This page will contain news stories about Michael Jordan, as they become available.

Michael Jordan

For other people named Michael Jordan, see Michael Jordan (disambiguation).
Michael Jordan

Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963, in Brooklyn, New York) is a former National Basketball Association player, considered by many to be the greatest basketball player of all time.

A remarkable force at both ends of the floor, Jordan ended a career of 15 full seasons with a regular-season scoring average of 30.12 points per game, the highest in NBA history (ahead of Wilt Chamberlain's 30.06). He won six championships, notched 10 scoring titles, and was league MVP five times. He was named to the All-Defensive First Team nine times, and led the league in steals three times. In 1991, he was on the cover of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, and was named the magazine's "Sportsman of the Year." These and other achievements have persuaded many fans and several basketball legends[1] (http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/basketball/nba/features/jordan/news/2001/08/22/jordan_greatest/) that Jordan was the best ever to play the game. (Others call Jordan overrated [2] (http://airjudden2.tripod.com/jordan/index.htm) and point to Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Larry Bird, Wilt Chamberlain, Magic Johnson, Oscar Robertson, Bill Russell, and Shaquille O'Neal.) His jumping ability -- he could once dunk from the foul line -- earned him the nicknames "Air Jordan" and "His Airness."

University of North Carolina

As a UNC freshman, Jordan was an exciting but not dominant player. He ended the 1982 year in grand style, hitting the winning shot in the 1982 NCAA championship game against Georgetown, led by future NBA rival Patrick Ewing. By his sophomore year, he was clearly the team's biggest star; as a junior, he was named the national player of the year. He was selected by the Chicago Bulls in the first round of the 1984 NBA Draft as the third pick overall.

Chicago Bulls

Jordan played 13 seasons for the Bulls, generally as a shooting guard, but his height (6'6", or 1.98 m), skills, and physical conditioning also made him a versatile threat at point guard and small forward. He won six NBA Championships (1991-1993 and 1996-1998) and was league MVP five times (1988, 1991, 1992, 1996 and 1998). He was also named Rookie of the Year (1985) and Defensive Player of the Year (1988), and won the Finals MVP award every year the Bulls reached the Finals -- a feat not likely to ever be duplicated. He also earned the elusive MVP triple crown (league, finals, all-star game) twice when he won All-Star MVP in both 1996 and 1998 (he also won in 1988). Only Willis Reed (1970) and Shaquille O'Neal (2000) have won all three MVP awards in the same season. In 1997, he also recorded the only triple-double in an All-Star game.

Jordan's coach was Phil Jackson. He had the following to say about Jordan:

"The thing about Michael is he takes nothing for granted. When he first came into the league in 1984, he was primarily a penetrator. His outside shooting wasn't up to professional standards. So he put in his gym time in the off-season, shooting hundreds of shots each day. Eventually, he became a deadly three-point shooter".

Perhaps weighed down by the August 1993 murder of his father, Michael retired from basketball two days before the 1993-94 NBA season, and the Bulls retired his #23 jersey.

Baseball career

Michael Jordan on the Birmingham Barons

Jordan spent the next year pursuing a childhood dream: professional baseball. He had an unspectacular professional baseball career for the Birmingham Barons, a Chicago White Sox farm team, batting .202 with 3 HR, 51 RBI, 30 SB (tied-5th in Southern League), 11 errors and 6 outfield assists. He led the club with 11 bases-loaded RBI and 25 RBI with runners in scoring position and two outs. He was never called up to the majors. Many consider this brief stab at baseball the only tarnish on his athletic career.

Back To The Bulls

He ended his basketball retirement on March 19, 1995 by rejoining the Bulls. Because jersey #23 had been retired, he wore #45, his Barons number. Jordan led the Bulls to the Eastern Conference Semifinals that year. As he struggled with unaccustomed playoff difficulty, he broke out his old #23 jersey during a second-round playoff series against the Orlando Magic. The switch did not immediately bring him luck, and the Magic prevailed. But it was back to winning ways the following year, the Bulls won three consecutive NBA titles between 1996 and 1998, with Jordan becoming the first and only player to win six NBA Finals MVP Awards.

Jordan retired again on January 13, 1999.

Washington Wizards

In 2001, he came out of retirement a second time to play for the Washington Wizards, though his skills were noticeably diminished by age. Yet despite an injury-plagued 2001-02 season, he still averaged nearly 23 points per game. Playing through pain, especially in his knee, he was still an important player for the Wizards. He returned for the 2002-03 season and averaged 20 points. He played in his 13th and final NBA All-Star Game in 2002-03. The 2002-03 season was heralded from the beginning as Jordan's final goodbye to his fans and he retired for the third time at the season's conclusion.

At the beginning of the 2001-2002 basketball season, Michael Jordan donated his $1 million salary to help the victims of the September 11 attacks.

Out of respect for Jordan's legacy, the Miami Heat retired his #23 jersey on April 11, 2003, even though he never played for the Florida team. It was the first jersey the Heat retired in their then-15-year history, and it was half Wizards blue, half Bulls red.

The Olympics

Jordan played on two Olympic gold medal-winning American basketball teams: as a college player in the 1984 Summer Olympics, and in the 1992 Summer Olympics as a member of the original "Dream Team," with other legends such as Magic Johnson and Larry Bird. It is often rumored that Jordan kept guard Isiah Thomas off the roster due to personal differences. Nonetheless, it was a star-studded roster that cruised through pool play and the medal round, restoring America to its place atop the basketball world.

Personal life

Jordan spent his childhood in Wilmington, North Carolina. He attended Emsley A. Laney High School, where he was a standout in football, baseball, and basketball. At UNC, he majored in geography.

Jordan is notoriously competitive, and is rumored to have lost enormous amounts of money playing golf and gambling.

Michael Jordan has two older brothers, Larry and James R., one older sister, Delores, and one younger sister, Roslyn. James R. Jordan is a Sergeant Major in the 35th Signal Brigade of the XVIII Airborne Corps in the U.S. Army. James gained certain celebrity when he announced, at the age of forty-seven, that he intended to stay in Iraq until the U.S. occupation ended.

Michael Jordan currently lives in Highland Park, Illinois.

Father's murder

Jordan's father, James, was murdered in August 1993. While returning from the funeral of a friend, he pulled over onto the side of an interstate highway in North Carolina for a nap. Two local criminals killed him and stole his Lexus, a gift from Michael. The perpetrators made several calls from James' cell phone and were quickly captured. But James' body was not immediately identified. Michael and family did not immediately file a missing persons report, because the elder Jordan frequently took long trips by himself. By the time a report was filed, James' body had been cremated per local health laws as a John Doe.

Businessman

Jordan is one of the most marketed sports figures in history. He has been a major spokesman for such brands as Nike, Gatorade, Hanes, McDonald's, and MCI. He first appeared on Wheaties boxes in 1988, and acted as their spokesman as well.

Nike created a signature shoe for him, called the Air Jordan. The hype and demand for the shoes even brought on a spat of "shoe-jackings" where young boys were robbed of their sneakers at gunpoint. The innovation of designer Tinker Hatfield spurred the basketball shoe industry to new heights. Subsequently Nike spun off the Jordan line into its own company. Athletes who endorse the company include Ray Allen, Michael Finley, Derek Anderson, Gary Payton, and Jason Kidd. It has even crossed over into other sports, with athletes such as Randy Moss, Derek Jeter, and Roy Jones Jr. wearing Jordan apparel.

Michael Jordan with Bugs Bunny in "Space Jam."

He has also been connected with the Looney Tunes. A Nike commercial in the 1991 Super Bowl where he and Bugs Bunny played basketball against some Martians inspired the 1996 live action/animated movie Space Jam, which also starred Michael and the Looney Tunes in a fictional story set during his first retirement. They have subsequently appeared together in several commercials for MCI.

After his second retirement, Jordan formed the MVP.com sports apparel enterprise with fellow sports greats Wayne Gretzky and John Elway in 1999. Unfortunately, it fell victim to the dot-com bust, and the rights to the domain were sold to CBS SportsLine in 2001.

Awards

  • NBA Most Valuable Player Award: 1987-88, 1990-91, 1991-92, 1995-96, 1997-98
  • NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award: 1990-91, 1991-92, 1992-93, 1995-96, 1996-97, 1997-98
  • NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award: 1987-88
  • NBA Rookie of the Year Award: 1984-85
  • Naismith College Player of the Year: 1984
  • John R. Wooden Award: 1984
  • Adolph Rupp Trophy: 1984
  • ACC Men's Basketball Player of the Year: 1983-84
  • NBA All-Star Dunk Contest Champion: 1987, 1988

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Unfortunately, it fell victim to the dot-com bust, and the rights to the domain were sold to CBS SportsLine in 2001. Tatooing is also used as a form of 'cosmetic surgery', like permanent cosmetics, to hide or neutralise skin discolorations. After his second retirement, Jordan formed the MVP.com sports apparel enterprise with fellow sports greats Wayne Gretzky and John Elway in 1999. Tattoos may be located anywhere on the animal's body including it's ear (common for small mammals) or inner lip (bears). They have subsequently appeared together in several commercials for MCI. Animals are marked with symbols or alphanumeric characters for identification. A Nike commercial in the 1991 Super Bowl where he and Bugs Bunny played basketball against some Martians inspired the 1996 live action/animated movie Space Jam, which also starred Michael and the Looney Tunes in a fictional story set during his first retirement. Tattooing is also used in managing wildlife and the livestock industry as a marking technique.

He has also been connected with the Looney Tunes. Most tattoo artists recommend them and sell them in their parlors. wearing Jordan apparel. These products are safe, efficient and dermatologically tested. It has even crossed over into other sports, with athletes such as Randy Moss, Derek Jeter, and Roy Jones Jr. In the last few years, new cosmetic and pharmaceutical aftercare products have been developed specifically for the tattoo world. Athletes who endorse the company include Ray Allen, Michael Finley, Derek Anderson, Gary Payton, and Jason Kidd. Japanese soak the tattoo in hot water to clean it.

Subsequently Nike spun off the Jordan line into its own company. Some tattooists will recommend leaving the covering on for several hours or overnight, and then gently washing the area. The innovation of designer Tinker Hatfield spurred the basketball shoe industry to new heights. Immediately after completing the tattoo, most tattooists will cover the area to keep out dirt and keep the tattoo from oozing into clothes; sometimes the area is wrapped in clingfilm, paper towel, poultry packs (that come in chicken packs) or gauze. The hype and demand for the shoes even brought on a spat of "shoe-jackings" where young boys were robbed of their sneakers at gunpoint. New tattoos are wounds which must be looked after properly. Nike created a signature shoe for him, called the Air Jordan. The majority of these products contain petroleum or lanolin which, when applied to a new tattoo, can clog skin pores and actually retard your body's healing process. There is also the possibility of allergic reactions to these products, and, application to a new tattoo can cause skin reactions leading to loss of ink and permanent damage to your tattoo.

He first appeared on Wheaties boxes in 1988, and acted as their spokesman as well. These products were intended to prevent cuts, burns, scrapes and abrasions from becoming infected and not for the healing of new tattoos. He has been a major spokesman for such brands as Nike, Gatorade, Hanes, McDonald's, and MCI. Tattoo artists have had to recommend a variety of products available from your local drug store. Jordan is one of the most marketed sports figures in history. Aftercare for your new tattoo has been a subject of debate in the tattoo community for many years. By the time a report was filed, James' body had been cremated per local health laws as a John Doe. Many of the most notable tattooists do not belong to any association.

Michael and family did not immediately file a missing persons report, because the elder Jordan frequently took long trips by himself. Membership in professional organizations, or certificates of appreciation/achievement, may imply that the artist is aware of the latest trends in equipment and sterilization. But James' body was not immediately identified. A reputable artist will:. The perpetrators made several calls from James' cell phone and were quickly captured. The studio must have all of the following:. Two local criminals killed him and stole his Lexus, a gift from Michael. See the sections under "Risks," above.

While returning from the funeral of a friend, he pulled over onto the side of an interstate highway in North Carolina for a nap. The television show Mythbusters tested the theory, and concluded that there is no risk of interaction between tattoo inks and MRI. Today the majority of professional tattoos do not contain metal particles and therefore there is no concern with MRI. Jordan's father, James, was murdered in August 1993. It is likely that this is an urban myth. Michael Jordan currently lives in Highland Park, Illinois. There has been concern about the interaction between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures and tattoo inks, some of which contain trace metals. It has been claimed that the magnetic fields produced by MRI machines could interact with these metal particles, potentially causing burns or distortions in the image. James gained certain celebrity when he announced, at the age of forty-seven, that he intended to stay in Iraq until the U.S. occupation ended. Shops should appear clean; sinks with hot water and soap should be available in the bathroom as well as in the studio; tattooers should wash their hands regularly and wear latex gloves; surfaces should be cleaned with disinfectant and floors should appear clean; proper procedures for sterilizing equipment should also be followed strictly.

Jordan is a Sergeant Major in the 35th Signal Brigade of the XVIII Airborne Corps in the U.S. Army. The risk of infection also be reduced by following obvious precautions. James R. People who are susceptible to infection should know the dangers abrading the skin can have and should consult a physician before getting a tattoo. Michael Jordan has two older brothers, Larry and James R., one older sister, Delores, and one younger sister, Roslyn. Potential infections include everything from surface infections of the skin to Staphylococcus aureus infections that can cause cardiological damage. Jordan is notoriously competitive, and is rumored to have lost enormous amounts of money playing golf and gambling. Infection from tattooing in clean and modern tattoo studios is rare.

At UNC, he majored in geography. Some tattoo artists give small tests, by marking a small amount of ink behind the ear to determine if that person has an allergic reaction. Laney High School, where he was a standout in football, baseball, and basketball. People with allergies should think carefully about getting a tattoo because of the risk of anaphylactic shock (hypersensitive reaction), which can be life threatening. He attended Emsley A. Allergic reactions to tattoo pigments are fairly uncommon except for certain brands of red and green (with which some many people have a slight problem with itching,swelling,redness of the skin,oozing). People who are sensitive or allergic to certain metals may react to pigments in the skin by becoming swollen and/or itchy, oozing of clear sebum is also common. Jordan spent his childhood in Wilmington, North Carolina. The tattooer should know and discuss the risks of disease in tattooing.

Nonetheless, it was a star-studded roster that cruised through pool play and the medal round, restoring America to its place atop the basketball world. These are used on one client, once only, and are discarded when the session ends. It is often rumored that Jordan kept guard Isiah Thomas off the roster due to personal differences. To avoid contamination, small amounts of ink are poured from larger bottles into disposable cups. Jordan played on two Olympic gold medal-winning American basketball teams: as a college player in the 1984 Summer Olympics, and in the 1992 Summer Olympics as a member of the original "Dream Team," with other legends such as Magic Johnson and Larry Bird. In addition, it is important that needles and other instruments do not come in contact with inks that will be used on other clients. It was the first jersey the Heat retired in their then-15-year history, and it was half Wizards blue, half Bulls red. Universal precautions, such as washing the hands, wearing latex gloves and the thorough cleaning of floors and surfaces, also reduce the risk of disease.

Out of respect for Jordan's legacy, the Miami Heat retired his #23 jersey on April 11, 2003, even though he never played for the Florida team. Most reputable tattoo shops use fresh disposable needles for each client and sterilize reusable instruments between clients using an autoclave. At the beginning of the 2001-2002 basketball season, Michael Jordan donated his $1 million salary to help the victims of the September 11 attacks. Since tattoo instruments come in contact with blood and bodily fluids, diseases may be transmitted if the instruments are used on more than one person without being sterilized. The 2002-03 season was heralded from the beginning as Jordan's final goodbye to his fans and he retired for the third time at the season's conclusion. Permanent tattooing of any form carries risks, including infection, allergy, and disease. He played in his 13th and final NBA All-Star Game in 2002-03. Mehndi has also become popular, particularly in the West, as a form of temporary body decoration with no symbolic meaning.

He returned for the 2002-03 season and averaged 20 points. Mehndi is traditionally applied onto the hands and feet of brides, but there exist traditions in Bangladesh, Kashmir and Sudan where bridegrooms also have Mehndi applied before wedding ceremonies. Playing through pain, especially in his knee, he was still an important player for the Wizards. PPD is very unhealthy and has been known to cause burns[2] (http://www.hennapage.com/henna/warnings.html). Yet despite an injury-plagued 2001-02 season, he still averaged nearly 23 points per game. So-called 'black henna', which is made by adding p-phenylenediamine (PPD) to natural henna, in order to achieve a black color, may cause allergic reactions. In 2001, he came out of retirement a second time to play for the Washington Wizards, though his skills were noticeably diminished by age. Most designs last up to two weeks, fading from a dark brown to a light orange before disappearing.

Jordan retired again on January 13, 1999. The length of time the design will last depends on how long the paste is left on the skin. But it was back to winning ways the following year, the Bulls won three consecutive NBA titles between 1996 and 1998, with Jordan becoming the first and only player to win six NBA Finals MVP Awards. The designs are usually hand drawn with henna: powdered henna is mixed with coffee or tea, lemon juice (to release the dye) and sugar (for consistency) into a paste which is then applied. The switch did not immediately bring him luck, and the Magic prevailed. The art known as Mehndi, common in Middle Eastern, North African and Asian countries (but particularly associated with India), is the application of intricate patterns and designs on the hands and feet. As he struggled with unaccustomed playoff difficulty, he broke out his old #23 jersey during a second-round playoff series against the Orlando Magic. Temporary tattoos are easily removed with soap and water or oil-based creams, and are intended to last a few days.

Jordan led the Bulls to the Eastern Conference Semifinals that year. They are generally applied to the skin using water to transfer the design to the surface of the skin. Because jersey #23 had been retired, he wore #45, his Barons number. Temporary tattoos are a type of body sticker, like a decal. He ended his basketball retirement on March 19, 1995 by rejoining the Bulls. According to George Orwell, workers in coal mines would wind up with characteristic tattoos owing to coal dust getting into wounds. Many consider this brief stab at baseball the only tarnish on his athletic career. The prices of cosmetic procedures are higher than design tattoos because most states require permanent makeup artists to be licensed aestheticians.

He was never called up to the majors. Permanent cosmetics are tattoos that enhance eyebrows, lips (liner or lipstick), eyes (shadow, mascara), and even moles, usually with natural colors as the designs are intended to resemble makeup. He led the club with 11 bases-loaded RBI and 25 RBI with runners in scoring position and two outs. [1] (http://www.cnn.com/2004/LAW/05/04/tattoo/). He had an unspectacular professional baseball career for the Birmingham Barons, a Chicago White Sox farm team, batting .202 with 3 HR, 51 RBI, 30 SB (tied-5th in Southern League), 11 errors and 6 outfield assists. Inmates will be trained to staff and operate the tattoo parlors once six of them open successfully. Jordan spent the next year pursuing a childhood dream: professional baseball. Legitimate parlors onsite would reduce risks of infection with makeshift tattoo guns, while also offering inmates the chance to cover up unsightly ink they received while incarcerated.

Perhaps weighed down by the August 1993 murder of his father, Michael retired from basketball two days before the 1993-94 NBA season, and the Bulls retired his #23 jersey. However, Canadian inmates may be able to safely tattoo themselves while incarcerated if a test of onsite prison tattoo parlors in the summer of 2005 proves to be successful. He had the following to say about Jordan:. Prisoners often dismiss these risks in a show of toughness. Jordan's coach was Phil Jackson. There is also significant risk of illness, including such blood-borne diseases as HIV and hepatitis. In 1997, he also recorded the only triple-double in an All-Star game. Tattoos created under such conditions are frequently painful, and the resulting designs are coarser.

Only Willis Reed (1970) and Shaquille O'Neal (2000) have won all three MVP awards in the same season. In most prisons, tattoo machines are not available so tattooing is done with crude "homemade" machines. He also earned the elusive MVP triple crown (league, finals, all-star game) twice when he won All-Star MVP in both 1996 and 1998 (he also won in 1988). The unit rapidly and repeatedly drives the needles in and out of the skin, usually 50 to 3,000 times a minute. He was also named Rookie of the Year (1985) and Defensive Player of the Year (1988), and won the Finals MVP award every year the Bulls reached the Finals -- a feat not likely to ever be duplicated. In this procedure, ink is inserted into the skin via a group of needles that are soldered onto a bar, which is attached to an oscillating unit. He won six NBA Championships (1991-1993 and 1996-1998) and was league MVP five times (1988, 1991, 1992, 1996 and 1998). The most common method of tattooing in modern times is with an electric tattoo machine.

Jordan played 13 seasons for the Bulls, generally as a shooting guard, but his height (6'6", or 1.98 m), skills, and physical conditioning also made him a versatile threat at point guard and small forward. Traditional Japanese tattoos (irezumi) are still "hand-poked," that is, the ink is inserted beneath the skin using non-electrical, hand-made and hand held tools with needles of sharpened bamboo or steel. He was selected by the Chicago Bulls in the first round of the 1984 NBA Draft as the third pick overall. Some cultures create tattooed marks by "tapping" the ink into the skin using sharpened sticks or animal bones. By his sophomore year, he was clearly the team's biggest star; as a junior, he was named the national player of the year. This may be an adjunct to scarification. He ended the 1982 year in grand style, hitting the winning shot in the 1982 NCAA championship game against Georgetown, led by future NBA rival Patrick Ewing. Some tribal cultures still create tattoos by cutting designs into the skin and rubbing the resulting wound with ink, ashes or other agents.

As a UNC freshman, Jordan was an exciting but not dominant player. Such tattoos are performed by veterinarians and the animals are anaesthetized to prevent pain. (Others call Jordan overrated [2] (http://airjudden2.tripod.com/jordan/index.htm) and point to Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Larry Bird, Wilt Chamberlain, Magic Johnson, Oscar Robertson, Bill Russell, and Shaquille O'Neal.) His jumping ability -- he could once dunk from the foul line -- earned him the nicknames "Air Jordan" and "His Airness.". Pets, show animals, thoroughbred horses and livestock are sometimes tattooed with identification marks, and certain of their body parts (for example, noses) have also been tattooed to prevent sunburn. In 1991, he was on the cover of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, and was named the magazine's "Sportsman of the Year." These and other achievements have persuaded many fans and several basketball legends[1] (http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/basketball/nba/features/jordan/news/2001/08/22/jordan_greatest/) that Jordan was the best ever to play the game. Tattoos are also placed on animals, though very rarely for decorative reasons. He was named to the All-Defensive First Team nine times, and led the league in steals three times. European sailors were known to tattoo the crucifixion on their backs to prevent flogging as a punishment.

He won six championships, notched 10 scoring titles, and was league MVP five times. The best known is the ka-tzetnik identification system for Jews in concentration camps during the Holocaust. A remarkable force at both ends of the floor, Jordan ended a career of 15 full seasons with a regular-season scoring average of 30.12 points per game, the highest in NBA history (ahead of Wilt Chamberlain's 30.06). Throughout history people have also been forcibly tattooed for a variety of reasons. Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963, in Brooklyn, New York) is a former National Basketball Association player, considered by many to be the greatest basketball player of all time. Some Maori males still choose to wear intricate moko on their faces. NBA All-Star Dunk Contest Champion: 1987, 1988. Today, people commonly choose to be tattooed for cosmetic, religious and magical reasons, as well as as a symbol of belonging to or identification with particular groups (see Criminal tattoos).

ACC Men's Basketball Player of the Year: 1983-84. Current estimates have one in seven or over 39 million people in North America who have at least one tattoo. Adolph Rupp Trophy: 1984. Tattoos are more popular now than at any time in recorded history. Wooden Award: 1984. The "modern" electric tattoo machine is fundamentally the same machine invented by Samuel O'Reilly in 1891, which was based on an electric engraving pen invented by Thomas Edison. John R. Europeans rediscovered tattooing during the exploration of the South Pacific under Captain James Cook in the 1770s, and sailors were particularly identified with tattoos in European culture until after World War I.

Naismith College Player of the Year: 1984. In addition, Chinese legend has it that the mother of Yue Fei, the most famous general of the Song Dynasty, tattooed the words 精忠報國 (pinyin: jin zhong bao guo) on his back with her sewing needle before he left to join the army, reminding him to "repay his country with total loyalty". NBA Rookie of the Year Award: 1984-85. Tattooing has also been featured prominently in one of the Four Classic Novels in Chinese literature, Water Margin, in which at least two of the 108 characters, Shi Jun and Yan Qing, were described as having tattoos covering nearly the whole of their bodies. NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award: 1987-88. The Man of Pazyryk was also tattooed with therapeutic dots lined up along the spinal column (lumbar region) and around the right ankle. NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award: 1990-91, 1991-92, 1992-93, 1995-96, 1996-97, 1997-98. Their tattooing involves animal designs repertory carried out in a curvilinear style.

NBA Most Valuable Player Award: 1987-88, 1990-91, 1991-92, 1995-96, 1997-98. Three tattooed mummies (c. 300 BC) were extracted from the permafrost of Altaï in second half of the 20th century (the Man of Payzyrk, during the forties; one female mummy and one male in Ukok plateau, during the nineties). Mair, The Tarim Mummies, London, 2000), some of them could date from the end of the 2nd millennium before our era. Mallory and V H. Still relatively unknown (the only current publications in Western languages are those of J P.

Tarim Basin (West China, Xinjiang) revealed several tattooed mummies of a European physical type. "Ötzi the Iceman", dated circa 3300 BC, exhibits therapeutic tattoos (small parallel dashes along lumbar and on the legs). Tattooing has been a Eurasian practice since Neolithic times. According to Robert Graves in his book The Greek Myths, tattooing was common amongst certain religious groups in the ancient Mediterranean world, which probably contributed to the prohibition of tattooing in Leviticus 19:28 in the Old Testament.

Japan, and China. Tattooing was widespread among Polynesian peoples, and in the Philippines, Borneo, Samoa, Africa, Mesoamerica. The Ainu, the indigenous people of Japan, wore unique facial tattoos. Tattooing has been a practice of almost every known people.

Tattoos, particularly full traditional body suits, are still popularly associated with the yakuza (mafia) in Japan; in reality, however, many yakuza members are choosing not to be tattooed to avoid this very stigma. It is widely believed that one of the initiation rites in becoming a triad member is silently withstanding the pain of receiving a tattoo the size of one's entire back in one sitting, usually performed in the traditional "hand-poked" style. It is said that most triad members in Hong Kong have a tattoo of a black dragon on the left bicep and one of a white tiger on the right; in fact, many people in Hong Kong use "left a black dragon, right a white tiger" as a euphemism for a triad member. It has been suggested that a majority of prisoners in US prisons have at least one tattoo.

Tattoos can be wholly or partially removed by cosmetic surgery but this can be expensive and may not be entirely effective in leaving unblemished skin. For this reason and others a large proportion of people who get tattoos subsequently regret it. Tattoos can therefore impair the wearer's career prospects. Many employers, especially in professional fields, dislike tattoos greatly.

For example, many businesses such as gyms, hot springs and recreational facilities in Japan still ban people with visible tattoos. In some areas, tattoos have a largely negative image. This is particularly true in East Asian countries and regions, where tattoos are still generally associated with criminality in the public's mind; therefore those who choose to be tattooed in such countries usually keep their tattoos covered for fear of reprisal. Many celebrities, particularly in the music industry, wear tattoos, but there are many others who have tattoos but generally keep them covered. "Tattoo Flash" is also the name of an American tattoo magazine.

Tattoo designs that are mass produced and sold to tattoo artists and studios are called flash. This usage is gaining support, with mainstream art galleries holding exhibitions of tattoo designs and photographs of tattoos. Most tattoo enthusiasts refer to tattoos as art and to tattooists (less often "tattooers") as artists. In Japanese the word used for traditional designs or those that are applied using traditional methods is irezumi, while "tattoo" is used for non-Japanese designs.

The origin of the word tattoo is usually traced to the Tahitian tatu or tatau, which means to mark or strike (the latter referring to traditional methods of applying the designs). In technical terms, tattooing is micro-pigment implantation. Tattoos are a type of body modification. This article is about the tattoo, a design in ink or some other pigment, usually decorative or symbolic, placed permanently under the skin. The Symbolism and Meaning of Many Popular Tattoo Designs Jennifer Gribbs Tattoo Design Guide (http://www.tattoojohnny.com/tattoo-design-guide.asp).

The Art of Tattooing Joshua Andrews Tattoology (http://www.tattoology.net). The Tattoo Machine Joshua Andrews link Source (http://www.howtotattoo.net). Safe Tattooing Joshua Andrews. Russian Criminal Tattoo Encyclopaedia Danzig Baldaev, ISBN 3882439203.

Tattoo Art Magazine. Total Tattoo Book Amy Krakow, ISBN 0446670014. provide clear aftercare instructions and products. always use fresh ink for each session, placing small amounts in disposable containers which are used for one client only.

always use properly sterilized non-disposable and disposable supplies. always open new, sterile needle packages in front of the client, and always use new, sterile disposable instruments. Many artists will change gloves one or more times during longer sessions. wash his or her hands with water and soap or an approved sanitizing agent, and wear latex gloves.

be willing and able to answer questions. ensure that the customer is satisfied with and sure about the design before applying it. refuse to tattoo minors, intoxicated people, or those incapable of consent due to mental defect. be knowledgeable, courteous and helpful.

accessible facilities for washing the hands with hot water and soap. an autoclave is usually required by law but is not really needed if the items to be used have been presterilized elsewhere. sharps containers for old needles. biohazard containers for blood-stained objects.

Renaut, 2004, French and English abstract) (http://www.ephe.sorbonne.fr/ED2/renaut.htm). PhD Thesis on body-marking in Antiquity (L. Renaut, 2004, French and English abstract) (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=GatewayURL&_origin=AUGATEWAY&_method=citationSearch&_piikey=S0003552103000840&_version=1&md5=f6dd58d559c19d58799b93a66225b038). Comparative study about Ötzi's therapeutic tattoos (L.