 11, 1858. Its name is from the Dakota people's name for the Minnesota River, mini sota, variously translated "smoky-white water" or "sky-tinted water". The state's name is abbreviated MN or Minn.
Minnesota is the largest state by area in the Midwestern United States and is in the subregion known as the Upper Midwest. The most significant metropolitan area is known as the Twin Cities, combining the state's most populous cities, Minneapolis and the capital of Saint Paul, along with multiple "rings" of suburbs. More than half of the state's residents live there.
The state is a major food producer for the country, and has a number of natural resources that have been greatly exploited in the last two centuries.
The USS Minnesota was named in honor of this state, as was the SS Gopher State. Other nicknames for the state include Land of 10,000 Lakes and the North Star State.
Main article: History of Minnesota
The area now known as Minnesota was originally inhabited by Native Americans, in particular the Ojibwe (Chippewa, Anishinaabe) and Dakota, although the Winnebago also had a presence in the southeastern part of the state. In this time, the economy originally consisted of hunter-gatherer activities, which changed over time as Europeans settled in the area and further exploited the state's natural resources.
According to local tradition, the first European visitors were Swedish and Norwegian Vikings in the 14th century. The evidence for this is largely based on the controversial Kensington Runestone, which most historians consider to be an elaborate hoax. Some say that the earliest European settlement was in the area of the current city of Stillwater, on the St. Croix River, though many histories focus on the military settlement that took place farther west. Fort Snelling, located at the confluence of the Minnesota River and the Mississippi River, was one of the earliest U.S. military presences in the state. It is now a historic site.
Much of the state was purchased from France as part of the Louisiana Purchase, although the exact definition of that land was not assessed for many years afterward. Parts were also considered to be in the Northwest Territory.
Minnesota Territory was carved out of Iowa Territory on March 3, 1849, but it was not coextensive with the present state, since the area included what later became the territory of Dakota (which later still became the states of North Dakota and South Dakota). The eastern half of the territory of Minnesota became the country's 32nd state—after California—on May 11, 1858.
Stereotypical Minnesotans are known for various attributes, including Lutheranism, "Minnesota nice", "hot dish", and sing-songy Scandinavian accents. However, many cultures are slowly mixing together in the state today. Native Americans have a moderate presence in Minnesota, and some tribes operate casinos which have been said to be among the most profitable in the country. The earliest European exploration and settlement was by the French, and settlement from Scandinavian countries along with Germany followed. The Métis people, a mixed French and Native American culture, were a presence in the early state and territorial days, but largely moved north into Canada.
Modern immigrants have come from all over the world in recent decades, with Hmong, Somali, Vietnamese, Indians, Middle Easterners, and the former Soviet bloc all being well-represented. Some Chinese and Japanese have had long presences in the state as well. Mexicans are a growing force, as they are across the U.S. Many modern immigrants are attracted by the state's historically strong commitments toward education and social services.
Outdoor activities are major parts of the lives of many Minnesotans, including hunting and fishing. Unique activities include ice fishing, which was popular with the early Scandinavian immigrants. Families frequently own or share cabins on central and northern tracts of land in forests and adjoining lakes, and weekend trips out to these properties are common. Environmentalism is shared by most state residents in one form or another, vegans and hunters alike.
Minnesota is known for active yet quirky politics, with populism being a long-standing force among all of the political parties that call the state home. Minnesota politics include such oddities as Professional wrestler turned Governors and protestors turned crowd-surfing mayors. 77.3% of Minnesotans voted in the 2004 U.S. presidential election, the highest of any U.S. state. Political conservatism is less strongly linked to church attendance in Minnesota than in other parts of the country, perhaps a reflection of the strong mainline Protestant and Roman Catholic following.
Like the national government of the United States, power is divided into three main branches: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial.
The executive branch is headed by the Governor of Minnesota, currently Tim Pawlenty, a Republican, who started his term on January 6, 2003. The governor and lieutenant governor each have four-year terms. He has a cabinet consisting of the leaders of various government agencies in the state. The full list of governors, and the dates they took office, is available at List of Governors of Minnesota.
The Minnesota State Legislature is a bicameral body consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives. The state has 67 districts, each covering about 60,000 people. Each district has one senator and two representatives (each district being divided into A and B subsections). Senators serve for four years, and representatives serve for two years. In the November 2004 election, the Republican Party retained control of the Minnesota House of Representatives by a single seat, having lost a total of 13 seats. The Minnesota Senate is controlled by the DFL by five seats and there is one Independence Party state senator, former Republican Sheila Kiscaden (IP-Rochester) who seats with the DFL.
Minnesota's court system has three levels:
The state has two special courts created by state law as executive-branch agencies:
Federal cases are heard in the federal district courts in Minneapolis, St. Paul, or Duluth. Minnesota is part of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, which is based in St. Louis, Missouri. Appeals beyond this level go to the U.S. Supreme Court in Washington, D.C..
In addition to the standard city and county levels of government found in the United States, Minnesota also has other entities that provide governmental oversight and planning. Some actions in the Twin Cities metropolitan area are coordinated by the Metropolitan Council, and many lakes and rivers are overseen by watershed districts and soil and water conservation districts.
See also: List of political parties in Minnesota
External links: Hyperlinked state constitution (http://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/cco/rules/mncon/preamble.htm), full text of state constitution (http://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/cco/rules/mncon/mncon.htm)
See: List of Minnesota counties
Minnesota covers 79,610 square miles (2.25% of the United States). It is famous for its lakes, having in excess of 15,000, depending on the source of the count. Much of the state is flat, having been eroded during repeated glacial periods (most recently the Wisconsin Glacier). However, the extreme southeastern portion of the state is part of the Driftless Area, which was not glaciated, and it is here that Lake Pepin and the rugged high bluffs of the Mississippi River are found. In addition, the Iron Range and other low mountains are found in the northeastern part of the state. The Minnesota portion of Lake Superior is the largest body of water in the state.
Minnesota is home to many areas of park land, to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCA), as well as a number of state and county parks, most notably Itasca State Park, the official source of the Mississippi River.
After its rivers and lakes, Minnesota's most prominent physical feature is the Iron Range. This is a range of low mountains that run across the northern part of the state. It is called the Iron Range because when discovered, it had some of the largest deposits of iron ore in the country. Although the high-grade iron ore was mostly mined out during World War II, taconite is still mined across the Iron Range.
The state is bordered on the north by Canada (Manitoba and Ontario), on the east by Wisconsin and Lake Superior, on the south by Iowa, and on the west by North Dakota and South Dakota. In addition, Minnesota shares a water boundary with Michigan. Minnesota is the northernmost of the 48 contiguous states (Alaska reaches significantly farther north), reaching to 49° 23' 04" north latitude, due to a small piece of the state known as the Northwest Angle.
Minnesota sits at a convergence point between three of the great biomes of North America: the Great Plains of the west, the Eastern Deciduous Forest, and the Northern Boreal Forest of Canada. Traversing the state from southwest to northeast goes through the three different ecological regions.
The capital is St. Paul, which sits on the Mississippi River next to Minnesota's largest city, Minneapolis. Together (and with surrounding suburbs), they are known as the Twin Cities. Other prominent cities include Duluth, St. Cloud, Mankato, Rochester (home of the world-famous Mayo Clinic), and Bloomington (home to the Mall of America).
The state's average elevation is 1,200 feet (366 m), with a high point at Eagle Mountain (2,301 ft or 701 m) and a low at the surface of Lake Superior (602 ft or 183 m). Aside from a few very minor earthquakes, Minnesota is one of the most geologically-stable regions in the country. The biggest event in the last century occurred near Morris in 1975 and rated between 4.6 and 4.8 in magnitude.
Temperatures can reach extremes in Minnesota. The state is famously cold in the winters, with a record low of −60 °F (−51 °C) measured at Tower, MN on February 2, 1996. Surprisingly, due to the flows of the jet stream, parts of Alaska often see relatively warm temperatures when Minnesota is experiencing extreme cold. Additionally, as part of the Great Plains region, the state also experiences warm summers. A record high of 114 °F (45.5 °C) was reached in both 1917 and 1936. The average temperature in January (the coldest month) is 11.2 °F (−11.5 °C), and the average in the warmest month of July is 73.1 °F (22.8 °C); averages are cooler in the north and warmer in the south. The average annual precipitation is 28.32 inches (719 mm), with a snowfall figure of 49.6 inches (126 cm).
The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that Minnesota's total state product in 2003 was $211 billion. Per capita personal income in 2003 was $34,031, 10th in the nation. The average household income in 1999 was approximately $48,000, ranking eighth in the nation (U.S. Census Bureau). The county averages range from $17,369 (Todd County) to $42,313 (Hennepin County, a portion of the Metro area). In general, salaries are lowest in more rural areas, particularly in the northwest portion of the state.
The Twin Cities are home to a diverse range of major businesses, including 3M Co. (formerly Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co.), Northwest Airlines, Target Corporation, U.S. Bancorp, Thrivent Financial for Lutherans (formerly Lutheran Brotherhood), Medtronic, Cray Computers, Imation, and a regional headquarters of Wells Fargo & Co., Caterpillar_Inc. and Honeywell. The city of Rochester is the headquarters of the Mayo Clinic, and has a significant manufacturing presence in International Business Machines. The largest shopping mall in the United States, the Mall of America, is located in Bloomington.
A large proportion of the state's economy is still agricultural, even though only a small percentage of the population (around 2%) consider themselves to be farmers. Additionally, northern Minnesota is a source for iron ore and wood products, though these are both declining industries. A fair amount of ethanol alcohol fuel is produced in the state, and a 10% mix of ethanol into consumer gasoline has been mandated since 1997 (as of 2004, Minnesota is the only U.S. state with such a mandate). If production capacity meets the need, 2% biodiesel will be required in diesel fuel in 2005. Many farmers also now operate wind turbines to produce electricity, particularly in the windy southwest region. As of January 2005, the state is the country's fourth-largest wind energy producer after California, Texas, and Iowa, with 615 megawatts installed and 213 MW planned [1] (http://www.awea.org/projects/).
The state has been a major influence in the area of transportation, moving products along the Mississippi River, in and out of the inland seaport of Duluth, along railroads that criss-cross the state, via highways with trucking and busing companies, and through the air with a major airline hub. However, water- and rail-borne traffic has been declining steadily over the years.
Minnesota is regarded as a high-tax state by some. It has an income and sales tax, as well as levying taxes on a common range of goods such as tobacco, gasoline, and alcohol. The state does not charge sales tax on clothing, services (massages, haircuts, auto work, etc), or non-prepared food items.
Minnesota businesses and individuals paid an average of 11.8% of their income in state and local taxes in 1998, down from 12.7% in 1996 (Minnesota Department of Revenue). The Gross State Product was just under $173 billion in 1999 (Northeast Midwest Institute), with approximately $17.5 billion in exports in 2000.
Retail sales per capita were $10,260 in 1997, higher than the U.S. average of $9,190 (U.S. Census Bureau). The "retail capital" of the state is probably the Twin Cities suburb of Roseville, which recorded $14,870 per capita (though it is easily outstripped in total revenue by Minneapolis, St. Paul, Bloomington, and Edina).
The state population, as of 2003, was 5,059,375 (1.75% of the total national population), with a growth rate of 12.4% in the last 10 years (compared to 13.1% for the nation). 5.3% of the people who live in Minnesota are foreign-born (compared to 11.1% for the nation)
Most of the state's population is centered in the Twin Cities metropolitan area.
The racial makeup of the state is:
Minnesotans traditionally count themselves as of Nordic descent (approximately 1.5 million people, 30% of the population, claim Danish, Finnish, Norwegian or Swedish ancestry), though more families originated in Germany (approximately 2 million people, 40% of the population). More than 8 out of 10 whites in Minnesota are of German or Scandinavian descent.
More recent immigrant communities include the third-largest Hmong population in the United States (from the Laos/Cambodia/Vietnam region) and the largest urban center of Hmong population in the world, and a large presence of people from Somalia.
The population distribution by age is (Northeast Midwest Institute):
64% of Minnesotans are Protestant (mostly mainline Protestant), although there are also a large number of Roman Catholics (about 25% of the population).
The largest Protestant denomination in the state is Lutheranism and the largest religious body in the state is the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Nearly 35% of Minnesotans identify themselves as Lutherans.
In recent years, new immigrants have added new religions to Minnesota, and there are now Islamic mosques, Buddhist temples, and Hindu mandirs in the state (many in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area).
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Paul metropolitan area). The 1982 event, also known as Cold Sunday, featured temperatures as low as -40°F (-40°C) in some of the suburbs as little as 10 miles (16km) to the north of Milwaukee, although the city itself did not approach such cold temperatures. In recent years, new immigrants have added new religions to Minnesota, and there are now Islamic mosques, Buddhist temples, and Hindu mandirs in the state (many in the Minneapolis-St. The coldest temperature ever experienced by the city was -26°F (-32°C) on both January 17, 1982 and February 4, 1996. Nearly 35% of Minnesotans identify themselves as Lutherans. Milwaukee's all-time record high temperature is 105°F (41°C) set on July 17, 1995. The largest Protestant denomination in the state is Lutheranism and the largest religious body in the state is the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Also, the relative humidity in the summer is far higher than that of comparable cities at the same latitude, meaning that it feels hotter than it really is. 64% of Minnesotans are Protestant (mostly mainline Protestant), although there are also a large number of Roman Catholics (about 25% of the population). Milwaukee's proximity to Lake Michigan causes a convection current to form mid-afternoon, resulting in the so-called lake effect, causing the temperatures to be warmer in the winter, and cooler in the summer ("cooler by the lake" is practically boilerplate language for local meteorologists during the summer). The population distribution by age is (Northeast Midwest Institute):. Out of the total population, 31.6% of those under the age of 18 and 11.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. More recent immigrant communities include the third-largest Hmong population in the United States (from the Laos/Cambodia/Vietnam region) and the largest urban center of Hmong population in the world, and a large presence of people from Somalia. 21.3% of the population and 17.4% of families are below the poverty line. More than 8 out of 10 whites in Minnesota are of German or Scandinavian descent. The per capita income for the city is $16,181. Minnesotans traditionally count themselves as of Nordic descent (approximately 1.5 million people, 30% of the population, claim Danish, Finnish, Norwegian or Swedish ancestry), though more families originated in Germany (approximately 2 million people, 40% of the population). Males have a median income of $32,244 versus $26,013 for females. The racial makeup of the state is:. The median income for a household in the city is $32,216, and the median income for a family is $37,879. Most of the state's population is centered in the Twin Cities metropolitan area. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 87.2 males. 5.3% of the people who live in Minnesota are foreign-born (compared to 11.1% for the nation). For every 100 females there are 91.6 males. The state population, as of 2003, was 5,059,375 (1.75% of the total national population), with a growth rate of 12.4% in the last 10 years (compared to 13.1% for the nation). The median age is 31 years. Paul, Bloomington, and Edina). In the city the population is spread out with 28.6% under the age of 18, 12.2% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The "retail capital" of the state is probably the Twin Cities suburb of Roseville, which recorded $14,870 per capita (though it is easily outstripped in total revenue by Minneapolis, St. The average household size is 2.50 and the average family size is 3.25. Census Bureau). 33.5% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. average of $9,190 (U.S. There are 232,188 households out of which 30.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.2% are married couples living together, 21.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 41.8% are non-families. Retail sales per capita were $10,260 in 1997, higher than the U.S. 12.00% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. The Gross State Product was just under $173 billion in 1999 (Northeast Midwest Institute), with approximately $17.5 billion in exports in 2000. The racial makeup of the city is 49.98% White, 37.34% African American, 0.87% Native American, 2.94% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 6.10% from other races, and 2.71% from two or more races. Minnesota businesses and individuals paid an average of 11.8% of their income in state and local taxes in 1998, down from 12.7% in 1996 (Minnesota Department of Revenue). There are 249,225 housing units at an average density of 1,001.7/km² (2,594.4 per square mile). The state does not charge sales tax on clothing, services (massages, haircuts, auto work, etc), or non-prepared food items. The population density is 2,399.5/km² (6,214.3 per square mile). It has an income and sales tax, as well as levying taxes on a common range of goods such as tobacco, gasoline, and alcohol. As of the census2 of 2000, there are 596,974 people, 232,188 households, and 135,133 families residing in the city. Minnesota is regarded as a high-tax state by some. Other large population groups include Polish (12.7%), Irish (10%), English (5.1%), Italian (4.4%), French (3.9%), and Hispanic origin totaled 6.3%. However, water- and rail-borne traffic has been declining steadily over the years. In the 2000 census, over a third (38 percent) of Milwaukeeans reported that they were of German descent. The state has been a major influence in the area of transportation, moving products along the Mississippi River, in and out of the inland seaport of Duluth, along railroads that criss-cross the state, via highways with trucking and busing companies, and through the air with a major airline hub. The total area is 0.88% water. As of January 2005, the state is the country's fourth-largest wind energy producer after California, Texas, and Iowa, with 615 megawatts installed and 213 MW planned [1] (http://www.awea.org/projects/). 248.8 km² (96.1 square miles) of it is land and 2.2 km² (0.9 mi²) of it is water. Many farmers also now operate wind turbines to produce electricity, particularly in the windy southwest region. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 251.0 km² (96.9 square miles). If production capacity meets the need, 2% biodiesel will be required in diesel fuel in 2005. It is crossed by Interstate 43 and Interstate 94, which come together downtown at the Marquette Interchange. state with such a mandate). Milwaukee lies along the shores of Lake Michigan near the meeting points of three rivers: the Menomonee, the Kinnickinnic and the Milwaukee. A fair amount of ethanol alcohol fuel is produced in the state, and a 10% mix of ethanol into consumer gasoline has been mandated since 1997 (as of 2004, Minnesota is the only U.S. Milwaukee's downtown area is about 90 miles north of the Chicago Loop. Additionally, northern Minnesota is a source for iron ore and wood products, though these are both declining industries. Smaller festivals througout the year celebrate the city's German, Native American, African-American, Italian, Irish, Asian, French and Polish heritage. A large proportion of the state's economy is still agricultural, even though only a small percentage of the population (around 2%) consider themselves to be farmers. Listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as the largest music festival in the world, Summerfest attracts around 900,000 visitors a year to its twelve stages. The largest shopping mall in the United States, the Mall of America, is located in Bloomington. Milwaukee has advertised itself as the "City of Festivals," especially emphasizing an annual fair along the lakefront called Summerfest. The city of Rochester is the headquarters of the Mayo Clinic, and has a significant manufacturing presence in International Business Machines. It is also home to a number of professional sports teams including:. and Honeywell. Milwaukee is home to the Florentine Opera, the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra, the Milwaukee Ballet, Milwaukee Repertory Theatre, Skylight Opera Theatre, and a number of other arts organizations. Bancorp, Thrivent Financial for Lutherans (formerly Lutheran Brotherhood), Medtronic, Cray Computers, Imation, and a regional headquarters of Wells Fargo & Co., Caterpillar_Inc. The Milwaukee Public Museum and Milwaukee County Zoo are also notable public attractions. (formerly Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co.), Northwest Airlines, Target Corporation, U.S. The museum includes a "brise soleil," a moving sunscreen that quite literally unfolds like the wing of a bird. The Twin Cities are home to a diverse range of major businesses, including 3M Co. Milwaukee's most visually prominent cultural attraction is the Milwaukee Art Museum, and especially its new $100 million wing designed by Santiago Calatrava in his first American commission. In general, salaries are lowest in more rural areas, particularly in the northwest portion of the state. Milwaukee also has a large number of financial service firms, particularly those specializing in mutual funds, and a disproportionate number of publishing and printing companies. The county averages range from $17,369 (Todd County) to $42,313 (Hennepin County, a portion of the Metro area). Among these are Briggs & Stratton, Harley-Davidson, Johnson Controls, Manpower Inc., Marshall & Ilsley, Northwestern Mutual, Rockwell Automation, Roundy's and Wisconsin Energy. Census Bureau). Milwaukee is headquarters to six Fortune 1000 manufacturers and six Fortune 1000 service companies. The average household income in 1999 was approximately $48,000, ranking eighth in the nation (U.S. Milwaukee's reputation as a blue collar town is more accurate, however, with 22 percent of the workforce involved in manufacturing -- second only to San Jose, CA and far higher than the national average of 16.5%. Service and managerial jobs are the fastest growing segments of the Milwaukee economy, and healthcare makes up 27% of all service jobs in the city. Per capita personal income in 2003 was $34,031, 10th in the nation. Although most people associate Milwaukee's reputation with its breweries, today companies like Miller Brewing employ less than one percent of the city's workers. The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that Minnesota's total state product in 2003 was $211 billion. The liberal tradition of these peoples led to decades of socialist government in Milwaukee during the twentieth century. The average annual precipitation is 28.32 inches (719 mm), with a snowfall figure of 49.6 inches (126 cm). A replica of his tiny log cabin is in the same park.) German immigrants helped increase the city's population during the 1840s and the following decades. Milwaukee still today has a large German-American population. The average temperature in January (the coldest month) is 11.2 °F (−11.5 °C), and the average in the warmest month of July is 73.1 °F (22.8 °C); averages are cooler in the north and warmer in the south. Juneau's statue gazes upon the buildings of downtown Milwaukee, with its back to Lake Michigan. A record high of 114 °F (45.5 °C) was reached in both 1917 and 1936. (His statue is part of the montage at the right - the frontiersman with the rifle, in the center of the montage. Additionally, as part of the Great Plains region, the state also experiences warm summers. Juneau was Milwaukee's first mayor. Surprisingly, due to the flows of the jet stream, parts of Alaska often see relatively warm temperatures when Minnesota is experiencing extreme cold. In 1846, Juneau's town combined with neighboring rival towns (Kilbourn Town and Walker's Point) to incorporate the city of Milwaukee. The state is famously cold in the winters, with a record low of −60 °F (−51 °C) measured at Tower, MN on February 2, 1996. In 1818, Frenchman Solomon Juneau settled in the area. Juneau bought out his father-in-law's trading business, and in 1833 he founded a town on the east side of the Milwaukee River. Temperatures can reach extremes in Minnesota. French missionaries and traders passed through the area in the late 1600s and 1700s. The biggest event in the last century occurred near Morris in 1975 and rated between 4.6 and 4.8 in magnitude. Milwaukee received its name from the Indian word Millioke which is thought to have meant "The Good Land", or "gathering place by the water". Aside from a few very minor earthquakes, Minnesota is one of the most geologically-stable regions in the country. The Milwaukee area was originally inhabited by the Fox, Mascouten, Potawatomi, and Winnebago Indian tribes. The state's average elevation is 1,200 feet (366 m), with a high point at Eagle Mountain (2,301 ft or 701 m) and a low at the surface of Lake Superior (602 ft or 183 m). The city is located in the southeastern portion of the state on the western shore of Lake Michigan. Cloud, Mankato, Rochester (home of the world-famous Mayo Clinic), and Bloomington (home to the Mall of America). The city of Milwaukee is the 19th largest city in the United States. Other prominent cities include Duluth, St. The city's population is 596,974 with an estimated total of 1,709,926 in the Milwaukee metropolitan area (2004). Together (and with surrounding suburbs), they are known as the Twin Cities. Milwaukee is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin, United States and the county of Milwaukee. Paul, which sits on the Mississippi River next to Minnesota's largest city, Minneapolis. Leroy Chiao — astronaut, Commander and Science Officer for International Space Station Expedition 10 in orbit as of October 16, 2004 for a 6-month mission. The capital is St. [2] (http://www.jsonline.com/news/Metro/nov03/184367.asp). Traversing the state from southwest to northeast goes through the three different ecological regions. Lloyd and Jane Pettit —Well known philanthropists of Bradley family fortune, who gifted the Bradley Center and Pettit National Ice Center. Minnesota sits at a convergence point between three of the great biomes of North America: the Great Plains of the west, the Eastern Deciduous Forest, and the Northern Boreal Forest of Canada. Golda Meir—prime minister of Israel. Minnesota is the northernmost of the 48 contiguous states (Alaska reaches significantly farther north), reaching to 49° 23' 04" north latitude, due to a small piece of the state known as the Northwest Angle. Jack Kilby—Nobel laureate, co-inventor of the integrated circuit. In addition, Minnesota shares a water boundary with Michigan. Herbert Simon—Nobel laureate for advances in artificial intelligence (AI): the influence of Milwaukee even showed up in his professional work; as the inventor of bounded rationality, Simon showed that people work only as much as needed, and then adjust their priorities to other, perhaps more enjoyable things, an attitude which is very common in a city dedicated to gemuetlich pursuits and beer. The state is bordered on the north by Canada (Manitoba and Ontario), on the east by Wisconsin and Lake Superior, on the south by Iowa, and on the west by North Dakota and South Dakota. West Town. Although the high-grade iron ore was mostly mined out during World War II, taconite is still mined across the Iron Range. West End. It is called the Iron Range because when discovered, it had some of the largest deposits of iron ore in the country. Still poor and black, but more stable. This is a range of low mountains that run across the northern part of the state. Washington Park: Area bordering the dangerous and poverty-striken Metcalfe Park. After its rivers and lakes, Minnesota's most prominent physical feature is the Iron Range. Washington Heights. Minnesota is home to many areas of park land, to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCA), as well as a number of state and county parks, most notably Itasca State Park, the official source of the Mississippi River. Almost all black. The Minnesota portion of Lake Superior is the largest body of water in the state. Mixture of extreme poverty to stately homes from block to block. In addition, the Iron Range and other low mountains are found in the northeastern part of the state. Walnut Hill: Another inner-city neighborhood on the north side, near center street and Teutonia. However, the extreme southeastern portion of the state is part of the Driftless Area, which was not glaciated, and it is here that Lake Pepin and the rugged high bluffs of the Mississippi River are found. Famous mexican restaurants such La Perla, Conjahitos, and La Fuenta line S 5th street, a vibrant hub for college kids and mexican locals alike. Much of the state is flat, having been eroded during repeated glacial periods (most recently the Wisconsin Glacier). This is the beginning, geographically, of Milwaukee's vast southside hispanic community. It is famous for its lakes, having in excess of 15,000, depending on the source of the count. Further south, along national and mineral streets, the neighborhood becomes an ecclectic mix of art galleries, mexican restaurants and nightclubs. Minnesota covers 79,610 square miles (2.25% of the United States). The underbelly of Milwaukee's gay scene, seedy gay bars and strip joints line South 1st street and Florida street south of the river. See: List of Minnesota counties. Just south of this area, is a somewhat abandoned area that is the heart of Milwaukee's gay community outside of the east side. External links: Hyperlinked state constitution (http://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/cco/rules/mncon/preamble.htm), full text of state constitution (http://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/cco/rules/mncon/mncon.htm). This area of the city has incredible potential to be the next third ward. See also: List of political parties in Minnesota. The northern part of the neighborhood, near 2nd and the river, is a desolate wasteland of old warehouses with charming old-style ads painted on the buildings. Some actions in the Twin Cities metropolitan area are coordinated by the Metropolitan Council, and many lakes and rivers are overseen by watershed districts and soil and water conservation districts. It lies just south of the third ward, and is less expensive than its northern counterpart. In addition to the standard city and county levels of government found in the United States, Minnesota also has other entities that provide governmental oversight and planning. Walker's Point: A vibrant mix of yuppie, gay, artist and Mexican immigrants. Supreme Court in Washington, D.C.. 5-6 story brick buildings are the average height in this neighborhood on all streets, giving it a very cosmpolitain and "big city" feel. Appeals beyond this level go to the U.S. As Milwaukee's warehouse district, it often is said to resemble SoHo in New York in some areas. Louis, Missouri. Third Ward: A haven for yuppies, the third ward has become increasingly high rent. Minnesota is part of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, which is based in St. Story Hill. Paul, or Duluth. Now, it is a stable, middle class area with beautiful, lavishly built homes. Federal cases are heard in the federal district courts in Minneapolis, St. Sherman Park: A middle class black area that used to be the heart of Milwaukee's Jewish population on the north side. The state has two special courts created by state law as executive-branch agencies:. As the name implies, it lies just west of the river from the east side, it's more expensive and exclusive "cool" counterpart. Minnesota's court system has three levels:. In a city known for it's segregation, Riverwest defies that logic by having a demographic make up of 1/3 white, 1/3 black and 1/3 other, mostly hispanic, asian and Iranian. The Minnesota Senate is controlled by the DFL by five seats and there is one Independence Party state senator, former Republican Sheila Kiscaden (IP-Rochester) who seats with the DFL. Riverwest Hyperlinked Neighborhood Map (http://riverwest.iqee.com): The punk-rock/artist neighborhood in Milwaukee, it is also easily the most racially diverse. In the November 2004 election, the Republican Party retained control of the Minnesota House of Representatives by a single seat, having lost a total of 13 seats. Piggsville. The state has 67 districts, each covering about 60,000 people. Each district has one senator and two representatives (each district being divided into A and B subsections). Senators serve for four years, and representatives serve for two years. It is the heart of the Milwaukee ghetto, and a very dangerous area. The Minnesota State Legislature is a bicameral body consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives. Now, an eight block area remains desolate, with no buildings or trees, and weeds growing in the streets. The area surrouding this area is extremely dangerous, and is often nicknamed "Little Beruit." Many people have been "mob-beaten" in this area, and some killed, sometimes by children. The full list of governors, and the dates they took office, is available at List of Governors of Minnesota. Much of the interior section of the neighborhood has been completely wiped out, buildings that were demoished for a freeway that was to be built in the area but never was. He has a cabinet consisting of the leaders of various government agencies in the state. it is small, only covering about a 40 block area, bounded by North Aveneue on the north and Walnut on the south, 18th street on the east and 25th on the west. The governor and lieutenant governor each have four-year terms. Metcalfe Park: Usually the considered the most dangerous area of Milwaukee. The executive branch is headed by the Governor of Minnesota, currently Tim Pawlenty, a Republican, who started his term on January 6, 2003. Martin Drive. Like the national government of the United States, power is divided into three main branches: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. Layton Park. Political conservatism is less strongly linked to church attendance in Minnesota than in other parts of the country, perhaps a reflection of the strong mainline Protestant and Roman Catholic following. Town of Lake. state. Jacobus Park. presidential election, the highest of any U.S. The mexican population is increasing in this neighborhood from the neighborhoods to the east. 77.3% of Minnesotans voted in the 2004 U.S. Mostly two-story wood frame houses, constructed in the early 20th century, line the streets. Jackson park is lower-middle class, mostly white and known for it's larger population of aging blue collar workers. Minnesota politics include such oddities as Professional wrestler turned Governors and protestors turned crowd-surfing mayors. Jackson Park is located the neighborhood is located around the park itself. Minnesota is known for active yet quirky politics, with populism being a long-standing force among all of the political parties that call the state home. Jackson Park: Neighborhood on the south side about 6 miles south of downtown. Environmentalism is shared by most state residents in one form or another, vegans and hunters alike. Hillside/Lapham Park. Families frequently own or share cabins on central and northern tracts of land in forests and adjoining lakes, and weekend trips out to these properties are common. Havenswoods. Unique activities include ice fishing, which was popular with the early Scandinavian immigrants. Granville: Far Northwest neighborhood, well away from urban life but becoming very poor and dangerous. Outdoor activities are major parts of the lives of many Minnesotans, including hunting and fishing. East Village. Many modern immigrants are attracted by the state's historically strong commitments toward education and social services. Eastown. Mexicans are a growing force, as they are across the U.S. The mix of people is almost as impressive: hipsters, old-money, blacks, white-trash, average-joes, Italians and Jews all inhabit this area. Some Chinese and Japanese have had long presences in the state as well. The streets and buildings in this neighborhood range from towering, expensive high rises along the lake to brownstones and walkups a few blocks inland to cheap duplexes near the river. Modern immigrants have come from all over the world in recent decades, with Hmong, Somali, Vietnamese, Indians, Middle Easterners, and the former Soviet bloc all being well-represented. This would include brady street, the UWM campus, the lakefront, the marina. The Métis people, a mixed French and Native American culture, were a presence in the early state and territorial days, but largely moved north into Canada. East Side: One of the most diverse and interesting neighborhood in Milwaukee, the east side is a broad area that basically refers to anything east of the river, north of downtown and south of shorewood. Native Americans have a moderate presence in Minnesota, and some tribes operate casinos which have been said to be among the most profitable in the country. The earliest European exploration and settlement was by the French, and settlement from Scandinavian countries along with Germany followed. Concordia. However, many cultures are slowly mixing together in the state today. Capitol West. Stereotypical Minnesotans are known for various attributes, including Lutheranism, "Minnesota nice", "hot dish", and sing-songy Scandinavian accents. Brewers Hill Neighborhood Group (http://groups.yahoo.com/group/brewershill/): Quiet, tree-lined upper middle class area near Miller Park, next to a poor, high-crime black area. The eastern half of the territory of Minnesota became the country's 32nd state—after California—on May 11, 1858. Filled with coffee houses, clubs, trendy restaurants, vintage clothing and thrift stores and of course, a Walgreens, this 1/2 mile street provides enough entertainment to keep even a Chicago scenester happy. Minnesota Territory was carved out of Iowa Territory on March 3, 1849, but it was not coextensive with the present state, since the area included what later became the territory of Dakota (which later still became the states of North Dakota and South Dakota). Brady Street: The original hipster neighborhood in Milwaukee. Parts were also considered to be in the Northwest Territory. Located about 3 miles south of downtown on the lake. Much of the state was purchased from France as part of the Louisiana Purchase, although the exact definition of that land was not assessed for many years afterward. Bay View [1] (http://www.gobayview.com)Known for it's cheap rent, stunning views of the skyline and lake and heavy concentration of hipsters and music. It is now a historic site. Shepherd Express. military presences in the state. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Fort Snelling, located at the confluence of the Minnesota River and the Mississippi River, was one of the earliest U.S. Wisconsin Lutheran College. Croix River, though many histories focus on the military settlement that took place farther west. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Some say that the earliest European settlement was in the area of the current city of Stillwater, on the St. Mount Mary College. The evidence for this is largely based on the controversial Kensington Runestone, which most historians consider to be an elaborate hoax. Milwaukee School of Engineering. According to local tradition, the first European visitors were Swedish and Norwegian Vikings in the 14th century. Milwaukee Institute of Art and Design. In this time, the economy originally consisted of hunter-gatherer activities, which changed over time as Europeans settled in the area and further exploited the state's natural resources. Milwaukee Area Technical College. The area now known as Minnesota was originally inhabited by Native Americans, in particular the Ojibwe (Chippewa, Anishinaabe) and Dakota, although the Winnebago also had a presence in the southeastern part of the state. Medical College of Wisconsin. Main article: History of Minnesota. Marquette University. Other nicknames for the state include Land of 10,000 Lakes and the North Star State. Cardinal Stritch University. The USS Minnesota was named in honor of this state, as was the SS Gopher State. Alverno College. The state is a major food producer for the country, and has a number of natural resources that have been greatly exploited in the last two centuries. Timmerman Airport. More than half of the state's residents live there. Lawrence J. The most significant metropolitan area is known as the Twin Cities, combining the state's most populous cities, Minneapolis and the capital of Saint Paul, along with multiple "rings" of suburbs. General Mitchell International Airport. Minnesota is the largest state by area in the Midwestern United States and is in the subregion known as the Upper Midwest. Average July high/low temperatures: 79°F/62°F (26°C/17°C). The state's name is abbreviated MN or Minn.. Average January high/low temperatures: 26°F/11°F (-3°C/-12°C). Its name is from the Dakota people's name for the Minnesota River, mini sota, variously translated "smoky-white water" or "sky-tinted water". Milwaukee Wave United (Outdoor Soccer) (Note: the Wave United will not play in 2005, might play in 2006). Minnesota is the 32nd state of the United States, having joined the Union on May 11, 1858. Cellular Arena. Steve Zahn. Milwaukee Wave (Indoor Soccer) playing at the U.S. Dave Winfield. Milwaukee Admirals (Ice hockey) playing at the Bradley Center. Roy Wilkins. Milwaukee Bucks (Basketball—NBA) playing at the Bradley Center. DeWitt Wallace. Milwaukee Brewers (Baseball—MLB) playing at the new Miller Park. Jesse Ventura. Cheryl Tiegs. Lea Thompson. Taylor. Glen A. Harold Stassen. Kevin Sorbo. Seann William Scott. Charles Schulz. Winona Ryder. Marion Ross. The Replacements. Prince. Carl Pohlad. Mondale. Walter F. Paul Molitor. Kevin McHale. McCarthy. Eugene J. Roger Maris. John Madden. Lipps Inc. Charles Lindbergh. Sinclair Lewis. Tom Lehman. Jessica Lange. Peter Krause. Craig Kilborn. Kellogg. Frank B. Garrison Keillor. Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis. Hüsker Dü. Humphrey. Hubert H. Josh Hartnett. Terry Gilliam. Judy Garland. Al Franken. Scott Fitzgerald. F. Tammy Faye. Bob Dylan. Morris Day. Rachel Leigh Cook. Joel and Ethan Coen. Warren Burger. Herb Brooks. Jessica Biel. Ann Bancroft. Richard Dean Anderson. Louie Anderson. Loni Anderson. Eddie Albert. Father Jacques Marquette. Joseph Nicollet. Henry Schoolcraft. Zebulon Pike. Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut. Father Louis Hennepin. Michel Aco. Nicknames – "Gopher State," "North Star State," "Land of 10,000 Lakes". State tree – Norway Pine. State song – "Hail! Minnesota". State picture – Grace. State mushroom – Morel (sponge mushroom; honeycomb morel). State muffin – Blueberry (adopted as part of a school project on how a bill becomes law). State motto – L'Étoile du Nord (“Star of the North”). Territory Motto (actual) – Quo sursum velo videre (“I cover to see what is above” is the closest translation). Territory Motto (intended) – Quae sursum volo videre (“I wish to see what is beyond”). State grain – Wild rice. State gemstone – Lake Superior Agate. State flower – Pink and White Showy Lady Slipper. State fish – Walleye. State drink – Milk. State butterfly – Monarch. State bird – Loon. 65+ - 594,266 (12.1%). 35-64 - 1,894,747 (38.6%). 19-34 - 1,068,850 (21.7%). 0-18 - 1,361,616 (27.7%). 1.4% mixed race. 1.1% American Indian. 2.9% Asian. 2.9% Hispanic. 3.5% Black. 88.2% White. It has five judges appointed by the governor to six-year terms, following approval from the state Senate. The Workers' Compensation Court of Appeals deals with cases involving worker injuries referred to it on appeal, or transferred from district court. It has three judges appointed by the governor to six-year terms, following approval from the state Senate. The Tax Court deals with non-criminal tax cases across the state. The court automatically reviews first-degree murder convictions, and settles disputes over legislative elections. The seven justices on the Supreme Court hear appeals from the Court of Appeals, the Tax Court, and the Worker's Compensation Court. Minnesota Supreme Court. There are 16 judges, who divide into three-judge panels to hear appeals in courts across the state. This body hears appeals on cases tried in the trial courts. Minnesota Court of Appeals. Most state cases start in the trial courts. The state is split into 10 judicial districts, with 257 judges. Trial courts. |