Louisiana

Slavery and Louisiana.
. There is now a Six Flags in New Orleans East.
. For almost 20 years there was only one amusement park in Louisiana, called Hamel's Amusement Park near Bossier City. The Lake Alvord Bridge was designated a civil engineering landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in the 1970's. They still maintain contacts with the Canary Islands, and have an annual "Caldo" festival named for a native dish. Ironically, the city's few reinforced concrete structures, including the Lake Alvord Bridge, survived the 1906 earthquake and fire in remarkable shape, vindicating Ransome's faith in the method.

Many of their descendants remained insulated from the city, and continued to speak an archaic version of Spanish well into the 20th Century. Ransome left San Francisco a few year's later, frustrated and bitter at the building community's indifference to concrete construction. Bernard Parish, in the river passes east of the city, along an old mouth of the Mississippi River which they named Terre Aux Bouefs (literally "Land of the Cows" for the cattle living there). E.L. They settled in what is modern-day St. The face of the bridge was scored and hammered to resemble sandstone. There were intended to help guard the eastern approaches to New Orleans from invasion by the British. Ransome is believed to have used his patented cold-twisted square steel bar for reinforcement, placed longitudinally in the arch and curved in the same arc.

The Islenos are dirrect descendants of Canary Islanders forced to migrate by the Spanish King beginning in the mid-1770s. The bridge was constructed as a single arch 64-feet wide with a 20-foot span. There is also a distinct Spanish-descended group in Louisiana. Ransome, the great 19th century innovator in reinforced concrete design, mixing equipment, and construction systems. Two separate historically Francophone communities exist in Louisiana. Known as the Lake Alvord Bridge, it was built in 1889 by Ernest L. For schools see List of school districts in Louisiana. Moore.

Ranked by per capita income. Other famous San Franciscans include philanthropist Gordon Getty, publisher William Randolph Hearst, and co-founder of Intel Corporation and the author of Moore's law, Gordon E. See also: List of famous people from Louisiana; List of Louisiana musicians; Music of Louisiana. US Supreme Court Associate Justice Stephen Breyer, former Governors of California Jerry Brown and Pat Brown, US Senator Dianne Feinstein, former US Secretaries of Defense Robert McNamara and Caspar Weinberger, and gay rights activists Harvey Milk and Jose Sarria were or are San Franciscans who made names for themselves in politics. Its industrial outputs include chemical products, petroleum and coal products, food processing, transportation equipment, paper products, and tourism. Simpson, and baseball legend Joe DiMaggio are all sportspeople with San Francisco connections. The state's principal agricultural outputs include seafood, cotton, soybeans, cattle, sugarcane, poultry and eggs, dairy products, and rice. Baseball player Barry Bonds, American football legend O.J.

Its Per Capita Personal Income was $26,312, 43^rd in the nation. Photographer Ansel Adams, writer Anne Rice, comedian Gracie Allen, actor and director Clint Eastwood, "mother" of Modern Dance Isadora Duncan, Jerry Garcia of the Grateful Dead, author Jack London, musician Carlos Santana, Metallica guitarist Kirk Hammett, personality Courtney Love, and actor/comic Robin Williams are examples of notable arts and entertainment figures who have lived in the city. The total gross state product in 2003 for Louisiana was $140 billion. Many notable people have grown up in or have lived as adults in San Francisco. Highway 90. There are now plans in the works to build a major cruise ship terminal/mall similar to Pier 39. Also, Interstate 49 is slated to be expanded north into Arkansas and east along Interstate 10 to New Orleans, replacing part of U.S. Most of the port's activities are now mostly for commuter ferries that leave from the Ferry Building, cruise ship docking, and tourism.

There are proposed plans to extend Interstate 69 to the Texas/Mexico border, which will go through north-eastern Louisiana. Many of the piers remained derelict for years until recently, when the port converted many of the piers to office space and sold them. State and Federal government efforts to halt or reverse this phenomenon are under way; others are being sought. The advent of container shipping made San Francisco's pier based port obsolete, as much of the city's container traffic is now limited to a small port in the south-east corner of the city, or sent across the bay to the Port of Oakland. Owing to the extensive flood control measures along the Mississippi river and to natural subsidence, Louisiana is now suffering the loss of coastal land area. The Port of San Francisco was once the largest and busiest seaport on the west coast. Near the coast, there are many salt domes, where salt is mined and oil is often found. Other large airports in the region include Oakland International Airport, 32.2 km (20 miles) from San Francisco and San Jose International Airport, 70.8 km (44 miles) from San Francisco.

It was originally covered by an arm of the sea, and has been built up by the silt carried down the valley by the great river. Rail extensions there include BART. A large part of Louisiana is the creation and product of the Mississippi River. It is the only major international hub airport in California other than LAX in Los Angeles. During the late 1990s economic boom, SFO was the sixth busiest international airport in the world, but has since fallen off of the top ten during the economic depression of 2000-2001. The underlying strata of the state are of Cretaceous age and are covered by alluvial deposits of Tertiary and post-Tertiary origin. San Francisco International Airport dubbed SFO, is located 12.9 km (8 miles) south of the city in San Mateo County on a landfill extension into the San Francisco Bay. The state also has 1,060 square miles of land-locked bays, 1,700 square miles of inland lakes, and a river surface of over 500 square miles. The Phoenix symbolizes the city's emergence from the ashes of several devastating fires in the early 1850's.

Besides the navigable rivers already named (some of which are called bayous), there are the Sabine, forming the western boundary, and the Pearl, the eastern boundary, the Calcasieu, the Mermentau, the Vermilion, the Teche, the Atchafalaya, the Boeuf, the Lafourche, the Courtableau, the D'Arbonne, the Macon, the Tensas, the Amite, the Tchefuncta, the Tickfaw, the Matalbany, and a number of other streams of lesser note, constituting a natural system of navigable waterways, aggregating over 4,000 miles in length, which is unequalled in the United States and probably in the world. Above is a rising phoenix and behind is the bay with sailing ships. The elevations above sea-level range from 10 feet at the coast and swamp lands to 50 and 60 feet at the prairie and alluvial lands. In the uplands and hills the elevations rise to Mount Driskoll, the highest point in the state at only 535 feet above sea level, located in northwest Louisiana. The seal, which was adopted in the 1850's, depicts two working men, on one side a miner and on the other a sailor with a sextant. The uplands and contiguous hill lands have an area of more than 25,000 square miles, and they consist of prairie and woodlands. Underneath the phoenix it has a motto written in Spanish: "Oro en Paz, Fierro en Guerra," which translates into: "Gold in Peace, Iron in War.". With the maintenances of strong levees these alluvial lands would enjoy perpetual immunity from inundation. The flag depicts an arising Phoenix, symbolic of the City's recovery from the 1906 fire.

These floods, however, do not occur annually, and they may be said to be exceptional. Other fictional works set in San Francisco include The Joy Luck Club, The Maltese Falcon, and Tales of the City. These alluvial lands are never inundated save when breaks occur in the levees by which they are protected against the floods of the Mississippi and its tributaries. Landmarks from the city in that game include the Golden Gate and Bay Bridges, City Hall, the Transamerica Pyramid, cable cars, and Chinatown. The lands along other streams present very similar features. The city is featured in the popular video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas as the fictional city San Fierro. The Mississippi flows upon a ridge formed by its own deposits, from which the lands incline toward the low swamps beyond at an average fall of six feet per mile. Doubtfire, The Game, Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, Pacific Heights, Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home, The Presidio, Dirty Harry, Bullitt, Twisted, and Vertigo.

The breadth of the alluvial region along the Mississippi is from 10 to 60 miles, and along the other streams it averages about 10 miles. Movies set in the city include Basic Instinct, The Conversation Edtv, Mrs. The surface of the state may properly be divided into two parts, the uplands, and the alluvial and coast and swamp regions. The alluvial regions, including the low swamps and coast lands, cover an area of about 20,000 square miles; they lie principally along the Mississippi River, which traverses the state from north to south for a distance of about 600 miles and ultimately emptying into the Gulf of Mexico, the Red River, the Ouachita River and its branches, and other minor streams. San Francisco has been the setting for numerous television programs, such as Dharma & Greg, Full House, The Streets of San Francisco, Charmed, The Midnight Caller and, more recently, Monk. See: List of Louisiana parishes. It is the world's most popular destination for Gay Tourists and hosts the world's largest Gay pride parade and festival in June. See: List of Louisiana Governors, Napoleon Bonaparte. Due to the high number of Gay people in the Castro District and Noe Valley and the city's history with Gay Rights, San Francisco is known as the "Gay Mecca".

All other states use the First Past the Post electoral system to elect Senators, Representatives, and statewide officials. The Bohemian Grove an exculsive retreat for the rich and powerful, is located north of the city in Sonoma County while it maintains a club within city limits. Therefore it is common for a Democrat to be in a runoff with a fellow Democrat or a Republican to be in a runoff with a fellow Republican. The Sierra Club is headquarted in the city. This runoff does not take into account party identification. Ironically, the Republican Party have also held 2 conventions in the city while San Francisco's liberalism was budding in the late 1950s and the early 1960s. If no candidate has more than 50% of the vote, the two candidates with the highest vote total compete in a runoff election approximately one month later. This started with the beat generation or beatniks in the North Beach area and the San Francisco Renaissance in the 1950s to the hippie culture and the Summer of Love in the Haight Ashbury in the 1960s and early 1970s, to rave culture in the 1990s.

All candidates run in an open primary on Election Day, in which multiple candidates from the same party may be on the ballot. It is also the primary support base for the Green Party. states in using a runoff in state, local, and congressional elections. It is the unofficial center and capitial of left-wing activity in the United States. It is a loyal stronghold for the Democratic Party as it held a convention here in 1920 and again in 1984. Louisiana is unique among U.S. Following World War II, San Francisco became a nerve center of alternative culture and lifestyle in the United States that is still dominant in the city's culture today. Property, contractual, and family law are still mostly based on traditional Roman legal thinking and have little in common with English law. The American Indian Film Institute which organizes the annual American Indian Film Festival is based in San Francisco.

While most of the differences are now found in verbiage, it is important to note that the "Civilian" tradition is still deeply rooted in all aspects of Louisiana law. San Francisco's Ballet and Opera are the some of the oldest continuning performing arts companies in the United States. Great differences still exist between Louisiana Civil Law and the Common Law found in her 49 sister states. In terms of performing arts, San Francisco boasts the San Francisco Symphony, the San Francisco Opera and the San Francisco Ballet. Louisiana was never governed by the Napoleonic Code. Between Portola and Glenview streets lies San Francisco's high school SOTA (School of the Arts), dedicated to the performing arts. It is important to note that the Louisiana Civil Code and the French Civil Code, often referred to as the Napoleonic Code, came into existence at roughly the same time. Museums include San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the California Palace of the Legion of Honor and the Cable Car Museum, along with offbeat museums such as Ripley's Believe it or Not Museum and the Tattoo Art Museum.

Technically, it is known as "Civil Law," or the "Civilian System." It is often incorrectly referred to as the "Code Napoleon" or The Napoleonic Code. Some of the most notable landmarks are the Transamerica Pyramid and Golden Gate Bridge. Louisiana is the only state whose legal system is based on Roman, Spanish, and French civil law as opposed to English common law. A large fresh-water lake, Lake Merced, is located in the south west corner of the city near San Francisco State University and Fort Funston. Louisiana has seven U.S. Congressmen, five of which are Republicans, two of which are Democrats. Buena Vista Park located in the Haight-Ashbury, is the city's oldest, established in 1867. senators are Mary Landrieu (Democrat) and David Vitter (Republican). Another notable park is The Presidio, which is just one part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, which also includes Alcatraz.

Its governor is Kathleen Babineaux Blanco (Democrat) and its two U.S. The best-known, as well as biggest, park is Golden Gate Park which is 174 acres larger than New York's Central Park. The capital of Louisiana is Baton Rouge. Related topics: Maps of San Francisco, California. throughout the rest of the war. The cornerstone of this development is the new SBC Park baseball stadium and an extension of the University of California, San Francisco medical school. New Orleans was captured by Federal troops on April 25, 1862. As significant portions of the population had Union sympathies, the Federal government took the unusual step of recognizing the areas of Louisiana under Federal control as a state within the Union with elected representatives who were sent to the congress in Washington, D.C. A new neighborhood is being developed at the far eastern end of South of Market that is being called Mission Bay.

In the American Civil War Louisiana seceded from the Union on January 26, 1861. The South of Market neighborhood was one of the epicenters of the dot-com boom of the 1990s thus being a showcase of contemporary urban development. Donaldsonville, Opelousas, and Shreveport have also briefly served as the seat of governments of Louisiana. Arguably, the point of gravity in terms of demographic and land use change is moving east & south. In 1849 the capital moved from New Orleans to Baton Rouge. The Castro neigborhood has the world's highest concentration of Gays. There are still remnants of its former status as a possession of France, including: the use of a civil law legal system, based on the Louisiana Civil Code, which is similar to (and often confused with) the Napoleonic Code (like France, and unlike the rest of the United States, which uses a common law legal system derived from England), the term "parishes" being used to describe the state's sub-divisions as opposed to "counties", etc. Haight-Ashbury gained prominence during the 1960s as one of the prominent concentrations of hippies.

The western boundary of Louisiana with Spanish Texas remained in dispute until the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1819, with the Sabine Free State serving as a neutral buffer zone as well as a haven for criminals. Russian Hill is probably most noted for the top end of that portion of Lombard Street that is sometimes referred to as "the crookedest (most winding) street in the world". The Florida Parishes were annexed from Spanish West Florida by proclamation of President James Madison in 1810. The predominantly latino Mission District is one of the oldest neighborhoods, as it was the site of one of the twenty one missions in California. In 1803 the United States purchased the French province of Louisiana (see Louisiana Purchase) and divided it into two territories: the Orleans Territory (which became the state of Louisiana in 1812) and the District of Louisiana (which consisted of all the land not included in Orleans Territory). It also boasts a budding Vietnamese community in the Tenderloin neighborhood, an Italian community in North Beach, a French Quarter and a Russian community in the Richmond district. In 1800 France's Napoleon Bonaparte re-acquired Louisiana from Spain in the Treaty of San Ildefonso, although this was kept secret for some two years. Like many large cities in the US, San Francisco has a Japantown and Chinatown; both are among the largest and oldest in the US.

During the period of Spanish rule, several thousand French-speaking refugees from the region of Acadia made their way to Louisiana following British expulsion; settling largely in the southwestern bayous, they became known as the Cajuns. There are also a number of private art schools that operate across the city. The rest of Louisiana became a colony of Spain by the Treaty of Fountainebleau of 1762. Private schools include:. Most of the territory to the east of the Mississippi was lost to Great Britain in the French and Indian War, except for the area around New Orleans and the parishes around Lake Pontchartrain. Public Universities include:. Initially Mobile, Alabama and Biloxi, Mississippi functioned as the capital of the colony; from 1722 on New Orleans fulfilled that role. Despite its limited geographical space, San Francisco is home to a multitude of Universities and Colleges.

See also: French colonization of the Americas. San Francisco also boasts of legendary venues such as The Fillmore and The Warfield. Most of the settlement concentrated along the banks of the Mississippi and its major tributaries, with trading outposts and mission settlements in the Illinois Country, as far north as Peoria, Illinois and a number of settlements in the area around near present-day Saint Louis, Missouri. Major areas of nightlife in San Francisco are: in North Beach, the Mission District, and South of Market. The French colony of Louisiana originally claimed a great region of land on both sides of the Mississippi River and north to Canada. San Francisco also has great nightlife ranging from bars to lounges to clubs. The first permanent settlement was founded by Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville in 1699. Records aside, the race is best known for its colorful costumes and celebratory community spirit (it was initiated after the disastrous 1906 earthquake as a way to boost the city's spirits).

Louisiana was named by the French explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle in honour of Louis XIV in 1682. The city is also the home of the annual Bay to Breakers footrace, which holds the world records for greatest number of participants in a footrace (110K in 1986) as well as longest consecutively running footrace (annually since 1912). Thereafter the region was long neglected by the Spanish authorities, and the next explorers were French. College sports include the University of San Francisco Dons. Some 13 years later Hernando de Soto's expedition crossed through the region. The basketball and ice hockey teams were once based out of San Francisco and played out of the Cow Palace located at the southern border with Daly City. The first European explorers to visit what is now Louisiana was a Spanish expedition in 1528 led by Panfilo de Narváez which located the mouth of the Mississippi River. The regional National Hockey League team, the San Jose Sharks play in San Jose.

What follows is a partial list, using current parish boundaries as rough approximations of locations.^{[1] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana#endnote_sturdevent-67)}. The regional National Basketball Association team, the Golden State Warriors play across the bay in Oakland. The lasting mark of the Native Americans can be seen even today in the names used in Louisiana, such as Atchafalaya, Natchitouches (now spelled Natchitoches), Caddo, Houma, Tangipahoa, and Avoyel (Avoyelles Parish). San Francisco is the home of the San Francisco 49ers National Football League team and the San Francisco Giants Major League Baseball team. Louisiana was long inhabited by Native American tribes before the arrival of Europeans. A small fleet of commuter ferries operate from the Embarcadero to points in Marin County, Oakland, and north to Vallejo in Solano County. Today, English is by far the main language of everyday life, but traces of French survive in local dialects. In addition, a commuter rail service, Caltrain, operates between San Francisco, San Jose, California and Gilroy, California.

While the state has no declared "official language", its law recognizes both English and French. BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit) is the regional transit system, which connects San Francisco with the East Bay through an underwater tunnel, and the San Mateo County, California communities on the San Francisco Peninsula. Among the states, Louisiana has a unique culture, owing to its French colonial heritage. Muni is the city-owned public transit system which operates the Muni Metro light rail system, the F Market heritage streetcar line and the famous San Francisco cable car system (see above), together with buses and electric trolleybuses. The state is bordered to the west by the state of Texas, to the north by Arkansas, to the east by the state of Mississippi, and to the south by the Gulf of Mexico. San Francisco has the most extensive and best connected public transit system on the west coast and one of the most diverse in the country. postal abbreviation LA. Going northbound, 101 uses arterial streets, Van Ness Avenue and Lombard Street to the Golden Gate Bridge across to Marin County. Interstate 280 which also begins and ends in the city and goes southbound towards Silicon Valley and Highway 1 which bisects the westside of the city as a arterial thoroughfare.

It uses the U.S. The major highways in San Francisco are Interstate 80 which begins at the Bay Bridge and goes eastbound; US 101 which begins where 80 ends/begins off and goes southbound towards the Silicon Valley. Louisiana (pronounced /luːˌiːzɪˈænə/ or /ˌluːzɪˈænə/) (French: Louisiane, pronounced /lwizjan/) is a Southern state of the United States of America. Similarly, the Golden Gate Bridge is the only direct road access to Marin County from San Francisco. ^ Sturdevent, William C. (1967): Early Indian Tribes, Cultures, and Linguistic Stocks (http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/united_states/early_indian_east.jpg), Smithsonian Institution Map (Eastern United States). The Bay Bridge is the only link that provides road direct access to the east bay from San Francisco. Many of the freed slaves in Louisiana in turn purchased their own slaves, which led to the state having one of the largest numbers of slave owning blacks in America, if not the largest. Because of its unique geography, and the "Freeway Revolt", San Francisco is one of the few major cities in the US next to Boston and New York City that has opted for European style arterial thoroughfares instead of a large network of major highways.

While one would think that this would lead to a dramatic reduction in the amount of slavery in the state, this is not the case. Related topics: Maps of San Francisco, California. It did, however, have one of the largest free black populations in the United States. Out of the total population, 13.5% of those under the age of 18 and 10.5% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. Louisiana was a slave state. 11.3% of the population and 7.8% of families are below the poverty line. Most Acadians declined and emigrated from Canada, most of them fleeing to the South Western portion of Louisiana, centered in the region around Lafayette. The per capita income for the city is $34,556.

When the British won the French and Indian War, the British forced all of the citizens to take a pledge of allegiance. Males have a median income of $46,260 versus $40,049 for females. The ancestors of the Cajuns are the Acadians, a French-descended people of what are now New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, Canada. The median income for a household in the city is $55,221, and the median income for a family is $63,545. The ancestors of Creoles generally came to Louisiana directly from France or from the French colonies in the Caribbean and settled in New Orleans or in South Eastern Louisiana. For every 100 females there are 103.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 103.1 males. State songs: You Are My Sunshine, Every Man a King, and Give Me Louisiana. The median age is 36 years.

State food: Gumbo. In the city the population is spread out with 14.5% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 40.5% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who are 65 years of age or older. State amphibian: Green Tree Frog. The average household size is 2.30 and the average family size is 3.22. State crustacean : Crawfish. 38.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.8% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. State insect: Honeybee. There are 329,700 households out of which 16.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.6% are married couples living together, 8.9% have a female householder with no husband present, and 56.0% are non-families.

State reptile : American Alligator. The ethnic makeup is 19.6% Chinese, 8.8% Irish, 7.7% German, and 6.1% English. State wildflower : Louisiana Iris. 14.10% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. State mammal : Louisiana Black Bear. The racial makeup of the city is 49.66% White, 7.79% African American, 0.45% Native American, 30.84% Asian, 0.49% Pacific Islander, 6.48% from other races, and 4.28% from two or more races. State tree : Bald Cypress. There are 346,527 housing units at an average density of 2,865.6/km² (7,421.2/mi²).

State fossil : Petrified palmwood. The population density is 6,423.2/km² (16,634.4/mi²), making it the second densest city (and fifth densest county) in the country [3] (http://gislounge.com/features/aa041101c.shtml). State flower : Magnolia. As of the census² of 2000, there are 776,733 people, 329,700 households, and 145,068 families residing in the city. State bird : Eastern Brown Pelican. See also: List of Mayors of San Francisco, California. State dog : Catahoula Leopard Dog. The headquarters of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, the Supreme Court of California, and the First Appelate District of the California Courts of Appeal are in San Francisco.

Bossier-Shreveport Mudbugs - CHL. The current President of the Board of Supervisors is Aaron Peskin. Louisiana IceGators - ECHL. The current mayor is Gavin Newsom. New Orleans Brass (1997 - 2003) - ECHL. One good place to read about San Francisco politics is at The Usual Suspects, at [2] (http://www.SFUsualSuspects.com). Minor League Hockey