The Lion King

Simba himself temporarilly joins the protagonists' party, all of whom are transformed into wild animal versions of themselves.(Sora is a black lion cub, Donald Duck is a less anthromorphic, Zazu-esque bird, and Goofy, a tortoise.). Perhaps the most renowned work of literature dealing largely with the concept of memory is Marcel Proust's monumental In Search of Lost Time. Simba makes a third appearance in the series in Kingdom Hearts II, along with many other characters from the The Lion King. Several works of the Czech author Milan Kundera explore the nature of personal memory in relation to social or historical memory, especially the novels Ignorance, The Book of Laughter and Forgetting, and Immortality. Simba makes an appearance in the PlayStation 2 game Kingdom Hearts as well as Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories as a summon. The late works of the 20th-century composer Morton Feldman explore the nature of memory and methods through which it can be disorientated. However, the first game was criticized for being too difficult, even for seasoned gamers. The paintings of Howard Hodgkin, while apparently abstract, are said by the artist to be representations of his memories and their emotional associations.

Both games received an enthusiastic reception from players and critics alike. The film Memento, about a man afflicted with anterograde amnesia, reflects on the nature and meaning of memory, and implications of its loss. A third game was published in 2004 simply called "The Lion King" for GBA but was in fact a game based on the third move with Timon and Pumbaa as the playable characters. Artworks often explore the nature of memory. The second was published in 2000 by Activision and was released on Playstation and Game Boy Color. This method of learning involves repetition, with the assumption that an individual can learn a necessary process or an amount of information through repetitive action or study, such to the point that it becomes near-automatic. The first was published in 1994 by Virgin and was released on SNES, Game Boy, Sega Megadrive, Game Gear, PC and Amiga. Memorization, or rote learning, is a method of learning that conditions an individual to recall important information verbatim.

Two video games based on the film have been released. Other neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease can also affect memory and cognition. When Littlefoot is crying over his mother, an old reptile gives him advice, mentioning "The Great Circle of Life." In the last part of the movie, Littlefoot's mother's ghost appears to him in cloud form and speaks to him; similar to how Mufasa speaks to Simba. There are many sorts of amnesia, and by studying their different forms, it has become possible to observe apparent defects in individual sub-systems of the brain's memory systems, and thus hypothesize their function in the normally working brain. The Land Before Time has a few concepts that were apparently borrowed for use in The Lion King. Loss of memory is known as amnesia. The story can therefore be dismissed as an urban legend. Much of the current knowledge of memory has come from studying memory disorders.

However, although the scene can provoke laughter and confusion, the scene was not actually removed. Learning and memory are attributed to changes in neuronal synapses, thought to be mediated by long-term potentiation and long-term depression. To some, the story goes, this looks like the lionesses were crying toilet paper, causing the audience to laugh at an inappropriate moment. Further, it is not sufficient to describe memory, and its counterpart, learning, as solely dependent on specific brain regions. When Mufasa dies, the lionesses cry over his dead body: this is enacted using a Japanese bunraku puppet mourning technique in which ribbons flow out of the eyes to symbolize tears. However, rather than implicating a specific area, it could be that damage to adjacent areas, or to a pathway traveling through the area is actually responsible for the observed deficit. It has been said part of a scene was removed from the American version of The Lion King stage musical. Damage to certain areas in patients and animal models and subsequent memory deficits is a primary source of information.

In July 2004 the family filed suit, seeking $1.6 million in royalties. For example, the hippocampus is believed to be involved in spatial learning and declarative learning. The use of the song "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" has led to disputes between Disney and the family of South African Solomon Linda, who composed the song (originally titled "Mbube") in 1939. Brain areas such as the hippocampus, the amygdala, or the mammillary bodies are thought to be involved in certain kinds of memory. During the restoration of the film for IMAX and DVD, the frames were altered to not include the word. Overall, the mechanisms of memory are not well understood. An examination of the actual frames in question supports this latter claim, as the lower part of the alleged "E" is indeed astray. Cues do not need to be related to the action (as the mailbox example is), and lists, sticky-notes, knotted hankerchiefs, or string around the finger (see box) are all examples of cues that are produced by people as a strategy to enhance prospective memory.

According to Disney, however, it is supposed to read "SFX" (a common abbreviation of "special effects"), and was a sort of innocent "signature" signed by the effects animation team to the work they did. Event-based prospective memories are intentions triggered by cues, such as remembering to post a letter (action) after seeing a mailbox (cue). In one scene of the movie it appears as if animators had embedded the word "sex" into several frames of animation, which conservative activist Donald Wildmon asserted was a subliminal message intended to promote sexual promiscuity. Time-based prospective memories are triggered by a time-cue, such as going to the doctor (action) at 4pm (cue). The Lion King, in particular, because of Vogler's involvement and its near-perfect adherence to mythic structure, was cited as a major culprit of the trend. Prospective memory can be further broken down into event- and time-based prospective remembering. There was backlash by critics who felt that Vogler's treatises on story structre--which actually only codified basic mythic structure--was an industry-wide attempt at making all films formulaic. In contrast, prospective memory is memory for future intentions, or remembering to remember (Winograd, 1988).

At the time of the film's release, studios were clamoring to utilize Vogler's theories on applying mythic structure to screenplays to streamline story development. Thus, retrospective memory as a category includes semantic memory and episodic/ autobiographical memory. The contribution of Vogler itself raised controversy. A further major way to distinguish different memory functions is whether the content to be remembered is in the past, retrospective memory, or whether the content is to be remembered in the future, prospective memory. The Hamlet argument appears to have been promoted by Disney personnel after the Kimba controversy started. So far, nobody has successfully been able to isolate the time dependence of these suggested memory structures. Vogler claims that several further ideas were suggested to Disney but not incorporated into the movie, including possibly a fight of young Simba with some dangerous animal to mark his transition from a child to mature hero. Procedural memory involved in motor learning depends on the cerebellum and basal ganglia.

Much of Hamlet's plot has no parallel in The Lion King, however. It is revealed when we do better in a given task due only to repetition - no new explicit memories have been formed, but we are unconsciously accessing aspects of those previous experiences. Later, at the urging of his father's ghost, the prince recalls his duty (although Hamlet vacillates between action and inaction) and ultimately returns from exile to kill his uncle (but Hamlet was not in exile at the time, and Simba does not kill Scar). Procedural memory is primarily employed in learning motor skills and should be considered a subset of implicit memory. The rightful heir does not avenge his father's death (Simba to Hamlet). In contrast, procedural memory (or implicit memory) is not based on the conscious recall of information, but on implicit learning. Relationship between the two plots includes: The brother to the king (Scar to Mufasa; Claudius to King Hamlet) kills the king (this occurs before the play Hamlet begins). [1].

In fact, Christopher Vogler in his book The Writer's Journey, Second Edition: Mythic Structure for Writers (ISBN 0941188701) describes how Disney approached him with a copy of Hamlet asking how to improve the plot of The Lion King by incorporating ideas from Shakespeare. Visual memory can result in priming and it is assumed some kind of perceptual representational system or PRS underlies this phenomenon. There are recurring assertions of a resemblance to Shakespeare's Hamlet. We are able to place in memory information that resembles objects, places, animals or people in sort of a mental image. The family of Osamu Tezuka, Kimba's creator, have not filed suit against Disney. Visual memory is part of memory preserving some characteristics of our senses pertaining to visual experience. Disney's official stance is that any resemblances are a coincidence, and the directors Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff claim they were well into the development process before someone pointed out the Kimba similarity. Autobiographical memory - memory for particular events within one's own life - is generally viewed as either equivalent to, or a subset of, episodic memory.

Most characters in Kimba have an analogue in The Lion King, and various individual scenes are nearly identical in composition and camera angle. Episodic memory, on the other hand, is used for more personal memories, such as the sensations, emotions, and personal associations of a particular place or time. The Lion King bears a striking resemblance to a famous Japanese animated television show, Kimba the White Lion [2], and claims have been made that The Lion King was inspired by it. Semantic memory allows the encoding of abstract knowledge about the world, such as "Paris is the capital of France". The Lion King was claimed to be the first animated Disney movie to be based on an original story, although the accuracy of this has become disputed. Declarative memory can be further sub-divided into semantic memory, which concerns facts taken independent of context; and episodic memory, which concerns information specific to a particular context, such as a time and place. Also, in the "Hakuna Matata" number, the characters sing in a jungle surrounding, lit by spotlights that follow them from the sky. It is sometimes called explicit memory, since it consists of information that is explicitly stored and retrieved.

For instance, the "I Just Can't Wait to Be King" number transitions from a background of natural savannah to abstact blue and pink African tribal patterns the instant the singing begins--and just as quickly back out of it when the music ends. Declarative memory requires conscious recall, in that some conscious process must call back the information. The film's look changes drastically from the "realistic" world of the drama and the stylized world of the musical numbers. Long-term memory, the largest part of any model, can be divided into declarative (explicit) and procedural (implicit) memories. With six major musical numbers (including a repeated "Circle of Life" at film's beginning and end), The Lion King is heavily influenced by American musical theater. The ability to store the information regarding the instructions and intermediate results is what is referred to as working memory. Computers also aided in the implementation of a classic Disney animation technique called "multiplaning" that was prominently featued in Bambi. For instance, when we are asked to mentally multiply 45 by 4, we have to perform a series of simple calculations (additions and multiplications) to arrive at the final answer.

Similar multiplication occurs in the "Be Prepared" musical number with identical marching hyenas. Some theories consider working memory to be the combination of short-term memory and some attentional control. Several distinct wildebeast chracters were drawn into a computer program, multiplied into the hundreds, and given randomized paths down a mountainside to simulate the real, unpredictable movement of a herd. Additionally, the term working memory is used to refer to the short-term store needed for certain mental tasks - it is not a synonym for short-term memory, since it is defined not in terms of duration, but rather in terms of purpose. The most notable use of computer-aided animation is in the famous "wildebeast stampede" sequence. Those long-lasting memories are said to be stored in long-term memory. Significant use of computer-aided designed help the filmmakers on use the old story structure in new, visual ways. On the other hand, we can remember telephone numbers for many years (assuming we use them often enough).

This is seen in classic films such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film), Bambi, and Cinderella (1950 movie). If we are given a random seven-digit number, we may remember it only for a few seconds and then forget (short-term memory). Although not specifically based on any previous film, The Lion King borrows the archetypical Disney story of an orphan battling a villain (usually a relative) for control of his or her birthright. Some psychologists, however, argue that the distinction between long- and short-term memories is arbitrary, and is merely a reflection of differing levels of activation within a single store. The Renaissance featured a return to traditional Disney standard storytelling modes and motifs, a reliance on ever-expanding filmmaking technology, and a strong influence of musical theater. It may be that short-term memory is supported by transient changes in neuronal communication, whereas long-term memories are maintained by more stable and permanent changes in neural structure that are dependent on protein synthesis. To many, The Lion King represents the peak of the late 1980's to mid 1990's Disney Renaissance in animation. These stores are generally characterised as of strictly limited capacity and duration, whereas in general stored information can be retrieved in a period of time which ranges from days to years; this type of memory is called long-term memory.

. Sensory memory is characterized by the duration of memory retention from milliseconds to seconds and short-term memory from seconds to minutes. The CD itself is difficult to obtain, but it has been sighted on eBay, and high-quality downloads of the tracks can be found online. Some of this information in the sensory area proceeds to the sensory store, which is referred to as short-term memory. The CD is titled The Lion King Complete Score or Lion King Expanded Score and was first mentioned on Hans-Zimmer.com. The sensory memory corresponds approximately to the initial moment that an item is perceived. The quality is not what one would expect from an official Disney CD, as the tracks were recorded at a slower rate than normal, many of the tracks are in monaural and the tracks are not ordered correctly with their appearance in the film, but it has been a relief to many fans that the music had been placed into CD form. A basic and generally accepted classification of memory is based on the duration of memory retention, and identifies three distinct types of memory: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

It was assumed that the vast amounts of missing score had been lost, but relatively recently a bootleg CD containing all of the missing score has come to light. . The tracks included were pieced together from various parts of the film and therefore not entirely representative of the scenes linked to them. From an information processing perspective there are three main stages in the formation and retrieval of memory:. The official soundtrack released by Disney contained very little of Hans Zimmer's instrumental score. There are several ways of classifying memories, based on duration, nature and retrieval of information. Rhythm of the Pridelands was printed in a very limited quantity, and as such has become something of a collectors item. In the recent decades, it has become one of the principal pillars of a new branch of science that represents a marriage between cognitive psychology and neuroscience, called cognitive neuroscience.

Several songs featured on the album would later have incarnations in other Lion King-oriented projects, such as the stage musical or the direct-to-video sequels. Although traditional studies of memory began in the realms of philosophy, the late nineteenth and early twentieth century put memory within the paradigms of cognitive psychology. The album -- with many tracks composed by Lebo M -- focused primarily on the African influences of the film's original music, with most songs being sung either partially or entirely in various African languages. Memory is the ability of the brain to store, retain, and subsequently recall information. On 28 February 1995, Disney released an album entitled Rhythm of the Pridelands, which featured songs and performances inspired by, but not featured in, the film. Retrieval/Recall (calling back the stored information in response to some cue for use in some process or activity). More recently, with the making of the Special Edition and its extra song, "The Morning Report", newer CDs include this track:. Storage (creation of a permanent record of the encoded information).

In most international releases of the CD, Elton John's versions were removed except for the bottom one, and an additional track, "Hyenas" (instrumental by Hans Zimmer) was included. Encoding (processing and combining of received information). In the original United States version, this CD had the following tracks:. A soundtrack CD was sold separately from the film. For instance, Jason Weaver sang for Jonathan Taylor-Thomas as the young Simba, and Joseph Williams sang for Matthew Broderick as the adult Simba.

Also, very few of the voice actors in the movie were able to do their own singing, and a majority of the songs were done by vocal doubles. Aside from the John/Rice songs, the incidental music was by Hans Zimmer with additional material arranged by Lebo M. The Lion King was nominated for the following Tony Awards in 1997:. The show is produced by Disney Theatrical.

International productions of the show are now playing in London, England; Melbourne, Australia; Hamburg, Germany; Tokyo, Japan; and Scheveningen, Netherlands. The tour version is very similar to the original Broadway production; however, certain scenic elements which rise out of the stage floor (such as Pride Rock, the stampede, and the grasslands) were converted to less costly configurations for the touring productions. touring productions. There are currently two U.S.

In June of 2006, the Broadway production will move to the Minskoff Theater to make way for the musical version of Mary Poppins. A version later opened in London, and another in Toronto, playing there until January 2004. The stage show first opened on July 31st, 1997 in Minneapolis at the Orpheum Theatre, and was an instant and tremendous success, moving permanently to the New Amsterdam Theater on Broadway in New York that October. The movie was also adapted into an award-winning Broadway stage musical with the same title, directed by Julie Taymor, featuring actors in animal costumes as well as giant, hollow puppets.

The Lion King II: Simba's Pride was re-released in a 2 disc Special Edition on August 31, 2004. A boxed set of the three films (in double-disc Special Edition formats) was released on December 6, 2004. By means of seamless branching, the movie could be viewed either with or without the extra scene. Among the extra features on the disc was an extended version of one scene, where a short conversation has been replaced with a complete song, "The Morning Report", which was originally written for the stage musical (see below).

The DVD release featured a remastered version of the film created for the IMAX release. On October 7, 2003, the original film was released as The Lion King: 2-Disc Special Edition, part of Disney's Platinum Edition line of DVDs. A second direct-to-video sequel (or perhaps midquel), The Lion King 1½ (also known as The Lion King 3: Hakuna Matata), was released on February 10, 2004, and takes place on a parallel time line that interweaves with the original Lion King, but from Timon and Pumbaa's perspective. A spin-off television series called Timon and Pumbaa focused on the Meerkat and Warthog duo, and implied that the story took place during the mid Twentieth Century through the appearance of humans, human clothing and technology.

The Lion King was so successful that Disney's television animation arm created a direct-to-video sequel (as it did with numerous other succesful animated films) called The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998), focusing on Simba's daughter Kiara. Singing voices. (See == Controversies == below). The plot also bears similarities to both Shakespeare's play Hamlet and the 1942 Disney animated feature Bambi.

The official Disney company response, as reported in the Chronicle, was that The Lion King was an original work, and that none of the people involved in creating The Lion King "were aware of Kimba or Tezuka." Animators - or anyone for that matter - not being aware of the creator of "Kimba the White Lion" and other works such as Atom Boy (Astro Boy) is very hard to believe indeed. See: Dreamland and Kimba The Lion. A major point of contention among fans of Japanese anime and in particular Osamu Tezuka - is the fact that many of the characters, key scenes and story are almost identical to "Jungle Taitei" - translated as "The Jungle Emporer" or as we know it - "Kimba the White lion". Simba and Nala have a baby cub that is presented in a triumphant ceremony mirroring the film's beginning.

In a powerful and beautifully depicted climax, Simba is finally declared the true lion king and leads the Pride Lands back into times of prosperity and glory. Scar jumps through the flames to finish Simba off but it is Simba who throws his uncle over the cliff edge and watches as Scar's former hyena allies turn on the dictator, after hearing him tell Simba they were 'the enemy'. There is a climactic battle and Simba is thrown to the edge of the cliff. Simba is surprised at this and Scar attacks once again.

Scar begins to slink off when he throws some burning embers into Simba's face. Scar remembers those words; they were the exact words that he used to manipulate Simba after Mufasa died. Scar attempts to blame everything on the hyenas (who hear this); Simba shows mercy and tells Scar to run away from the kingdom and never return. The battle begins, and as the lionesses and hyenas fight, Simba does battle with Scar on the summit.

Simba, enraged at the truth of the murder and how he was played a fool in it, leaps upon Scar and forces the tyrant to publicly confess to his crime. Just before Scar kills Simba the same way he killed Mufasa, he whispers the awful truth to Simba: that it was he, Scar, who killed Mufasa. Scar recalls Mufasa's death and just as the dictator had done to Mufasa, latches into Simba's paws with his claws. Simba slips and hangs onto the rock as Mufasa did years before.

Then Scar backs Simba to the edge of the cliff as lightning ignites the kingdom. Scar remains confident and with his hyenas forces Simba to confess to his responsibility for the death of Mufasa. With the support of Nala who has rallied the lionesses (including Simba's aged and yet still proud mother, the erstwhile Queen Sarabi), Simba confronts his uncle. When he arrives, Simba is incensed to find that his once joyful and prosperous kingdom has crumbled into a barren wasteland under King Scar's rule.

After Rafiki the witch doctor mandrill (referred to as a baboon in the film) shows Simba that Mufasa's spirit still lives on inside him, and Mufasa appears to him as a ghost and demands of him to look inside himself and understand that he is the only rightful king, Simba decides to go back home. Although the pair have fallen in love, they part: Nala angry with what she sees as Simba's irresponsibility, and Simba angry with Nala for scorning him. She urges Simba to return to the Pride Lands and retake his rightful throne, but he refuses, happy with his new "no worries" lifestyle -- and still traumatized by the false belief that he caused his father's death. After growing up with the pair, the adult Simba encounters his childhood friend, a beautiful and formidable young lioness named Nala, who has fled Scar's dictatorial rule to seek help.

There the cub is saved and befriended by Timon and Pumbaa (a meerkat and warthog respectively), who teach Simba their philosophy of "hakuna matata" (no worries). Exhausted, Simba collapses in the desert. Scar accepts the story, and assumes the throne, becoming the lion king. In the chase that follows, Simba escapes the hyenas who fear Scar's wrath and lie to him, saying that they captured and killed the young prince.

Scar manipulates Simba into thinking he is responsible for his father's death by getting caught in a stampede, and advises him to "run away and never return." As a sobbing, devastated Simba runs off, Scar orders his hyena henchmen to kill Simba. Scar throws Mufasa back off the rock with the mocking words, "Long live the king." Mufasa is crushed under the hooves of the wildebeest. Mufasa pleads to Scar for help, who gazes down on his brother and then suddenly latches his sharp claws into Mufasa's paws. As Mufasa climbs higher, he looks up to see Scar standing on the ledge above him.

However as all hope seems lost, Mufasa makes one last great leap to cling to the rockface. Together with his hyenas, he engineers a wildebeest stampede in which Mufasa rescues Simba but he himself is lost in the stampede. Scar allies himself with some starving hyenas in an attempt to overthrow his brother. Mufasa teaches Simba about the Circle of Life and that everything is connected in a balance.

However, Mufasa's younger brother Scar is jealous of his nephew's position as heir and so plots to usurp the throne. He rules the kingdom with kindness and wisdom. Simba's father, King Mufasa, is the lion king. However, the major musical praise focused on Hans Zimmer's score which was supplemented with traditional African music and choir elements arranged by Lebo M, which many critics felt played a crucial role in establishing the grand mythic tone of the African story.

John performs "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" during the end credits. Elton John and Tim Rice wrote five original songs for this film. With hindsight, the film can be seen as marking the peak of the popular success of the late-80s-to-mid-90s "renaissance" of Disney animation. The film made $328,541,776 in domestic gross income and $783,841,776 worldwide.

Upon general release, the film more than confirmed that suspicion by becoming the most successful film of the year and the most successful animated feature film ever at the time (though with inflation factored in it would be fourth). Furthermore, when the film was in limited release in two major theatres, the film did very impressive business which suggested that this "secondary project" promised to be popular. However, as the film was being marketed, the studio noticed that the released teaser, which consisted of the entire opening sequence featuring the song, "Circle of Life", was getting a strongly enthusiastic reaction from audiences. Many of the Disney Feature Animation staffers preferred to work on Pocahontas, thinking that film would be the more prestigious and successful of the two.

During its production, The Lion King was considered a secondary project to Pocahontas, which was in production at the same time. Computer animation was used extensively in the creation of the movie, particularly during the "Circle of Life" and the technologically innovative stampede sequences. The film was also the first Disney animated feature to have a non-villain main character die on-screen. Robin Hood featured only anthropomorphized animals who lived like humans, while Bambi featured only unseen human characters; whether this makes The Lion King Walt Disney's first "non-human animals-only" film is open to interpretation, but it is one film that is free of "human elements".

The Lion King, though a very humanistic story, remains the only Disney film to lack any trace of human existence. . Many of the John/Rice tunes became Disney standards or pop hits in their own right, and Zimmer's score also drew substantial praise. The Lion King is a musical film, with songs written by composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice, and a film score by Hans Zimmer.

Unlike previous Disney animated films, which featured only a select few famous voice actors alongside lesser-known performers, nearly all of the voice acting work for this film was done by well-known actors, including Matthew Broderick, James Earl Jones, Jeremy Irons, Jonathan Taylor Thomas, Nathan Lane, Ernie Sabella, Robert Guillaume, Moira Kelly, Rowan Atkinson, Whoopi Goldberg, Cheech Marin and Jim Cummings. The filmmakers do, however, acknowledge the prominent influences of both Shakespeare's play Hamlet and the 1942 Disney animated feature Bambi. It is frequently alleged that The Lion King was based on Osamu Tezuka's 1960s animated series Kimba the White Lion, although the filmmakers deny this. The film is about a young lion cub named Simba who learns about his place on the throne of Pride Rock and his role in the circle of life.

A digitally retouched and enhanced Special Edition version of the film was released in IMAX format on December 25, 2002. It was produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation, originally released to selected cities by Walt Disney Pictures and Buena Vista Distribution on June 15, 1994, and put into general release on June 24, 1994. The Lion King is the thirty-second animated feature in the Disney animated feature canon, and the highest-grossing traditionally animated feature film ever released in the United States. The Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure (developed by Activision).

The Lion King (developed by Virgin). "The Morning Report" (James Earl Jones, Jeff Bennett, Evan Saucedo). "Can You Feel The Love Tonight" (Elton John Remix). "Can You Feel The Love Tonight End Title" (Elton John).

"I Just Can't Wait To Be King" (Elton John). "Circle Of Life" (Elton John). "King Of Pride Rock" (instrumental, by Hans Zimmer). "Under The Stars" (instrumental, by Hans Zimmer).

"To Die For" (instrumental, by Hans Zimmer). "This Land" (instrumental, by Hans Zimmer). "Can You Feel The Love Tonight" (Joseph Williams, Sally Dworsky, Nathan Lane, Ernie Sabella, Kristle Edwards). "Hakuna Matata" (Nathan Lane, Ernie Sabella, Jason Weaver, Joseph Williams).

"Be Prepared" (Jeremy Irons, Whoopi Goldberg, Cheech Marin, Jim Cummings). "I Just Can't Wait To Be King" (Jason Weaver, Rowan Atkinson, Laura Williams). "Circle Of Life" (by Carmen Twillie). Tony Award for Best Orchestrations.

Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical (Julie Taymor) WINNER. Tony Award for Best Choreography WINNER (Garth Fagan). Tony Award for Best Lighting Design of a Musical WINNER. Tony Award for Best Costume Design of a Musical (Julie Taymor) WINNER.

Tony Award for Best Scenic Design of a Musical WINNER. Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical (Tsidii Le Loka). Wright). Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical (Samuel E.

Tony Award for Best Original Score. Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical. Tony Award for Best Musical WINNER. News from the underground.") but is generally designated as a minor role.

This is in contrast to the gopher who also speaks only one line ("Zazu, Sir. Nevertheless, the end credits as well as the vast majority of fan material appear to consider her a major character. Her name is never spoken in the movie, and indeed her dialogue consists only of a single line ("Hm, what do you think, Sarabi?"). Sarafina - Nala's mother.