Mask

a 'shameful' mask (Schandmaske in German) is devised for public humiliation; a popular reduced form are donkey ears for a bad ('dumb') pupil or student. Some researchers also report the mobile phone industry has interfered with further research on health risks. The faceplates of spacesuit helmets. More recently a pan-European study provided significant evidence of genetic damage under certain conditions. Welder's masks. There is a small amount of scientific evidence for an increase in certain types of rare tumors (cancer) in long-time, heavy users. Ski masks. As with many new technologies, concerns have arisen about the effects on health from using a mobile telephone.

Sport masks such as fencing masks or ice hockey and American football goalkeeper's masks. Each network operator has a unique radio frequency band. CPR masks used in Cardiopulminary Resuscitation. Some technologies include AMPS for analog, and TDMA, CDMA, GSM, GPRS, EV-DO, and UMTS for digital communications. Anaesthetic masks used in surgery in hospitals. The technology that achieves this depends on the system which the mobile phone operator has adopted. Oxygen masks used as part of medical oxygen resuscitation kit. The dialogue between the handset and the cell site is a stream of digitized audio (except for the first generation analog networks).

Oxygen masks worn by high-altitude pilots. The switch in turn connects the call to another subscriber of the same wireless service provider or to the public telephone network, which includes the networks of other wireless carriers. See this link and this link for examples. Cell sites have relatively low-power (often only one or two Watts) radio transmitters which broadcast their presence and relay communications between the mobile handsets and the switch. These are usually fullface. As the user moves around the network, the mobile device will "hand off" to new cell sites. Breathing masks connected to some underwater breathing sets. The handset constantly listens for the strongest signal being received from the surrounding base stations.

These are usually fullface. When the cellular phone or data device is turned on, it registers with the mobile telephone exchange ("switch") with its unique identifiers, and will then be alerted by the mobile switch when there is an incoming telephone call. Breathing masks connected to some industrial breathing sets. The phones have a low-power transceiver that transmits voice and data to the nearest cell sites, usually .5 to 10 miles away. The familiar eyes-and-nose diving mask. However, all of them communicate through electromagnetic radio waves with a cell site/base station, the antennas of which are usually mounted on a tower, pole, or building. Gas masks. Mobile phones and the network they operate under vary significantly from provider to provider, and even from nation to nation.

Surgical masks. Mobile phones often have features beyond sending text messages and make voice calls—including Internet browsing, music (MP3) playback, personal organizers, e-mail, built-in cameras and camcorders, ringtones, games, radio, Push To Talk (PTT), infrared and bluetooth connectivity, call registers, and ability to watch streaming video or download video for later viewing. Filter masks. In the event of an emergency, disaster response crews can locate trapped or injured people using the signals from their mobile phones; an interactive menu accessible through the phone's Internet browser notifies the company if the user is safe or in distress. A cloth tied over the mouth and nose as a dust filter. In Japan, cellular phone companies provide immediate notification of earthquakes and other natural disasters to their customers free of charge. Protecting the face against flying objects or dangerous environments, while allowing vision. Stories like the London Bombings, the Indian Ocean Tsunami and Hurricane Katrina have been reported on by cameraphone users on news sites like NowPublic and photosharing sites like Flickr.

Providing a supply of breathable air or other oxygen-containing gas. Cameraphones and videophones that can capture video and take photographs are increasingly being used to cover breaking news. Participants in a black bloc at protests often wear masks, usually bandannas, to avoid recognition, and to protect against any riot control agents that may potentially be used. Mobile phone use on aircraft is also prohibited, but due to concerns of possible interference with aircraft radio communications. Occasionally a witness for the prosecution appears in court in a mask to avoid being recognized by associates of the accused. Many rail companies, particularly those providing long distance services, offer a "quiet car" where phone use is prohibited, much like the designated non-smoking cars in the past. In many jurisidictions, it is an additional criminal offense to wear a mask while committing a crime; it is also often a crime to wear a mask at public assemblies and demonstrations. It has become common practice for places like bookshops, libraries, movie theatres, and houses of worship to post signs prohibiting the use of mobile phones, sometimes even installing jamming equipment to prevent them.

Criminals often use masks to avoid identification when they commit crimes. Users often speak at increased volume, with little regard for other people nearby. Latex masks are used in cinema as part of elaborate character makeup. Mobile phone etiquette has become an important issue with mobiles ringing at funerals, weddings, movies, and plays. As part of the costume of a particular personage like Harlequin or a modern comic book superhero. The sale of commercial ringtones exceeded $2.5 billion in 2004 [1]. As a part of carnival celebrations in some parts of the world; Venice is most famous for this. This has emerged as its own industry.

To provide an aura of mystery with professional wrestlers, particularly in Mexico, as well as entertainers like the Unknown Comic, who always wore a paper bag over his head. The mobile phone itself has also become a totemic and fashion object, with users decorating, customizing, and accessorizing their mobile phones to reflect their personality. "theatrical mask". Cellular phones in Japan, offering Internet capabilities such as NTT DoCoMo's i-mode, offer text messaging via standard e-mail. The Ancient Greek word prosōpon = "face" originally meant "in front of the face", i.e. Many phones even offer Instant Messenger services to increase the simplicity and ease of texting on phones. The English word "person" came from a Latin word for a theatrical mask, persona, which itself came from the Etruscan word for a mask, phersu. The commercial market in SMS's is growing.

Some of the masks used in the Noh theatre display illusory facial expressions. Many people keep in touch using SMS, and a whole culture of "texting" has developed from this. Masks are also a defining characteristic of the Noh theatre of Japan. With high levels of mobile telephone penetration, a mobile culture has evolved, where the phone becomes a key social tool, and people rely on their mobile phone addressbook to keep in touch with their friends. Use of masks in the dramatic plays in Ancient Greece evolved from the ceremonial purpose. In some developing countries, where there is little existing fixed-line infrastructure, the mobile phone has become widespread. In theatre plays. It is not uncommon for young adults to simply own a mobile phone instead of a land-line for their residence.

All African masks fall into one of four categories: the ancestor spirit, the mythological hero, the combination of ancestor and hero, and the animal spirit. In many countries, mobile phones now outnumber land-line telephones, with most adults and many children now owning mobile phones. In Africa, especially West Africa, masks also play an important role in traditional ceremonies and theatrical dances. In less than twenty years, mobile phones have gone from being rare and expensive pieces of equipment used by businesses to a pervasive low-cost personal item. A mask used in such a festival is known as having been "danzada" or "danced." These hand-made, painted masks are typically made from wood and may use rope, animal horns or teeth, or rubber from tire inner tubes. In other countries, such as the United States, Japan, and South Korea, legislation does not require any particular standard, and GSM coexists with other standards, such as CDMA. The masks and costumes from these festivals have become collectors items. All European nations and some Asian nations legislated it as their sole standard.

These festivals frequently include parades and street theatre that act out a story. This is due to the equipment manufacturers working to meet one of a few standards, particularly the GSM standard which was designed for Europe-wide interoperability. All Christian saints have a specific day in the year dedicated to them, and each town typically has a festival on that day, involving a combination of Christian and indigenous tradition. The mobile phone has become ubiquitous because of the interoperability of mobile phones across different networks and countries. In Mexico and Central America, most towns have both a Christian name and an indigenous name, for example, Santiago Tianguistenco, or Santa Maria Axixitla. The availability of Prepaid or pay as you go services, where the subscriber does not have to commit to a long term contract, has helped fuel this growth. At present India and China have the largest growth rates of cellular subscribers in the world.

In most of Europe, wealthier parts of Asia and Latin America, Australia, Canada and the United States, mobile phones are now widely used, with the majority of the adult, teenage, and even child population owning one. Due to their low establishment costs and rapid deployment, mobile phone networks have since spread rapidly throughout the world, outstripping the growth of fixed telephony. Radio phones have a long and varied history that stretches back to the 1950s, with hand-held cellular radio devices being available since 1983. .

Mobile phones are also distinct from cordless telephones, which generally operate only within a limited range of a specific base station. There are also specialist communication systems related to, but distinct from mobile phones, such as satellite phones and Professional Mobile Radio. Some of the world's largest mobile phone manufacturers include Alcatel, Audiovox, Fujitsu, Kyocera (formerly the handset division of Qualcomm), LG, Motorola, NEC, Nokia, Panasonic (Matsushita Electric), Philips, Sagem, Samsung, Sanyo, Sharp, Siemens, SK Teletech, Sony Ericsson, and Toshiba. In addition to the standard voice function of a telephone, a mobile phone can support many additional services such as SMS for text messaging, packet switching for access to the Internet, and MMS for sending and receiving photos and video.

The mobile phone communicates via a cellular network of base stations, or cell sites, which are in turn linked to the conventional telephone network. Most current mobile phones connect instead to the network using a wireless radio wave transmission technology. A mobile phone or cell phone is an electronic telecommunications device with the same basic capability as a conventional fixed-line telephone, but which is also entirely portable and is not required to be connected with a wire to the telephone network. The GPS technology already available in some phones, while coupled with the camera phone, may also allow users in the future to not only take a picture, but snap the exact location and angle at which the picture was taken.

This would likely lead to maps and help finding where you are going, and supports social efforts, such as locating friends or group members nearby, and identifying some strangers. In the future, GPS positioning may be coupled with accelerometer positioning, for covering underground or indoor positioning. There are several cell phones that can perform GPS positioning. But it is likely that the bandwidth to communicate the video, and receive a processed model will exist.

It is unlikely that cell phones will have the processing power to construct models and textures. With time, this may develop into full 3D texturing and modeling. Image scanning, as seen in existing research [2] [3]. These methods avoid swamping the network by using traditional broadcasting.

The delivery of multimedia content including video to mobiles is beginning to become a reality with two main competing standards DMB - Digital Multimedia Broadcasting - and DVB-H - a handset version of the Digital Video Broadcasting standard. The technology is proving popular and there are now even vending machines that accept this form of payment. By charging up a phone with pre-paid cash credits, it can act as a sophisticated mobile-phone wallet. The system, pioneered by NTT DoCoMo and SonyEricsson, is called Felica and there are around 10,000 convenience stores where one can now use a phone to pay for goods just by 'swiping' it over a flat reader.

New technology in Japan has combined the RFID chip principle into the handset and hooked it up to a network of readers and interfaces. Directly tapping into the inner ear or the auditory nerve is already technologically feasible and will become practical as surgical methods advance. In addition, the implant was only designed to receive signals, not transmit them. The implant is currently powered externally, given that no current power source is small enough to fit inside the tooth with it.

Sound is transmitted via radio waves from another device (presumably a mobile phone) and received by the implant. This device consists of a radio receiver and transducer, which transmits the sound via bone conduction through the jawbone into the ear. Speculative improvements in the future may be inspired by an English team led by James Auger and Jimmy Loizeau who in 2002 developed an implant designed to be inserted into a tooth during dental surgery. However, different display technologies, such as OLED displays, e-paper or retinal displays, smarter communication hardware (directional antennae, multi-mode and peer-to-peer phones) may reduce power requirements, while new power technologies such as fuel cells may provide better energy capacity.

Colour screens and additional functions put increasing demands on the device's power source, and battery developments may not proceed sufficiently fast to compensate. Further improvements in battery life will be required. The new standard (UMA) has been developed for this. The emergence of integration capabilities with other unlicensed access technologies such as a WiMAX and WLAN, as well as allowing handover between traditional operator networks supporting GSM, CDMA and UMTS to unlicensed mobile networks.

Developments in podcast software enables mobile phones to become podcast playback devices through existing channels like MMS Podcast, J2ME Podcast and AMR-NB Podcast. Developments in miniaturised hard disks and flash drives to solve the storage space issue are already surfacing, therefore opening a window for phones to become portable music libraries and players similar to the iPod. Examples of companies that are currently developing this technology are Neomedia (via Paperclick), Mobot and Scanbuy. Searches can also be personalized to local areas using a GPS system built in to cell phones.

This technology can be extended to RFID tags, or even snapped pictures of company logos. Phones equipped with barcode reader-enabled cameras will be able to snap photos of barcodes and direct the user to corresponding sites on the Internet. New technologies are being explored that will utilize the Extended Internet and enable mobile phones to treat a barcode as a URL tag. However, to support more natural speech recognition and translation, a drastic improvement in the state of technology in these devices is required.

Many phones already have rudimentary speech recognition in a form of voice dialing. Mobile phones will include various speech technologies as they are being developed. Examples of companies that are currently developing this technology are Digital Airways with the Kaleido product, e-sim, mobile arsenal, and Qualcomm with UIOne for the BREW environment. New solutions are being developed to create new MMI more easily and let manufacturers and operators experiment new concepts.

An important area of evolution relates to the Man Machine Interface. Currently it is only available in stand-alone devices, such as Ectaco translators. One function that would be useful in phones is a translation function. However, this may be solved using folding e-paper or built-in projectors.

For example, ebooks may well become a distinct device, because of conflicting form-factor requirements — ebooks require large screens, while phones need to be smaller. One difficulty in adapting mobile phones to new uses is form factor.