Maryland

See List of people from Maryland. Jacksonville is the home of:. For a more exhaustive list, see List of cities in Maryland. The Sister Cities International in 2000 awarded Jacksonville's the Innovation Arts & Culture Award for the city's program with Nantes, France. See also:Places in Maryland Ranked by Per Capita Income. In 2000, Port Elizabeth, South Africa became the sixth. Notwithstanding numerical positions, the founding intent of Maryland has made the state prominent in US Catholic tradition. For example, Baltimore was the location of the first Catholic bishop in the USA ( 1789) and Emmitsburg, the home and burial place of the first American-born citizen to be canonized, St. Elizabeth Ann Seton. In 1990, Yingkou, China became the fifth.

The three largest Protestant denominations in Maryland are: Baptist (17% of the total state population), Methodist (14%), Lutheran (6%). In 1984, Nantes, France became the fourth. The present religious composition of the state is shown in the table below:. In 1983, Masan, South Korea became the third. Therefore, despite the founding intent of the colony, Catholics have never been in a majority in Maryland since early Colonial times. In 1975, Murmansk, Russia became the second. Nevertheless, the Crown later reversed that policy and discouraged the practice of Catholicism in Maryland. Jacksonville has several sister cities.[1] (http://www.jsca.org/) In 1967, Bahia Blanca, Argentina became Jacksonville's first sister city.

Maryland was founded for the purpose of providing religious toleration of England's Catholic minority.
Famous Jacksonville Bands (chronological by year band was formed). The five largest ancestries in Maryland are: African American (27.9%), German (15.7%), Irish (11.7%), English (9%), American (5.8%).
Famous Jacksonville Music Artists. The racial makeup of the state is:. The Skyway, specifically, has been criticized in that it goes from "nowhere to nowhere" in its limited route. The three counties of Western Maryland (Allegany, Garrett, and Washington) are mountainous and sparsely populated, resembling West Virginia more than they do the rest of Maryland. Many of the current transportation issues revolved around this event, and many services, such as the Jacksonville monorail system known as the Skyway, have been underutilized for many years.

The Eastern Shore is less populous and more rural, as are the counties of southern Maryland. Also, Super Bowl XXXIX in 2005 presented a host of problems and challenges for the Jacksonville area. Most of the people live in the central region of Maryland, in the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. The city is struggling to keep a balance between traditionally lower taxes and accommodating its rising population. As of 2003, the state's population was 5,508,909. Roads are increasingly clogged with more cars and public schools are crowded with more students. and Baltimore, and other towns. While the population increases, the city is forced to deal with maintaining an infrastructure that keeps up with this growth.

MARC trains, operated by the State's Transit Authority, connect nearby Washington, D.C. Some issues the city deals with today include how to fix the school system (including violence on school buses), controversies over a public high school named for Ku Klux Klan founder Nathan Bedford Forrest, and how to solve transportation problems (The Better Jacksonville Plan). Jacksonville also faces a double-edged sword of development. In addition, train service is provided between Washington, D.C., Rockville, Maryland, and Cumberland, Maryland on the Amtrak Capitol Limited.
Monthly:. Amtrak Trains serve Baltimore along the Northeast Corridor.
Weekly:. are also serviced by the other two airports in the region, Reagan National and Dulles International Airports, both in Virginia. Daily:.

The Maryland suburbs of Washington, D.C. Other notable structures include the Modis Building (once the defining building in the Jacksonville skyline, owned by Independent Life) with its distinctive flared base and the Riverplace Tower, which is the tallest pre-cast, post-tension concrete structure in the world. Maryland's main airport is Baltimore-Washington International Airport (formerly known as Friendship Airport and recently renamed for former Supreme Court justice Thurgood Marshall). Downtown Jacksonville has a memorable skyline with the tallest building being the Bank of America Building, constructed in 1990 with a height of 617ft (188m). I-695 is the Baltimore beltway. The city center includes the Jacksonville Landing shopping center and the Riverwalk. I-68 connects the western portions of the state to Frederick, and I-70 connects Frederick with Baltimore. Johns River and Atlantic Ocean.

Maryland's major Interstate Highways include I-95, which enters the northeast portion of the state, goes through Baltimore, and becomes the Capital Beltway to the Woodrow Wilson Bridge. Jacksonville also has significant natural beauty from the St. Historically, there used to be small gold mining operations in Maryland, some surprisingly near Washington, but these no longer exist. The Jacksonville Symphony Orchestra makes regular performances at the Times-Union Center for the Performing Arts near downtown. Mining other than construction materials is virtually limited to coal, located in the mountainous western part of the state. In construction mention should be made of the brownstone quarries in the east, which gave Baltimore and Washington much of their characteristic architecture in the mid-1800's. The city's biggest cultural event is the Jacksonville Jazz Festival, an annual event featuring many of the biggest names in jazz. Jacksonville also features two art museums, the Cummer Gallery of Art and the Jacksonville Museum of Modern Art. The once mighty primary metals sub-sector, which at one time included what was then the largest steel factory in the world at Sparrows Point, still exists, but is pressed with foreign competition, bankruptcies, and company mergers. Both the University of North Florida and Jacksonville University also field athletic teams in a number of sports.

Manufacturing, while large in dollar value, is highly diversified with no sub-sector contributing over 20% of the total. Typical forms of manufacturing include electronics, computer equipment, and chemicals. Other sports events include the annual Kingfish Tournament held in July, the Florida-Georgia football game, commonly known as "The World's Largest Outdoor Cocktail Party" held every October, and the Gator Bowl held in early January. The third component of the food producing sector are food processing plants, which are the most significant type of manufacturing by value in the state. Professional tennis is in town each year when the WTA holds the Bausch & Lomb Championships at Amelia Island Plantation near Fernandina Beach, just north of Jacksonville. There is also a large chicken-farming sector in the state. Jacksonville also features dozens of other golf courses and country clubs. In addition, the southern counties of the western shoreline of Chesapeake Bay support a tobacco cash crop zone, which has been in existence since early Colonial times. Augustine is home to the World Golf Village and World Golf Hall of Fame.

Agriculture is oriented to dairying for nearby large city milksheads plus specialty perishable horticulture crops, such as cucumbers, watermelons, sweet corn, tomatoes, muskmelons, squash, and peas (Source:USDA Crop Profiles). Nearby St. Maryland has a large amount of fertile agricultural land in its coastal and Piedmont zones, although this land use is being encroached upon by urbanization. In Ponte Vedra lies the Tournament Players Club at Sawgrass, one of the most famous golf courses in the world and home to the annual PGA TPC (The Player's Championship) tournament. While not, strictly speaking, a commercial food resource, the waterfowl support a tourism sector of sportsmen. Jacksonville is also a hub for the world famous golf opportunities of North Florida. The Bay also has uncounted millions of overwintering waterfowl in its many wildlife refuges. The game itself was played under ideal football weather (about 55 degrees Fahrenheit), and the New England Patriots defeated the Philadelphia Eagles, 24-21.

The largest catches by species are the blue crab, oysters, striped bass, and menhaden. Due to the milder climate and lesser amount of hotel space, many media critics decried Jacksonville as a sub-standard host for a Super Bowl, although local leaders felt the criticism was unwarranted. One component is commercial fishing, centered in Chesapeake Bay, but also including activity off the short Atlantic seacoast. The game was held on February 6, 2005 and featured halftime entertainment by former Beatle Sir Paul McCartney. Maryland has a large food producing sector. Jacksonville was named as the site for Super Bowl XXXIX, becoming the third city in the state of Florida (Miami and Tampa being the others) to host the event. A list of government agencies located in Maryland is summarized below:. Jacksonville is home to a number of professional sports teams:.

Altogether, white collar technical and administrative workers comprise 25% of Maryland's labor force, one of the highest state percentages in the country. In 2003, the JAXPORT Cruise Terminal opened, providing cruise service to Key West, Florida, The Bahamas, and Mexico. In fact, the various components of Johns Hopkins University and its medical research facilities are now the largest single employer in the Baltimore area. Amtrak passenger railroad serves Jacksonville from a station on Clifford Lane in the Northwest section of the city. In addition to these are many educational and medical research institutions. The city also operates an airfield at Cecil Commerce Center that is intended for aerospace manufacturing companies. and emphasizes technical and administrative tasks for the defense/aerospace industry and bio-research laboratories, as well as staffing of satellite government headquarters in the suburban or exurban Baltimore/Washington area. Smaller planes can fly to Craig Airport on the southside and Herlong Airport on the westside.

A second service activity takes advantage of the close location of the center of government in Washington, D.C. Major commercial air service in Jacksonville operates out of Jacksonville International Airport. Although the port handles a wide variety of products, the most typical imports are raw materials and bulk commodities, such as iron ore, petroleum, sugar, and fertilizers, often distributed to the relatively close manufacturing centers of the inland Midwest via good overland transportation. Hart Bridge, the Main Street Bridge, the Acosta Bridge, the Fuller Warren Bridge (which carries I-95 traffic) and the Buckman Bridge (which carries I-295 traffic). The port ranked 10th in the USA by tonnage in 2002 (Source: US Corps of Engineers, "Waterborn Commerce Statistics"). They include (starting from furthest downstream) the Dames Point Bridge, the Mathews Bridge, the Isaiah D. One major service activity is transportation, centered around the Port of Baltimore and its related rail and trucking access. Johns River at Jacksonville.

Maryland's economic activity is strongly concentrated in the tertiary service sector, and this sector, in turn, is strongly influenced by location. There are also numerous bridges over the St. The Bureau of Economic Analysis (http://www.bea.gov/) estimates that Maryland's total state product in 2003 was $212 billion. Per capita personal income in 2003 was $37,446, 5^th in the nation. Jacksonville is also home to the world headquarters of CSX Transportation. Growing climate varies from USDA Zone 8 on the Eastern Shore and in the cities of Baltimore and Washington DC to Zones 7 and 6 is the Piedmont, to Zone 5 in the mountainous west. Interstate 95 has a bypass route, I-295, which currently bypasses the city to the west. I-295 will eventually become a loop when State Road 9A is completed in the southeastern portion of the county. Extreme western Maryland has a mountain climate with mild summers and cold winters. However, there are very few Skyway stations and as such, traffic is quite light.

Beyond the plain rise the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains, and the Piedmont region has warm summers and colder winters, where snow often falls. The city has the Jacksonville Skyway Monorail, which loops around the central business district and is fairly cheap to use. Mary's City) are a part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, which has a humid subtropical climate of hot summers and mild winters. Public transportation is provided by the Jacksonville Transportation Authority. The Eastern Shore region, as well as a small part of the western shore (including Baltimore, Annapolis, and St. Turner Butler Boulevard (SR 202) also connect Jacksonville to the beaches. Climate varies greatly across the state, depending on factors like elevation, rainfall, and proximity to water. Additionaly, several other roads as well a major local expressway, J.

One of the most noted features of Delmarva is Maryland's Assateague Island, on the Atlantic, with its herd of wild ponies accustomed to the seashore. The eastern terminus of US-90 is in nearby Jacksonville Beach near the Atlantic Ocean. The Delmarva Peninsula is a geographic term for the Eastern Shore counties of Maryland, the state of Delaware, and two counties of Virginia, which all together form a long extension down the Atlantic seaboard. Interstate Highway 10 ends at this intersection (the other end being in California). This geographical curiosity, the " Maryland wasp-waist" is located near the small town of Hancock. Interstate Highways 10 and 95 intersect in Jacksonville. Also in Western Maryland, about two-thirds of the way across the state line, is a point at which the state of Maryland is only two miles wide. Former mayor John Delaney has been president of the University of North Florida since July 2003, parlaying his widespread popularity in the city into a highly coveted spot of leadership in the state university system.

The highest point in Maryland is Backbone Mountain, which is the southwest corner of Garrett County, right near the border with West Virginia near the headwaters of the North Branch of the Potomac. Jacksonville is home to Edward Waters College, Jacksonville University, and the University of North Florida, as well as the Florida Community College at Jacksonville, Trinity Baptist College, Jones College, Florida Technical College, Logos Christian College, and Florida Coastal School of Law. A portion of extreme western Maryland in Garrett County is drained by the Youghiogheny River as part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. Rainfall averages around 52 inches a year, with the wetter months being June through September. The Chesapeake Bay nearly bisects the state, and the counties east of the Bay are known collectively as the Eastern Shore. While not directly impacted, this area did receive major wind damage from Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne in 2004. It shares a border near the center of the state along the Potomac with Washington, DC. This area receives a brush with a Tropical Storm or better every 3.05 years.

Maryland is bounded on the north by Pennsylvania, on the west by West Virginia, on the east by Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south, across the Potomac River, by Virginia. The only major hurricane to hit the city has been Hurricane Dora, in 1964 with winds that had just barely diminished to 110mph, making it a strong Category 2, borderline Category 3. See: List of Maryland counties, List of Maryland rivers. Jacksonville is one of the few cities on the Eastern seaboard that have been spared from the wrath of numerous hurricanes. Virtually all state and county elections are held in even numbered years not divisible by four, in which the President of the United States is not elected - this, as in other States, is intended to divide State and Federal politics. In some years, the area sees snow, though this is uncommon. Most of the business of government is done in Annapolis, the State capital. Conversely, the area can experience many freezes and hard freezes during the night in the winter months.

Unlike most other states, significant autonomy is granted to many of Maryland's counties. High Temperatures can reach mid to high 90s with heat index ranges of 105-115F. Power in Maryland is divided among three branches of government, executive, legislative, and judicial. High heat indices are not uncommon for the summer months in the Jacksonville area. Maryland is a republic; the United States guarantees her "republican form of government" [|USC Article IV, section 4 (http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constitution.articleiv.html#section4)] although there is considerable disagreement about the meaning of that phrase. High temperatures average between 50 and 90 degrees (10-32 degrees Celsius) throughout the year. The United States is a federation; consequently, the Government of Maryland, like the other 49 state governments, has exclusive authority over matters that lie entirely within the state's borders, except as limited by the Constitution of the United States. Traditionally, Jacksonville enjoys mild weather in the winter and hot weather in the summer.

The Government of Maryland is conducted according to the state constitution. Out of the total population, 16.7% of those under the age of 18 and 12.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. Main article: Government of Maryland. 12.2% of the population and 9.4% of families are below the poverty line. The right to vote was not, however, extended to non-white males until 1867. The per capita income for the city is $20,337. Article 24 of that document outlawed the practice of slavery. Males have a median income of $32,547 versus $25,886 for females.

A constitutional convention was held during 1864 that culminated in the passage of a new state constitution on November 1 of that year. The median income for a household in the city is $40,316, and the median income for a family is $47,243. Because of this it was not included under the Emancipation Proclamation. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 90.6 males. Despite popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the United States Civil War, in part due to precautions taken by the government in Washington, D.C. For every 100 females there are 93.9 males. It was during this bombardment that the Star Spangled Banner was writen by Francis Scott Key. The median age is 34 years.

During the War of 1812 the British military attempted to capture the port of Baltimore which was protected by Fort McHenry. In the city, the population is spread out with 26.7% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 32.3% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who are 65 years of age or older. In 1708 the seat of government was moved to Providence, renamed Annapolis in honor of Queen Anne. The average household size is 2.53 and the average family size is 3.07. St Mary's City is now an archaelogical site, with a small tourist center. 26.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 7.7% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. During the persecution of Maryland Catholics by the Puritan revolutionary government, all of the original Catholic churches of southern Maryland were burned down. There are 284,499 households out of which 33.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% are married couples living together, 16.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% are non-families.

This lasted until 1658 when the Calvert family regained control and re-enacted the Toleration Act. 4.16% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. In 1650 the Puritans revolted against the proprietary government and set up a new government that outlawed both Catholicism and Anglicanism. The racial makeup of the city is 64.48% White, 29.03% Black or African American, 0.34% Native American, 2.78% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 1.33% from other races, and 1.99% from two or more races. After Virginia made the practice of Anglicanism mandatory, a large number of Puritans migrated from Virginia to Maryland, and were given land for a settlement called Providence (now called Annapolis). There are 308,826 housing units at an average density of 157.4/km² (407.6/mi²). Mary's City was the largest site of the original Maryland colony, and was the seat of the colonial government until 1708. The population density is 374.9/km² (970.9/mi²).

St. As of the census² of 2000, there are 735,617 people, 284,499 households, and 190,614 families residing in the city. The Calvert family, which controlled Maryland, and the Penn family, which controlled Pennsylvania, engaged two surveyors, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, to survey what became known as the Mason-Dixon line which would form the boundary between their two colonies. Under the new government structure, anyone living in Duval County is eligible to run for Mayor of the City of Jacksonville, even those living in the four separate municipalities. This was found to be a problem, because the northern boundary would put Philadelphia, the major city in Pennsylvania, within Maryland. The four separate communities provide their own services, while maintaining the right to contract the consolidated government to provide services for them. Originally, based on an incorrect map, the royal charter granted Maryland the Potomac River and territory northward to the fortieth parallel. Fire, police, health and welfare, recreation, public works, and housing and urban development were all combined under the new government.

The Maryland Toleration Act (1649) was one of the first laws that explicitly tolerated varieties of religion (as long as it was Christian), and is sometimes seen as a precursor to the First Amendment. Several authorities remain independent of the combined city-county government, including the school board, electric authority, port authority, and airport authority. Maryland was one of the key destinations of tens of thousands of British convicts, which carried on until independence. Not all city services were merged, making for a less-than-full consolidation of the city-county. The English colony of Maryland was founded by Lord Baltimore who on March 25, 1634 led the first settlers into this area which would soon become one of the few dominantly Catholic regions among the English colonies in America. The municipalities are Baldwin, Neptune Beach, Atlantic Beach and Jacksonville Beach. The new colony was named in honour of Henrietta Maria, Queen Consort of Charles I. These communities consist of only 6% of the total population within the county.

George Calvert died in April 1632, but a charter for "Maryland Colony" (in Latin, "Terra Maria") was granted to his son, Cæcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, on June 20, 1632. Four municipalities within Duval County voted not to join the consolidated government. George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore applied to Charles I for a new royal charter for what was to become the Province of Maryland. The city council has nineteen members, fourteen of whom are elected from districts, and five who are elected at-large. Main article: History of Maryland. He also has the power to hire and fire the head of various city departments. See: Annapolis Convention.. He holds veto power over all resolutions and ordinances made by the city council.

Its Associated Press abbreviation is Md. Maryland was one of the thirteen colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. The mayor is the Chief Executive and Administrative officer, called the Strong-Mayor form. postal abbreviation is MD. Jacksonville uses the Mayor-Council form of city government. Its U.S. On October 1, 1968, the governments merged to create the Consolidated City of Jacksonville. Maryland is a state of the United States, one of the South Atlantic States (although often considered part of the Northeast or Mid-Atlantic States). A consolidation referendum was held in 1967, and voters approved the plan.

See List of counties in Maryland. Lower taxes, increased economic development, unification of the community, better public spending and effective administration by a more central authority were all cited as reasons for a new consolidated government. Towson – county seat of suburban Baltimore County. Consolidation began to win more support during this period, from both inner city blacks (who wanted more involvement in government) and whites in the suburbs (who wanted more services and more control over the center city). Salisbury – largest city and business center of Delmarva pennisula. After a grand jury was convened to investigate, several officials were indicted and more were forced to resign. Rockville – business center of affluent Montgomery County northwest of Washington. In the mid 1960s, corruption scandals began to arise among many of the city's officials, who were mainly elected through the traditional good ol' boy network.

Ocean City – very popular beach resort on Atlantic coastline. Voters outside the city limits rejected annexation plans in six referendums between 1960 and 1965. Laurel – large suburban community directly between Baltimore and Washington on Interstate 95. In 1958, a study recommended that the City of Jacksonville begin annexing outlying communities in order to create the needed tax base to improve services throughout the county. Hagerstown – Largest community in 3 county Western Maryland region, has decaying industrial base. In addition, residents in unincorporated suburbs had difficulty obtaining municipal services such as sewage and building code enforcement. Frederick – Western gateway to Appalachian Mountains, suburban center. Much of the city's tax base dissipated, leading to problems with funding education, sanitation, and traffic control within the city limits.

Columbia – Large unincorporated town managed by the Columbia Association. However, the development of suburbs and a subsequent wave of "white flight" left Jacksonville with a much poorer population than before. suburb, home to the University of Maryland, College Park. Mayor Haydon Burns' "Jacksonville Story" resulted in the construction of a new city hall, civic auditorium, public library and other projects that created a dynamic sense of civic pride. College Park – D.C. After World War II, the government of the City of Jacksonville began to increase spending to fund new building projects in the boom that occurred after the war. Baltimore – Most populous city; commercial and cultural hub. Before he joined the police force, he was one of the youths who were involved in the axe handle riots.

Annapolis – state capital, home of United States Naval Academy. It should be noted that Nat Glover was the first (and only) African-American sheriff in the state of Florida since Reconstruction, winning two elections before running for mayor. Non-Religious – 8%. The only witness to the crime said he saw two black males running from the scene. Other Religions – 4%. Afterwards, Carlucci's business was vandalized with the words "NIGGER LOVER", and Glover's campaign headquarters was vandalized with "NO NIGGER MAYOR". Other Christian – 2%. Matt Carlucci, a white Republican endorsed Glover (a Democrat) after being defeated in the open primary.

Roman Catholic – 25%. On June 1, 2003, John Peyton became Mayor of Jacksonville after defeating African-American Sheriff Nat Glover. Protestant – 58%. The black students attending integrated schools endured racial epithets, being spit on and, in some extreme cases, being stoned by their white classmates. 2% Mixed race. Despite the progress, racial tension was very evident when the public schools in Jacksonville were integrated in 1967. 0.3% American Indian. In the aftermath of the Civil Rights Act and Ax Handle Saturday, the previously segregated African-American and European-American communities worked together in open dialog, integration, and participatory government.

4% Asian. Before the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African-Americans in Jacksonville were denied healthcare services at every hospital except the all-black Brewster Hospital, even when their condition was critical or life-threatening. 4.3% Hispanic. Rumors were rampant on both sides that the unrest was spreading around the county (in reality, the violence stayed in relatively the same location, and did not spill over into the mostly-white, upper-class Cedar Hills neighborhood, for example). The police did not make an attempt to stop the violence until the "blacks started holding their own.". 27.9% Black. The violence spread, and the white mob started attacking all African-Americans in sight. 62.1% White non-Hispanic. A group of white men (allegedly some were also members of the Ku Klux Klan) armed with baseball bats and ax handles attacked civil rights protesters conducting sit-ins at segregated downtown restaurants.

Fort Detrick. This came to a head on "Ax Handle Saturday", August 27, 1960. Webster Field. Jacksonville has a history of racial segregation and violence. Naval Air Station Patuxent River. While the city is more independent from the Navy today, it is still a strong influence in the community. Indian Head Naval Surface Weapons Center. More than half of the residents in Jacksonville had some tie to the naval base, whether it be a relative stationed there, or due to employment opportunities, by 1970.

Fort Meade. The naval base became a key training ground in the 1950s and 1960s and as such, the population of the city rose dramatically. Bethesda Naval Medical Center. Marys, Georgia, which is home to part of the US Navy's nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) fleet. Andrews Air Force Base. Jacksonville is also not far from Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay in St. Aberdeen Proving Ground. NS Mayport current employs about 14,000 personnel.

Consumer Product Safety Commission. Kennedy. U.S. This port developed through World War II and today is the home port for many types of navy ships, most notably the aircraft carrier USS John F. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Johns River. Social Security Administration (SSA). December 1942 saw the addition of a third naval installation to Jacksonville: Naval Station Mayport at the mouth of the St.